Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States: a comparative analysis
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Antwerpen [u.a.]
Intersentia
2007
|
| Edition: | 2. ed. |
| Series: | Ius commune europaeum
68 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | At foot of t.p.: METRO Includes bibliographical references |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 419 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9789050957205 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States |b a comparative analysis |c ed.: René Seerden |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Antwerpen [u.a.] |b Intersentia |c 2007 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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EDITOR: RENE SEERDEN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, ITS
MEMBER STATES AND THE UNITED STATES A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS SECOND
EDITION INTERSENTIA METRO TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD TO THE FIRST
EDITION V FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION VII LIST OF AUTHORS XXI
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 1 SABIEN LUST ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN BELGIUM 5 1.
INTRODUCTION 5 1.1. WHAT IS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? 5 1.2. (THE USE OF)
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS 9 1.2.1. INTRODUCTION: THE PLACE OF THE EXECUTIVE
IN THE BELGIAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM 9 1.2.2. THE ACTIONS OF THE
ADMINISTRATION 10 2. WHO HAS ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS? 12 2.1. THE CENTRAL
AUTHORITIES 13 2.1.1. THE FEDERAL CENTRAL AUTHORITIES 13 2.1.2. THE
CENTRAL AUTHORITIES OF THE COMMUNITIES AND THE REGIONS 14 2.2.
DECENTRALIZATION AND DECONCENTRATION 15 2.2.1. TERRITORIAL
DECENTRALIZATION 16 2.2.2. FUNCTIONAL DECENTRALIZATION 18 2.2.3.
DECONCENTRATION 19 3. WHAT ARE THE INSTRUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE
ADMINISTRATION? 20 3.1. THE FEDERAL CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION 20 3.2. THE
ADMINISTRATION OF THE COMMUNITIES AND THE REGIONS 24 3.3. THE
TERRITORIALLY DECENTRALIZED OR LOCAL AUTHORITIES 25 3.4. THE
FUNCTIONALLY DECENTRALIZED AUTHORITIES 26 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. WHAT ARE
THE NORMS WITH WHICH THE ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES HAVE TO COMPLY? 26
4.1. HIERARCHY OF NORMS 26 4.2. THE PRINCIPLES OF PROPER ADMINISTRATION
28 4.2.1. FORMAL PRINCIPLES OF PROPER ADMINISTRATION 28 4.2.2. MATERIAL
PRINCIPLES OF PROPER ADMINISTRATION 30 5. MEANS OF ADMINISTRATIVE
ENFORCEMENT 32 5.1. THE ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW THROUGH CIVIL
LAW 32 5.2. THE ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW THROUGH CRIMINAL LAW
32 5.3. THE ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW THROUGH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
32 6. WHAT LEGAL PROTECTION IS THERE AGAINST ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION? 33
6.1. POLITICAL LEGAL PROTECTION 34 6.2. ADMINISTRATIVE LEGAL PROTECTION
35 6.3. JUDICIAL PROTECTION 38 6.3.1. JUDICIAL PROTECTION BY THE
ORDINARY COURTS AND TRIBUNALS 40 6.3.2. JUDICIAL PROTECTION THROUGH
ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTIONS 44 6.3.2.1. THE POWER TO ANNUL NON-JUDICIAL
ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS 45 6.3.2.2. THE COUNCIL OF STATE AS
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPREME COURT 51 6.3.2.3. THE COUNCIL OF STATE AS COURT
OF FULL JURISDICTION 51 6.3.2.4. THE AWARD OF EXTRA-ORDINARY DAMAGES 52
7. CONCLUSION 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY 59 WEBSITES 60 JEAN-BERNARD AUBY AND LUCIE
CLUZEL-METAYER ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN FRANCE 61 1. DEFINITION AND SCOPE
OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 61 1.1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 61 1.2. SCOPE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. MATTERS SUBMITTED TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. 62 2.
LEGAL DESIGN OF THE ADMINISTRATION 63 2.1. PUBLIC LEGAL PERSONS AND
PUBLIC ORGANS 63 2.2. LEGAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE STATE 64 2.3. LOCAL
GOVERNMENT 65 3. SUBSTANCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS. ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS
67 3.1. PUBLIC POWERS 67 3.1.1. ENFORCEMENT 71 3.2. ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTRACTS 72 4. ADMINISTRATIVE NORMS. ADMINISTRATIVE LEGALITY 74 4.1.
HIERARCHY OF NORMS 74 4.2. CONSTITUTIONAL RULES 75 4.3. INTERNATIONAL
RULES 75 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4. LEGALITY 77 5. ADMINISTRATIVE
LITIGATION. PROTECTION OF THE CITIZENS AGAINST THE ADMINISTRATION 78
5.1. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COURTS 78 5.2. JURISDICTION OF
ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS 80 5.3. STANDING 84 5.4. GROUNDS OF REVIEW 86 5.5.
ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITY 87 6. CONCLUSION 91 BIBLIOGRAPHY 92 WEBSITES 92
MEINHARD SCHRODER ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN GERMANY 93 1. INTRODUCTION 93
1.1. THE CONCEPT OF ADMINISTRATION 93 1.2. ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE
GOVERNANCE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 95 1.3. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
VERSUS SPECIFIC AREAS OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 97 1.4. PUBLIC LAW VERSUS
PRIVATE LAW 97 1.5. THE SOURCES OF LAW 98 1.6. FUNDAMENTALS OF
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 100 2. ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION 101 2.1. GENERAL
STRUCTURE OF FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION (BUNDESVERWALTUNG) 102 2.2. GENERAL
STRUCTURE OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE STATES (LANDESVERWALTUNGEN) 103
2.3. ADMINISTRATION ON BEHALF OF THE FEDERATION
(BUNDESAUFTRNGSVENVALTUNG) 104 2.4. JOINT ADMINISTRATIVE
RESPONSIBILITIES (VERWALTUNG VON GEMEINSDWFTSAUFGABEN) 105 2.5.
MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION (SELBSTVENVALTUNG) 105 3. FORMS OF ACTION OF
THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 108 3.1. ADMINISTRATIVE ACT (VENOALTUNGSAKI)
109 3.1.1. ACCORDING TO THE SUBJECT-MATTER ILL 3.1.2. ACCORDING TO THE
CONSEQUENCES ILL 3.1.3. ACCORDING TO THE LEGAL LIMITS ON THE
ADMINISTRATOR 112 3.2. STATUTORY ORDER (RECHTSVERORDNUNG) 112 3.3.
BY-LAW (SATZUNG) 113 3.4. GUIDANCE (EINZELWEISUNG) 113 3.5.
ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATION (VERWALHINGSVORSCHRIFT) 113 3.6.
ADMINISTRATIVE PLANNING (FINN) 114 3.7. REAL ACT OR SIMPLE SOVEREIGN
ACTION (REALAKT/SCHLICHTE VENVALTUNGSLUINDELN) 115 TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.8. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACT (VERUMLTUNGSVERTRNG) 116 3.9.
ADMINISTRATIVE PRIVATE LAW ACTS (PRIVATRECHTLICHE HANDLUNGSFORMEN) 119
4. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 119 4.1. MATERIAL AND PROCEDURAL RULES 120
4.1.1. SUBSTANTIVE PRINCIPLES 120 4.1.1.1. THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY OF
THE ADMINISTRATION (GESETZMAFIIGKEIT) 120 4.1.1.2. EQUALITY
(GLEICHMTSGRUNDSATZ) 120 4.1.1.3. PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY
{GRUNDSATZ DER VERMLTNISMAFIIGKEIT) 121 4.1.1.4. LEGAL PROTECTION FOR
BONA FIDE ACTS (VERTRAUENSSCHUTZ) 121 4.1.1.5. PRINCIPLE OF ECONOMY
(GRUNDSATZ DER WIRTSCHAFTLICHKEIT) 122 4.1.2. PROCEDURAL PRINCIPLES 122
4.2. THE INFORMAL PROCEDURE 122 4.2.1. BEGINNING OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCEDURE 123 4.2.2. ADMINISTRATIVE PROGRESS 123 4.2.3. TERMINATION OF
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 124 4.3. SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS
124 4.3.1. FORMAL PROCEDURE (FORMLICHES VERFAHREN) 124 4.3.2. PLANNING
PROCEDURE (PLANFESTSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN) 125 4.3.3. APPEAL PROCEDURE
(RECHTSBEHELFSVERFAHREN) 125 4.4. THE PARTICIPANTS AND THEIR RIGHTS 125
4.4.1. THE PARTICIPANTS 125 4.4.2. HEARING OF THE PARTICIPANTS
(ANHORUNGSPFLICHT) 126 4.4.3. DUTY TO GIVE INFORMATION AND ADVICE
(AUSKUNFTSRECHT) 126 4.5. CONSEQUENCES OF A DEFECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCEDURE 127 4.5.1. INVALIDITY (NULLITY) OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE ACT 127
4.5.2. APPEALABILITY (VOIDABILITY) OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE ACT 127 4.5.3.
CURING OF DEFECTS 128 4.5.4. IRRELEVANCE OF DEFECTS 128 4.5.5.
RE-INTERPRETATION (UMDEUTUNG) OF AN ILLEGAL ADMINISTRATIVE ACT 128 5.
THE BASIS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS 128 5.1. HOW
INTENSIVE IS REVIEW BY THE COURTS? 129 5.2. OVERVIEW OF THE JUDICIAL
SYSTEM AND ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS 131 5.3. CONDITIONS FOR JUDICIAL RELIEF
135 5.3.1. SCOPE OF ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION (ZUSTIINDIGKEIT) 135
5.3.2. PARTICIPANTS (BETEILIGTE) 135 5.3.3. FORMS OF SUITS (STATTHAFTE
KLAGEART) 136 5.3.4. RIGHT OF ACTION {KLAGEBEFUGNIS) 138 5.3.5.
OBJECTION (WIDERSPRUCH) 138 5.3.6. TIME LIMIT (FRIST) 139 5.3.7. ABSENCE
OF SUB-JUSTICE (RECHTSSCHUTZBEDURFNIS) 140 5.4. RULES GOVERNING COURT
PROCEDURE 140 5.5. COURT DECISIONS AND REMEDIES 141 5.5.1. COURT
DECISIONS 141 5.5.2. REMEDIES 141 5.6. INTERIM RELIEF 142 XN TABLE OF
CONTENTS 6. ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 143 6.1. INTRODUCTION 143
6.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 143 6.3. MAIN PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE
ENFORCEMENT 143 6.3.1. EXECUTION OF MONEY CLAIMS (BEITREIBUNGSVERFNHREN)
144 6.3.2. ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS 144 6.3.2.1. GENERAL
PREMISES OF ENFORCEMENT 144 6.3.2.2. PROCEEDINGS 145 6.3.2.3. THE MEANS
OF COERCION (ZWANGSMITTEL) 145 6.3.2.4. EXECUTION BY SUBSTITUTION OR
SUBSTITUTE PERFORMANCE (ERSATZVORNAHME, §10VWVG) 145 6.3.2.5. PENALTY
PAYMENT (ZWANGSGELD, § 11 VWVG) 145 6.3.2.6. IMMEDIATE CONSTRAINT
(UNMITTELBARER ZWANG, § 12 VWVG) 146 6.4. LEGAL PROTECTION BY JUDGEMENT
OR BY OBJECTION 146 6.5. INTERIM RELIEF 147 7. STATE LIABILITY AND
RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION 147 7.1. SOURCES AND PRINCIPLES 147 7.2. § 839
BURGERLICHES GESETZBUCH/ ARTICLE 34 OF THE BASIC LAW (AMTSLIAFTUNG) AND
ITS REQUIREMENTS 147 7.2.1. CIVIL SERVANT (BEAMTER) 147 7.2.2. BREACH OF
OFFICIAL DUTY (AMTSPFLICHTVERLETZUNG) 148 7.2.3. FAULT (VERSCHULDEN) 148
7.2.4. DAMAGE (SCHADEN) 148 7.3. EC LAW ASPECTS 148 7.4. COMPENSATION
FOR EXPROPRIATORY ACTION 148 7.5. COMPENSATION FOR NON-PECUNIARY
INFRINGEMENTS 149 7.6. OTHER CLAIMS 149 7.7. LEGAL PROTECTION 150 8.
RECENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 150 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 151
BIBLIOGRAPHY 152 WEBSITES 153 RENE SEERDEN AND FRITS STROINK
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE NETHERLANDS 155 1. INTRODUCTION 155 1.1. WHAT
IS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? 155 1.2. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ACT (ALGEMENE
WET BESTUURSRECHT, AWB) 157 1.3. (THE USE OF) ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS 159
2. WHO HAS ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS? 161 2.1. ORGANS AND LEGAL PERSONS 161
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.2. DECENTRALIZATION VERSUS DECONCENTRATION AND
INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANS 164 3. WHAT INSTRUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE
TO THE ADMINISTRATION? 165 3.1. ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS GOVERNED BY
PUBLIC LAW (BESLUITEN) 165 3.2. ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS GOVERNED BY
PUBLIC LAW IN INDIVIDUAL CASES (BESCHIKKINGERI) 167 3.3. DECISIONS OF A
GENERAL IMPORT (BESLUITEN VAN ALGEMENE STREKKING) 170 3.4. USE OF
PRIVATE LAW BY THE ADMINISTRATION 172 4. WHAT ARE THE NORMS WITH WHICH
THE ADMINISTRATION HAS TO COMPLY? 175 4.1. INTRODUCTION: HIERARCHY OF
NORMS 175 4.2. PRINCIPLES OF PROPER ADMINISTRATION (ALGEMENE BEGINSELEN
VAN BEHOORLIJK BESTUUR, ABBB) 178 4.2.1. DUE CARE 178 4.2.2. SPECIFICITY
178 4.2.3. PROPORTIONALITY 179 4.2.4. REASONING 179 4.2.5. GOOD FAITH,
LEGAL CERTAINTY AND EQUALITY 179 4.3. PROCEDURES OF DECISION-MAKING 181
5. WHAT LEGAL PROTECTION IS THERE AGAINST ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION? 182
5.1. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 182 5.2. ACCESS TO THE COURTS 184 5.2.1.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 184 5.2.2. PRESENT COURT SYSTEM 187 5.3. APPEAL
TO THE DISTRICT COURT 191 5.3.1. RIGHT TO APPEAL 191 5.3.2. RIGHT TO
PROVISIONAL RULING (INTERIM RELIEF) 191 5.3.3. INTERESTED PARTIES 192
5.4. PROCEEDINGS AT THE DISTRICT COURT 192 5.5. JUDICIAL
DISPUTE-SETTLEMENT POWERS 196 5.6. COMPLAINTS AT THE (NATIONAL)
OMBUDSMAN 199 5.7. THE CROWN 201 6. ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
201 6.1. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT 201 6.2. CIVIL LAW ENFORCEMENT
204 6.3. PENAL LAW ENFORCEMENT 206 6.4. CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT BY
ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES 207 7. COMPENSATION FOR (UN)LAWFUL ACTIONS OF
THE ADMINISTRATION (FINANCIAL LIABILITY) 208 7.1. COMPENSATION FOR
UNLAWFUL ACTIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION 208 7.2. COMPENSATION FOR LAWFUL
ACTIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION 209 8. CONCLUSION 210 BIBLIOGRAPHY 211 XIV
TABLE OF CONTENTS WEBSITES 213 ANNEX: KEY PROVISIONS GENERAL
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ACT (ALGEMENE WET BESTUURSRECHT) 214 KATHARINE
THOMPSON AND BRIAN JONES ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 221 1.
INTRODUCTION 221 1.1. WHAT IS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? 221 1.2. THE
CONSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT 222 1.2.1. TERMINOLOGY 222 1.2.2. SUPREMACY OF
PARLIAMENT 223 1.2.3. HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 1998 225 1.2.4. SUPREMACY AND THE
EU 226 1.2.5. SEPARATION OF POWERS 227 1.2.6. THE 'RULE OF LAW' 227
1.2.7. ROYAL PREROGATIVE 228 2. THE DISTRIBUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE
POWERS 228 2.1. INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT 228 3. HOW ARE ADMINISTRATIVE
DECISIONS MADE? 232 3.1. SOURCES OF POWER 233 3.1.1. PARLIAMENTARY
LEGISLATION 233 3.1.2. DELEGATED LEGISLATION 233 3.2. INQUIRIES 236 3.3.
INSPECTIONS 238 3.4. LICENSING 239 3.5. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND OPEN
GOVERNMENT 240 3.6. THE USE OF PRIVATE LAW BY THE ADMINISTRATION 241
3.6.1. CONTRACTUAL POWERS 241 3.6.2. ENFORCEMENT OF STANDARDS 242 4. NON
JUDICIAL REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES 245 4.1. OMBUDSMEN 245 4.2. TRIBUNALS 247
5. JUDICIAL REVIEW 250 5.1. GENERAL POINTS 250 5.2. FILING A CLAIM FOR
JUDICIAL REVIEW 253 5.3. STANDING 254 5.4. PUBLIC/PRIVATE DIVIDE 256
5.5. EXCEPTIONS TO 'PROCEDURAL EXCLUSIVITY' 259 5.6. MATTERS WHICH ARE
NOT REVIEWABLE 260 5.7. LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS 261 5.8. GROUNDS FOR
JUDICIAL REVIEW 263 5.8.1. ILLEGALITY 263 5.8.2. IRRATIONALITY 265 XV I
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.8.3. PROCEDURAL IMPROPRIETY 269 6. LIABILITY OF
PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 274 7. CONCLUSION 277 BIBLIOGRAPHY 278 ANNEX: CIVIL
PROCEDURE RULES PART 54 281 ROB WIDDERSHOVEN EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
289 1. INTRODUCTION 289 1.1. WHAT IS EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? 289
1.2. LEADING PRINCIPLES OF THE EUROPEAN LEGAL ORDER 290 1.2.1. PRINCIPLE
OF SUPREMACY 290 1.2.2. PRINCIPLE OF LOYAL COOPERATION 291 1.2.3.
PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY 292 1.3. EUROPEAN CONSTRAINTS ON NATIONAL
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: EQUIVALENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS 292 1.4. THE USE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS IN THE EUROPEAN LEGAL ORDER 293 1.4.1. COMMUNITY
LEVEL 293 1.4.2. NATIONAL LEVEL 295 2. WHO HAS ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS 295
2.1. THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION 295 2.2.
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 296 2.3. NATIONAL
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS IN THE EUROPEAN LEGAL ORDER 298 3. WHAT
INSTRUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE ADMINISTRATION? 300 3.1. LEGAL
INSTRUMENTS AT THE EC LEVEL 300 3.1.1. REGULATIONS 300 3.1.2. DIRECTIVES
300 3.1.3. DECISIONS 302 3.1.4. COMMUNITY SOFT LAW INSTRUMENTS 303 3.2.
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 304 3.3. THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT
EFFECT OF COMMUNITY LAW 305 3.3.1. DIRECT EFFECT 305 3.3.2. INDIRECT
EFFECT 307 4. HOW IS EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ENFORCED? 308 4.1.
INTRODUCTION 308 4.2. JUDGE-MADE RULES FOR NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT OF EC
LAW 309 4.3. LEGISLATIVE MEASURES CONCERNING NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT OF
COMMUNITY LAW 312 5. WHAT ARE THE NORMS WITH WHICH THE ADMINISTRATION
HAS TO COMPLY? 314 5.1. INTRODUCTION 314 5.2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY LAW: GENERAL ASPECTS 315 XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.3.
PROPORTIONALITY 316 5.4. EQUALITY 318 5.5. THE RIGHT OF DEFENCE 319 5.6.
THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS 320 5.7. OTHER GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF EC LAW 322 6. WHAT LEGAL PROTECTION IS THERE AGAINST
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION? 323 6.1. EFFECTIVE JUDICIAL PROTECTION AGAINST
SHARED GOVERNMENT 323 6.2. REMEDIES AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL 324 6.2.1.
THE COURT OF JUSTICE AND THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE 324 6.2.2. REVIEW
OF LEGALITY 325 6.2.2.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 325 6.2.2.2. STANDING AS
FAR AS INDIVIDUALS ARE CONCERNED 325 6.2.2.3. INTERFERENCE WITH REMEDIES
AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 327 6.3. REMEDIES AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 328 6.3.1.
PRELIMINARY RULINGS 328 6.3.1.1. INTRODUCTION 328 6.3.1.2. DISCRETION OR
OBLIGATION TO REFER TO THE ECJ 329 6.3.1.3. PROCEDURAL ASPECTS 330
6.3.2. EFFECTIVE JUDICIAL PROTECTION IN THE MEMBER STATES 331 6.3.2.1.
ACCESS TO A COURT 331 6.3.2.2. INTERIM RELIEF 332 6.3.3. APPLICATION OF
NATIONAL PROCEDURAL LAW IN COMMUNITY MATTERS 334 7. NON-CONTRACTUAL
LIABILITY 336 7.1. INTRODUCTION 336 7.2. NON-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY OF
THE COMMUNITY 337 7.3. MEMBER STATE LIABILITY 338 8. CONCLUSION 341
BIBLIOGRAPHY 343 WEBSITES 346 ANNEX:KEY PROVISIONS EC TREATY 347 PHILIP
HARTER ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE UNITED STATES 351 1. WHAT IS
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE UNITED STATES? 351 1.1. WHAT IS ADMINISTRATIVE
LAW? 351 1.2. THE ROLE OF AGENCIES 352 1.3. BRIEF HISTORY OF
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 353 2. THE CONSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE 355 2.1. CONGRESS
355 2.2. THE PRESIDENT 355 2.3. COURTS 357 2.4. SEPARATION OF POWERS
GENERALLY 359 XV II TABLE OF CONTENTS 3. THE AMERICAN ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCESS 360 3.1. ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION 360 3.2. OPEN GOVERNMENT 361
3.3. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT 362 3.4. ADJUDICATION VERSUS RULEMAKING
363 3.5. RULEMAKING 365 3.6. NON-LEGISLATIVE RULES, POLICY STATEMENTS,
AND GUIDELINES 369 3.7. ADJUDICATION UNDER THE APA 370 3.8. AGENCY
DISCRETION IN RULEMAKING AND ADJUDICATION 372 3.8.1. CHOICE OF PROCESS
373 3.8.2. RELATIONSHIP OF RULES TO ADJUDICATION 373 3.9. ALTERNATIVE
DISPUTE RESOLUTION 373 3.10. DUE PROCESS AND INFORMAL ADJUDICATION 374
4. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION 375 4.1. AVAILABILITY OF
JUDICIAL REVIEW 375 4.2. STANDING 376 4.3. TIMING OF JUDICIAL REVIEW 377
4.3.1. RIPENESS 377 4.3.2. EXHAUSTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES 378
4.3.3. FINALITY 378 4.3.4. SCOPE OF REVIEW 379 4.3.5. REVIEW OF THE
FACTS 379 4.3.6. REVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY 380 5. NON-JUDICIAL MEANS OF
ACCOUNTABILITY 383 5.1. OVERSIGHT HEARINGS 383 5.2. 'OMBUDS' 383 5.2.1.
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 384 5.2.2. CONGRESSIONAL 'CASEWORK' 385
5.2.3. INSPECTORS GENERAL 385 5.2.4. PROGRAMMATIC OMBUDS 385 5.3. THE
WHITE HOUSE 385 6. MEANS OF ENFORCEMENT 386 6.1. REMEDIAL ACTION 386
6.2. MONETARY PENALTIES 386 6.3. CRIMINAL SANCTIONS 387 6.4. CONTRACTS:
GETTING MORE BY REQUIRING LESS 388 6.5. COMMON LAW 390 7. ROLE OF
PRIVATE PARTIES IN FORCING AND ENFORCING GOVERNMENT DUTIES 390 7.1.
ADOPTION OF RULES 390 7.2. RAISING ISSUES IN ADJUDICATORY PROCEEDINGS
391 7.3. FORCING AN ENFORCEMENT ACTION 391 7.4. CITIZEN SUITS TO ENFORCE
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE 391 7.5. THE ROLE OF PRIVATE LAW 392 7.6.
REGULATORY TAKINGS 393 XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 8. REVIEW AND PROGNOSIS
394 BIBLIOGRAPHY 397 RENE SEERDEN COMPARATIVE REMARKS 401 1.
INTRODUCTION 401 2. COMPARATIVE REMARKS 402 2.1. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 402
2.2. THE ADMINISTRATION 403 2.3. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS 405 2.4. RULES AND
PRINCIPLES 406 2.5. ACCESS TO COURT AND (PRIOR) OUT-OF-COURT PROCEEDINGS
407 2.6. ENFORCEMENT BY THE ADMINISTRATION 416 2.7. FINANCIAL LIABILITY
OF THE ADMINISTRATION 417 2.8. DEVELOPMENTS AND CONCLUSION 418 |
| adam_txt |
EDITOR: RENE SEERDEN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN UNION, ITS
MEMBER STATES AND THE UNITED STATES A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS SECOND
EDITION INTERSENTIA METRO TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD TO THE FIRST
EDITION V FOREWORD TO THE SECOND EDITION VII LIST OF AUTHORS XXI
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 1 SABIEN LUST ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN BELGIUM 5 1.
INTRODUCTION 5 1.1. WHAT IS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? 5 1.2. (THE USE OF)
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS 9 1.2.1. INTRODUCTION: THE PLACE OF THE EXECUTIVE
IN THE BELGIAN CONSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM 9 1.2.2. THE ACTIONS OF THE
ADMINISTRATION 10 2. WHO HAS ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS? 12 2.1. THE CENTRAL
AUTHORITIES 13 2.1.1. THE FEDERAL CENTRAL AUTHORITIES 13 2.1.2. THE
CENTRAL AUTHORITIES OF THE COMMUNITIES AND THE REGIONS 14 2.2.
DECENTRALIZATION AND DECONCENTRATION 15 2.2.1. TERRITORIAL
DECENTRALIZATION 16 2.2.2. FUNCTIONAL DECENTRALIZATION 18 2.2.3.
DECONCENTRATION 19 3. WHAT ARE THE INSTRUMENTS AVAILABLE TO THE
ADMINISTRATION? 20 3.1. THE FEDERAL CENTRAL ADMINISTRATION 20 3.2. THE
ADMINISTRATION OF THE COMMUNITIES AND THE REGIONS 24 3.3. THE
TERRITORIALLY DECENTRALIZED OR LOCAL AUTHORITIES 25 3.4. THE
FUNCTIONALLY DECENTRALIZED AUTHORITIES 26 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4. WHAT ARE
THE NORMS WITH WHICH THE ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES HAVE TO COMPLY? 26
4.1. HIERARCHY OF NORMS 26 4.2. THE PRINCIPLES OF PROPER ADMINISTRATION
28 4.2.1. FORMAL PRINCIPLES OF PROPER ADMINISTRATION 28 4.2.2. MATERIAL
PRINCIPLES OF PROPER ADMINISTRATION 30 5. MEANS OF ADMINISTRATIVE
ENFORCEMENT 32 5.1. THE ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW THROUGH CIVIL
LAW 32 5.2. THE ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW THROUGH CRIMINAL LAW
32 5.3. THE ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW THROUGH ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
32 6. WHAT LEGAL PROTECTION IS THERE AGAINST ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION? 33
6.1. POLITICAL LEGAL PROTECTION 34 6.2. ADMINISTRATIVE LEGAL PROTECTION
35 6.3. JUDICIAL PROTECTION 38 6.3.1. JUDICIAL PROTECTION BY THE
ORDINARY COURTS AND TRIBUNALS 40 6.3.2. JUDICIAL PROTECTION THROUGH
ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTIONS 44 6.3.2.1. THE POWER TO ANNUL NON-JUDICIAL
ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS 45 6.3.2.2. THE COUNCIL OF STATE AS
ADMINISTRATIVE SUPREME COURT 51 6.3.2.3. THE COUNCIL OF STATE AS COURT
OF FULL JURISDICTION 51 6.3.2.4. THE AWARD OF EXTRA-ORDINARY DAMAGES 52
7. CONCLUSION 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY 59 WEBSITES 60 JEAN-BERNARD AUBY AND LUCIE
CLUZEL-METAYER ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN FRANCE 61 1. DEFINITION AND SCOPE
OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 61 1.1. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 61 1.2. SCOPE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. MATTERS SUBMITTED TO ADMINISTRATIVE LAW. 62 2.
LEGAL DESIGN OF THE ADMINISTRATION 63 2.1. PUBLIC LEGAL PERSONS AND
PUBLIC ORGANS 63 2.2. LEGAL ARRANGEMENT OF THE STATE 64 2.3. LOCAL
GOVERNMENT 65 3. SUBSTANCE OF ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS. ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS
67 3.1. PUBLIC POWERS 67 3.1.1. ENFORCEMENT 71 3.2. ADMINISTRATIVE
CONTRACTS 72 4. ADMINISTRATIVE NORMS. ADMINISTRATIVE LEGALITY 74 4.1.
HIERARCHY OF NORMS 74 4.2. CONSTITUTIONAL RULES 75 4.3. INTERNATIONAL
RULES 75 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.4. LEGALITY 77 5. ADMINISTRATIVE
LITIGATION. PROTECTION OF THE CITIZENS AGAINST THE ADMINISTRATION 78
5.1. THE ORGANIZATION OF THE COURTS 78 5.2. JURISDICTION OF
ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS 80 5.3. STANDING 84 5.4. GROUNDS OF REVIEW 86 5.5.
ADMINISTRATIVE LIABILITY 87 6. CONCLUSION 91 BIBLIOGRAPHY 92 WEBSITES 92
MEINHARD SCHRODER ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN GERMANY 93 1. INTRODUCTION 93
1.1. THE CONCEPT OF ADMINISTRATION 93 1.2. ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE
GOVERNANCE OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW 95 1.3. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
VERSUS SPECIFIC AREAS OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 97 1.4. PUBLIC LAW VERSUS
PRIVATE LAW 97 1.5. THE SOURCES OF LAW 98 1.6. FUNDAMENTALS OF
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 100 2. ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANIZATION 101 2.1. GENERAL
STRUCTURE OF FEDERAL ADMINISTRATION (BUNDESVERWALTUNG) 102 2.2. GENERAL
STRUCTURE OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE STATES (LANDESVERWALTUNGEN) 103
2.3. ADMINISTRATION ON BEHALF OF THE FEDERATION
(BUNDESAUFTRNGSVENVALTUNG) 104 2.4. JOINT ADMINISTRATIVE
RESPONSIBILITIES (VERWALTUNG VON GEMEINSDWFTSAUFGABEN) 105 2.5.
MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION (SELBSTVENVALTUNG) 105 3. FORMS OF ACTION OF
THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 108 3.1. ADMINISTRATIVE ACT (VENOALTUNGSAKI)
109 3.1.1. ACCORDING TO THE SUBJECT-MATTER ILL 3.1.2. ACCORDING TO THE
CONSEQUENCES ILL 3.1.3. ACCORDING TO THE LEGAL LIMITS ON THE
ADMINISTRATOR 112 3.2. STATUTORY ORDER (RECHTSVERORDNUNG) 112 3.3.
BY-LAW (SATZUNG) 113 3.4. GUIDANCE (EINZELWEISUNG) 113 3.5.
ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATION (VERWALHINGSVORSCHRIFT) 113 3.6.
ADMINISTRATIVE PLANNING (FINN) 114 3.7. REAL ACT OR SIMPLE SOVEREIGN
ACTION (REALAKT/SCHLICHTE VENVALTUNGSLUINDELN) 115 TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.8. ADMINISTRATIVE CONTRACT (VERUMLTUNGSVERTRNG) 116 3.9.
ADMINISTRATIVE PRIVATE LAW ACTS (PRIVATRECHTLICHE HANDLUNGSFORMEN) 119
4. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 119 4.1. MATERIAL AND PROCEDURAL RULES 120
4.1.1. SUBSTANTIVE PRINCIPLES 120 4.1.1.1. THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGALITY OF
THE ADMINISTRATION (GESETZMAFIIGKEIT) 120 4.1.1.2. EQUALITY
(GLEICHMTSGRUNDSATZ) 120 4.1.1.3. PRINCIPLE OF PROPORTIONALITY
{GRUNDSATZ DER VERMLTNISMAFIIGKEIT) 121 4.1.1.4. LEGAL PROTECTION FOR
BONA FIDE ACTS (VERTRAUENSSCHUTZ) 121 4.1.1.5. PRINCIPLE OF ECONOMY
(GRUNDSATZ DER WIRTSCHAFTLICHKEIT) 122 4.1.2. PROCEDURAL PRINCIPLES 122
4.2. THE INFORMAL PROCEDURE 122 4.2.1. BEGINNING OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCEDURE 123 4.2.2. ADMINISTRATIVE PROGRESS 123 4.2.3. TERMINATION OF
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 124 4.3. SPECIAL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS
124 4.3.1. FORMAL PROCEDURE (FORMLICHES VERFAHREN) 124 4.3.2. PLANNING
PROCEDURE (PLANFESTSTELLUNGSVERFAHREN) 125 4.3.3. APPEAL PROCEDURE
(RECHTSBEHELFSVERFAHREN) 125 4.4. THE PARTICIPANTS AND THEIR RIGHTS 125
4.4.1. THE PARTICIPANTS 125 4.4.2. HEARING OF THE PARTICIPANTS
(ANHORUNGSPFLICHT) 126 4.4.3. DUTY TO GIVE INFORMATION AND ADVICE
(AUSKUNFTSRECHT) 126 4.5. CONSEQUENCES OF A DEFECTIVE ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCEDURE 127 4.5.1. INVALIDITY (NULLITY) OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE ACT 127
4.5.2. APPEALABILITY (VOIDABILITY) OF AN ADMINISTRATIVE ACT 127 4.5.3.
CURING OF DEFECTS 128 4.5.4. IRRELEVANCE OF DEFECTS 128 4.5.5.
RE-INTERPRETATION (UMDEUTUNG) OF AN ILLEGAL ADMINISTRATIVE ACT 128 5.
THE BASIS OF JUDICIAL REVIEW IN ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS 128 5.1. HOW
INTENSIVE IS REVIEW BY THE COURTS? 129 5.2. OVERVIEW OF THE JUDICIAL
SYSTEM AND ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS 131 5.3. CONDITIONS FOR JUDICIAL RELIEF
135 5.3.1. SCOPE OF ADMINISTRATIVE JURISDICTION (ZUSTIINDIGKEIT) 135
5.3.2. PARTICIPANTS (BETEILIGTE) 135 5.3.3. FORMS OF SUITS (STATTHAFTE
KLAGEART) 136 5.3.4. RIGHT OF ACTION {KLAGEBEFUGNIS) 138 5.3.5.
OBJECTION (WIDERSPRUCH) 138 5.3.6. TIME LIMIT (FRIST) 139 5.3.7. ABSENCE
OF SUB-JUSTICE (RECHTSSCHUTZBEDURFNIS) 140 5.4. RULES GOVERNING COURT
PROCEDURE 140 5.5. COURT DECISIONS AND REMEDIES 141 5.5.1. COURT
DECISIONS 141 5.5.2. REMEDIES 141 5.6. INTERIM RELIEF 142 XN TABLE OF
CONTENTS 6. ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 143 6.1. INTRODUCTION 143
6.2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK 143 6.3. MAIN PRINCIPLES OF ADMINISTRATIVE
ENFORCEMENT 143 6.3.1. EXECUTION OF MONEY CLAIMS (BEITREIBUNGSVERFNHREN)
144 6.3.2. ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS 144 6.3.2.1. GENERAL
PREMISES OF ENFORCEMENT 144 6.3.2.2. PROCEEDINGS 145 6.3.2.3. THE MEANS
OF COERCION (ZWANGSMITTEL) 145 6.3.2.4. EXECUTION BY SUBSTITUTION OR
SUBSTITUTE PERFORMANCE (ERSATZVORNAHME, §10VWVG) 145 6.3.2.5. PENALTY
PAYMENT (ZWANGSGELD, § 11 VWVG) 145 6.3.2.6. IMMEDIATE CONSTRAINT
(UNMITTELBARER ZWANG, § 12 VWVG) 146 6.4. LEGAL PROTECTION BY JUDGEMENT
OR BY OBJECTION 146 6.5. INTERIM RELIEF 147 7. STATE LIABILITY AND
RIGHTS TO COMPENSATION 147 7.1. SOURCES AND PRINCIPLES 147 7.2. § 839
BURGERLICHES GESETZBUCH/ ARTICLE 34 OF THE BASIC LAW (AMTSLIAFTUNG) AND
ITS REQUIREMENTS 147 7.2.1. CIVIL SERVANT (BEAMTER) 147 7.2.2. BREACH OF
OFFICIAL DUTY (AMTSPFLICHTVERLETZUNG) 148 7.2.3. FAULT (VERSCHULDEN) 148
7.2.4. DAMAGE (SCHADEN) 148 7.3. EC LAW ASPECTS 148 7.4. COMPENSATION
FOR EXPROPRIATORY ACTION 148 7.5. COMPENSATION FOR NON-PECUNIARY
INFRINGEMENTS 149 7.6. OTHER CLAIMS 149 7.7. LEGAL PROTECTION 150 8.
RECENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS 150 9. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 151
BIBLIOGRAPHY 152 WEBSITES 153 RENE SEERDEN AND FRITS STROINK
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE NETHERLANDS 155 1. INTRODUCTION 155 1.1. WHAT
IS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? 155 1.2. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ACT (ALGEMENE
WET BESTUURSRECHT, AWB) 157 1.3. (THE USE OF) ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS 159
2. WHO HAS ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS? 161 2.1. ORGANS AND LEGAL PERSONS 161
TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.2. DECENTRALIZATION VERSUS DECONCENTRATION AND
INDEPENDENT ADMINISTRATIVE ORGANS 164 3. WHAT INSTRUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE
TO THE ADMINISTRATION? 165 3.1. ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS GOVERNED BY
PUBLIC LAW (BESLUITEN) 165 3.2. ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS GOVERNED BY
PUBLIC LAW IN INDIVIDUAL CASES (BESCHIKKINGERI) 167 3.3. DECISIONS OF A
GENERAL IMPORT (BESLUITEN VAN ALGEMENE STREKKING) 170 3.4. USE OF
PRIVATE LAW BY THE ADMINISTRATION 172 4. WHAT ARE THE NORMS WITH WHICH
THE ADMINISTRATION HAS TO COMPLY? 175 4.1. INTRODUCTION: HIERARCHY OF
NORMS 175 4.2. PRINCIPLES OF PROPER ADMINISTRATION (ALGEMENE BEGINSELEN
VAN BEHOORLIJK BESTUUR, ABBB) 178 4.2.1. DUE CARE 178 4.2.2. SPECIFICITY
178 4.2.3. PROPORTIONALITY 179 4.2.4. REASONING 179 4.2.5. GOOD FAITH,
LEGAL CERTAINTY AND EQUALITY 179 4.3. PROCEDURES OF DECISION-MAKING 181
5. WHAT LEGAL PROTECTION IS THERE AGAINST ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION? 182
5.1. ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS 182 5.2. ACCESS TO THE COURTS 184 5.2.1.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 184 5.2.2. PRESENT COURT SYSTEM 187 5.3. APPEAL
TO THE DISTRICT COURT 191 5.3.1. RIGHT TO APPEAL 191 5.3.2. RIGHT TO
PROVISIONAL RULING (INTERIM RELIEF) 191 5.3.3. INTERESTED PARTIES 192
5.4. PROCEEDINGS AT THE DISTRICT COURT 192 5.5. JUDICIAL
DISPUTE-SETTLEMENT POWERS 196 5.6. COMPLAINTS AT THE (NATIONAL)
OMBUDSMAN 199 5.7. THE CROWN 201 6. ENFORCEMENT OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
201 6.1. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ENFORCEMENT 201 6.2. CIVIL LAW ENFORCEMENT
204 6.3. PENAL LAW ENFORCEMENT 206 6.4. CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT BY
ADMINISTRATIVE AUTHORITIES 207 7. COMPENSATION FOR (UN)LAWFUL ACTIONS OF
THE ADMINISTRATION (FINANCIAL LIABILITY) 208 7.1. COMPENSATION FOR
UNLAWFUL ACTIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION 208 7.2. COMPENSATION FOR LAWFUL
ACTIONS OF THE ADMINISTRATION 209 8. CONCLUSION 210 BIBLIOGRAPHY 211 XIV
TABLE OF CONTENTS WEBSITES 213 ANNEX: KEY PROVISIONS GENERAL
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ACT (ALGEMENE WET BESTUURSRECHT) 214 KATHARINE
THOMPSON AND BRIAN JONES ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE UNITED KINGDOM 221 1.
INTRODUCTION 221 1.1. WHAT IS ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? 221 1.2. THE
CONSTITUTIONAL CONTEXT 222 1.2.1. TERMINOLOGY 222 1.2.2. SUPREMACY OF
PARLIAMENT 223 1.2.3. HUMAN RIGHTS ACT 1998 225 1.2.4. SUPREMACY AND THE
EU 226 1.2.5. SEPARATION OF POWERS 227 1.2.6. THE 'RULE OF LAW' 227
1.2.7. ROYAL PREROGATIVE 228 2. THE DISTRIBUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE
POWERS 228 2.1. INSTITUTIONS OF GOVERNMENT 228 3. HOW ARE ADMINISTRATIVE
DECISIONS MADE? 232 3.1. SOURCES OF POWER 233 3.1.1. PARLIAMENTARY
LEGISLATION 233 3.1.2. DELEGATED LEGISLATION 233 3.2. INQUIRIES 236 3.3.
INSPECTIONS 238 3.4. LICENSING 239 3.5. PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND OPEN
GOVERNMENT 240 3.6. THE USE OF PRIVATE LAW BY THE ADMINISTRATION 241
3.6.1. CONTRACTUAL POWERS 241 3.6.2. ENFORCEMENT OF STANDARDS 242 4. NON
JUDICIAL REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES 245 4.1. OMBUDSMEN 245 4.2. TRIBUNALS 247
5. JUDICIAL REVIEW 250 5.1. GENERAL POINTS 250 5.2. FILING A CLAIM FOR
JUDICIAL REVIEW 253 5.3. STANDING 254 5.4. PUBLIC/PRIVATE DIVIDE 256
5.5. EXCEPTIONS TO 'PROCEDURAL EXCLUSIVITY' 259 5.6. MATTERS WHICH ARE
NOT REVIEWABLE 260 5.7. LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS 261 5.8. GROUNDS FOR
JUDICIAL REVIEW 263 5.8.1. ILLEGALITY 263 5.8.2. IRRATIONALITY 265 XV I
TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.8.3. PROCEDURAL IMPROPRIETY 269 6. LIABILITY OF
PUBLIC AUTHORITIES 274 7. CONCLUSION 277 BIBLIOGRAPHY 278 ANNEX: CIVIL
PROCEDURE RULES PART 54 281 ROB WIDDERSHOVEN EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW
289 1. INTRODUCTION 289 1.1. WHAT IS EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW? 289
1.2. LEADING PRINCIPLES OF THE EUROPEAN LEGAL ORDER 290 1.2.1. PRINCIPLE
OF SUPREMACY 290 1.2.2. PRINCIPLE OF LOYAL COOPERATION 291 1.2.3.
PRINCIPLE OF SUBSIDIARITY 292 1.3. EUROPEAN CONSTRAINTS ON NATIONAL
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW: EQUIVALENCE AND EFFECTIVENESS 292 1.4. THE USE OF
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS IN THE EUROPEAN LEGAL ORDER 293 1.4.1. COMMUNITY
LEVEL 293 1.4.2. NATIONAL LEVEL 295 2. WHO HAS ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS 295
2.1. THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION 295 2.2.
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY 296 2.3. NATIONAL
ADMINISTRATIVE POWERS IN THE EUROPEAN LEGAL ORDER 298 3. WHAT
INSTRUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE IN THE ADMINISTRATION? 300 3.1. LEGAL
INSTRUMENTS AT THE EC LEVEL 300 3.1.1. REGULATIONS 300 3.1.2. DIRECTIVES
300 3.1.3. DECISIONS 302 3.1.4. COMMUNITY SOFT LAW INSTRUMENTS 303 3.2.
LEGAL INSTRUMENTS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 304 3.3. THE DIRECT AND INDIRECT
EFFECT OF COMMUNITY LAW 305 3.3.1. DIRECT EFFECT 305 3.3.2. INDIRECT
EFFECT 307 4. HOW IS EUROPEAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ENFORCED? 308 4.1.
INTRODUCTION 308 4.2. JUDGE-MADE RULES FOR NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT OF EC
LAW 309 4.3. LEGISLATIVE MEASURES CONCERNING NATIONAL ENFORCEMENT OF
COMMUNITY LAW 312 5. WHAT ARE THE NORMS WITH WHICH THE ADMINISTRATION
HAS TO COMPLY? 314 5.1. INTRODUCTION 314 5.2. GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
COMMUNITY LAW: GENERAL ASPECTS 315 XVI TABLE OF CONTENTS 5.3.
PROPORTIONALITY 316 5.4. EQUALITY 318 5.5. THE RIGHT OF DEFENCE 319 5.6.
THE PRINCIPLE OF LEGITIMATE EXPECTATIONS 320 5.7. OTHER GENERAL
PRINCIPLES OF EC LAW 322 6. WHAT LEGAL PROTECTION IS THERE AGAINST
ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION? 323 6.1. EFFECTIVE JUDICIAL PROTECTION AGAINST
SHARED GOVERNMENT 323 6.2. REMEDIES AT THE COMMUNITY LEVEL 324 6.2.1.
THE COURT OF JUSTICE AND THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE 324 6.2.2. REVIEW
OF LEGALITY 325 6.2.2.1. GENERAL INFORMATION 325 6.2.2.2. STANDING AS
FAR AS INDIVIDUALS ARE CONCERNED 325 6.2.2.3. INTERFERENCE WITH REMEDIES
AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 327 6.3. REMEDIES AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL 328 6.3.1.
PRELIMINARY RULINGS 328 6.3.1.1. INTRODUCTION 328 6.3.1.2. DISCRETION OR
OBLIGATION TO REFER TO THE ECJ 329 6.3.1.3. PROCEDURAL ASPECTS 330
6.3.2. EFFECTIVE JUDICIAL PROTECTION IN THE MEMBER STATES 331 6.3.2.1.
ACCESS TO A COURT 331 6.3.2.2. INTERIM RELIEF 332 6.3.3. APPLICATION OF
NATIONAL PROCEDURAL LAW IN COMMUNITY MATTERS 334 7. NON-CONTRACTUAL
LIABILITY 336 7.1. INTRODUCTION 336 7.2. NON-CONTRACTUAL LIABILITY OF
THE COMMUNITY 337 7.3. MEMBER STATE LIABILITY 338 8. CONCLUSION 341
BIBLIOGRAPHY 343 WEBSITES 346 ANNEX:KEY PROVISIONS EC TREATY 347 PHILIP
HARTER ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE UNITED STATES 351 1. WHAT IS
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW IN THE UNITED STATES? 351 1.1. WHAT IS ADMINISTRATIVE
LAW? 351 1.2. THE ROLE OF AGENCIES 352 1.3. BRIEF HISTORY OF
ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 353 2. THE CONSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE 355 2.1. CONGRESS
355 2.2. THE PRESIDENT 355 2.3. COURTS 357 2.4. SEPARATION OF POWERS
GENERALLY 359 XV II TABLE OF CONTENTS 3. THE AMERICAN ADMINISTRATIVE
PROCESS 360 3.1. ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION 360 3.2. OPEN GOVERNMENT 361
3.3. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT 362 3.4. ADJUDICATION VERSUS RULEMAKING
363 3.5. RULEMAKING 365 3.6. NON-LEGISLATIVE RULES, POLICY STATEMENTS,
AND GUIDELINES 369 3.7. ADJUDICATION UNDER THE APA 370 3.8. AGENCY
DISCRETION IN RULEMAKING AND ADJUDICATION 372 3.8.1. CHOICE OF PROCESS
373 3.8.2. RELATIONSHIP OF RULES TO ADJUDICATION 373 3.9. ALTERNATIVE
DISPUTE RESOLUTION 373 3.10. DUE PROCESS AND INFORMAL ADJUDICATION 374
4. JUDICIAL REVIEW OF ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION 375 4.1. AVAILABILITY OF
JUDICIAL REVIEW 375 4.2. STANDING 376 4.3. TIMING OF JUDICIAL REVIEW 377
4.3.1. RIPENESS 377 4.3.2. EXHAUSTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE REMEDIES 378
4.3.3. FINALITY 378 4.3.4. SCOPE OF REVIEW 379 4.3.5. REVIEW OF THE
FACTS 379 4.3.6. REVIEW OF LAW AND POLICY 380 5. NON-JUDICIAL MEANS OF
ACCOUNTABILITY 383 5.1. OVERSIGHT HEARINGS 383 5.2. 'OMBUDS' 383 5.2.1.
GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 384 5.2.2. CONGRESSIONAL 'CASEWORK' 385
5.2.3. INSPECTORS GENERAL 385 5.2.4. PROGRAMMATIC OMBUDS 385 5.3. THE
WHITE HOUSE 385 6. MEANS OF ENFORCEMENT 386 6.1. REMEDIAL ACTION 386
6.2. MONETARY PENALTIES 386 6.3. CRIMINAL SANCTIONS 387 6.4. CONTRACTS:
GETTING MORE BY REQUIRING LESS 388 6.5. COMMON LAW 390 7. ROLE OF
PRIVATE PARTIES IN FORCING AND ENFORCING GOVERNMENT DUTIES 390 7.1.
ADOPTION OF RULES 390 7.2. RAISING ISSUES IN ADJUDICATORY PROCEEDINGS
391 7.3. FORCING AN ENFORCEMENT ACTION 391 7.4. CITIZEN SUITS TO ENFORCE
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE 391 7.5. THE ROLE OF PRIVATE LAW 392 7.6.
REGULATORY TAKINGS 393 XVIII TABLE OF CONTENTS 8. REVIEW AND PROGNOSIS
394 BIBLIOGRAPHY 397 RENE SEERDEN COMPARATIVE REMARKS 401 1.
INTRODUCTION 401 2. COMPARATIVE REMARKS 402 2.1. ADMINISTRATIVE LAW 402
2.2. THE ADMINISTRATION 403 2.3. LEGAL INSTRUMENTS 405 2.4. RULES AND
PRINCIPLES 406 2.5. ACCESS TO COURT AND (PRIOR) OUT-OF-COURT PROCEEDINGS
407 2.6. ENFORCEMENT BY THE ADMINISTRATION 416 2.7. FINANCIAL LIABILITY
OF THE ADMINISTRATION 417 2.8. DEVELOPMENTS AND CONCLUSION 418 |
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| dewey-full | 342.406 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| geographic | USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | USA |
| id | DE-604.BV023335446 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:59:26Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:21:53Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789050957205 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016519322 |
| oclc_num | 192133946 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-384 |
| physical | XXII, 419 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Intersentia |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Ius commune europaeum |
| series2 | Ius commune europaeum |
| spelling | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis ed.: René Seerden 2. ed. Antwerpen [u.a.] Intersentia 2007 XXII, 419 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Ius commune europaeum 68 At foot of t.p.: METRO Includes bibliographical references Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf aAdministrative law zEuropean Union countries aAdministrative law zUnited States Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd rswk-swf Verwaltungsrecht (DE-588)4063351-2 gnd rswk-swf Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd rswk-swf USA (DE-588)4078704-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content USA (DE-588)4078704-7 g Verwaltungsrecht (DE-588)4063351-2 s Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 s DE-604 Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 s 1\p DE-604 Seerden, René Sonstige oth Ius commune europaeum 68 (DE-604)BV010118502 68 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016519322&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis Ius commune europaeum Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd aAdministrative law zEuropean Union countries aAdministrative law zUnited States Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd Verwaltungsrecht (DE-588)4063351-2 gnd Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4115712-6 (DE-588)4063351-2 (DE-588)4170174-4 (DE-588)4078704-7 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis |
| title_auth | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis |
| title_exact_search | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis |
| title_full | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis ed.: René Seerden |
| title_fullStr | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis ed.: René Seerden |
| title_full_unstemmed | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States a comparative analysis ed.: René Seerden |
| title_short | Administrative law of the European Union, its member states and the United States |
| title_sort | administrative law of the european union its member states and the united states a comparative analysis |
| title_sub | a comparative analysis |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd aAdministrative law zEuropean Union countries aAdministrative law zUnited States Rechtsvergleich (DE-588)4115712-6 gnd Verwaltungsrecht (DE-588)4063351-2 gnd Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union aAdministrative law zEuropean Union countries aAdministrative law zUnited States Rechtsvergleich Verwaltungsrecht Mitgliedsstaaten USA Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016519322&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV010118502 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT seerdenrene administrativelawoftheeuropeanunionitsmemberstatesandtheunitedstatesacomparativeanalysis |