Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Bulgarian |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Sofija
Izdat. "Iztok-Zapad"
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. izd. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Balkans - the European choice |
| Beschreibung: | 277 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9789543214099 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820135951881469952 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ПРЕДГОВОР
.9
ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ
.15
I.
ЕВОЛЮЦИЯ НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
МЕЖДУ СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ И ЕС
.19
1.
ДИФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯТА
НА ДЪРЖАВИТЕ ОТ РЕГИОНА
.19
2.
РОЯМОНСКИЯТ ПРОЦЕС
ЗА СТАБИЛНОСТ
И ДОБР О
СЪСЕДСТВО
В ЮГОИЗТОЧНА ЕВРОПА
.23
3.
ПАКТЪТ ЗА СТАБИЛНОСТ
ЗА ЮГОИЗТОЧНА ЕВРОПА
.30
4.
РОЛЯТА НА ПАКТА
ЗА СТАБИЛНОСТ ЗА РАЗШИРЯВАНЕТО
НА РЕГИОНАЛНОТО СЪТРУДНИЧЕСТВО
.39
5.
РАЗВИТИЕТО НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
МЕЖДУ ЕС И СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ
ПРЕЗ СЕГАШНОТО ДЕСЕТИЛЕТИЕ
.47
6.
ПРОМЕНЯЩИЯТ СЕ ОБЛИК НА ЮИЕ
.52
7.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕТО
НА ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНИТЕ ПРОЕКТИ В ЮИЕ
.57
II.
ИНТЕГРАЦИОННИТЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ
МЕЖДУ ЕС И СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ
.71
1.
РАЗВИТИЕ НА ПРОЦЕСА
НА ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ
.71
2.
ПОДКРЕПАТА НА ФИНЛАНДИЯ
И ЕСТОНИЯ ЗА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ЧЛЕНСТВО В ЕС
.75
3.
УСЛОВИЯ НА ПРИСЪЕДИНЯВАНЕТО
НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ КЪМ ЕС
.81
4.
ПЪРВАТА ГОДИНА
НА ЧЛЕНСТВОТО НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ В ЕС
.97
III.
ИНТЕГРАЦИОННИТЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ
НА СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЗАПАДНИТЕ
БАЛКАНИ И ТУРЦИЯ
С ЕС
.109
1.
ПОЛИТИКАТА НА ЕС
КЪМ СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ
.109
2.
ЕВОЛЮЦИЯ НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
НА СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ
С ЕС
.138
3.
ПРОЦЕСЪТ НА ЕВРОИНТЕГРИРАНЕ НА ТУРЦИЯ
.171
IV.
ЮИЕ В ОБЩАТА ВЪНШНА
И ОТБРАНИТЕЛНА ПОЛИТИКА НА ЕС
.189
1.
ПОВИШАВАНЕ РОЛЯТА НА ЕС
ЗА ПОДДЪРЖАНЕ СТАБИЛНОСТТА В РЕГИОНА
.189
2.
ВОЕННИ И ПОЛИЦЕЙСКИ МИСИИ
НА ЕС В ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ
.194
3.
ЕС И СТАТУТЪТ НА КОСОВО
.205
V.
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
.233
ХРОНОЛОГИЯ НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
МЕЖДУ ЕС И СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ
.239
СЪКРАЩЕНИЯ
.243
ИЗПОЛЗВАНИ ИЗТОЧНИЦИ
.245
БАЛКАНИТЕ. ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯТ ИЗБОР (Резюме)
.255
THE BALKANS. THE EUROPEAN CHOICE (Summary)
.264
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND
ESTONIA FOR THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA
.272
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
.279
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
.9
INTRODUCTION
.15
I.
EVOLUTION
OF THE RELATIONS
BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION
AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
.19
1.
THE DIFFERENTIATION
OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE REGION
.19
2.
THE ROYAUMONT PROCESS FOR STABILITY AND
GOOD NEIGHBOURLINESS IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
.23
3.
THE STABILITY PACT
FOR SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
.30
4.
THE ROLE OF THE STABILITY PACT
FOR THE FOSTERING OF REGIONAL COOPERATION
.39
5.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE PRESENT DECADE
.47
6.
SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE IN TRANSFORMATION
.52
7.
THE IMPACT OF THE
INFRASTRUCTURAL
PROJECTS IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
.57
ÍÍ.
EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
OF BULGARIA AND ROMANIA
.71
1.
THE PROCESS OF
EU
INTEGRATION
OF BULGARIA AND ROMANIA
.71
2.
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND ESTONIA
FOR THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA
.75
3,
THE TERMS OF BULGARIA AND
ROMANIA'S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
.81
4.
THE NEWCOMERS' FIRST YEAR
AS MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
.97
III. INTEGRATION RELATIONS OF THE
WESTERN BALKANS AND TURKEY WITH THE
EU
.109
1.
THE EUROPEAN UNION'S POLICY
TO THE WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES
.109
2.
EVOLUTION OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN
THE WESTERN BALKANS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
.136
3.
THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESS OF TURKEY
.171
IV. THE PLACE OF SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
IN THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY
POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
.189
1.
THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
FOR KEEPING THE STABILITY IN THE REGION
.189
2.
THE EUROPEAN UNION'S MILITARY AND
POLICE MISSIONS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
.194
3.
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE STATUS OF KOSOVO
.205
f
V. CONCLUSION
.233
CHRONOLOGY OF THE MAIN EVENTS IN THE
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION
AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
.239
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
.243
LIST OF REFERENCES
.245
SUMMARY (In Bulgarian)
.255
SUMMARY (In English)
.264
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND ESTONIA FOR
THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA (in English)
.272
ABOUT THE AUTHOR (in English)
.279
THE BALKANS. THE EUROPEAN CHOICE
(SUMMARY)
Over the last ten years the relations between the countries in
South-Eastern Europe1 (SEE) and the European Union
(EU)
have
undergone significant evolution. They were above all characterized
by the deepening of the mutual cooperation based on the European
integration of the region. SEE became part of the enlargement of
the
EU
to Central and Eastern Europe which got under way after
the radical political and economic changes that had occurred in
that part of the continent in the late
бОѕ'
and early
90s!
In the current decade SEE has also occupied a prominent
place in the common foreign and security policy of the
EU.
It was
due to this policy that the peace and stability in the region has so
far been successfully maintained.
The strategic goal of this process is the overcoming of the
regional division and the subsequent unification of Europe on the
basis of shared democratic values and principles.
The enhancement of the integration relations with the
EU
is a topmost priority in the foreign policy of all SEE countries.
1
The term „South-Eastern Europe" is practically synonymous with the
„Balkans" and lately has been used more frequently in the context of
the present conditions in Europe and especially regarding issues of the
European integration. SEE covers ten countries
-
Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey,
Croatia and Montenegro. Over the last ten years Moldova has been taking
part in the multilateral regional cooperation as well, (Tsachevsky, V.: The
Balkans. The New South-Eastern Europe, Sofia,
2007)
Summary
265
The Union is their main foreign trade partner which supports the
internal democratic and market economy reforms while fostering
the cooperation in the region.
Up to now, the most important result of the integration re¬
lations between the
EU
and the SEE countries has been the ac¬
cession of Bulgaria and Romania at the beginning of
2007.
Some
of the Western Balkan countries have signed and others are just
about to sign a Stabilization and Association Agreement which
lays a firm foundation for their future integration into the
EU
Croatia and Turkey have been already conducting negotia¬
tions on their accession while Macedonia has been granted the
status of applicant country. Despite the different stages they have
reached in the development of their relations with the
ЕЦ
ail the
states in the region have irrevocably committed themselves to the
European integration.
By and large, owing to the sweeping political and economic
reforms carried out in the region, the image of SEE has been no¬
ticeable improved. Over the current decade the growth rate has
picked up and the foreign investments have increased manifold.
The regional cooperation has reached new dimensions as well.
In the contemporary political context the strategic geograph¬
ical location of the Balkans being close to the Mediterranean and
the Middle East has created prospects for SEE to become one of
the pivotal transit hubs in the pan-European gas and oil infra¬
structure, as well as a crucial transportation center.
The transformation experienced by SEE in the last
10
years and
particularly the development of the integration relations with the
EU
have provided ample grounds to politicians and observers to label the
process as „Europeanization" of the region. It has been significantly
furthered due to the active role played by the
EU
in this respect.
Two relatively separate dimensions have shaped up in the
policy followed by the Union in SEE: one is the advancement of the
integration relations with the countries in the region and the other
is the keen efforts towards the stabilization of the Western Balkans
as incorporated in the EU's common foreign and security policy.
266
Венелин Цачевски
·
Балканите. Европейският избор
The lack of homogeneity of SEE has conditioned the different
place of each country in the EU's policy. The differentiation ap¬
proach is manifested when it comes to their readiness to join the
EU
which is assessed on the basis of their achievements regarding
the implementation of the democratic and market economy re¬
forms, and the successful fulfillment of the membership criteria.
A special attention is paid to the internal political stability and the
bilateral relations with the neighbouring countries.
That has actually led to the uneven speed in the accession of
the SEE countries. It was first Greece that joined the Union, fol¬
lowed by Bulgaria and Romania which did it in
2007.
The rest of
the countries have a different status depending on the headway
they have made in their relations with the
EU.
The absence of an operative mechanism for common action
and unity between the member states rendered the
EU
incapable
of taking any effective measures against the turbulent break-up
of former Yugoslavia. One of the first distinctive regional initia¬
tives put forward by the Union was the Royaumont Process for
Stability and Good Neighbourliness in South-Eastern Europe. It
was launched at the end of
1995
when the Dayton and Paris peace
agreements on Bosnia and Herzegovina were signed.
Year
1999
marked an important milestone in the relations be¬
tween the
EU
and the SEE countries. In May the Union officially
announced the start of the Stability and Association Process for
the Western Balkan states. In June, during the culmination of the
Kosovo crisis, there was promoted another crucial initiative, i.e. the
Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe. In December the European
Council decided to kick off accession negotiations with Bulgaria and
Romania, while Turkey was granted the status of applicant country.
The noticeable progress achieved in the overall communica¬
tion between the SEE countries and the
EU in
the current decade
has placed their relations on a more advanced level. Apart from
the European integration domain, there has been a significant
evolution in the EU's common foreign and security policy with
respect to SEE. The Union took active part, either in conjunction
Summary
267
with NATO or on its own, in the international community's efforts
to stabilize the Western Balkans. The
EU
has conducted four ma¬
jor military and police missions in Macedonia and in Bosnia and
Herzegovina since the beginning of
2003.
Some member states
have joined the international force in Kosovo. In
2006
the
EU
started preparations for a future
EU
and international presence in
Kosovo which is to come into being once the province's status is
finally determined.
Year
2007
proved to be rather important for the further devel¬
opment of the EU-SEE relations. Twenty five years after Greece's
accession to the
EU
two other countries belonging to the same
region were formally integrated into the biggest organization in
Europe, That was a turning point with regard to the integration of
all SEE countries in the future.
The borders of the Union have already extended to the Black
Sea and the further expansion of the treaties and agreements reg¬
ulating the regional cooperation brought about the introduction
of new multilateral structures. The
EU was
notably instrumental
in assisting this process.
The Regional Free Trade Agreement which came into force in
the summer of
2007
and especially the Regional Cooperation Council
which in February
2008
will succeed the Stability Pact for SEE, con¬
sidered the most efficient project the
EU
has so far promoted in
terms of its cooperation with and support to the SEE countries.
The development of the integration relations between the
Western Balkan states and the
EU
progressed considerably in
2007.
Montenegro became the fourth country in the region to sign the
Stability and Association Agreement (SAA). A positive step forward
was made in the relations with Serbia by resuming and concluding
the negations on SAA eventually signed in November
2007.
It's almost beyond any doubt that the SEE countries will par¬
ticipate in the future enlargement of the Union having in mind
its political commitment to them. Croatia is set
tö
be the next to
join the club. The accession negotiations which were kicked off in
2005
are expected to be over by the end of
2009
resulting in the
268
Венелин Цачевски
*
Балканите. Европейският избор
country's official
EU
membership at the end of the present or the
very beginning of the next decade.
Macedonia is following in its footsteps, anticipating to be
invited to start negotiations with the
EU
in
2008.
Despite the spe¬
cific difficulties accompanying its integration process Turkey has
the status of applicant country and is currently holding accession
negotiations. The majority of the member states are in favour of
its future joining the Union.
At the same time, however, the relations between the
EU
and
the SEE countries have been facing different challenges. They are
primarily caused by obstacles in the domestic affairs of the coun¬
tries and by contradictions in their bilateral relations.
As a result, the speed and effectiveness of these countries'
integration have been hampered thus putting to the test the pol¬
icy of the
EU
which has proved to be a major international factor
for keeping the security in SEE and particularly in the Western
Balkans. The intervention of the Union was more than necessary
for easing the ethnic tensions in the region. Unfortunately, the
ethnic hostility still continues to exist there.
Another disturbing aspect is the relatively slow establish¬
ment of multilateral cooperation in SEE which, despite the good
neighbourly relations, has failed to lead to the creation of an ap¬
propriate mechanism for crisis management.
With the entry of Bulgaria and Romania into the
EU
the pos¬
sibilities in this respect have grown. However, up to now, there
hasn't really occurred any palpable change.
All three
EU
member states located in the region have disa¬
greements of a different nature with their neignbouring countries.
They pose problems before the
EU as
well since it is involved in
their ultimate settlement.
The main challenge for the stability in SEE and especially in
the Western Balkans is the persistent nationalism and the sepa¬
ratist sentiments in some of the countries. In
2007
the situation
was most unpredictable in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia
and Serbia.
Summary
269
Determining the status of Kosovo became the highest risk
for the stability in the Balkans in
2007,
It put to the test the suc-
cessfulness of the EU's policy in the region after the break-up of
former Yugoslavia.
The institutions of the Union and its leading member states
expressed their confidence that they have at their disposal enough
diplomatic, political, economic and, should any need arises, mili¬
tary means to tackle possible repercussions in case of a failure
between the Albanians and the Serbs in Kosovo.
Such optimism is, however, vulnerable since there is no over¬
all consent in the
EU on
that and its policy regarding the issue
doesn't always tend to take stock of the existing realities in the
region. The stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and, to a
large extent, in Macedonia has been kept primarily due to the ac¬
tive international commitment to their internal development.
The true difficulties for the
EU will
come to the fore after
the declaration of Kosovo's independence when the Union is to
take on the international responsibility for its fulfillment on the
ground. The negative implications of the breakaway of Kosovo
may as well not lead to an upheaval similar to the conflicts in the
90s'
but will most probably breed extreme nationalism, greater
instability and tension in the Western Balkans.
The extension of the international military presence and the
promised European perspective for the countries could fall short
of preventing an outcome of this kind. The possible speeding up
of Serbia's integration won't make a sufficient compensation for
the ioss of their province. The Serbs are Jikely to hold their ground
regarding the status of Kosovo even after both nations become
EU
members in the future.
There is a risk of the Kosovo issue triggering disputes and prob¬
lems which could erode and even jeopardize the validity of the under¬
lying course of the EU's policy in this part of SEE. It could bring forth
a revision of the already established form of government in some
countries, namely Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia, thus
causing a dramatic change in the state boundaries in the region.
270
Венелин Цачевски
·
Балканите. Европейският избор
The active involvement of the
EU
is necessary here in the
future too, although it shouldn't be taken as an ultimate guarantee
for the stability in the Western Balkans. Besides, at the present
moment the
EU
is not considering or is hardly willing to alter its
policy in the region. Therefore, year
2008
will prove critical for the
real potential of the Union to prevent a new crisis and encourage
the integration process in the Balkans.
Given the existing conditions, Bulgaria and the other SEE
countries are in the position of mere observers of the develop¬
ments around Kosovo. However, they can't be expected to play
any different role as they are rather dependent in terms of their
foreign policy and regional unity.
The accession of Bulgaria to the
EU
has marked a new stage
of its national development. The long-awaited membership has
opened up a range of opportunities before the country but at the
same time it has presented some challenges which can't be tack¬
led with convincingly only on the basis of continuity of its overall
policy.
There should be taken measures towards a considerable in¬
crease in the effectiveness of the national institutions. This re¬
quires redefining the strategic national priorities and creating
ample political and social potential for their successful implemen¬
tation. The government of the country needs to be taken over by
leaders who enjoy strong national support and who are capable of
carrying out in the speediest possible way the further transforma¬
tion of Bulgaria into a truly developed democratic state.
Tlie
main objective for Bulgaria now is its quick adjustment
to the conditions in the
EU.
This task demands investing a lot of
effort in the economy and in the struggle with corruption and or¬
ganized crime. What will make a key difference is the efficient use
of the resources allocated for the country by the
EU
funds.
The Western Balkan states expect to get greater diplomatic,
expert and integration-related assistance from Bulgaria along their
road to
EU
accession. Bulgaria should also be an active exponent,
together with Greece and Romania, of the common interests of
Summary
271
the countries in the region with respect to the advancement of the
integration process and the EU's policy in SEE and internationally.
Of paramount importance for the Bulgarian foreign policy is
the building of such a partnership with the other member states
which is laid on a pragmatic basis and takes into account its na¬
tional interests. It is especially valid for the smaller member states
which represent a majority in the
EU
and are on the same footing
as Bulgaria in the Union.
Bulgaria will make much more of its participation in the
European integration
ifit
manages to increase its national poten¬
tial by furthering the democratic principles, boosting the econom¬
ic competitiveness and improving the standard of living. This is a
crucial condition for its being a worthy partner of the other mem¬
ber states, for defending its national priorities in a more effective
way and for benefiting from the opportunities
oîits
new status.
The membership in the
EU
is of strategic significance for
Bulgaria, Yet, the implications it can have for the country's devel¬
opment and foreign policy should be assessed somewhat realisti¬
cally.
Tlie
European integration as any other form of international
cooperation creates not only partnership relations but also com¬
petition and peaceful rivalry where an important, in many cases
even decisive, role is played by the balance of forces between the
participating states.
To sum up, the
EU
integration both offers prospects and
holds risks for Bulgaria whose economy is underperforming and
is heavily dependent on foreign investments and technologies.
Transferring more powers to the institutions of the
EU
limits the
scope of the national sovereignty.
ín
its turn, the progress
oí
the
integration relations and the common foreign and security policy
is affected by the difficulty to comply with the interests of the in¬
creased numbers of
EU
countries.
Therefore, Bulgaria's foreign and foreign-economic policy
shouldn't be restricted only within the framework of the
EU but
should rather be placed into a wider perspective. |
| adam_txt |
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ПРЕДГОВОР
.9
ВЪВЕДЕНИЕ
.15
I.
ЕВОЛЮЦИЯ НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
МЕЖДУ СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ И ЕС
.19
1.
ДИФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯТА
НА ДЪРЖАВИТЕ ОТ РЕГИОНА
.19
2.
РОЯМОНСКИЯТ ПРОЦЕС
ЗА СТАБИЛНОСТ
И ДОБР О
СЪСЕДСТВО
В ЮГОИЗТОЧНА ЕВРОПА
.23
3.
ПАКТЪТ ЗА СТАБИЛНОСТ
ЗА ЮГОИЗТОЧНА ЕВРОПА
.30
4.
РОЛЯТА НА ПАКТА
ЗА СТАБИЛНОСТ ЗА РАЗШИРЯВАНЕТО
НА РЕГИОНАЛНОТО СЪТРУДНИЧЕСТВО
.39
5.
РАЗВИТИЕТО НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
МЕЖДУ ЕС И СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ
ПРЕЗ СЕГАШНОТО ДЕСЕТИЛЕТИЕ
.47
6.
ПРОМЕНЯЩИЯТ СЕ ОБЛИК НА ЮИЕ
.52
7.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕТО
НА ИНФРАСТРУКТУРНИТЕ ПРОЕКТИ В ЮИЕ
.57
II.
ИНТЕГРАЦИОННИТЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ
МЕЖДУ ЕС И СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ
.71
1.
РАЗВИТИЕ НА ПРОЦЕСА
НА ЕВРОИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ
.71
2.
ПОДКРЕПАТА НА ФИНЛАНДИЯ
И ЕСТОНИЯ ЗА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ЧЛЕНСТВО В ЕС
.75
3.
УСЛОВИЯ НА ПРИСЪЕДИНЯВАНЕТО
НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ КЪМ ЕС
.81
4.
ПЪРВАТА ГОДИНА
НА ЧЛЕНСТВОТО НА БЪЛГАРИЯ И РУМЪНИЯ В ЕС
.97
III.
ИНТЕГРАЦИОННИТЕ ОТНОШЕНИЯ
НА СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЗАПАДНИТЕ
БАЛКАНИ И ТУРЦИЯ
С ЕС
.109
1.
ПОЛИТИКАТА НА ЕС
КЪМ СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ
.109
2.
ЕВОЛЮЦИЯ НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
НА СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ
С ЕС
.138
3.
ПРОЦЕСЪТ НА ЕВРОИНТЕГРИРАНЕ НА ТУРЦИЯ
.171
IV.
ЮИЕ В ОБЩАТА ВЪНШНА
И ОТБРАНИТЕЛНА ПОЛИТИКА НА ЕС
.189
1.
ПОВИШАВАНЕ РОЛЯТА НА ЕС
ЗА ПОДДЪРЖАНЕ СТАБИЛНОСТТА В РЕГИОНА
.189
2.
ВОЕННИ И ПОЛИЦЕЙСКИ МИСИИ
НА ЕС В ЗАПАДНИТЕ БАЛКАНИ
.194
3.
ЕС И СТАТУТЪТ НА КОСОВО
.205
V.
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
.233
ХРОНОЛОГИЯ НА ОТНОШЕНИЯТА
МЕЖДУ ЕС И СТРАНИТЕ ОТ ЮИЕ
.239
СЪКРАЩЕНИЯ
.243
ИЗПОЛЗВАНИ ИЗТОЧНИЦИ
.245
БАЛКАНИТЕ. ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯТ ИЗБОР (Резюме)
.255
THE BALKANS. THE EUROPEAN CHOICE (Summary)
.264
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND
ESTONIA FOR THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA
.272
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
.279
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
FOREWORD
.9
INTRODUCTION
.15
I.
EVOLUTION
OF THE RELATIONS
BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION
AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
.19
1.
THE DIFFERENTIATION
OF THE COUNTRIES IN THE REGION
.19
2.
THE ROYAUMONT PROCESS FOR STABILITY AND
GOOD NEIGHBOURLINESS IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
.23
3.
THE STABILITY PACT
FOR SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
.30
4.
THE ROLE OF THE STABILITY PACT
FOR THE FOSTERING OF REGIONAL COOPERATION
.39
5.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN
EUROPEAN COUNTRIES IN THE PRESENT DECADE
.47
6.
SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE IN TRANSFORMATION
.52
7.
THE IMPACT OF THE
INFRASTRUCTURAL
PROJECTS IN SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
.57
ÍÍ.
EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
OF BULGARIA AND ROMANIA
.71
1.
THE PROCESS OF
EU
INTEGRATION
OF BULGARIA AND ROMANIA
.71
2.
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND ESTONIA
FOR THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA
.75
3,
THE TERMS OF BULGARIA AND
ROMANIA'S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
.81
4.
THE NEWCOMERS' FIRST YEAR
AS MEMBERS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
.97
III. INTEGRATION RELATIONS OF THE
WESTERN BALKANS AND TURKEY WITH THE
EU
.109
1.
THE EUROPEAN UNION'S POLICY
TO THE WESTERN BALKAN COUNTRIES
.109
2.
EVOLUTION OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN
THE WESTERN BALKANS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
.136
3.
THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION PROCESS OF TURKEY
.171
IV. THE PLACE OF SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPE
IN THE COMMON FOREIGN AND SECURITY
POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
.189
1.
THE ROLE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION
FOR KEEPING THE STABILITY IN THE REGION
.189
2.
THE EUROPEAN UNION'S MILITARY AND
POLICE MISSIONS IN THE WESTERN BALKANS
.194
3.
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE STATUS OF KOSOVO
.205
f
V. CONCLUSION
.233
CHRONOLOGY OF THE MAIN EVENTS IN THE
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EUROPEAN UNION
AND THE SOUTH-EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
.239
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
.243
LIST OF REFERENCES
.245
SUMMARY (In Bulgarian)
.255
SUMMARY (In English)
.264
THE SUPPORT BY FINLAND AND ESTONIA FOR
THE
EU
MEMBERSHIP OF BULGARIA (in English)
.272
ABOUT THE AUTHOR (in English)
.279
THE BALKANS. THE EUROPEAN CHOICE
(SUMMARY)
Over the last ten years the relations between the countries in
South-Eastern Europe1 (SEE) and the European Union
(EU)
have
undergone significant evolution. They were above all characterized
by the deepening of the mutual cooperation based on the European
integration of the region. SEE became part of the enlargement of
the
EU
to Central and Eastern Europe which got under way after
the radical political and economic changes that had occurred in
that part of the continent in the late
бОѕ'
and early
90s!
In the current decade SEE has also occupied a prominent
place in the common foreign and security policy of the
EU.
It was
due to this policy that the peace and stability in the region has so
far been successfully maintained.
The strategic goal of this process is the overcoming of the
regional division and the subsequent unification of Europe on the
basis of shared democratic values and principles.
The enhancement of the integration relations with the
EU
is a topmost priority in the foreign policy of all SEE countries.
1
The term „South-Eastern Europe" is practically synonymous with the
„Balkans" and lately has been used more frequently in the context of
the present conditions in Europe and especially regarding issues of the
European integration. SEE covers ten countries
-
Albania, Bosnia and
Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Turkey,
Croatia and Montenegro. Over the last ten years Moldova has been taking
part in the multilateral regional cooperation as well, (Tsachevsky, V.: The
Balkans. The New South-Eastern Europe, Sofia,
2007)
Summary
265
The Union is their main foreign trade partner which supports the
internal democratic and market economy reforms while fostering
the cooperation in the region.
Up to now, the most important result of the integration re¬
lations between the
EU
and the SEE countries has been the ac¬
cession of Bulgaria and Romania at the beginning of
2007.
Some
of the Western Balkan countries have signed and others are just
about to sign a Stabilization and Association Agreement which
lays a firm foundation for their future integration into the
EU
Croatia and Turkey have been already conducting negotia¬
tions on their accession while Macedonia has been granted the
status of applicant country. Despite the different stages they have
reached in the development of their relations with the
ЕЦ
ail the
states in the region have irrevocably committed themselves to the
European integration.
By and large, owing to the sweeping political and economic
reforms carried out in the region, the image of SEE has been no¬
ticeable improved. Over the current decade the growth rate has
picked up and the foreign investments have increased manifold.
The regional cooperation has reached new dimensions as well.
In the contemporary political context the strategic geograph¬
ical location of the Balkans being close to the Mediterranean and
the Middle East has created prospects for SEE to become one of
the pivotal transit hubs in the pan-European gas and oil infra¬
structure, as well as a crucial transportation center.
The transformation experienced by SEE in the last
10
years and
particularly the development of the integration relations with the
EU
have provided ample grounds to politicians and observers to label the
process as „Europeanization" of the region. It has been significantly
furthered due to the active role played by the
EU
in this respect.
Two relatively separate dimensions have shaped up in the
policy followed by the Union in SEE: one is the advancement of the
integration relations with the countries in the region and the other
is the keen efforts towards the stabilization of the Western Balkans
as incorporated in the EU's common foreign and security policy.
266
Венелин Цачевски
·
Балканите. Европейският избор
The lack of homogeneity of SEE has conditioned the different
place of each country in the EU's policy. The differentiation ap¬
proach is manifested when it comes to their readiness to join the
EU
which is assessed on the basis of their achievements regarding
the implementation of the democratic and market economy re¬
forms, and the successful fulfillment of the membership criteria.
A special attention is paid to the internal political stability and the
bilateral relations with the neighbouring countries.
That has actually led to the uneven speed in the accession of
the SEE countries. It was first Greece that joined the Union, fol¬
lowed by Bulgaria and Romania which did it in
2007.
The rest of
the countries have a different status depending on the headway
they have made in their relations with the
EU.
The absence of an operative mechanism for common action
and unity between the member states rendered the
EU
incapable
of taking any effective measures against the turbulent break-up
of former Yugoslavia. One of the first distinctive regional initia¬
tives put forward by the Union was the Royaumont Process for
Stability and Good Neighbourliness in South-Eastern Europe. It
was launched at the end of
1995
when the Dayton and Paris peace
agreements on Bosnia and Herzegovina were signed.
Year
1999
marked an important milestone in the relations be¬
tween the
EU
and the SEE countries. In May the Union officially
announced the start of the Stability and Association Process for
the Western Balkan states. In June, during the culmination of the
Kosovo crisis, there was promoted another crucial initiative, i.e. the
Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe. In December the European
Council decided to kick off accession negotiations with Bulgaria and
Romania, while Turkey was granted the status of applicant country.
The noticeable progress achieved in the overall communica¬
tion between the SEE countries and the
EU in
the current decade
has placed their relations on a more advanced level. Apart from
the European integration domain, there has been a significant
evolution in the EU's common foreign and security policy with
respect to SEE. The Union took active part, either in conjunction
Summary
267
with NATO or on its own, in the international community's efforts
to stabilize the Western Balkans. The
EU
has conducted four ma¬
jor military and police missions in Macedonia and in Bosnia and
Herzegovina since the beginning of
2003.
Some member states
have joined the international force in Kosovo. In
2006
the
EU
started preparations for a future
EU
and international presence in
Kosovo which is to come into being once the province's status is
finally determined.
Year
2007
proved to be rather important for the further devel¬
opment of the EU-SEE relations. Twenty five years after Greece's
accession to the
EU
two other countries belonging to the same
region were formally integrated into the biggest organization in
Europe, That was a turning point with regard to the integration of
all SEE countries in the future.
The borders of the Union have already extended to the Black
Sea and the further expansion of the treaties and agreements reg¬
ulating the regional cooperation brought about the introduction
of new multilateral structures. The
EU was
notably instrumental
in assisting this process.
The Regional Free Trade Agreement which came into force in
the summer of
2007
and especially the Regional Cooperation Council
which in February
2008
will succeed the Stability Pact for SEE, con¬
sidered the most efficient project the
EU
has so far promoted in
terms of its cooperation with and support to the SEE countries.
The development of the integration relations between the
Western Balkan states and the
EU
progressed considerably in
2007.
Montenegro became the fourth country in the region to sign the
Stability and Association Agreement (SAA). A positive step forward
was made in the relations with Serbia by resuming and concluding
the negations on SAA eventually signed in November
2007.
It's almost beyond any doubt that the SEE countries will par¬
ticipate in the future enlargement of the Union having in mind
its political commitment to them. Croatia is set
tö
be the next to
join the club. The accession negotiations which were kicked off in
2005
are expected to be over by the end of
2009
resulting in the
268
Венелин Цачевски
*
Балканите. Европейският избор
country's official
EU
membership at the end of the present or the
very beginning of the next decade.
Macedonia is following in its footsteps, anticipating to be
invited to start negotiations with the
EU
in
2008.
Despite the spe¬
cific difficulties accompanying its integration process Turkey has
the status of applicant country and is currently holding accession
negotiations. The majority of the member states are in favour of
its future joining the Union.
At the same time, however, the relations between the
EU
and
the SEE countries have been facing different challenges. They are
primarily caused by obstacles in the domestic affairs of the coun¬
tries and by contradictions in their bilateral relations.
As a result, the speed and effectiveness of these countries'
integration have been hampered thus putting to the test the pol¬
icy of the
EU
which has proved to be a major international factor
for keeping the security in SEE and particularly in the Western
Balkans. The intervention of the Union was more than necessary
for easing the ethnic tensions in the region. Unfortunately, the
ethnic hostility still continues to exist there.
Another disturbing aspect is the relatively slow establish¬
ment of multilateral cooperation in SEE which, despite the good
neighbourly relations, has failed to lead to the creation of an ap¬
propriate mechanism for crisis management.
With the entry of Bulgaria and Romania into the
EU
the pos¬
sibilities in this respect have grown. However, up to now, there
hasn't really occurred any palpable change.
All three
EU
member states located in the region have disa¬
greements of a different nature with their neignbouring countries.
They pose problems before the
EU as
well since it is involved in
their ultimate settlement.
The main challenge for the stability in SEE and especially in
the Western Balkans is the persistent nationalism and the sepa¬
ratist sentiments in some of the countries. In
2007
the situation
was most unpredictable in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia
and Serbia.
Summary
269
Determining the status of Kosovo became the highest risk
for the stability in the Balkans in
2007,
It put to the test the suc-
cessfulness of the EU's policy in the region after the break-up of
former Yugoslavia.
The institutions of the Union and its leading member states
expressed their confidence that they have at their disposal enough
diplomatic, political, economic and, should any need arises, mili¬
tary means to tackle possible repercussions in case of a failure
between the Albanians and the Serbs in Kosovo.
Such optimism is, however, vulnerable since there is no over¬
all consent in the
EU on
that and its policy regarding the issue
doesn't always tend to take stock of the existing realities in the
region. The stability in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and, to a
large extent, in Macedonia has been kept primarily due to the ac¬
tive international commitment to their internal development.
The true difficulties for the
EU will
come to the fore after
the declaration of Kosovo's independence when the Union is to
take on the international responsibility for its fulfillment on the
ground. The negative implications of the breakaway of Kosovo
may as well not lead to an upheaval similar to the conflicts in the
90s'
but will most probably breed extreme nationalism, greater
instability and tension in the Western Balkans.
The extension of the international military presence and the
promised European perspective for the countries could fall short
of preventing an outcome of this kind. The possible speeding up
of Serbia's integration won't make a sufficient compensation for
the ioss of their province. The Serbs are Jikely to hold their ground
regarding the status of Kosovo even after both nations become
EU
members in the future.
There is a risk of the Kosovo issue triggering disputes and prob¬
lems which could erode and even jeopardize the validity of the under¬
lying course of the EU's policy in this part of SEE. It could bring forth
a revision of the already established form of government in some
countries, namely Bosnia and Herzegovina and Macedonia, thus
causing a dramatic change in the state boundaries in the region.
270
Венелин Цачевски
·
Балканите. Европейският избор
The active involvement of the
EU
is necessary here in the
future too, although it shouldn't be taken as an ultimate guarantee
for the stability in the Western Balkans. Besides, at the present
moment the
EU
is not considering or is hardly willing to alter its
policy in the region. Therefore, year
2008
will prove critical for the
real potential of the Union to prevent a new crisis and encourage
the integration process in the Balkans.
Given the existing conditions, Bulgaria and the other SEE
countries are in the position of mere observers of the develop¬
ments around Kosovo. However, they can't be expected to play
any different role as they are rather dependent in terms of their
foreign policy and regional unity.
The accession of Bulgaria to the
EU
has marked a new stage
of its national development. The long-awaited membership has
opened up a range of opportunities before the country but at the
same time it has presented some challenges which can't be tack¬
led with convincingly only on the basis of continuity of its overall
policy.
There should be taken measures towards a considerable in¬
crease in the effectiveness of the national institutions. This re¬
quires redefining the strategic national priorities and creating
ample political and social potential for their successful implemen¬
tation. The government of the country needs to be taken over by
leaders who enjoy strong national support and who are capable of
carrying out in the speediest possible way the further transforma¬
tion of Bulgaria into a truly developed democratic state.
Tlie
main objective for Bulgaria now is its quick adjustment
to the conditions in the
EU.
This task demands investing a lot of
effort in the economy and in the struggle with corruption and or¬
ganized crime. What will make a key difference is the efficient use
of the resources allocated for the country by the
EU
funds.
The Western Balkan states expect to get greater diplomatic,
expert and integration-related assistance from Bulgaria along their
road to
EU
accession. Bulgaria should also be an active exponent,
together with Greece and Romania, of the common interests of
Summary
271
the countries in the region with respect to the advancement of the
integration process and the EU's policy in SEE and internationally.
Of paramount importance for the Bulgarian foreign policy is
the building of such a partnership with the other member states
which is laid on a pragmatic basis and takes into account its na¬
tional interests. It is especially valid for the smaller member states
which represent a majority in the
EU
and are on the same footing
as Bulgaria in the Union.
Bulgaria will make much more of its participation in the
European integration
ifit
manages to increase its national poten¬
tial by furthering the democratic principles, boosting the econom¬
ic competitiveness and improving the standard of living. This is a
crucial condition for its being a worthy partner of the other mem¬
ber states, for defending its national priorities in a more effective
way and for benefiting from the opportunities
oîits
new status.
The membership in the
EU
is of strategic significance for
Bulgaria, Yet, the implications it can have for the country's devel¬
opment and foreign policy should be assessed somewhat realisti¬
cally.
Tlie
European integration as any other form of international
cooperation creates not only partnership relations but also com¬
petition and peaceful rivalry where an important, in many cases
even decisive, role is played by the balance of forces between the
participating states.
To sum up, the
EU
integration both offers prospects and
holds risks for Bulgaria whose economy is underperforming and
is heavily dependent on foreign investments and technologies.
Transferring more powers to the institutions of the
EU
limits the
scope of the national sovereignty.
ín
its turn, the progress
oí
the
integration relations and the common foreign and security policy
is affected by the difficulty to comply with the interests of the in¬
creased numbers of
EU
countries.
Therefore, Bulgaria's foreign and foreign-economic policy
shouldn't be restricted only within the framework of the
EU but
should rather be placed into a wider perspective. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)103648585 |
| author_facet | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- |
| author_variant | v c vc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023323586 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)239011117 (DE-599)BVBBV023323586 |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Türkei Rumänien Bulgarien Südosteuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV023323586 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:54:37Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:21:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789543214099 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016507638 |
| oclc_num | 239011117 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 277 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Izdat. "Iztok-Zapad" |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- Verfasser (DE-588)103648585 aut Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor Venelin Cačevski 1. izd. Sofija Izdat. "Iztok-Zapad" 2007 277 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: The Balkans - the European choice Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Beitrittsstaaten (DE-588)4698392-2 gnd rswk-swf Beitritt (DE-588)4120988-6 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd rswk-swf Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 gnd rswk-swf Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 gnd rswk-swf Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 gnd rswk-swf Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 gnd rswk-swf Südosteuropa (DE-588)4058449-5 g Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 s DE-604 Beitrittsstaaten (DE-588)4698392-2 s Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Bulgarien (DE-588)4008866-2 g Beitritt (DE-588)4120988-6 s Rumänien (DE-588)4050939-4 g Türkei (DE-588)4061163-2 g Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016507638&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016507638&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Cačevski, Venelin 1948- Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Beitrittsstaaten (DE-588)4698392-2 gnd Beitritt (DE-588)4120988-6 gnd Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4698392-2 (DE-588)4120988-6 (DE-588)4071013-0 (DE-588)4061163-2 (DE-588)4050939-4 (DE-588)4008866-2 (DE-588)4058449-5 |
| title | Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor |
| title_auth | Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor |
| title_exact_search | Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor |
| title_full | Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor Venelin Cačevski |
| title_fullStr | Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor Venelin Cačevski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor Venelin Cačevski |
| title_short | Balkanite - evropejskijat izbor |
| title_sort | balkanite evropejskijat izbor |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Beitrittsstaaten (DE-588)4698392-2 gnd Beitritt (DE-588)4120988-6 gnd Europäische Integration (DE-588)4071013-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Beitrittsstaaten Beitritt Europäische Integration Türkei Rumänien Bulgarien Südosteuropa |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016507638&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016507638&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cacevskivenelin balkaniteevropejskijatizbor |