Holdings: Is arsenic an aphrodisiac?

Is arsenic an aphrodisiac?: the sociochemistry of an element

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Cullen, William R. (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Cambridge Royal Soc. of Chemistry 2008
Subjects:	Geschichte 1000 v. Ch.-2000 Arsenic / History Arsenic / Toxicology Geschichte Arsenic > History Arsenic > Toxicology Arsenic > history Arsenic > toxicity Arsen Kultur
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Item Description:	Includes bibliographical references and index
Physical Description:	xvi, 412 S. Ill. 24 cm

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_version_	1804137691764228096
adam_text	IS ARSENIC AN APHRODISIAC? THE SOCIOCHEMISTRY OF AN ELEMENT WILLIAM R. CULLEN UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER BC, CANADA RSC PUBLISHING CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 MEDICINAL ARSENIC: TOXIC ARSENIC J.I 1.2 1.3 3.4 3.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 10 11 12 THE ELEMENT MINERAL MEDICINE 1,2.1 THEOPHRASTUS PHIJIPPUS AUREOLUS BOMBASTUS VON HOHENHEIM, AKA PARACELSUS ARSENIC EATERS OF STYRIA FOWLER S SOLUTION ACUTE PROMYEJOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (APL) THE ORGANOARSENICALS 1.6.1 ROBERT BUNSEN 1.6.2 PAUL EHRLICH 1.6.3 THE GOLDEN AGE OF ORGANOARSENICALS 1.6.4 AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS THE DARKER SIDE: TOXICITY ARSENICOSIS AND CANCER BIOMARKERS 1.9.1 URINE 1.9.2 HAIR 1.9.3 FINGER AND TOE NAILS 1.9.4 SALIVA ANIMAL MODELS CHELATE COMPOUNDS AND CHELATING AGENTS 1.1 (. 1 CHELATION THERAPY SOME HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS 1.12.1 CHARLES DARWIN 1.12.2 KARIN BLIXEN AKA ISAK DINESEN 1 2 6 7 13 20 22 22 24 28 31 33 35 38 38 39 40 40 41 41 43 43 43 46 !S ARSENIC AN APHRODISIAC? THE SOCIOCHEMISTRY OF AN ELEMENT % WJLJJAM R CU\|]EN CO WILLIAM R. CULLEN 2008 IX X CONTENTS 1.12.3 ALEXANDER BORODIN, PROFESSIONAL ORGANIC CHEMIST AND AMATEUR COMPOSER 46 REFERENCES 47 CHAPTER 2 ARSENIC WHERE YOU LEAST EXPECT IT 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 ANIMAL FEED ADDITIVES HEARTWORM PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDES 2.3.1 LEAD AND CALCIUM ARSENATES ARSENIC TRIOXIDE 2.4.1 THE BLACK DEATH WOOD PRESERVATION 2.5.1 CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) 2.5.2 DISPOSAL OF TREATED WOOD 2.5.3 ALTERNATIVES TO CCA MONOMETHYLARSONIC ACID AND DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID 2.6.1 USE IN THE USA 2.6.2 CANADA OBPA ARSENIC IN OTHER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES 2.8.1 IRONITC 2.8.2 GALLIUM ARSENIDE 2.8.3 GLASS MAKING 2.8.4 EMBALMING 2.8.5 TAXIDERMY 2.8.6 PIGMENTS SOME HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS 2.9.1 CLARE BOOTHE LUCE 2.9.2 THE PEAK FAMILY 2.9.3 KING GEORGE ITI REFERENCES 58 60 61 61 63 63 67 67 72 74 75 75 76 78 78 78 79 80 81 85 87 88 88 89 90 92 CHAPTER 3 ARSINE, SEHEELE S GREEN, GOSIO GAS, AND BEER 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 ARSINE SCHEELE S GREEN ARSENICAL WALLPAPER 3.3.1 COAL TAR DYES AND THE DECLINE OF ARSENICAL COLOURS MEDICAL PROBLEMS WALLPAPER DUST OR GAS? GOSIO GAS THE REGULATION OF ARSENIC, THE VERDANT ASSASSIN OTHER ASSASSINS 99 103 105 106 107 109 110 112 113 CONTENTS X J 3.9 FREDERICK CHALLENGER 115 3.10 THE TOXICITY OF GOSIO GAS 1IX 3.11 SICK-BUILDING SYNDROME? 120 3.12 THE MANCHESTER BEER INCIDENT 120 3.13 AN HISTORICAL CONNECTION. WILLIAM MORRIS 124 REFERENCES 127 CHAPTER 4 ARSENOPHOBIA: A CONNECTION BETWEEN THE DEATHS OF INFANTS AND NAPOLEON I 4.1 SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME 130 4.2 THE TOXIC-GAS HYPOTHESIS 131 4.2.1 THE REACTION 133 4.2.2 THE TURNER COMMISSION 134 4.2.3 THE BACK-TO-SLEEP CAMPAIGN 135 4.3 THE LIMERICK REPORT 3 37 4.3.1 ANTIMONY BIOMETHYLATION 138 4.3.2 REPORT SUMMARY 139 4.4 DR. T. J. SPROTT 140 4.4.1 SHEEP SKINS 141 4.5 OTHER PROPONENTS OF THE TOXIC-GAS HYPOTHESIS 143 4.6 TOXICITY AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS 144 4.7 THE DEATH O{ NAPOLEON I OF FRANCE 145 4.7.1 WAS IT THE ARSENIC IN THE WALLPAPER? 145 4.7.2 THE AUTOPSY 146 4.7.3 ARSENIC POISONING? 147 4.7.4 THE REAL CAUSE OF NAPOLEON S DEATH 151 4.7.5 WHO DID IT? 152 4.8 SOME ANALYTICAL AND CHEMICAL PROBLEMS 152 4.8.1 THE PRESERVATION OF THE CORPSE 152 4.8.2 THE LETHAL PHASE 153 4.8.3 THE HAIR ANALYSIS 153 4.9 THE OVERALL PICTURE 155 4.9.1 SOURCES OF ARSENIC 157 4.9.2 WINE AND WATER 157 4.9.3 SELF-MEDICATION 158 4.9.4 ARSENICAL SMOKE AND PRESERVATIVES 158 4.9.5 ARSENICAL STRAWS 160 4.10 MEDICAL EVIDENCE L6 REFERENCES CHAPTER 5 ARSENIC AND CRIME: THE LAW OF INTENDED CONSEQUENCES 5.1 INTRODUCTION 166 5.2 ANCIENT TIMES F67 CONTENTS 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 EUROPEAN EXCESS: THE AGE OF ARSENIC 5.3.1 ITALY OF THE BORGIAS AND THE MEDICIS 5.3.2 FRANCE: THE POISONS AFFAIR FORENSIC SCIENCE 5.4.1 MARY BLANDY 5.4.2 JAMES MARSH 5.4.3 MARIE LAFARGE 5.4.4 THE ARSENIC ACT OF 1851 5.4.5 MADELEINE SMITH 5.4.6 THOMAS SMETHURST 5.4.7 FLORENCE MAYBRICK 5.4.8 HERBERT ARMSTRONG 5.4.9 MARIE BESNARD PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS 5.5.1 ARSENIC AND OLD LACE 5.5.2 CRIME FICTION 5.5.3 PORTRAIT OF A POISONER SOME SERIAL KILLERS 5.6.1 MARY ANN COTTON, BRITAIN S FIRST SERIAL KILLER 5.6.2 THE BLACK WIDOWS OF LIVERPOOL 5.6.3 VERA RENCZI 5.6.4 MADAME POPOVA 5.6.5 JOHANN HOCH 5.6.6 THE ARSENIC GANG 5.6.7 THE GRANDMOTHERS OF NAGYREV 5.6.8 DR. MICHAEL SWANGO 5.6.9 DONALD HARVEY DELIVERY SYSTEMS 5.7.1 FOOD AND DRINK 5.7.2 THE POISONED SHIRT 5.7.3 APPLICATION VIA A PROPHYLACTIC 5.7.4 THE POISONED MAIDEN 5.7.5 THE POISONED RING 5.7.6 THE POISONED CANDLE PUBLIC ARSENIC ATTACKS 5.8.1 JAPANESE CURRY 5.8.2 CAMPUS COFFEE 5.8.3 CHURCH PICNIC TWO ONGOING CASES 5.9.1 A POLITICAL POISONING 5.9.2 CYNTHIA SOMMER BEZOARS, UNICORNS AND FOOD TASTERS SOME HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS 5.11.1 ZACHARY TAYLOR 5.11.2 WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART 167 168 170 171 172 173 174 176 178 181 183 185 187 188 189 190 191 192 192 193 194 194 195 195 195 196 197 197 197 198 198 198 199 199 199 199 200 201 202 202 203 205 207 207 208 CONTENTS XIII 5.11.3 PYOTR ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY 209 REFERENCES TJO CHAPTER 6 ARSENIC AT WAR: MASS MURDER 6.1 INTRODUCTION 215 6.2 THE FIRST CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTIONS 217 6.3 WORLD WAR I: THE GAS WAR ? 17 6.3.1 MUSTARD GAS 221 6.3.2 BLUE CROSS 223 6.3.3 ARSENICAL AGENTS: THE SECOND GENERATION 224 6.3.4 TACTICS OF CHEMICAL WARFARE 225 6.4 THE US ENTERS THE FRAY 226 6.4.1 LEWISITE 227 6.4.2 PHENARSAZINE CHLORIDE 228 6.5 ARSENICAL CHEMICAL-WARFARE AGENTS 232 6.6 CASUALTIES OF THE CHEMICAL WAR 233 6.6.1 THE COMBATANTS 233 6.6.2 CIVILIAN CASUALTIES 234 6.7 THE AFTERMATH 234 6.7.1 THE HUMANE WAR? 234 6.7.2 PUBLIC REACTION 235 6.8 LIVING WITH CHEMICAL WEAPONS 239 6.8.1 THE GENEVA CONVENTION 239 6.8.2 THE GERMAN REACTION 240 6.8.3 SPAIN IN MOROCCO 240 6.8.4 ITALY IN ETHIOPIA (ABYSSINIA) 241 6.8.5 JAPAN IN CHINA 242 6.9 WWII - THE GAS WAR THAT NEVER HAPPENED 244 6.9.1 THE BUILDUP IN EUROPE 244 6.9.2 RUSSIA 245 6.9.3 THE UNITED STATES 245 6.9.4 CANADA 246 6.9.5 THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE 250 6.9.6 THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC 251 6.10 HUMAN GUINEA PIGS 252 6.10.1 THE ALLIES 252 6.10.2 JAPAN AND GERMANY 254 6.10.3 THE NUREMBERG CODE OF 1947 AND ITS AFTERMATH 254 6.11 THE VIETNAM WAR 257 6.1 LI AGENT BLUE 257 6.11.2 ADAMSITE AND OTHER TEAR GASES 259 6.11.3 HEALTH EFFECTS 259 6.11.4 THE PUBLIC REACTION 260 6.12 THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION 261 XIV CONTENTS 6.13 THE CLEANUP 263 6.13.1 THE EARLY YEARS 263 6.13.2 POST- WWII 264 6.13.3 JAPAN 266 6.13.4 DOMESTIC OCEAN DUMPING 266 6.14 DISPOSAL OF STOCKPILES 267 6.14.1 RUSSIA 267 6.14.2 UNITED STATES 268 6.15 SOME SPECIAL PROBLEMS 270 6.15.1 MUNSTER, GERMANY 270 6.15.2 SPRING VALLEY, US 271 6.15.3 BOWES MOOR, UK 272 6.15.4 CHINA 272 6.15.5 ALBANIA 273 6.15.6 OTHER RECENT DEPLOYMENTS OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS 274 6.16 CONCLUSIONS 275 REFERENCES 277 CHAPTER 7 ARSENIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT 7.1 INTRODUCTION 287 7.1.1 ARSENIC IN THE ATMOSPHERE 288 7.1.2 ARSENIC IN THE PEDOSPHERE 288 7.1.3 ARSENIC IN THE HYDROSPHERE 288 7.2 ARSENIC IN THE BIOSPHERE 289 7.2.1 ARSENIC IN SEAFOOD 289 7.2.2 ANALYSIS OF ARSENIC SPECIES (SPECIATION) IN LIVING ORGANISMS 290 7.2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC SPECIES IN THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT 294 7.2.4 WHERE DO ARSENOSUGARS AND ARSENOBETAINE COME FROM? 296 7.2.5 ARSENIC ACCUMULATORS AND HYPERACCUMULATORS 299 7.3 ARSENIC IN OUR FOOD AND WATER 300 7.3.1 ESSENTIALITY 301 7.3.2 ARSENIC MARKET BASKETS 302 7.3.3 THE EFFECT OF COOKING 304 7.3.4 MORE ON RICE 304 7.3.5 HIJIKI AND OTHER ALGAL PRODUCTS 305 7.3.6 BOTTLED WATER 308 7.3.7 METABOLITES 310 7.4 BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOACCESSIBILITY 310 7.4.1 SEQUENTIAL SELECTIVE EXTRACTION (SSE) 312 7.4.2 GASTROINTESTINAL MODELS 312 CONTENTS 7.5 ARSENIC IN THE ANTHROSPHERE 313 7.5.1 GOLD PROSPECTING 314 7.6 ARSENIC TRIOXIDE AND THE GIANT MINE, YELLOWKNIFE NT, CANADA 315 7.6.1 GIANT MINE: AN UNDERGROUND CLEANUP? 317 7.6.2 GIANT MINE: SURFACE CLEANUP 318 7.7 AMERICAN SMELTING AND REFINING COMPANY. ASAREO 319 7.7.1 THE EVERETT AND TACOMA SMELTERS 319 7.7.2 THE GLOBE SMELTER: SOME UNEXPECTED RELIEF 321 7.8 A TRANSBOUNDARY DISPUTE: TECK COMINCO VS. US EPA 321 7.9 MORE WOES 322 7.9.1 SOME OTHER SURFACES AFFECTED BY MINING 322 7.9.2 NICKEL ARSENIDE 323 7.10 ARSENIC IN ENERGY SOURCES 324 7.10.1 COAL 324 7.10.2 ARSENICAL PEPPERS 326 7.10.3 THE OIL SANDS OF ALBERTA 327 7.10.4 THE SYDNEY TAR PONDS: ARSENIC AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL HAMMER 328 7.10.5 CLEANING UP 329 7.10.6 MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION 331 7.11 MICROBES AND ARSENIC 332 7.11.1 MORE - BUT VERY SMALL ARSENIC EATERS 333 REFERENCES 339 CHAPTER 8 ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC: THE LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES 8.1 INTRODUCTION 349 8.2 WEST BENGAL AND BANGLADESH: THE DEVIL S WATER 350 8.2.1 THE GREEN REVOLUTION 350 8.2.2 BANGLADESH 351 8.2.3 THE AFFECTED 354 8.2.4 WHERE DOES THE BANGLADESH ARSENIC COME FROM? 355 8.3 PROFESSOR DIPANKAR CHAKRABORTI 358 8.3.1 FIELD TESTING KITS 360 8.4 ARSENIC MITIGATION IN BANGLADESH 362 8.4.1 DHAKA, BANGLADESH, JANUARY 2002 362 8.4.2 ARSENIC-MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES 364 8.4.3 VERIFICATION OF MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES 365 8.4.4 THE GRAINGER CHALLENGE PRIZE 367 8.4.5 NANOPARTICLES 369 8.4.6 OTHER ARSENIC-MITIGATION METHODS 369 XVI CONTENTS 8.5 WHERE ARE WE NOW? 370 8.5.1 TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR THE AFFLICTED 370 8.5.2 ARSENIC MITIGATION 371 8.6 TAIWAN 373 8.6.1 SOUTHWESTERN TAIWAN 373 8.6.2 NORTHERN TAIWAN 373 8.7 VIETNAM AND ELSEWHERE IN THE EAST 374 8.7.1 VIETNAM 374 8.7.2 NEPAL 374 8.7.3 CHINA AND JAPAN 374 8.8 SOUTH AMERICA 375 8.8.1 ARGENTINA 375 8.8.2 CHILE 375 8.9 AFRICA 3 ? 6 8.10 EUROPE 378 8.11 NORTH AMERICA 379 8.11.1 MEXICO 379 8.11.2 THE US STANDARD FOR DRINKING WATER 379 8.11.3 SETTING THE US MCL 381 8.11.4 COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS 383 8.11.5 THE MCL REVISITED 385 385 SITED 8-13 THE CANADIAN MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE CONCENTRATION (MAC^ 8-J4 THEO PPORTUM * TSKN ) CK J E L LI _ K 387 EPILOGUE REFERENCES 388 389 SUBJECT INDEX 398
adam_txt	IS ARSENIC AN APHRODISIAC? THE SOCIOCHEMISTRY OF AN ELEMENT WILLIAM R. CULLEN UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, VANCOUVER BC, CANADA RSC PUBLISHING CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 MEDICINAL ARSENIC: TOXIC ARSENIC J.I 1.2 1.3 3.4 3.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 10 11 12 THE ELEMENT MINERAL MEDICINE 1,2.1 THEOPHRASTUS PHIJIPPUS AUREOLUS BOMBASTUS VON HOHENHEIM, AKA PARACELSUS ARSENIC EATERS OF STYRIA FOWLER'S SOLUTION ACUTE PROMYEJOCYTIC LEUKEMIA (APL) THE ORGANOARSENICALS 1.6.1 ROBERT BUNSEN 1.6.2 PAUL EHRLICH 1.6.3 THE GOLDEN AGE OF ORGANOARSENICALS 1.6.4 AFRICAN SLEEPING SICKNESS THE DARKER SIDE: TOXICITY ARSENICOSIS AND CANCER BIOMARKERS 1.9.1 URINE 1.9.2 HAIR 1.9.3 FINGER AND TOE NAILS 1.9.4 SALIVA ANIMAL MODELS CHELATE COMPOUNDS AND CHELATING AGENTS 1.1 (. 1 CHELATION THERAPY SOME HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS 1.12.1 CHARLES DARWIN 1.12.2 KARIN BLIXEN AKA ISAK DINESEN 1 2 6 7 13 20 22 22 24 28 31 33 35 38 38 39 40 40 41 41 43 43 43 46 !S ARSENIC AN APHRODISIAC? THE SOCIOCHEMISTRY OF AN ELEMENT % WJLJJAM R CU\|]EN CO WILLIAM R. CULLEN 2008 IX X CONTENTS 1.12.3 ALEXANDER BORODIN, PROFESSIONAL ORGANIC CHEMIST AND AMATEUR COMPOSER 46 REFERENCES 47 CHAPTER 2 ARSENIC WHERE YOU LEAST EXPECT IT 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 ANIMAL FEED ADDITIVES HEARTWORM PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDES 2.3.1 LEAD AND CALCIUM ARSENATES ARSENIC TRIOXIDE 2.4.1 THE BLACK DEATH WOOD PRESERVATION 2.5.1 CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE (CCA) 2.5.2 DISPOSAL OF TREATED WOOD 2.5.3 ALTERNATIVES TO CCA MONOMETHYLARSONIC ACID AND DIMETHYLARSINIC ACID 2.6.1 USE IN THE USA 2.6.2 CANADA OBPA ARSENIC IN OTHER PRODUCTS AND PROCESSES 2.8.1 IRONITC 2.8.2 GALLIUM ARSENIDE 2.8.3 GLASS MAKING 2.8.4 EMBALMING 2.8.5 TAXIDERMY 2.8.6 PIGMENTS SOME HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS 2.9.1 CLARE BOOTHE LUCE 2.9.2 THE PEAK FAMILY 2.9.3 KING GEORGE ITI REFERENCES 58 60 61 61 63 63 67 67 72 74 75 75 76 78 78 78 79 80 81 85 87 88 88 89 90 92 CHAPTER 3 ARSINE, SEHEELE'S GREEN, GOSIO GAS, AND BEER 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 ARSINE SCHEELE'S GREEN ARSENICAL WALLPAPER 3.3.1 COAL TAR DYES AND THE DECLINE OF ARSENICAL COLOURS MEDICAL PROBLEMS WALLPAPER DUST OR GAS? GOSIO GAS THE REGULATION OF ARSENIC, THE "VERDANT ASSASSIN" OTHER ASSASSINS 99 103 105 106 107 109 110 112 113 CONTENTS X J 3.9 FREDERICK CHALLENGER 115 3.10 THE TOXICITY OF GOSIO GAS 1IX 3.11 SICK-BUILDING SYNDROME? 120 3.12 THE MANCHESTER BEER INCIDENT 120 3.13 AN HISTORICAL CONNECTION. WILLIAM MORRIS 124 REFERENCES 127 CHAPTER 4 ARSENOPHOBIA: A CONNECTION BETWEEN THE DEATHS OF INFANTS AND NAPOLEON I 4.1 SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME 130 4.2 THE TOXIC-GAS HYPOTHESIS 131 4.2.1 THE REACTION 133 4.2.2 THE TURNER COMMISSION 134 4.2.3 THE BACK-TO-SLEEP CAMPAIGN 135 4.3 THE LIMERICK REPORT 3 37 4.3.1 ANTIMONY BIOMETHYLATION 138 4.3.2 REPORT SUMMARY 139 4.4 DR. T. J. SPROTT 140 4.4.1 SHEEP SKINS 141 4.5 OTHER PROPONENTS OF THE TOXIC-GAS HYPOTHESIS 143 4.6 TOXICITY AND RELATED CONSIDERATIONS 144 4.7 THE DEATH O{ NAPOLEON I OF FRANCE 145 4.7.1 WAS IT THE ARSENIC IN THE WALLPAPER? 145 4.7.2 THE AUTOPSY 146 4.7.3 ARSENIC POISONING? 147 4.7.4 THE "REAL" CAUSE OF NAPOLEON'S DEATH 151 4.7.5 WHO DID IT? 152 4.8 SOME ANALYTICAL AND CHEMICAL PROBLEMS 152 4.8.1 THE PRESERVATION OF THE CORPSE 152 4.8.2 THE LETHAL PHASE 153 4.8.3 THE HAIR ANALYSIS 153 4.9 THE OVERALL PICTURE 155 4.9.1 SOURCES OF ARSENIC 157 4.9.2 WINE AND WATER 157 4.9.3 SELF-MEDICATION 158 4.9.4 ARSENICAL SMOKE AND PRESERVATIVES 158 4.9.5 ARSENICAL STRAWS 160 4.10 MEDICAL EVIDENCE L6 REFERENCES '"' CHAPTER 5 ARSENIC AND CRIME: THE LAW OF INTENDED CONSEQUENCES 5.1 INTRODUCTION 166 5.2 ANCIENT TIMES F67 CONTENTS 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 EUROPEAN EXCESS: THE AGE OF ARSENIC 5.3.1 ITALY OF THE BORGIAS AND THE MEDICIS 5.3.2 FRANCE: THE POISONS AFFAIR FORENSIC SCIENCE 5.4.1 MARY BLANDY 5.4.2 JAMES MARSH 5.4.3 MARIE LAFARGE 5.4.4 THE ARSENIC ACT OF 1851 5.4.5 MADELEINE SMITH 5.4.6 THOMAS SMETHURST 5.4.7 FLORENCE MAYBRICK 5.4.8 HERBERT ARMSTRONG 5.4.9 MARIE BESNARD PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS 5.5.1 ARSENIC AND OLD LACE 5.5.2 CRIME FICTION 5.5.3 PORTRAIT OF A POISONER SOME SERIAL KILLERS 5.6.1 MARY ANN COTTON, BRITAIN'S FIRST SERIAL KILLER 5.6.2 THE BLACK WIDOWS OF LIVERPOOL 5.6.3 VERA RENCZI 5.6.4 MADAME POPOVA 5.6.5 JOHANN HOCH 5.6.6 THE ARSENIC GANG 5.6.7 THE GRANDMOTHERS OF NAGYREV 5.6.8 DR. MICHAEL SWANGO 5.6.9 DONALD HARVEY DELIVERY SYSTEMS 5.7.1 FOOD AND DRINK 5.7.2 THE POISONED SHIRT 5.7.3 APPLICATION VIA A PROPHYLACTIC 5.7.4 THE POISONED MAIDEN 5.7.5 THE POISONED RING 5.7.6 THE POISONED CANDLE PUBLIC ARSENIC ATTACKS 5.8.1 JAPANESE CURRY 5.8.2 CAMPUS COFFEE 5.8.3 CHURCH PICNIC TWO ONGOING CASES 5.9.1 A POLITICAL POISONING 5.9.2 CYNTHIA SOMMER BEZOARS, UNICORNS AND FOOD TASTERS SOME HISTORICAL CONNECTIONS 5.11.1 ZACHARY TAYLOR 5.11.2 WOLFGANG AMADEUS MOZART 167 168 170 171 172 173 174 176 178 181 183 185 187 188 189 190 191 192 192 193 194 194 195 195 195 196 197 197 197 198 198 198 199 199 199 199 200 201 202 202 203 205 207 207 208 CONTENTS XIII 5.11.3 PYOTR ILYICH TCHAIKOVSKY 209 REFERENCES TJO CHAPTER 6 ARSENIC AT WAR: MASS MURDER 6.1 INTRODUCTION 215 6.2 THE FIRST CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTIONS 217 6.3 WORLD WAR I: THE GAS WAR ? 17 6.3.1 MUSTARD GAS 221 6.3.2 BLUE CROSS 223 6.3.3 ARSENICAL AGENTS: THE SECOND GENERATION 224 6.3.4 TACTICS OF CHEMICAL WARFARE 225 6.4 THE US ENTERS THE FRAY 226 6.4.1 LEWISITE 227 6.4.2 PHENARSAZINE CHLORIDE 228 6.5 ARSENICAL CHEMICAL-WARFARE AGENTS 232 6.6 CASUALTIES OF THE CHEMICAL WAR 233 6.6.1 THE COMBATANTS 233 6.6.2 CIVILIAN CASUALTIES 234 6.7 THE AFTERMATH 234 6.7.1 THE HUMANE WAR? 234 6.7.2 PUBLIC REACTION 235 6.8 LIVING WITH CHEMICAL WEAPONS 239 6.8.1 THE GENEVA CONVENTION 239 6.8.2 THE GERMAN REACTION 240 6.8.3 SPAIN IN MOROCCO 240 6.8.4 ITALY IN ETHIOPIA (ABYSSINIA) 241 6.8.5 JAPAN IN CHINA 242 6.9 WWII - THE GAS WAR THAT NEVER HAPPENED 244 6.9.1 THE BUILDUP IN EUROPE 244 6.9.2 RUSSIA 245 6.9.3 THE UNITED STATES 245 6.9.4 CANADA 246 6.9.5 THE EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE 250 6.9.6 THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC 251 6.10 HUMAN GUINEA PIGS 252 6.10.1 THE ALLIES 252 6.10.2 JAPAN AND GERMANY 254 6.10.3 THE NUREMBERG CODE OF 1947 AND ITS AFTERMATH 254 6.11 THE VIETNAM WAR 257 6.1 LI AGENT BLUE 257 6.11.2 ADAMSITE AND OTHER TEAR GASES 259 6.11.3 HEALTH EFFECTS 259 6.11.4 THE PUBLIC REACTION 260 6.12 THE CHEMICAL WEAPONS CONVENTION 261 XIV CONTENTS 6.13 THE CLEANUP 263 6.13.1 THE EARLY YEARS 263 6.13.2 POST- WWII 264 6.13.3 JAPAN 266 6.13.4 DOMESTIC OCEAN DUMPING 266 6.14 DISPOSAL OF STOCKPILES 267 6.14.1 RUSSIA 267 6.14.2 UNITED STATES 268 6.15 SOME SPECIAL PROBLEMS 270 6.15.1 MUNSTER, GERMANY 270 6.15.2 SPRING VALLEY, US 271 6.15.3 BOWES MOOR, UK 272 6.15.4 CHINA 272 6.15.5 ALBANIA 273 6.15.6 OTHER RECENT DEPLOYMENTS OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS 274 6.16 CONCLUSIONS 275 REFERENCES 277 CHAPTER 7 ARSENIC AND THE ENVIRONMENT 7.1 INTRODUCTION 287 7.1.1 ARSENIC IN THE ATMOSPHERE 288 7.1.2 ARSENIC IN THE PEDOSPHERE 288 7.1.3 ARSENIC IN THE HYDROSPHERE 288 7.2 ARSENIC IN THE BIOSPHERE 289 7.2.1 ARSENIC IN SEAFOOD 289 7.2.2 ANALYSIS OF ARSENIC SPECIES (SPECIATION) IN LIVING ORGANISMS 290 7.2.3 DISTRIBUTION OF ARSENIC SPECIES IN THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT 294 7.2.4 WHERE DO ARSENOSUGARS AND ARSENOBETAINE COME FROM? 296 7.2.5 ARSENIC ACCUMULATORS AND HYPERACCUMULATORS 299 7.3 ARSENIC IN OUR FOOD AND WATER 300 7.3.1 ESSENTIALITY 301 7.3.2 ARSENIC MARKET BASKETS 302 7.3.3 THE EFFECT OF COOKING 304 7.3.4 MORE ON RICE 304 7.3.5 HIJIKI AND OTHER ALGAL PRODUCTS 305 7.3.6 BOTTLED WATER 308 7.3.7 METABOLITES 310 7.4 BIOAVAILABILITY AND BIOACCESSIBILITY 310 7.4.1 SEQUENTIAL SELECTIVE EXTRACTION (SSE) 312 7.4.2 GASTROINTESTINAL MODELS 312 CONTENTS 7.5 ARSENIC IN THE ANTHROSPHERE 313 7.5.1 GOLD PROSPECTING 314 7.6 ARSENIC TRIOXIDE AND THE GIANT MINE, YELLOWKNIFE NT, CANADA 315 7.6.1 GIANT MINE: AN UNDERGROUND CLEANUP? 317 7.6.2 GIANT MINE: SURFACE CLEANUP 318 7.7 AMERICAN SMELTING AND REFINING COMPANY. ASAREO 319 7.7.1 THE EVERETT AND TACOMA SMELTERS 319 7.7.2 THE GLOBE SMELTER: SOME UNEXPECTED RELIEF 321 7.8 A TRANSBOUNDARY DISPUTE: TECK COMINCO VS. US EPA 321 7.9 MORE WOES 322 7.9.1 SOME OTHER SURFACES AFFECTED BY MINING 322 7.9.2 NICKEL ARSENIDE 323 7.10 ARSENIC IN ENERGY SOURCES 324 7.10.1 COAL 324 7.10.2 ARSENICAL PEPPERS 326 7.10.3 THE OIL SANDS OF ALBERTA 327 7.10.4 THE SYDNEY TAR PONDS: ARSENIC AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL HAMMER 328 7.10.5 CLEANING UP 329 7.10.6 MONITORED NATURAL ATTENUATION 331 7.11 MICROBES AND ARSENIC 332 7.11.1 MORE - BUT VERY SMALL ARSENIC EATERS 333 REFERENCES 339 CHAPTER 8 ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE TO ARSENIC: THE LAW OF UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES 8.1 INTRODUCTION 349 8.2 WEST BENGAL AND BANGLADESH: THE DEVIL'S WATER 350 8.2.1 THE GREEN REVOLUTION 350 8.2.2 BANGLADESH 351 8.2.3 THE AFFECTED 354 8.2.4 WHERE DOES THE BANGLADESH ARSENIC COME FROM? 355 8.3 PROFESSOR DIPANKAR CHAKRABORTI 358 8.3.1 FIELD TESTING KITS 360 8.4 ARSENIC MITIGATION IN BANGLADESH 362 8.4.1 DHAKA, BANGLADESH, JANUARY 2002 362 8.4.2 ARSENIC-MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES 364 8.4.3 VERIFICATION OF MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES 365 8.4.4 THE GRAINGER CHALLENGE PRIZE 367 8.4.5 NANOPARTICLES 369 8.4.6 OTHER ARSENIC-MITIGATION METHODS 369 XVI CONTENTS 8.5 WHERE ARE WE NOW? 370 8.5.1 TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR THE AFFLICTED 370 8.5.2 ARSENIC MITIGATION 371 8.6 TAIWAN 373 8.6.1 SOUTHWESTERN TAIWAN 373 8.6.2 NORTHERN TAIWAN 373 8.7 VIETNAM AND ELSEWHERE IN THE EAST 374 8.7.1 VIETNAM 374 8.7.2 NEPAL 374 8.7.3 CHINA AND JAPAN 374 8.8 SOUTH AMERICA 375 8.8.1 ARGENTINA 375 8.8.2 CHILE 375 8.9 AFRICA 3 ? 6 8.10 EUROPE 378 8.11 NORTH AMERICA 379 8.11.1 MEXICO 379 8.11.2 THE US STANDARD FOR DRINKING WATER 379 8.11.3 SETTING THE US MCL 381 8.11.4 COST/BENEFIT ANALYSIS 383 8.11.5 THE MCL REVISITED 385 385 SITED 8-13 THE CANADIAN MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE CONCENTRATION (MAC^ 8-J4 THEO PPORTUM * TSKN ) CK 'J E L LI _ K 387 EPILOGUE REFERENCES 388 389 SUBJECT INDEX 398
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spelling	Cullen, William R. Verfasser aut Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element William R. Cullen Cambridge Royal Soc. of Chemistry 2008 xvi, 412 S. Ill. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Geschichte 1000 v. Ch.-2000 gnd rswk-swf Arsenic / History Arsenic / Toxicology Geschichte Arsenic History Arsenic Toxicology Arsenic history Arsenic toxicity Arsen (DE-588)4003041-6 gnd rswk-swf Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd rswk-swf Arsen (DE-588)4003041-6 s Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 s Geschichte 1000 v. Ch.-2000 z b DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016523300&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Cullen, William R. Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element Arsenic / History Arsenic / Toxicology Geschichte Arsenic History Arsenic Toxicology Arsenic history Arsenic toxicity Arsen (DE-588)4003041-6 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4003041-6 (DE-588)4125698-0
title	Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element
title_auth	Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element
title_exact_search	Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element
title_exact_search_txtP	Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element
title_full	Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element William R. Cullen
title_fullStr	Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element William R. Cullen
title_full_unstemmed	Is arsenic an aphrodisiac? the sociochemistry of an element William R. Cullen
title_short	Is arsenic an aphrodisiac?
title_sort	is arsenic an aphrodisiac the sociochemistry of an element
title_sub	the sociochemistry of an element
topic	Arsenic / History Arsenic / Toxicology Geschichte Arsenic History Arsenic Toxicology Arsenic history Arsenic toxicity Arsen (DE-588)4003041-6 gnd Kultur (DE-588)4125698-0 gnd
topic_facet	Arsenic / History Arsenic / Toxicology Geschichte Arsenic History Arsenic Toxicology Arsenic history Arsenic toxicity Arsen Kultur
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