Computed tomography: from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT
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Springer
2008
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| Physical Description: | XIII, 521 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783540394075 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Buzug, Thorsten M. |d 1963- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)129309559 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Computed tomography |b from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT |c Thorsten M. Buzug |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 521 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| adam_text | This volume provides an overview of X-ray
technology and the historical development of
modern CT systems. The main focus of the
book is a detailed derivation of reconstruction
algorithms in 2D and modern
3D
cone-
beam systems. A thorough analysis of CT
artifacts and a discussion of practical issues
such as dose considerations give further
insight into current CT systems. Although
written mainly for graduate students of
biomedical
engineering, medical physics,
medicine (radiology), mathematics, electrical
engineering, and physics, practitioners in
these fields will also benefit from this book.
Buzug
Computed
Tomography
From Photon
Statistics
to Modern
Cone-Beam CT
Contents
Introduction
........................................................ 1
1.1 Computed Tomography
-
State of the Art
......................... 1
1.2
Inverse Problems
.............................................. 2
1.3
Historical Perspective
.......................................... 4
1.4
Some Examples
................................................ 7
1.5
Structure of the Book
........................................... 11
Fundamentals of X-ray Physics
........................................ 15
2.1
Introduction
.................................................. 15
2.2
X-ray Generation
.............................................. 15
2.2.1
X-ray Cathode
.......................................... 16
2.2.2
Electron-Matter Interaction
.............................. 19
2.2.3
Temperature Load
....................................... 23
2.2.4
X-ray Focus and Beam Quality
............................ 24
2.2.5
Beam Filtering
.......................................... 28
2.2.6
Special Tube Designs
.................................... 30
2.3
Photon-Matter Interaction
...................................... 31
2.3.1
Lambert-Beer s Law
..................................... 32
2.3.2
Mechanisms of Attenuation
.............................. 34
2.4
Problems with Lambert-Beer
s
Law
.............................. 46
2.5
X-ray Detection
............................................... 48
2.5.1
Gas Detectors
........................................... 48
2.5.2
Solid-State Scintillator Detectors
.......................... 50
2.5.3
Solid-State Flat-Panel Detectors
........................... 52
2.6
X-ray Photon Statistics
......................................... 59
2.6.1
Statistical Properties of the X-ray Source
................... 60
2.6.2
Statistical Properties of the X-ray Detector
................. 64
2.6.3
Statistical Law of Attenuation
............................. 66
2.6.4
Moments of the
Poisson
Distribution
...................... 68
2.6.5
Distribution for a High Number of X-ray Quanta
........... 70
2.6.6
Non-Poisson Statistics
................................... 72
Contents
Milestones of Computed Tomography
................................. 75
3.1
Introduction
.................................................. 75
3.2
Tomosynthesis
................................................ 76
3.3
Rotation-Translation of a Pencil Beam (First Generation)
........... 79
3.4
Rotation-Translation of a Narrow Fan Beam (Second Generation)
... 83
3.5
Rotation of a Wide Aperture Fan Beam (Third Generation)
......... 84
3.6
Rotation-Fix with Closed Detector Ring (Fourth Generation)
....... 87
3.7
Electron Beam Computerized Tomography
....................... 89
3.8
Rotation in Spiral Path
.......................................... 90
3.9
Rotation in Cone-Beam Geometry
............................... 91
3.10
Micro-CT
..................................................... 93
3.11
PET-CT Combined Scanners
.................................... 96
3.12
Optical Reconstruction Techniques
.............................. 98
Fundamentals of Signal Processing
.................................... 101
4.1
Introduction
.................................................. 102
4.2
Signals
........................................................ 102
4.3
Fundamental Signals
........................................... 102
4.4
Systems
....................................................... 104
4.4.1
Linearity
...............................................104
4.4.2
Position or Translation
Invariance
.........................105
4.4.3
Isotropy and Rotation
Invariance
..........................105
4.4.4
Causality
...............................................106
4.4.5
Stability
................................................106
4.5
Signal Transmission
............................................106
4.6
Dirac s Delta Distribution
.......................................109
4.7
Dirac Comb
...................................................112
4.8
Impulse Response
..............................................115
4.9
Transfer Function
..............................................116
4.10
Fourier Transform
.............................................118
4.11
Convolution Theorem
..........................................124
4.12
Rayleighs Theorem
.............................................125
4.13
Power Theorem
................................................125
4.14
Filtering in the Frequency Domain
...............................126
4.15
Hankel Transform
.............................................128
4.16
Abel Transform
................................................132
4.17
Hubert Transform
.............................................133
4.18
Sampling Theorem and Nyquist Criterion
.........................135
4.19
Wiener-Khintchine Theorem
....................................141
4.20
Fourier Transform of Discrete Signals
............................144
4.21
Finite Discrete Fourier Transform
................................145
4.22
z-Transform
...................................................147
4.23
Chirp
г
-Transform
.............................................
148
Contents
XI
Two-Dimensional
Fourier-Based Reconstruction Methods
............... 151
5.1
Introduction
.................................................. 151
5.2
Radon Transformation
......................................... 153
5.3
Inverse Radon Transformation and Fourier Slice Theorem
.......... 163
5.4
Implementation of the Direct Inverse Radon Transform
............ 167
5.5
Linogram
Method
............................................. 170
5.6
Simple Backprojection
.......................................... 175
5.7
Filtered Backprojection
......................................... 179
5.8
Comparison Between Backprojection and Filtered Backprojection
... 183
5.9
Filtered Layergram: Deconvolution of the Simple Backprojection
.... 187
5.10
Filtered Backprojection and Radon s Solution
...................... 191
5.11
Cormack Transform
............................................ 194
Algebraic and Statistical Reconstruction Methods
.......................201
6.1
Introduction
..................................................201
6.2
Solution with Singular Value Decomposition
......................207
6.3
Iterative Reconstruction with ART
...............................211
6.4
Pixel Basis Functions and Calculation of the System Matrix
.........218
6.4.1
Discretization of the Image: Pixels and Blobs
...............219
6.4.2
Approximation of the System Matrix in the Case of Pixels
___221
6.4.3
Approximation of the System Matrix in the Case of Blobs
___222
6.5
Maximum Likelihood Method
...................................223
6.5.1
Maximum Likelihood Method for Emission Tomography
.... 224
6.5.2
Maximum Likelihood Method for Transmission CT
.........230
6.5.3
Regularization of the Inverse Problem
.....................235
6.5.4
Approximation Through Weighted Least Squares
............238
Technical Implementation
............................................241
7.1
Introduction
..................................................241
7.2
Reconstruction with Real Signals
................................242
7.2.1
Frequency Domain Windowing
...........................244
7.2.2
Convolution in the Spatial Domain
........................247
7.2.3
Discretization of the Kernels
..............................252
7.3
Practical Implementation of the Filtered Backprojection
............255
7.3.1
Filtering of the Projection Signal
..........................255
7.3.2
Implementation of the Backprojection
.....................258
7.4
Minimum Number of Detector Elements
.........................258
7.5
Minimum Number of Projections
................................259
7.6
Geometry of the Fan-Beam System
...............................261
7.7
Image Reconstruction for Fan-Beam Geometry
....................262
7.7.1
Rebinning of the Fan Beams
..............................265
7.7.2
Complementary Rebinning
...............................270
XII Contents
7.7.3
Filtered Backprojection
for Curved Detector Arrays
.........272
7.7.4
Filtered Backprojection for Linear Detector Arrays
..........280
7.7.5
Discretization of Backprojection for Fan-Beam Geometry
----286
7.8
Quarter-Detector Offset and Sampling Theorem
...................293
Three-Dimensional Fourier-Based Reconstruction Methods
..............303
8.1
Introduction
..................................................303
8.2
Secondary Reconstruction Based on 2D Stacks of
Tomographie
Slices
304
8.3
Spiral CT
.....................................................309
8.4
Exact
3D
Reconstruction in Parallel-Beam Geometry
..............321
8.4.1 3D
Radon Transform and the Fourier Slice Theorem
.........321
8.4.2
Three-Dimensional Filtered Backprojection
................326
8.4.3
Filtered Backprojection and Radons Solution
...............327
8.4.4
Central Section Theorem
.................................329
8.4.5
Orlov s
Sufficiency Condition
.............................335
8.5
Exact
3D
Reconstruction in Cone-Beam Geometry
................336
8.5.1
Key Problem of Cone-Beam Geometry
....................339
8.5.2
Method of Grangeat
.....................................341
8.5.3
Computation of the First Derivative on the Detector
.........347
8.5.4
Reconstruction with the Derivative of the Radon Transform
.. 348
8.5.5
Central Section Theorem and Grangeats Solution
...........350
8.5.6
Direct
3D
Fourier Reconstruction with the Cone-Beam
Geometry
..............................................354
8.5.7
Exact Reconstruction using Filtered Backprojection
.........357
8.6
Approximate
3D
Reconstructions in Cone-Beam Geometry
.........366
8.6.1
Missing Data in the
3D
Radon Space
......................366
8.6.2
FDK Cone-Beam Reconstruction for Planar Detectors
.......371
8.6.3
FDK Cone-Beam Reconstruction for Cylindrical Detectors
... 388
8.6.4
Variations of the FDK Cone-Beam Reconstruction
..........390
8.7
Helical Cone-Beam Reconstruction Methods
......................394
Image Quality and Artifacts
..........................................403
9.1
Introduction
..................................................403
9.2
Modulation Transfer Function of the Imaging Process
..............404
9.3
Modulation Transfer Function and Point Spread Function
..........410
9.4
Modulation Transfer Function in Computed Tomography
..........412
9.5
SNR, DQE,
and ROC
...........................................421
9.6
2D Artifacts
...................................................423
9.6.1
Partial Volume Artifacts
.................................423
9.6.2
Beam-Hardening Artifacts
...............................425
9.6.3
Motion Artifacts
........................................432
9.6.4
Sampling Artifacts
......................................435
9.6.5
Electronic Artifacts
......................................435
9.6.6
Detector Afterglow
......................................437
9.6.7
Metal Artifacts
..........................................
438
Contents XIII
9.6.8
Scattered Radiation Artifacts
.............................443
9.7 3D
Artifacts
...................................................445
9.7.1
Partial Volume Artifacts
.................................446
9.7.2
Staircasing in Slice Stacks
................................448
9.7.3
Motion Artifacts
........................................450
9.7.4
Shearing in Slice Stacks Due to Gantry Tilt
.................451
9.7.5
Sampling Artifacts in Secondary Reconstruction
............454
9.7.6
Metal Artifacts in Slice Stacks
.............................455
9.7.7
Spiral CT Artifacts
......................................456
9.7.8
Cone-Beam Artifacts
....................................458
9.7.9
Segmentation and
Triangulation
Inaccuracies
...............459
9.8
Noise in Reconstructed Images
..................................462
9.8.1
Variance of the Radon Transform
.........................462
9.8.2
Variance of the Reconstruction
...........................464
9.8.3
Dose, Contrast, and Variance
.............................467
10
Practical Aspects of Computed Tomography
............................471
10.1
Introduction
..................................................471
10.2
Scan Planning
.................................................471
10.3
Data Representation
............................................475
10.3.1
Hounsfield Units
........................................475
10.3.2
Window Width and Window Level
........................476
10.3.3
Three-Dimensional Representation
.......................479
10.4
Some Applications in Medicine
..................................482
11
Dose
...............................................................485
11.1
Introduction
..................................................485
11.2
Energy Dose, Equivalent Dose, and Effective Dose
.................486
11.3
Definition of Specific CT Dose Measures
..........................487
11.4
Device-Related Measures for Dose Reduction
.....................493
11.5
User-Related Measures for Dose Reduction
.......................499
References
......................................................... 503
Subject Index
...................................................... 511
|
| adam_txt |
This volume provides an overview of X-ray
technology and the historical development of
modern CT systems. The main focus of the
book is a detailed derivation of reconstruction
algorithms in 2D and modern
3D
cone-
beam systems. A thorough analysis of CT
artifacts and a discussion of practical issues
such as dose considerations give further
insight into current CT systems. Although
written mainly for graduate students of
biomedical
engineering, medical physics,
medicine (radiology), mathematics, electrical
engineering, and physics, practitioners in
these fields will also benefit from this book.
Buzug
Computed
Tomography
From Photon
Statistics
to Modern
Cone-Beam CT
Contents
Introduction
. 1
1.1 Computed Tomography
-
State of the Art
. 1
1.2
Inverse Problems
. 2
1.3
Historical Perspective
. 4
1.4
Some Examples
. 7
1.5
Structure of the Book
. 11
Fundamentals of X-ray Physics
. 15
2.1
Introduction
. 15
2.2
X-ray Generation
. 15
2.2.1
X-ray Cathode
. 16
2.2.2
Electron-Matter Interaction
. 19
2.2.3
Temperature Load
. 23
2.2.4
X-ray Focus and Beam Quality
. 24
2.2.5
Beam Filtering
. 28
2.2.6
Special Tube Designs
. 30
2.3
Photon-Matter Interaction
. 31
2.3.1
Lambert-Beer's Law
. 32
2.3.2
Mechanisms of Attenuation
. 34
2.4
Problems with Lambert-Beer
s
Law
. 46
2.5
X-ray Detection
. 48
2.5.1
Gas Detectors
. 48
2.5.2
Solid-State Scintillator Detectors
. 50
2.5.3
Solid-State Flat-Panel Detectors
. 52
2.6
X-ray Photon Statistics
. 59
2.6.1
Statistical Properties of the X-ray Source
. 60
2.6.2
Statistical Properties of the X-ray Detector
. 64
2.6.3
Statistical Law of Attenuation
. 66
2.6.4
Moments of the
Poisson
Distribution
. 68
2.6.5
Distribution for a High Number of X-ray Quanta
. 70
2.6.6
Non-Poisson Statistics
. 72
Contents
Milestones of Computed Tomography
. 75
3.1
Introduction
. 75
3.2
Tomosynthesis
. 76
3.3
Rotation-Translation of a Pencil Beam (First Generation)
. 79
3.4
Rotation-Translation of a Narrow Fan Beam (Second Generation)
. 83
3.5
Rotation of a Wide Aperture Fan Beam (Third Generation)
. 84
3.6
Rotation-Fix with Closed Detector Ring (Fourth Generation)
. 87
3.7
Electron Beam Computerized Tomography
. 89
3.8
Rotation in Spiral Path
. 90
3.9
Rotation in Cone-Beam Geometry
. 91
3.10
Micro-CT
. 93
3.11
PET-CT Combined Scanners
. 96
3.12
Optical Reconstruction Techniques
. 98
Fundamentals of Signal Processing
. 101
4.1
Introduction
. 102
4.2
Signals
. 102
4.3
Fundamental Signals
. 102
4.4
Systems
. 104
4.4.1
Linearity
.104
4.4.2
Position or Translation
Invariance
.105
4.4.3
Isotropy and Rotation
Invariance
.105
4.4.4
Causality
.106
4.4.5
Stability
.106
4.5
Signal Transmission
.106
4.6
Dirac's Delta Distribution
.109
4.7
Dirac Comb
.112
4.8
Impulse Response
.115
4.9
Transfer Function
.116
4.10
Fourier Transform
.118
4.11
Convolution Theorem
.124
4.12
Rayleighs Theorem
.125
4.13
Power Theorem
.125
4.14
Filtering in the Frequency Domain
.126
4.15
Hankel Transform
.128
4.16
Abel Transform
.132
4.17
Hubert Transform
.133
4.18
Sampling Theorem and Nyquist Criterion
.135
4.19
Wiener-Khintchine Theorem
.141
4.20
Fourier Transform of Discrete Signals
.144
4.21
Finite Discrete Fourier Transform
.145
4.22
z-Transform
.147
4.23
Chirp
г
-Transform
.
148
Contents
XI
Two-Dimensional
Fourier-Based Reconstruction Methods
. 151
5.1
Introduction
. 151
5.2
Radon Transformation
. 153
5.3
Inverse Radon Transformation and Fourier Slice Theorem
. 163
5.4
Implementation of the Direct Inverse Radon Transform
. 167
5.5
Linogram
Method
. 170
5.6
Simple Backprojection
. 175
5.7
Filtered Backprojection
. 179
5.8
Comparison Between Backprojection and Filtered Backprojection
. 183
5.9
Filtered Layergram: Deconvolution of the Simple Backprojection
. 187
5.10
Filtered Backprojection and Radon's Solution
. 191
5.11
Cormack Transform
. 194
Algebraic and Statistical Reconstruction Methods
.201
6.1
Introduction
.201
6.2
Solution with Singular Value Decomposition
.207
6.3
Iterative Reconstruction with ART
.211
6.4
Pixel Basis Functions and Calculation of the System Matrix
.218
6.4.1
Discretization of the Image: Pixels and Blobs
.219
6.4.2
Approximation of the System Matrix in the Case of Pixels
_221
6.4.3
Approximation of the System Matrix in the Case of Blobs
_222
6.5
Maximum Likelihood Method
.223
6.5.1
Maximum Likelihood Method for Emission Tomography
. 224
6.5.2
Maximum Likelihood Method for Transmission CT
.230
6.5.3
Regularization of the Inverse Problem
.235
6.5.4
Approximation Through Weighted Least Squares
.238
Technical Implementation
.241
7.1
Introduction
.241
7.2
Reconstruction with Real Signals
.242
7.2.1
Frequency Domain Windowing
.244
7.2.2
Convolution in the Spatial Domain
.247
7.2.3
Discretization of the Kernels
.252
7.3
Practical Implementation of the Filtered Backprojection
.255
7.3.1
Filtering of the Projection Signal
.255
7.3.2
Implementation of the Backprojection
.258
7.4
Minimum Number of Detector Elements
.258
7.5
Minimum Number of Projections
.259
7.6
Geometry of the Fan-Beam System
.261
7.7
Image Reconstruction for Fan-Beam Geometry
.262
7.7.1
Rebinning of the Fan Beams
.265
7.7.2
Complementary Rebinning
.270
XII Contents
7.7.3
Filtered Backprojection
for Curved Detector Arrays
.272
7.7.4
Filtered Backprojection for Linear Detector Arrays
.280
7.7.5
Discretization of Backprojection for Fan-Beam Geometry
----286
7.8
Quarter-Detector Offset and Sampling Theorem
.293
Three-Dimensional Fourier-Based Reconstruction Methods
.303
8.1
Introduction
.303
8.2
Secondary Reconstruction Based on 2D Stacks of
Tomographie
Slices
304
8.3
Spiral CT
.309
8.4
Exact
3D
Reconstruction in Parallel-Beam Geometry
.321
8.4.1 3D
Radon Transform and the Fourier Slice Theorem
.321
8.4.2
Three-Dimensional Filtered Backprojection
.326
8.4.3
Filtered Backprojection and Radons Solution
.327
8.4.4
Central Section Theorem
.329
8.4.5
Orlov s
Sufficiency Condition
.335
8.5
Exact
3D
Reconstruction in Cone-Beam Geometry
.336
8.5.1
Key Problem of Cone-Beam Geometry
.339
8.5.2
Method of Grangeat
.341
8.5.3
Computation of the First Derivative on the Detector
.347
8.5.4
Reconstruction with the Derivative of the Radon Transform
. 348
8.5.5
Central Section Theorem and Grangeats Solution
.350
8.5.6
Direct
3D
Fourier Reconstruction with the Cone-Beam
Geometry
.354
8.5.7
Exact Reconstruction using Filtered Backprojection
.357
8.6
Approximate
3D
Reconstructions in Cone-Beam Geometry
.366
8.6.1
Missing Data in the
3D
Radon Space
.366
8.6.2
FDK Cone-Beam Reconstruction for Planar Detectors
.371
8.6.3
FDK Cone-Beam Reconstruction for Cylindrical Detectors
. 388
8.6.4
Variations of the FDK Cone-Beam Reconstruction
.390
8.7
Helical Cone-Beam Reconstruction Methods
.394
Image Quality and Artifacts
.403
9.1
Introduction
.403
9.2
Modulation Transfer Function of the Imaging Process
.404
9.3
Modulation Transfer Function and Point Spread Function
.410
9.4
Modulation Transfer Function in Computed Tomography
.412
9.5
SNR, DQE,
and ROC
.421
9.6
2D Artifacts
.423
9.6.1
Partial Volume Artifacts
.423
9.6.2
Beam-Hardening Artifacts
.425
9.6.3
Motion Artifacts
.432
9.6.4
Sampling Artifacts
.435
9.6.5
Electronic Artifacts
.435
9.6.6
Detector Afterglow
.437
9.6.7
Metal Artifacts
.
438
Contents XIII
9.6.8
Scattered Radiation Artifacts
.443
9.7 3D
Artifacts
.445
9.7.1
Partial Volume Artifacts
.446
9.7.2
Staircasing in Slice Stacks
.448
9.7.3
Motion Artifacts
.450
9.7.4
Shearing in Slice Stacks Due to Gantry Tilt
.451
9.7.5
Sampling Artifacts in Secondary Reconstruction
.454
9.7.6
Metal Artifacts in Slice Stacks
.455
9.7.7
Spiral CT Artifacts
.456
9.7.8
Cone-Beam Artifacts
.458
9.7.9
Segmentation and
Triangulation
Inaccuracies
.459
9.8
Noise in Reconstructed Images
.462
9.8.1
Variance of the Radon Transform
.462
9.8.2
Variance of the Reconstruction
.464
9.8.3
Dose, Contrast, and Variance
.467
10
Practical Aspects of Computed Tomography
.471
10.1
Introduction
.471
10.2
Scan Planning
.471
10.3
Data Representation
.475
10.3.1
Hounsfield Units
.475
10.3.2
Window Width and Window Level
.476
10.3.3
Three-Dimensional Representation
.479
10.4
Some Applications in Medicine
.482
11
Dose
.485
11.1
Introduction
.485
11.2
Energy Dose, Equivalent Dose, and Effective Dose
.486
11.3
Definition of Specific CT Dose Measures
.487
11.4
Device-Related Measures for Dose Reduction
.493
11.5
User-Related Measures for Dose Reduction
.499
References
. 503
Subject Index
. 511 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Buzug, Thorsten M. 1963- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)129309559 |
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| author_variant | t m b tm tmb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023344842 |
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| dewey-full | 616.075722 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 616 - Diseases |
| dewey-raw | 616.075722 |
| dewey-search | 616.075722 |
| dewey-sort | 3616.075722 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Physik Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Physik Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023344842 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T21:03:02Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:16:27Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540394075 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016528550 |
| oclc_num | 244035239 |
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| physical | XIII, 521 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Buzug, Thorsten M. 1963- Verfasser (DE-588)129309559 aut Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT Thorsten M. Buzug Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2008 XIII, 521 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Computertomografie (DE-588)4113240-3 gnd rswk-swf Computertomografie (DE-588)4113240-3 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-540-39408-2 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016528550&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016528550&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Buzug, Thorsten M. 1963- Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT Computertomografie (DE-588)4113240-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4113240-3 |
| title | Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT |
| title_auth | Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT |
| title_exact_search | Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT |
| title_full | Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT Thorsten M. Buzug |
| title_fullStr | Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT Thorsten M. Buzug |
| title_full_unstemmed | Computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT Thorsten M. Buzug |
| title_short | Computed tomography |
| title_sort | computed tomography from photon statistics to modern cone beam ct |
| title_sub | from photon statistics to modern cone-beam CT |
| topic | Computertomografie (DE-588)4113240-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Computertomografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016528550&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016528550&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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