Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry:
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Weinheim
Wiley-VCH
2008
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| Physical Description: | XXV, 463 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783527318766 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry |c ed. by Ali Eftekhari |
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b Wiley-VCH |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXV, 463 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 25 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanochimie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanomatériaux | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructures - Synthèse | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Électrochimie supramoléculaire | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Electrochemistry |x Materials | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanostructured materials | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Elektrochemie |0 (DE-588)4014241-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Nanostrukturiertes Material |0 (DE-588)4342626-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Elektrochemie |0 (DE-588)4014241-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Nanostrukturiertes Material |0 (DE-588)4342626-8 |D s |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Eftekhari, Ali |d 1979- |e Sonstige |0 (DE-588)13404228X |4 oth | |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016499174 | |
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IMAGE 1
NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
EDITED BY ALI EFIEKHARI
WILEYVCH
WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
FOREWORD BY R. ALKIRE V FOREWORD BY Y. COGOTSI AND P. SIMON VII PREFECE
XIX LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS XXIII
1 HIGHLY ORDERED ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA FORMATION BY SELF-ORGANIZED
ANODIZING 1 CRZEGORZ D. SULKA 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 ANODIZING OF ALUMINUM AND ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA STRUCTURE 6 1.2.1
TYPES OF ANODIC OXIDE FILM 7
1.2.2 GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA 8 1.2.2.1 PORE DIAMETER
9
1.2.2.2 INTERPORE DISTANCE 12
1.2.2.3 WALL THICKNESS 13
1.2.2.4 BARRIER LAYER THICKNESS 14 1.2.2.5 POROSITY 17
1.2.2.6 PORE DENSITY 19
1.2.3 INCORPORATION OF ANIONS 20
1.2.4 CELL-WALL STRUCTURE 23
1.2.5 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF OXIDE 26
1.2.6 DENSITY AND CHARGE OF OXIDE FILM 26 1.2.7 MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTIES
OF ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA 27 1.3 KINETICS OF SELF-ORGANIZED ANODIC POROUS
ALUMINA FORMATION 28
1.3.1 ANODIZING REGIMES AND CURRENT/POTENTIAL-TIME TRANSIENT 28 1.3.2
PORES INITIATION AND POROUS ALUMINA GROWTH 32 1.3.2.1 HISTORICAL
THEORIES 32 1.3.2.2 FIELD-ASSISTED MECHANISM OF POROUS FILM GROWTH 34
1.3.2.3 STEADY-STATE GROWTH OF POROUS ALUMINA 36 1.3.2.4 GROWTH MODELS
PROPOSED BY PATERMARAKIS AND COLLEAGUES 39
NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS IN SSECTROCHEMISTRY. EDITED BY ALI EFTEKHARI
COPYRIGHT 2008 WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN:
978-3-527-31876-6
IMAGE 3
XII CONTENTS
1.3.2.5 OTHER PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS OF POROUS ALUMINA
GROWTH 41
1.3.2.6 OTHER THEORETICAL MODELS OF POROUS ALUMINA GROWTH 44 1.3.3
VOLUME EXPANSION: THE PILLING-BEDWORTH RATIO (PBR) 45 1.3.4 RATES OF
OXIDE FORMATION AND OXIDE DISSOLUTION 46 1.4 SELF-ORGANIZED AND
PREPATTERNED-GUIDED GROWTH OF HIGHLY
ORDERED POROUS ALUMINA 50 1.4.1 ALUMINUM PRE-TREATMENT 53 1.4.2
SELF-ORGANIZED ANODIZING OF ALUMINUM 58 1.4.2.1 STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF
SELF-ORGANIZED AAO 60 1.4.2.2 ORDER DEGREE AND DEFECTS IN NANOPORE
ARRANGEMENT 74 1.4.3 POST-TREATMENT OFANODIC POROUS ALUMINA 81 1.4.3.1
REMOVAL OF THE ALUMINUM BASE 81 1.4.3.2 REMOVAL OF THE BARRIER LAYER 82
1.4.3.3 STRUCTURE AND THINNING OF THE BARRIER LAYER 85 1.4.3.4
RE-ANODIZATION OFANODIC POROUS ALUMINA 87 1.5 AAO TEMPLATE-ASSISTED
FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES 88
1.5.1 METAL NANODOTS, NANOWIRES, NANORODS, AND NANOTUBES 89 1.5.2 METAL
OXIDE NANODOTS, NANOWIRES, AND NANOTUBES 91 1.5.3 SEMICONDUCTOR
NANODOTS, NANOWIRES, NANOPILLARS, AND NANOPORE ARRAYS 91
1.5.4 POLYMER, ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NANOWIRES AND NANOTUBES 93 1.5.5
CARBON NANOTUBES 94 1.5.6 PHOTONIC CRYSTALS 95 1.5.7 OTHER NANOMATERIALS
(METALLIC AND DIAMOND MEMBRANES,
BIOMATERIALS) 95 REFERENCES 97
2 NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SYNTHESIZED USING ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
117 CRISTIANE P. OLIVEIRA, RENATO C. FREITAS, LUIZ H.C. MATTOSO, AND
EMESTO C. PEREIRA 2.1 INTRODUCTION 117
2.2 ANODIC SYNTHESIS 119
2.2.1 ELECTROPOLISHING AND ANODIZATION 119 2.2.2 POROUS ANODIC ALUMINA
128 2.2.2.1 POROUS ANODIC ALUMINA AS TEMPLATE 135 2.2.2.2 POROUS ANODIC
ALUMINA TO CREATE NANODEVICES 137 2.3 CATHODIC SYNTHESIS 144
2.3.1 NANOWIRES 144
2.3.1.1 TEMPLATE PROCEDURES TO PREPARE NANOWIRES 145 2.3.1.2 MAGNETIC
NANOWIRES 147 2.3.1.3 NANOTUBES 152 2.3.2 MULTILAYERS 158
IMAGE 4
2.3.3 OTHER MATERIALS 162
2.3.3.1 SEMICONDUCTORS 165
2.3.3.2 OXIDES 168
2.3.3.3 METALS 170
2.4 FINAL REMARKS 173
REFERENCES 174
3 TOP-DOWN APPROACHES TO THE FABRICATION OF NANOPATTERNED ELECTRODES 187
YVONNE H.LANYON AND DAMIEN W.M. ARRIGAN 3.1 INTRODUCTION 187
3.2 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHOOSING A NANOELECTRODE FABRICATION STRATEGY 189
3.3 NANOELECTRODE FABRICATION USING TOP-DOWN APPROACHES 190 3.3.1 E-BEAM
LITHOGRAPHY 191
3.3.2 FOCUSED ION BEAM LITHOGRAPHY 196 3.3.3 NANO-IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY
199 3.3.4 NANOGAP ELECTRODES 203
3.3.5 NON-HIGH-RESOLUTION TECHNIQUES 205 3.4 APPLICATIONS 206
3.5 CONCLUSIONS 207
REFERENCES 209
4 TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC NANOWIRE ARRAYS 211 SIMA VALIZADEH,
MATTIAS STROEMBERG, AND MARIA STRAMME 4.1 INTRODUCTION 211
4.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF NANOWIRES 213 4.2.1 FABRICATION OF
NANOELECTRODES 213 4.2.2 REACTIONS, DIFFUSION, AND NUCLEATION IN THE
ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF CO NANOWIRES 214
4.2.2.1 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF SPHERICAL DIFFUSION AT A NANODE
ARRAY 214 4.2.3 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF MAGNETIC MULTILAYERED NANOWIRE
ARRAYS 222
4.2.3.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF 8 NM AG/15 NM CO MULTILAYERED NANOWIRE
ARRAYS (WIRE DIAMETER 120 NM) 224 4.2.3.2 TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF 2 NM
AU/4 NM CO MULTILAYERED NANOWIRE ARRAYS (WIRE DIAMETER 110 NM) 225
4.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED NANOWIRES 231 4.3.1 MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRE ARRAYS 231 4.3.2 ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT
MEASUREMENTS ON SINGLE NANOWIRES USING FOCUSED ION BEAM DEPOSITION 234
4.4 SUMMARY 238
REFERENCES 238
CONTENTS XIII
IMAGE 5
XIV CONTENTS
5 ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS BASED ON UNIDIMENSIONAL
NANOSTRUCTURES 243 ARNALDO C. PEREIRA, ALEXANDRE KISNER, NELSON DURDN,
AND LAURO T. KUBOTA 5.1 INTRODUCTION 243
5.2 PREPARATION OF NANOWIRES AND NANOTUBES BY TEMPLATE-BASED SYNTHESIS
243 5.2.1 TEMPLATE-BASED MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 244 5.2.1.1 THE MEMORABLE
MARKS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NANOWIRES 247 5.2.2 NANOWIRES AS NANOELECTRODES
247 5.2.2.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF NANOELECTRODES 248 5.2.2.2
NANOELECTRODES BASED ON CHEMICALLY MODIFIED SURFACE 249 5.3 AN
ELECTROCHEMICAL STEP EDGE APPROACH 251 5.3.1 THE PREDETERMINANT
MECHANISM 251
5.3.2 NANOWIRE-BASED GAS SENSORS 253 5.4 ATOMIC METAL WIRES FROM
ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING/DEPOSITION 255 5.4.1 SENSING MOLECULAR
ADSORPTION WITH QUANTIZED NANOJUNCTION 257 5.5, FUTURE PROSPECTS AND
PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES 259 5.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 261
REFERENCES 262
6 SELF-ORGANIZED FORMATION OF LAYERED NANOSTRUCTURES BY OSCILLATORY
ELECTRODEPOSITION 267 SHUJI NAKANISHI 6.1 INTRODUCTION 267
6.1.1 SELF-ORGANIZED FORMATION OF ORDERED NANOSTRUCTURES 267 6.1.2
DYNAMIC SELF-ORGANIZATION IN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS 268 6.1.3 THE
IMPORTANT ROLE OF NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE (NDR) IN
ELECTROCHEMICAL OSCILLATIONS 271
6.1.4 OUTLINE OF THE PRESENT CHAPTER 272 6.2 CURRENT OSCILLATION
OBSERVED IN H 2 0 2 REDUCTION ON A PT ELECTRODE 273 6.3 NANOPERIOD CU-SN
AUOY MULTILAYERS 275 6.4 NANO-SCALE LAYERED STRUCTURES OF IRON-GROUP
ALLOYS 279
6.5 OTHER SYSTEMS 283
6.5.1 NANO-MULULAYERSOFCU/CU 2 0 283 6.5.2 AG-SB ALLOY WITH PERIODICAL
MODULATION OF THE ELEMENTAL RATIO 285 6.6 SUMMARY 286
REFERENCES 286
7 ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 291
OMAR ELKEDIM 7.1 INTRODUCTION 291
7.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 292
7.3 CONCLUSIONS 315
REFERENCES 315
IMAGE 6
CONTENTS XV
8 NANOSCALE ENGINEERING FOR THE MECHANICAL INTEGRITY OF LI-ION
ELECTRODE MATERIALS 319 KATERINA E. AIFANTIS AND STEPHEN A. HACKNEY 8.1
INTRODUCTION 319
8.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLING AND DAMAGE OF ELECTRODES 320 8.2.1 FRACTURE
PROCESS OF PLANAR ELECTRODES 320 8.2.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLING OF
PARTICULATE ELECTRODES 323 8.3 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR
NANOSTRUCTURED ANODES 330 8.3.1 NANOSTRUCTURED METAL ANODES 331
8.3.1.1 SN AND SN-SB ANODES AT THE NANOSCALE 331 8.3.1.2 SI ANODES AT
THE NANOSCALE 331 8.3.1.3 BI ANODES AT THE NANOSCALE 333 8.3.2
EMBEDDING/ENCAPSULATING ACTIVE MATERIALS IN LESS-ACTIVE
MATERIALS 334
8.3.2.1 SN-BASED ANODES 335
8.3.2.2 SI-BASED ANODES 337
8.4 MODELING INTERNAL STRESSES AND FRACTURE OF LI-ANODES 339 8.4.1
STRESSES INSIDE THE MATRIX 339
8.4.2 STABLE CRACK GROWTH 341
8.4.3 GRIFFITH'S CRITERION 342
8.4.4 NO CRACKING 344
8.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK 345
REFERENCES 345
9 NANOSTRUCTURED HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS SYNTHESIZED BY MECHANICAL
ALLOYING 349 MIECZYSLAWJURCZYK AND MAREK NOWAK 9.1 INTRODUCTION 349
9.1.1 THE ARM OF THE RESEARCH 349
9.1.2 TYPESOF HYDRIDE 352
9.1.3 THE ABSORPTION-DESORPTION PROCESS 353 9.1.4 HYDRIDES BASED ON
INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF TRANSITION METALS 354
9.1.5 PROSPECTS FOR NANOSTRUCTURED METAL HYDRIDES 355 9.2 THE
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF THE HYDRIDE ELECTRODE AND THE NI-MH BATTERY 357
9.2.1 THE HYDRIDE ELECTRODE 357
9.2.2 THE NI-MH BATTERY 357
9.2.2.1 NORMAL CHARGE-DISCHARGE REACTIONS 357 9.2.2.2 OVERCHARGE
REACTIONS 357 9.2.2.3 OVER-DISCHARGE REACTION 358 9.3 AN OVERVIEW OF
HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS 358 9.3.1 THE TIFE-TYPE SYSTEM 359
9.3.2 THE ZRV 2 -TYPE SYSTEM 364
9.3.3 THE LANI 5 -TYPE SYSTEM 366
IMAGE 7
XVI CONTENTS
9.3.4 THE MG 2 NI-TYPE SYSTEM 369
9.3.5 NANOCOMPOSITES 371
9.4 ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES 376
9.5 SEALED NI-MH BATTERIES 381
9.6 CONCLUSIONS 382
REFERENCES 383
10 NANOSIZED TITANIUM OXIDES FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION 387
AURELIEN DU PASQUIER 10.1 INTRODUCTION 387
10.2 PREPARATION OF NANOSIZED TITANIUM OXIDE POWDERS 387 10.2.1 WET
CHEMISTRY ROUTES 387
10.2.2 CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION 389 10.2.3 VAPOR-PHASE HYDROLYSIS 389
10.2.4 PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION 390 10.3 OTHER TI0 2 NANOSTRUCTURES 390
10.4 PREPARATION OF NANO-LI 4 TI 5 0 12 390
10.5 NANO-II 4 TI50 12 SPINEL APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES 393
10.5.1 ASYMMETRIE HYBRID SUPERCAPACITORS 394 10.5.2 HIGH-POWER LI-ION
BATTERIES 396 10.6 NANO-TI0 2 ANATASE FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION 398
10.6.1 TI0 2 ROLE IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS 398
10.6.2 TRAP-LIMITED ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN NANOSIZED TI0 2 399 10.6.3
ELECTRON RECOMBINATION IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS 400 10.6.4
PREPARATION OF FLEXIBLE TI0 2 PHOTOANODES 401
10.6.4.1 SOL-GEL ADDITIVES 402 10.6.4.2 MECHANICAL COMPRESSION 403
10.6.4.3 METALLIC FOILS 403 10.7 CONCLUSIONS 404
REFERENCES 405
11 DNA BIOSENSORS BASED ON NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 409 ADRIANA
FERANCOVAE AND JAN LABUDA 11.1 INTRODUCTION 409
11.2 NANOMATERIALS IN DNA BIOSENSORS 410 11.2.1 CARBON NANOTUBES 410
11.2.1.1 ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY OF CNTS 411 11.2.1.2
CNT-DNA INTERACTION 412 11.2.1.3 CNTS IN DNA BIOSENSORS 413 11.2.2
FULLERENES 422
11.2.3 DIAMOND AND CARBON NANOFIBERS 423 11.2.3.1 DIAMOND 423
11.2.3.2 CARBON NANOFIBERS 424 11.2.4 CLAYS 424
IMAGE 8
11.2.5 METAL NANOPARTICLES 425
11.3 CONCLUSIONS 428
REFERENCES 430
12 METAL NANOPARTICLES: APPLICATIONS IN ELECTROANALYSIS 435 NATHAN S.
LAWRENCE AND HAN-PU LIANG 12.1 INTRODUCTION 435
12.2 ELECTROANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS 439 12.2.1 GOLD NANOPARTICLES 439
12.2.2 PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES 441 12.2.3 SILVER NANOPARTICLES 442 12.2.4
PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES 443
12.2.5 COPPER NANOPARTICLES 448 12.2.6 NICKEL NANOPARTICLES 449 12.2.7
IRON NANOPARTICLES 449 12.2.8 NANOPARTICLES OF OTHER METALLIC SPECIES
450 12.3 FUTURE PROSPECTIVES 451
REFERENCES 451
CONTENTS XVII
INDEX 459 |
| adam_txt |
IMAGE 1
NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY
EDITED BY ALI EFIEKHARI
WILEYVCH
WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
FOREWORD BY R. ALKIRE V FOREWORD BY Y. COGOTSI AND P. SIMON VII PREFECE
XIX LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS XXIII
1 HIGHLY ORDERED ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA FORMATION BY SELF-ORGANIZED
ANODIZING 1 CRZEGORZ D. SULKA 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.2 ANODIZING OF ALUMINUM AND ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA STRUCTURE 6 1.2.1
TYPES OF ANODIC OXIDE FILM 7
1.2.2 GENERAL STRUCTURE OF ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA 8 1.2.2.1 PORE DIAMETER
9
1.2.2.2 INTERPORE DISTANCE 12
1.2.2.3 WALL THICKNESS 13
1.2.2.4 BARRIER LAYER THICKNESS 14 1.2.2.5 POROSITY 17
1.2.2.6 PORE DENSITY 19
1.2.3 INCORPORATION OF ANIONS 20
1.2.4 CELL-WALL STRUCTURE 23
1.2.5 CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF OXIDE 26
1.2.6 DENSITY AND CHARGE OF OXIDE FILM 26 1.2.7 MISCELLANEOUS PROPERTIES
OF ANODIC POROUS ALUMINA 27 1.3 KINETICS OF SELF-ORGANIZED ANODIC POROUS
ALUMINA FORMATION 28
1.3.1 ANODIZING REGIMES AND CURRENT/POTENTIAL-TIME TRANSIENT 28 1.3.2
PORES INITIATION AND POROUS ALUMINA GROWTH 32 1.3.2.1 HISTORICAL
THEORIES 32 1.3.2.2 FIELD-ASSISTED MECHANISM OF POROUS FILM GROWTH 34
1.3.2.3 STEADY-STATE GROWTH OF POROUS ALUMINA 36 1.3.2.4 GROWTH MODELS
PROPOSED BY PATERMARAKIS AND COLLEAGUES 39
NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS IN SSECTROCHEMISTRY. EDITED BY ALI EFTEKHARI
COPYRIGHT 2008 WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN:
978-3-527-31876-6
IMAGE 3
XII CONTENTS
1.3.2.5 OTHER PHENOMENOLOGICAL MODELS OF POROUS ALUMINA
GROWTH 41
1.3.2.6 OTHER THEORETICAL MODELS OF POROUS ALUMINA GROWTH 44 1.3.3
VOLUME EXPANSION: THE PILLING-BEDWORTH RATIO (PBR) 45 1.3.4 RATES OF
OXIDE FORMATION AND OXIDE DISSOLUTION 46 1.4 SELF-ORGANIZED AND
PREPATTERNED-GUIDED GROWTH OF HIGHLY
ORDERED POROUS ALUMINA 50 1.4.1 ALUMINUM PRE-TREATMENT 53 1.4.2
SELF-ORGANIZED ANODIZING OF ALUMINUM 58 1.4.2.1 STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF
SELF-ORGANIZED AAO 60 1.4.2.2 ORDER DEGREE AND DEFECTS IN NANOPORE
ARRANGEMENT 74 1.4.3 POST-TREATMENT OFANODIC POROUS ALUMINA 81 1.4.3.1
REMOVAL OF THE ALUMINUM BASE 81 1.4.3.2 REMOVAL OF THE BARRIER LAYER 82
1.4.3.3 STRUCTURE AND THINNING OF THE BARRIER LAYER 85 1.4.3.4
RE-ANODIZATION OFANODIC POROUS ALUMINA 87 1.5 AAO TEMPLATE-ASSISTED
FABRICATION OF NANOSTRUCTURES 88
1.5.1 METAL NANODOTS, NANOWIRES, NANORODS, AND NANOTUBES 89 1.5.2 METAL
OXIDE NANODOTS, NANOWIRES, AND NANOTUBES 91 1.5.3 SEMICONDUCTOR
NANODOTS, NANOWIRES, NANOPILLARS, AND NANOPORE ARRAYS 91
1.5.4 POLYMER, ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NANOWIRES AND NANOTUBES 93 1.5.5
CARBON NANOTUBES 94 1.5.6 PHOTONIC CRYSTALS 95 1.5.7 OTHER NANOMATERIALS
(METALLIC AND DIAMOND MEMBRANES,
BIOMATERIALS) 95 REFERENCES 97
2 NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS SYNTHESIZED USING ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
117 CRISTIANE P. OLIVEIRA, RENATO C. FREITAS, LUIZ H.C. MATTOSO, AND
EMESTO C. PEREIRA 2.1 INTRODUCTION 117
2.2 ANODIC SYNTHESIS 119
2.2.1 ELECTROPOLISHING AND ANODIZATION 119 2.2.2 POROUS ANODIC ALUMINA
128 2.2.2.1 POROUS ANODIC ALUMINA AS TEMPLATE 135 2.2.2.2 POROUS ANODIC
ALUMINA TO CREATE NANODEVICES 137 2.3 CATHODIC SYNTHESIS 144
2.3.1 NANOWIRES 144
2.3.1.1 TEMPLATE PROCEDURES TO PREPARE NANOWIRES 145 2.3.1.2 MAGNETIC
NANOWIRES 147 2.3.1.3 NANOTUBES 152 2.3.2 MULTILAYERS 158
IMAGE 4
2.3.3 OTHER MATERIALS 162
2.3.3.1 SEMICONDUCTORS 165
2.3.3.2 OXIDES 168
2.3.3.3 METALS 170
2.4 FINAL REMARKS 173
REFERENCES 174
3 TOP-DOWN APPROACHES TO THE FABRICATION OF NANOPATTERNED ELECTRODES 187
YVONNE H.LANYON AND DAMIEN W.M. ARRIGAN 3.1 INTRODUCTION 187
3.2 CONSIDERATIONS FOR CHOOSING A NANOELECTRODE FABRICATION STRATEGY 189
3.3 NANOELECTRODE FABRICATION USING TOP-DOWN APPROACHES 190 3.3.1 E-BEAM
LITHOGRAPHY 191
3.3.2 FOCUSED ION BEAM LITHOGRAPHY 196 3.3.3 NANO-IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY
199 3.3.4 NANOGAP ELECTRODES 203
3.3.5 NON-HIGH-RESOLUTION TECHNIQUES 205 3.4 APPLICATIONS 206
3.5 CONCLUSIONS 207
REFERENCES 209
4 TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC NANOWIRE ARRAYS 211 SIMA VALIZADEH,
MATTIAS STROEMBERG, AND MARIA STRAMME 4.1 INTRODUCTION 211
4.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF NANOWIRES 213 4.2.1 FABRICATION OF
NANOELECTRODES 213 4.2.2 REACTIONS, DIFFUSION, AND NUCLEATION IN THE
ELECTROCHEMICAL DEPOSITION OF CO NANOWIRES 214
4.2.2.1 THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS OF SPHERICAL DIFFUSION AT A NANODE
ARRAY 214 4.2.3 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF MAGNETIC MULTILAYERED NANOWIRE
ARRAYS 222
4.2.3.1 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF 8 NM AG/15 NM CO MULTILAYERED NANOWIRE
ARRAYS (WIRE DIAMETER 120 NM) 224 4.2.3.2 TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF 2 NM
AU/4 NM CO MULTILAYERED NANOWIRE ARRAYS (WIRE DIAMETER 110 NM) 225
4.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ELECTRODEPOSITED NANOWIRES 231 4.3.1 MAGNETIC
PROPERTIES OF NANOWIRE ARRAYS 231 4.3.2 ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT
MEASUREMENTS ON SINGLE NANOWIRES USING FOCUSED ION BEAM DEPOSITION 234
4.4 SUMMARY 238
REFERENCES 238
CONTENTS XIII
IMAGE 5
XIV CONTENTS
5 ELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS BASED ON UNIDIMENSIONAL
NANOSTRUCTURES 243 ARNALDO C. PEREIRA, ALEXANDRE KISNER, NELSON DURDN,
AND LAURO T. KUBOTA 5.1 INTRODUCTION 243
5.2 PREPARATION OF NANOWIRES AND NANOTUBES BY TEMPLATE-BASED SYNTHESIS
243 5.2.1 TEMPLATE-BASED MESOPOROUS MATERIALS 244 5.2.1.1 THE MEMORABLE
MARKS OF ELECTROCHEMICAL NANOWIRES 247 5.2.2 NANOWIRES AS NANOELECTRODES
247 5.2.2.1 ELECTROCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF NANOELECTRODES 248 5.2.2.2
NANOELECTRODES BASED ON CHEMICALLY MODIFIED SURFACE 249 5.3 AN
ELECTROCHEMICAL STEP EDGE APPROACH 251 5.3.1 THE PREDETERMINANT
MECHANISM 251
5.3.2 NANOWIRE-BASED GAS SENSORS 253 5.4 ATOMIC METAL WIRES FROM
ELECTROCHEMICAL ETCHING/DEPOSITION 255 5.4.1 SENSING MOLECULAR
ADSORPTION WITH QUANTIZED NANOJUNCTION 257 5.5, FUTURE PROSPECTS AND
PROMISING TECHNOLOGIES 259 5.6 CONCLUDING REMARKS 261
REFERENCES 262
6 SELF-ORGANIZED FORMATION OF LAYERED NANOSTRUCTURES BY OSCILLATORY
ELECTRODEPOSITION 267 SHUJI NAKANISHI 6.1 INTRODUCTION 267
6.1.1 SELF-ORGANIZED FORMATION OF ORDERED NANOSTRUCTURES 267 6.1.2
DYNAMIC SELF-ORGANIZATION IN ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS 268 6.1.3 THE
IMPORTANT ROLE OF NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE (NDR) IN
ELECTROCHEMICAL OSCILLATIONS 271
6.1.4 OUTLINE OF THE PRESENT CHAPTER 272 6.2 CURRENT OSCILLATION
OBSERVED IN H 2 0 2 REDUCTION ON A PT ELECTRODE 273 6.3 NANOPERIOD CU-SN
AUOY MULTILAYERS 275 6.4 NANO-SCALE LAYERED STRUCTURES OF IRON-GROUP
ALLOYS 279
6.5 OTHER SYSTEMS 283
6.5.1 NANO-MULULAYERSOFCU/CU 2 0 283 6.5.2 AG-SB ALLOY WITH PERIODICAL
MODULATION OF THE ELEMENTAL RATIO 285 6.6 SUMMARY 286
REFERENCES 286
7 ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOUR OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 291
OMAR ELKEDIM 7.1 INTRODUCTION 291
7.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF NANOCRYSTALLINE MATERIALS 292
7.3 CONCLUSIONS 315
REFERENCES 315
IMAGE 6
CONTENTS XV
8 NANOSCALE ENGINEERING FOR THE MECHANICAL INTEGRITY OF LI-ION
ELECTRODE MATERIALS 319 KATERINA E. AIFANTIS AND STEPHEN A. HACKNEY 8.1
INTRODUCTION 319
8.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLING AND DAMAGE OF ELECTRODES 320 8.2.1 FRACTURE
PROCESS OF PLANAR ELECTRODES 320 8.2.2 ELECTROCHEMICAL CYCLING OF
PARTICULATE ELECTRODES 323 8.3 ELECTROCHEMICAL PROPERTIES FOR
NANOSTRUCTURED ANODES 330 8.3.1 NANOSTRUCTURED METAL ANODES 331
8.3.1.1 SN AND SN-SB ANODES AT THE NANOSCALE 331 8.3.1.2 SI ANODES AT
THE NANOSCALE 331 8.3.1.3 BI ANODES AT THE NANOSCALE 333 8.3.2
EMBEDDING/ENCAPSULATING ACTIVE MATERIALS IN LESS-ACTIVE
MATERIALS 334
8.3.2.1 SN-BASED ANODES 335
8.3.2.2 SI-BASED ANODES 337
8.4 MODELING INTERNAL STRESSES AND FRACTURE OF LI-ANODES 339 8.4.1
STRESSES INSIDE THE MATRIX 339
8.4.2 STABLE CRACK GROWTH 341
8.4.3 GRIFFITH'S CRITERION 342
8.4.4 NO CRACKING 344
8.5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE OUTLOOK 345
REFERENCES 345
9 NANOSTRUCTURED HYDROGEN STORAGE MATERIALS SYNTHESIZED BY MECHANICAL
ALLOYING 349 MIECZYSLAWJURCZYK AND MAREK NOWAK 9.1 INTRODUCTION 349
9.1.1 THE ARM OF THE RESEARCH 349
9.1.2 TYPESOF HYDRIDE 352
9.1.3 THE ABSORPTION-DESORPTION PROCESS 353 9.1.4 HYDRIDES BASED ON
INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS OF TRANSITION METALS 354
9.1.5 PROSPECTS FOR NANOSTRUCTURED METAL HYDRIDES 355 9.2 THE
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPT OF THE HYDRIDE ELECTRODE AND THE NI-MH BATTERY 357
9.2.1 THE HYDRIDE ELECTRODE 357
9.2.2 THE NI-MH BATTERY 357
9.2.2.1 NORMAL CHARGE-DISCHARGE REACTIONS 357 9.2.2.2 OVERCHARGE
REACTIONS 357 9.2.2.3 OVER-DISCHARGE REACTION 358 9.3 AN OVERVIEW OF
HYDROGEN STORAGE SYSTEMS 358 9.3.1 THE TIFE-TYPE SYSTEM 359
9.3.2 THE ZRV 2 -TYPE SYSTEM 364
9.3.3 THE LANI 5 -TYPE SYSTEM 366
IMAGE 7
XVI CONTENTS
9.3.4 THE MG 2 NI-TYPE SYSTEM 369
9.3.5 NANOCOMPOSITES 371
9.4 ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES 376
9.5 SEALED NI-MH BATTERIES 381
9.6 CONCLUSIONS 382
REFERENCES 383
10 NANOSIZED TITANIUM OXIDES FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND CONVERSION 387
AURELIEN DU PASQUIER 10.1 INTRODUCTION 387
10.2 PREPARATION OF NANOSIZED TITANIUM OXIDE POWDERS 387 10.2.1 WET
CHEMISTRY ROUTES 387
10.2.2 CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION 389 10.2.3 VAPOR-PHASE HYDROLYSIS 389
10.2.4 PHYSICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION 390 10.3 OTHER TI0 2 NANOSTRUCTURES 390
10.4 PREPARATION OF NANO-LI 4 TI 5 0 12 390
10.5 NANO-II 4 TI50 12 SPINEL APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES 393
10.5.1 ASYMMETRIE HYBRID SUPERCAPACITORS 394 10.5.2 HIGH-POWER LI-ION
BATTERIES 396 10.6 NANO-TI0 2 ANATASE FOR SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION 398
10.6.1 TI0 2 ROLE IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS 398
10.6.2 TRAP-LIMITED ELECTRON TRANSPORT IN NANOSIZED TI0 2 399 10.6.3
ELECTRON RECOMBINATION IN DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS 400 10.6.4
PREPARATION OF FLEXIBLE TI0 2 PHOTOANODES 401
10.6.4.1 SOL-GEL ADDITIVES 402 10.6.4.2 MECHANICAL COMPRESSION 403
10.6.4.3 METALLIC FOILS 403 10.7 CONCLUSIONS 404
REFERENCES 405
11 DNA BIOSENSORS BASED ON NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS 409 ADRIANA
FERANCOVAE AND JAN LABUDA 11.1 INTRODUCTION 409
11.2 NANOMATERIALS IN DNA BIOSENSORS 410 11.2.1 CARBON NANOTUBES 410
11.2.1.1 ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY OF CNTS 411 11.2.1.2
CNT-DNA INTERACTION 412 11.2.1.3 CNTS IN DNA BIOSENSORS 413 11.2.2
FULLERENES 422
11.2.3 DIAMOND AND CARBON NANOFIBERS 423 11.2.3.1 DIAMOND 423
11.2.3.2 CARBON NANOFIBERS 424 11.2.4 CLAYS 424
IMAGE 8
11.2.5 METAL NANOPARTICLES 425
11.3 CONCLUSIONS 428
REFERENCES 430
12 METAL NANOPARTICLES: APPLICATIONS IN ELECTROANALYSIS 435 NATHAN S.
LAWRENCE AND HAN-PU LIANG 12.1 INTRODUCTION 435
12.2 ELECTROANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS 439 12.2.1 GOLD NANOPARTICLES 439
12.2.2 PLATINUM NANOPARTICLES 441 12.2.3 SILVER NANOPARTICLES 442 12.2.4
PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES 443
12.2.5 COPPER NANOPARTICLES 448 12.2.6 NICKEL NANOPARTICLES 449 12.2.7
IRON NANOPARTICLES 449 12.2.8 NANOPARTICLES OF OTHER METALLIC SPECIES
450 12.3 FUTURE PROSPECTIVES 451
REFERENCES 451
CONTENTS XVII
INDEX 459 |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:51:46Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:40:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527318766 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016499174 |
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| spelling | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry ed. by Ali Eftekhari Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2008 XXV, 463 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Nanochimie Nanomatériaux Nanostructures - Synthèse Électrochimie supramoléculaire Electrochemistry Materials Nanostructured materials Elektrochemie (DE-588)4014241-3 gnd rswk-swf Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd rswk-swf Elektrochemie (DE-588)4014241-3 s Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 s DE-604 Eftekhari, Ali 1979- Sonstige (DE-588)13404228X oth text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2982710&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016499174&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry Nanochimie Nanomatériaux Nanostructures - Synthèse Électrochimie supramoléculaire Electrochemistry Materials Nanostructured materials Elektrochemie (DE-588)4014241-3 gnd Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014241-3 (DE-588)4342626-8 |
| title | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry |
| title_auth | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry |
| title_exact_search | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry |
| title_full | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry ed. by Ali Eftekhari |
| title_fullStr | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry ed. by Ali Eftekhari |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry ed. by Ali Eftekhari |
| title_short | Nanostructured materials in electrochemistry |
| title_sort | nanostructured materials in electrochemistry |
| topic | Nanochimie Nanomatériaux Nanostructures - Synthèse Électrochimie supramoléculaire Electrochemistry Materials Nanostructured materials Elektrochemie (DE-588)4014241-3 gnd Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nanochimie Nanomatériaux Nanostructures - Synthèse Électrochimie supramoléculaire Electrochemistry Materials Nanostructured materials Elektrochemie Nanostrukturiertes Material |
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