Surface science: foundations of catalysis and nanoscience
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester
Wiley
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Publisher description Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Beschreibung: | XI, 486 S. Ill., graph. Darst |
| ISBN: | 9780470033081 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Kolasinski, Kurt W. |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)138439060 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Surface science |b foundations of catalysis and nanoscience |c Kurt Kolasinski |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester |b Wiley |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XI, 486 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Surface chemistry | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Surfaces (Physics) | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Catalysis | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Nanoscience | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Oberflächenphysik |0 (DE-588)4134881-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Oberflächenchemie |0 (DE-588)4126166-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Heterogene Katalyse |0 (DE-588)4123377-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2007046838-t.html |3 Table of contents only | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016498382&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137649520246784 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Acknowledgements
xiii
Introduction
1
1.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis
2
1.2
Why Surfaces?
3
1.3
Where are Heterogeneous Reactions Important?
4
1.3.1
Haber-Bosch Process
4
1.3.2
Fischer-Tropsch Chemistry
4
1.3.3
Three-way Catalyst
5
1.4
Semiconductor Processing and Nanotechnology
5
1.5
Other Areas of Relevance
6
1.6
Structure of the Book
6
References
9
1
Bulk and Surface Structure
11
1.1
Clean Surface Structure
12
1.1.1
Ideal Flat Surfaces
12
1.1.2
High Index and Vicinal Planes
17
1.1.3
Faceted Surfaces
19
1.1.4
Bimetallic Surfaces
19
1.1.5
Porous Solids
20
1.1.6
Oxide Surfaces
23
1.2
Reconstruction and
Adsórbate
Structure
27
1.2.1
Implications of Surface Heterogeneity for Adsorbates
27
1.2.2
Clean Surface Reconstructions
27
1.2.3
Adsórbate
Induced Reconstructions
28
1.2.4
Islands
32
1.2.5
Chiral Surfaces
32
1.3
Band Structure of Solids
35
1.3.1
Bulk Electronic States
35
1.3.2
Metals, Semiconductors and Insulators
35
1.3.3
Energy Levels at Metal Interfaces
40
vi
Contents
1.3.4
Energy
Levels at Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces
41
1.3.5
Surface Electronic States
43
1.3.6
Size Effects in Nanoscale Systems
46
1.4
The Vibrations of Solids
48
1.4.1
Bulk Systems
48
1.4.2
Nanoscale Systems
50
1.5
Summary of Important Concepts
50
1.6
Frontiers and Challenges
51
1.7
Further Reading
51
1.8
Exercises
52
References
54
2
Experimental Probes and Techniques
57
2.1
Ultrahigh Vacuum
57
2.1.1
The Need for UHV
57
2.1.2
Attaining UHV
58
2.2
Light and Electron Sources
60
2.2.1
Types of Lasers
61
2.2.2
Atomic Lamps
61
2.2.3
Synchrotrons
61
2.2.4
Free Electron Laser
(FEL)
63
2.2.5
Electron Guns
64
2.3
Molecular Beams
64
2.3.1
Knudsen Molecular Beams
64
2.3.2
Free Jets
66
2.2.3
Comparison of Knudsen and Supersonic Beams
68
2.4
Scanning Probe Techniques
71
2.4.1
Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM)
71
2.4.2
Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy
(STS)
76
2.4.3
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
77
2.4.4
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)
81
2.5
Low Energy Electron Diffraction
(LEED)
84
Advanced Topic:
LEED
Structure Determination
86
2.6
Electron Spectroscopy
91
2.6.1
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
92
2.6.2
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
97
Advanced Topic: Multiphoton
Photoemission (MPPE) 102
2.6.3
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
103
2.6.4
Photoelectron Microscopy
107
2.7
Vibrational Spectroscopy
109
2.7.1
IR
Spectroscopy 111
2.7.2
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)
116
2.8
Other Surface Analytical Techniques
118
2.9
Summary of Important Concepts
118
2.10
Frontiers and Challenges
119
2.11
Further Reading
119
Contents
vii
2.12
Exercises
120
References
123
Chemisorption, Physisorption and Dynamics
127
3.1
Types
of
Interactions
127
3.2
Binding
Sites and Diffusion
128
3.3
Physisorption
133
Advanced
Topic: Theoretical
Description
of
Physisorption
133
3.4
Nondissociative
Chemisorption
134
3.4.1
Theoretical
Treatment
of
Chemisorption
134
3.4.2
The Blyholder Model of CO Chemisorption on a Metal
138
3.4.3
Molecular Oxygen Chemisorption
141
3.4.4
The Binding of Ethene
142
3.5
Dissociative Chemisorption: H2 on a Simple Metal
143
3.6
What Determines the Reactivity of Metals?
145
3.7
Atoms and Molecules Incident on a Surface
148
3.7.1
Scattering Channels
148
3.7.2
Nonactivated Adsorption
151
3.7.3
Hard Cube Model
153
3.7.4
Activated Adsorption
156
3.7.5
Direct versus Precursor Mediated Adsorption
157
3.8
Microscopic Reversibility in Ad/desorption Phenomena
161
3.9
The Influence of Individual Degrees of Freedom on Adsorption and
Desorption
166
3.9.1
Energy Exchange
167
3.9.2
PES
Topography and the Relative Efficacy of Energetic
Components
168
3.10
Translations, Corrugation, Surface Atom Motions
169
3.10.1
Effects on Adsorption
169
3.10.2
Connecting Adsorption and Desorption with Microscopic
Reversibility
172
3.10.3
Normal Energy Scaling
174
3.11
Rotations and Adsorption
176
3.11.1
Nonactivated Adsorption
176
3.11.2
Activated Adsorption
178
3.12
Vibrations and Adsorption
178
3.13
Competitive Adsorption and Collision Induced Processes
179
Advanced Topic: High-Energy Collisions
181
3.14
Classification of Reaction Mechanisms
182
3.14.1
Langmuir-Hinshelwood Mechanism
183
3.14.2
Ełey-Rideal
Mechanism
185
3.14.3
Hot Atom Mechanism
186
3.15
Measurement of Sticking Coefficients
187
3.16
Summary of Important Concepts
191
3.17
Frontiers and Challenges
192
3.18
Further Reading
192
viii Contents
3.19
Exercises
193
References
201
4
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption
207
4.1
Thermodynamics of Ad/desorption
207
4.1.1
Binding Energies and Activation Barriers
207
4.1.2
Thermodynamic Quantities
209
4.1.3
Some Definitions
210
4.1.4
The Heat of Adsorption
211
4.2
Adsorption Isotherms from Thermodynamics
213
4.3
Lateral Interactions
216
4.4
Rate of Desorption
217
4.4.1
First-order Desorption
218
4.4.2
Transition State Theory Treatment of First-order Desorption
219
4.4.3
Thermodynamic Treatment of First-order Desorption
223
4.4.4
Nonfirst-order Desorption
225
4.5
Kinetics of Adsorption
226
4.5.1
CTST Approach to Adsorption Kinetics
226
4.5.2
Langmuirian Adsorption:
Nondissociative
Adsorption
227
4.5.3
Langmuirian Adsorption: Dissociative Adsorption
230
4.5.4
Dissociative Langmuirian Adsorption with Lateral Interactions
231
4.5.5
Precursor Mediated Adsorption
232
4.6
Adsorption Isotherms from Kinetics
234
4.6.1
Langmuir Isotherm
235
4.6.2
Classification of Adsorption Isotherms
236
4.6.3
Thermodynamic Measurements via Isotherms
238
4.7
Temperature Programmed Desorption
(TPD)
238
4.7.1
The Basis of
TPD
238
4.7.2
Qualitative Analysis of
TPD
Spectra
240
4.7.3
Quantitative Analysis of
TPD
Spectra
243
4.8
Summary of Important Concepts
246
4.9
Frontiers and Challenges
247
4.10
Further Reading
247
4.11
Exercises
248
References
252
5
Liquid Interfaces
255
5.1
Structure of the Liquid/Solid Interface
255
5.1.1
The Structure of the Water/Solid Interface
258
5.2
Surface Energy and Surface Tension
260
5.2.1
Liquid Surfaces
261
5.2.2
Curved Interfaces
263
5.3
Liquid Films
265
5.3.1
Liquid-on-solid Films
265
5.4
Langmuir Films
267
5.5
Langmuir-Blodgett Films
269
Contents ix
5.5.1
Capillary Condensation and Meniscus Formation
269
5.5.2
Vertical Deposition
272
5.5.3
Horizontal Lifting (Shaefer s Method)
273
5.6
Self-assembled Monolayers (SAMs)
274
5.6.1
Thermodynamics of Self-assembly
275
5.6.2
Amphiphiles and Bonding Interactions
277
5.6.3
Mechanism of SAM Formation
277
Advanced Topic: Chemistry with Self-Assembled Monolayers
281
5.7
Thermodynamics of Liquid Interfaces
281
5.7.1
The Gibbs Model
281
5.7.2
Surface Excess
283
5.7.3
Interfacial
Enthalpy and Internal, Helmholtz and Gibbs
Surface Energies
283
5.7.4
Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm
285
5.8
Electrified and Charged Interfaces
285
5.8.1
Surface Charge and Potential
285
5.8.2
Relating Work Functions to the Electrochemical Series
288
5.9
Summary of Important Concepts
290
5.10
Frontiers and Challenges
291
5.11
Further Reading
291
5.12
Exercises
292
References
293
Heterogeneous Catalysis
295
6.1
The Prominence of Heterogeneous Reactions
295
6.2
Measurement of Surface Kinetics and Reaction
Mechanisms
296
6.3
Haber-Bosch Process
302
6.4
From Microscopic Kinetics to Catalysis
306
6.4.1
Reaction Kinetics
307
6.4.2
Kinetic Analysis using
De Donder
Relations
308
6.4.3
Definition of the Rate Determining Step (RDS)
309
6.4.4
Microkinetic Analysis of Ammonia Synthesis
310
6.5
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis and Related Chemistry
313
6.6
The Three-way Automotive Catalyst
317
6.7
Promoters
320
6.8
Poisons
321
6.9
Bimetallic and Bifunctional Catalysts
323
6.10
Rate Oscillations and
Spatiotemporal
Pattern Formation
324
Advanced Topic: Cluster Assembled Catalysts
326
6.11
Sabatier Analysis and Optimal Catalyst Selection
327
6.12
Summary of Important Concepts
329
6.13
Frontiers and Challenges
330
6.14
Further Reading
330
6.15
Exercises
331
References
333
χ
Contents
7
Growth and Epitaxy
337
7.1
Stress and Strain
337
7.2
Types of Interfaces
341
7.2.1
Strain Relief
341
7.3
Surface Energy, Surface Tension and Strain Energy
343
7.4
Growth Modes
345
7.4.1
Solid-on-Solid Growth
345
7.4.2
Strain in Solid-on-Solid Growth
346
7.4.3
Ostwald Ripening
348
7.4.4
Equilibrium Overlayer Structure and Growth Mode
349
7.5
Nucleation Theory
351
7.6
Growth Away from Equilibrium
354
7.6.1
Thermodynamics versus Dynamics
354
7.6.2
Nonequilibrium Growth Modes
355
7.7
Techniques for Growing Layers
359
7.7.1
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)
359
7.7.2
Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
362
7.7.3
Ablation Techniques
364
7.8
Catalytic Growth of Nanotubes and Nanowires
364
7.9
Etching
369
7.9.1
Classification of Etching
369
7.9.2
Etch Morphologies
374
7.9.3
Porous Solid Formation
375
7.9.4
Silicon Etching in Aqueous Fluoride Solutions
377
7.9.5
Coal Gasification and Graphite Etching
380
7.9.6
Selective Area Growth and Etching
381
Advanced Topic: Si Pillar Formation
384
7.10
Summary of Important Concepts
384
7.11
Frontiers and Challenges
386
7.12
Further Reading
386
7.13
Exercises
387
References
389
8
Laser and Nonthermal Chemistry: Photon and Electron Stimulated
Chemistry and Atom Manipulation
395
8.1
Photon Excitation of Surfaces
396
8.1.1
Light Absorption by Condensed Matter
396
8.1.2
Lattice Heating
398
Advanced Topic: Temporal Evolution of Electronic Excitations
402
8.1.3
Summary of Laser Excitations
409
8.2
Mechanisms of Electron and Photon Stimulated Processes
410
8.2.1
Direct versus Substrate Mediated Processes
410
8.2.2
Gas-Phase Photochemistry
412
8.2.3
Gas-Phase Electron Stimulated Chemistry
414
8.2.4
MGR
and Antoniewicz Models of DIET
414
8.2.5
Desorption Induced by Ultrafast Excitation
418
Contents xi
8.3 Photon and Electron
Induced Chemistry at Surfaces
419
8.3.1
Thermal Desorption, Reaction and Diffusion
419
8.3.2
Stimulated Desorption/reaction
420
8.3.3
Ablation
428
8.4
Charge Transfer and Electrochemistry
431
Advanced Topic: Semiconductor Photoelectrodes and the
Grätzel
Photovoltaic Cell
434
8.5
Tip Induced Process: Mechanisms of Atom Manipulation
438
8.5.1
Electric Field Effects
439
8.5.2
Tip Induced
ESD
439
8.5.3
Vibrational Ladder Climbing
441
8.5.4
Pushing
443
8.5.5
Pulling
444
8.5.6
Atom Manipulation by Covalent Forces
444
8.6
Summary of Important Concepts
446
8.7
Frontiers and Challenges
447
8.8
Further Reading
448
8.9
Exercises
448
References
451
Appendix I Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors
455
Appendix II Abbreviations
459
Appendix III Symbols
463
Appendix IV Useful Mathematical Expressions
469
Index
473
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Acknowledgements
xiii
Introduction
1
1.1 Heterogeneous Catalysis
2
1.2
Why Surfaces?
3
1.3
Where are Heterogeneous Reactions Important?
4
1.3.1
Haber-Bosch Process
4
1.3.2
Fischer-Tropsch Chemistry
4
1.3.3
Three-way Catalyst
5
1.4
Semiconductor Processing and Nanotechnology
5
1.5
Other Areas of Relevance
6
1.6
Structure of the Book
6
References
9
1
Bulk and Surface Structure
11
1.1
Clean Surface Structure
12
1.1.1
Ideal Flat Surfaces
12
1.1.2
High Index and Vicinal Planes
17
1.1.3
Faceted Surfaces
19
1.1.4
Bimetallic Surfaces
19
1.1.5
Porous Solids
20
1.1.6
Oxide Surfaces
23
1.2
Reconstruction and
Adsórbate
Structure
27
1.2.1
Implications of Surface Heterogeneity for Adsorbates
27
1.2.2
Clean Surface Reconstructions
27
1.2.3
Adsórbate
Induced Reconstructions
28
1.2.4
Islands
32
1.2.5
Chiral Surfaces
32
1.3
Band Structure of Solids
35
1.3.1
Bulk Electronic States
35
1.3.2
Metals, Semiconductors and Insulators
35
1.3.3
Energy Levels at Metal Interfaces
40
vi
Contents
1.3.4
Energy
Levels at Metal-Semiconductor Interfaces
41
1.3.5
Surface Electronic States
43
1.3.6
Size Effects in Nanoscale Systems
46
1.4
The Vibrations of Solids
48
1.4.1
Bulk Systems
48
1.4.2
Nanoscale Systems
50
1.5
Summary of Important Concepts
50
1.6
Frontiers and Challenges
51
1.7
Further Reading
51
1.8
Exercises
52
References
54
2
Experimental Probes and Techniques
57
2.1
Ultrahigh Vacuum
57
2.1.1
The Need for UHV
57
2.1.2
Attaining UHV
58
2.2
Light and Electron Sources
60
2.2.1
Types of Lasers
61
2.2.2
Atomic Lamps
61
2.2.3
Synchrotrons
61
2.2.4
Free Electron Laser
(FEL)
63
2.2.5
Electron Guns
64
2.3
Molecular Beams
64
2.3.1
Knudsen Molecular Beams
64
2.3.2
Free Jets
66
2.2.3
Comparison of Knudsen and Supersonic Beams
68
2.4
Scanning Probe Techniques
71
2.4.1
Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy (STM)
71
2.4.2
Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy
(STS)
76
2.4.3
Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
77
2.4.4
Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM)
81
2.5
Low Energy Electron Diffraction
(LEED)
84
Advanced Topic:
LEED
Structure Determination
86
2.6
Electron Spectroscopy
91
2.6.1
X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
92
2.6.2
Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS)
97
Advanced Topic: Multiphoton
Photoemission (MPPE) 102
2.6.3
Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES)
103
2.6.4
Photoelectron Microscopy
107
2.7
Vibrational Spectroscopy
109
2.7.1
IR
Spectroscopy 111
2.7.2
Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS)
116
2.8
Other Surface Analytical Techniques
118
2.9
Summary of Important Concepts
118
2.10
Frontiers and Challenges
119
2.11
Further Reading
119
Contents
vii
2.12
Exercises
120
References
123
Chemisorption, Physisorption and Dynamics
127
3.1
Types
of
Interactions
127
3.2
Binding
Sites and Diffusion
128
3.3
Physisorption
133
Advanced
Topic: Theoretical
Description
of
Physisorption
133
3.4
Nondissociative
Chemisorption
134
3.4.1
Theoretical
Treatment
of
Chemisorption
134
3.4.2
The Blyholder Model of CO Chemisorption on a Metal
138
3.4.3
Molecular Oxygen Chemisorption
141
3.4.4
The Binding of Ethene
142
3.5
Dissociative Chemisorption: H2 on a Simple Metal
143
3.6
What Determines the Reactivity of Metals?
145
3.7
Atoms and Molecules Incident on a Surface
148
3.7.1
Scattering Channels
148
3.7.2
Nonactivated Adsorption
151
3.7.3
Hard Cube Model
153
3.7.4
Activated Adsorption
156
3.7.5
Direct versus Precursor Mediated Adsorption
157
3.8
Microscopic Reversibility in Ad/desorption Phenomena
161
3.9
The Influence of Individual Degrees of Freedom on Adsorption and
Desorption
166
3.9.1
Energy Exchange
167
3.9.2
PES
Topography and the Relative Efficacy of Energetic
Components
168
3.10
Translations, Corrugation, Surface Atom Motions
169
3.10.1
Effects on Adsorption
169
3.10.2
Connecting Adsorption and Desorption with Microscopic
Reversibility
172
3.10.3
Normal Energy Scaling
174
3.11
Rotations and Adsorption
176
3.11.1
Nonactivated Adsorption
176
3.11.2
Activated Adsorption
178
3.12
Vibrations and Adsorption
178
3.13
Competitive Adsorption and Collision Induced Processes
179
Advanced Topic: High-Energy Collisions
181
3.14
Classification of Reaction Mechanisms
182
3.14.1
Langmuir-Hinshelwood Mechanism
183
3.14.2
Ełey-Rideal
Mechanism
185
3.14.3
Hot Atom Mechanism
186
3.15
Measurement of Sticking Coefficients
187
3.16
Summary of Important Concepts
191
3.17
Frontiers and Challenges
192
3.18
Further Reading
192
viii Contents
3.19
Exercises
193
References
201
4
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption
207
4.1
Thermodynamics of Ad/desorption
207
4.1.1
Binding Energies and Activation Barriers
207
4.1.2
Thermodynamic Quantities
209
4.1.3
Some Definitions
210
4.1.4
The Heat of Adsorption
211
4.2
Adsorption Isotherms from Thermodynamics
213
4.3
Lateral Interactions
216
4.4
Rate of Desorption
217
4.4.1
First-order Desorption
218
4.4.2
Transition State Theory Treatment of First-order Desorption
219
4.4.3
Thermodynamic Treatment of First-order Desorption
223
4.4.4
Nonfirst-order Desorption
225
4.5
Kinetics of Adsorption
226
4.5.1
CTST Approach to Adsorption Kinetics
226
4.5.2
Langmuirian Adsorption:
Nondissociative
Adsorption
227
4.5.3
Langmuirian Adsorption: Dissociative Adsorption
230
4.5.4
Dissociative Langmuirian Adsorption with Lateral Interactions
231
4.5.5
Precursor Mediated Adsorption
232
4.6
Adsorption Isotherms from Kinetics
234
4.6.1
Langmuir Isotherm
235
4.6.2
Classification of Adsorption Isotherms
236
4.6.3
Thermodynamic Measurements via Isotherms
238
4.7
Temperature Programmed Desorption
(TPD)
238
4.7.1
The Basis of
TPD
238
4.7.2
Qualitative Analysis of
TPD
Spectra
240
4.7.3
Quantitative Analysis of
TPD
Spectra
243
4.8
Summary of Important Concepts
246
4.9
Frontiers and Challenges
247
4.10
Further Reading
247
4.11
Exercises
248
References
252
5
Liquid Interfaces
255
5.1
Structure of the Liquid/Solid Interface
255
5.1.1
The Structure of the Water/Solid Interface
258
5.2
Surface Energy and Surface Tension
260
5.2.1
Liquid Surfaces
261
5.2.2
Curved Interfaces
263
5.3
Liquid Films
265
5.3.1
Liquid-on-solid Films
265
5.4
Langmuir Films
267
5.5
Langmuir-Blodgett Films
269
Contents ix
5.5.1
Capillary Condensation and Meniscus Formation
269
5.5.2
Vertical Deposition
272
5.5.3
Horizontal Lifting (Shaefer's Method)
273
5.6
Self-assembled Monolayers (SAMs)
274
5.6.1
Thermodynamics of Self-assembly
275
5.6.2
Amphiphiles and Bonding Interactions
277
5.6.3
Mechanism of SAM Formation
277
Advanced Topic: Chemistry with Self-Assembled Monolayers
281
5.7
Thermodynamics of Liquid Interfaces
281
5.7.1
The Gibbs Model
281
5.7.2
Surface Excess
283
5.7.3
Interfacial
Enthalpy and Internal, Helmholtz and Gibbs
Surface Energies
283
5.7.4
Gibbs Adsorption Isotherm
285
5.8
Electrified and Charged Interfaces
285
5.8.1
Surface Charge and Potential
285
5.8.2
Relating Work Functions to the Electrochemical Series
288
5.9
Summary of Important Concepts
290
5.10
Frontiers and Challenges
291
5.11
Further Reading
291
5.12
Exercises
292
References
293
Heterogeneous Catalysis
295
6.1
The Prominence of Heterogeneous Reactions
295
6.2
Measurement of Surface Kinetics and Reaction
Mechanisms
296
6.3
Haber-Bosch Process
302
6.4
From Microscopic Kinetics to Catalysis
306
6.4.1
Reaction Kinetics
307
6.4.2
Kinetic Analysis using
De Donder
Relations
308
6.4.3
Definition of the Rate Determining Step (RDS)
309
6.4.4
Microkinetic Analysis of Ammonia Synthesis
310
6.5
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis and Related Chemistry
313
6.6
The Three-way Automotive Catalyst
317
6.7
Promoters
320
6.8
Poisons
321
6.9
Bimetallic and Bifunctional Catalysts
323
6.10
Rate Oscillations and
Spatiotemporal
Pattern Formation
324
Advanced Topic: Cluster Assembled Catalysts
326
6.11
Sabatier Analysis and Optimal Catalyst Selection
327
6.12
Summary of Important Concepts
329
6.13
Frontiers and Challenges
330
6.14
Further Reading
330
6.15
Exercises
331
References
333
χ
Contents
7
Growth and Epitaxy
337
7.1
Stress and Strain
337
7.2
Types of Interfaces
341
7.2.1
Strain Relief
341
7.3
Surface Energy, Surface Tension and Strain Energy
343
7.4
Growth Modes
345
7.4.1
Solid-on-Solid Growth
345
7.4.2
Strain in Solid-on-Solid Growth
346
7.4.3
Ostwald Ripening
348
7.4.4
Equilibrium Overlayer Structure and Growth Mode
349
7.5
Nucleation Theory
351
7.6
Growth Away from Equilibrium
354
7.6.1
Thermodynamics versus Dynamics
354
7.6.2
Nonequilibrium Growth Modes
355
7.7
Techniques for Growing Layers
359
7.7.1
Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE)
359
7.7.2
Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD)
362
7.7.3
Ablation Techniques
364
7.8
Catalytic Growth of Nanotubes and Nanowires
364
7.9
Etching
369
7.9.1
Classification of Etching
369
7.9.2
Etch Morphologies
374
7.9.3
Porous Solid Formation
375
7.9.4
Silicon Etching in Aqueous Fluoride Solutions
377
7.9.5
Coal Gasification and Graphite Etching
380
7.9.6
Selective Area Growth and Etching
381
Advanced Topic: Si Pillar Formation
384
7.10
Summary of Important Concepts
384
7.11
Frontiers and Challenges
386
7.12
Further Reading
386
7.13
Exercises
387
References
389
8
Laser and Nonthermal Chemistry: Photon and Electron Stimulated
Chemistry and Atom Manipulation
395
8.1
Photon Excitation of Surfaces
396
8.1.1
Light Absorption by Condensed Matter
396
8.1.2
Lattice Heating
398
Advanced Topic: Temporal Evolution of Electronic Excitations
402
8.1.3
Summary of Laser Excitations
409
8.2
Mechanisms of Electron and Photon Stimulated Processes
410
8.2.1
Direct versus Substrate Mediated Processes
410
8.2.2
Gas-Phase Photochemistry
412
8.2.3
Gas-Phase Electron Stimulated Chemistry
414
8.2.4
MGR
and Antoniewicz Models of DIET
414
8.2.5
Desorption Induced by Ultrafast Excitation
418
Contents xi
8.3 Photon and Electron
Induced Chemistry at Surfaces
419
8.3.1
Thermal Desorption, Reaction and Diffusion
419
8.3.2
Stimulated Desorption/reaction
420
8.3.3
Ablation
428
8.4
Charge Transfer and Electrochemistry
431
Advanced Topic: Semiconductor Photoelectrodes and the
Grätzel
Photovoltaic Cell
434
8.5
Tip Induced Process: Mechanisms of Atom Manipulation
438
8.5.1
Electric Field Effects
439
8.5.2
Tip Induced
ESD
439
8.5.3
Vibrational Ladder Climbing
441
8.5.4
Pushing
443
8.5.5
Pulling
444
8.5.6
Atom Manipulation by Covalent Forces
444
8.6
Summary of Important Concepts
446
8.7
Frontiers and Challenges
447
8.8
Further Reading
448
8.9
Exercises
448
References
451
Appendix I Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors
455
Appendix II Abbreviations
459
Appendix III Symbols
463
Appendix IV Useful Mathematical Expressions
469
Index
473 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Kolasinski, Kurt W. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)138439060 |
| author_facet | Kolasinski, Kurt W. |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kolasinski, Kurt W. |
| author_variant | k w k kw kwk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023314166 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QD506 |
| callnumber-raw | QD506 |
| callnumber-search | QD506 |
| callnumber-sort | QD 3506 |
| callnumber-subject | QD - Chemistry |
| classification_rvk | UP 7500 VE 7000 VE 7040 |
| classification_tum | PHY 629f CHE 167f CHE 180f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)181335921 (DE-599)BVBBV023314166 |
| dewey-full | 541/.33 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 541 - Physical chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 541/.33 |
| dewey-search | 541/.33 |
| dewey-sort | 3541 233 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Physik Chemie |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:51:29Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:15:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470033081 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2007046838 |
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| physical | XI, 486 S. Ill., graph. Darst |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Kolasinski, Kurt W. Verfasser (DE-588)138439060 aut Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience Kurt Kolasinski 2. ed. Chichester Wiley 2008 XI, 486 S. Ill., graph. Darst txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Catalysis Nanoscience Oberflächenphysik (DE-588)4134881-3 gnd rswk-swf Oberflächenchemie (DE-588)4126166-5 gnd rswk-swf Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd rswk-swf Festkörperoberfläche (DE-588)4127823-9 gnd rswk-swf Oberflächenreaktion (DE-588)4140095-1 gnd rswk-swf Festkörperoberfläche (DE-588)4127823-9 s Oberflächenchemie (DE-588)4126166-5 s DE-604 Oberflächenphysik (DE-588)4134881-3 s Oberflächenreaktion (DE-588)4140095-1 s Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 s http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2007046838-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2007046838-t.html Table of contents only Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016498382&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Kolasinski, Kurt W. Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Catalysis Nanoscience Oberflächenphysik (DE-588)4134881-3 gnd Oberflächenchemie (DE-588)4126166-5 gnd Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd Festkörperoberfläche (DE-588)4127823-9 gnd Oberflächenreaktion (DE-588)4140095-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4134881-3 (DE-588)4126166-5 (DE-588)4123377-3 (DE-588)4127823-9 (DE-588)4140095-1 |
| title | Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience |
| title_auth | Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience |
| title_exact_search | Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience |
| title_full | Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience Kurt Kolasinski |
| title_fullStr | Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience Kurt Kolasinski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience Kurt Kolasinski |
| title_short | Surface science |
| title_sort | surface science foundations of catalysis and nanoscience |
| title_sub | foundations of catalysis and nanoscience |
| topic | Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Catalysis Nanoscience Oberflächenphysik (DE-588)4134881-3 gnd Oberflächenchemie (DE-588)4126166-5 gnd Heterogene Katalyse (DE-588)4123377-3 gnd Festkörperoberfläche (DE-588)4127823-9 gnd Oberflächenreaktion (DE-588)4140095-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Surface chemistry Surfaces (Physics) Catalysis Nanoscience Oberflächenphysik Oberflächenchemie Heterogene Katalyse Festkörperoberfläche Oberflächenreaktion |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2007046838-d.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0827/2007046838-t.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016498382&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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