Laser spectroscopy: 1 Basic principles
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin
Springer
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XVI, 457 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783540734154 |
Internformat
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 cc4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV023307244 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20110823 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 080520s2008 ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 020 | |a 9783540734154 |9 978-3-540-73415-4 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)633338637 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV023307244 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakwb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 049 | |a DE-355 |a DE-20 |a DE-91G |a DE-19 |a DE-703 |a DE-29T |a DE-83 |a DE-634 |a DE-1043 |a DE-11 |a DE-92 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Demtröder, Wolfgang |d 1931- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)120579774 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Laser spectroscopy |n 1 |p Basic principles |c Wolfgang Demtröder |
| 250 | |a 4. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b Springer |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 457 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Laserspektroskopie |0 (DE-588)4034620-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Erscheint auch als |n Online-Ausgabe |z 978-3-540-73418-5 |
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| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016491586 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137639242104832 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
1.
Introduction
............................................................. 1
2. Absorption and
Emission
of Light
.................................. 5
2.1
Cavity Modes
..................................................... 5
2.2
Thermal Radiation and Planck s Law
.......................... 9
2.3
Absorption, Induced, and Spontaneous Emission
............. 11
2.4
Basic Photometric Quantities
................................... 15
2.4.1
Definitions
............................................... 16
2.4.2
Illumination of Extended Areas
...................... 18
2.5
Polarization of Light
............................................. 20
2.6
Absorption and Emission Spectra
__,......................... 22
2.7
Transition Probabilities
.......................................... 26
2.7.1
Lifetimes, Spontaneous
and Radiationless Transitions
......................... 27
2.7.2
Semiclassical Description: Basic Equations
......... 29
2.7.3
Weak-Field Approximation
............................ 32
2.7.4
Transition Probabilities with Broad-Band Excitation
34
2.7.5
Phenomenological Inclusion of Decay Phenomena
. 35
2.7.6
Interaction with Strong Fields
........................ 37
2.7.7
Relations Between Transition Probabilities,
Absorption Coefficient, and Line Strength
........... 41
2.8
Coherence Properties of Radiation Fields
..................... 42
2.8.1
Temporal Coherence
................................... 43
2.8.2
Spatial Coherence
...................................... 44
2.8.3
Coherence Volume
..................................... 46
2.8.4
The Coherence Function and the Degree
of Coherence
............................................ 49
2.9
Coherence of Atomic Systems
.................................. 54
2.9.1
Density Matrix
.......................................... 54
2.9.2
Coherent Excitation
.................................... 56
2.9.3
Relaxation of Coherently Excited Systems
.......... 58
Problems
................................................................. 58
3.
Widths and Profiles of Spectral Lines
.............................. 61
3.1
Natural Linewidth
................................................ 62
3.1.1
Lorentzian Line Profile of the Emitted Radiation
.. 62
3.1.2
Relation Between Linewidth and Lifetime
.......... 64
3.1.3
Natural Linewidth of Absorbing Transitions
........ 66
3.2
Doppler
Width
.................................................... 70
Contents
3
.3
Collisional
Broadening of Spectral Lines
...................... 75
3.3.1
Phenomenological Description
........................ 75
3.3.2
Relations Between Interaction Potential,
Line Broadening, and Shifts
........................... 80
3.3.3
Collisional Narrowing of Lines
....................... 84
3.4
Transit-Time Broadening
........................................ 84
3.5
Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Line Broadening
........ 88
3.6
Saturation and Power Broadening
.............................. 90
3.6.1
Saturation of Level Population by Optical Pumping
90
3.6.2
Saturation Broadening
of Homogeneous Line Profiles
........................ 92
3.6.3
Power Broadening
...................................... 93
3.7
Spectral Line Profiles in Liquids and Solids
.................. 95
Problems
................................................................. 97
Spectroscopie
Instrumentation
....................................... 99
4.1
Spectrographs and Monochromators
........................... 99
4.1.1
Basic Properties
........................................ 101
4.1.2
Prism Spectrometer
....................................
Ill
4.1.3
Grating Spectrometer
.................................. 115
4.2
Interferometers
.................................................... 124
4.2.1
Basic Concepts
......................................... 124
4.2.2
Michelson Interferometer
.............................. 125
4.2.3
Fourier Spectroscopy
................................... 129
4.2.4
Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
........................ 131
4.2.5
Sagnac Interferometer
.................................. 134
4.2.6
Multiple-Beam Interference
........................... 136
4.2.7
Plane Fabry-Perot Interferometer
..................... 144
4.2.8
Confocal Fabry-Perot Interferometer
................ 152
4.2.9
Multilayer Dielectric Coatings
........................ 157
4.2.10
Interference Filters
..................................... 162
4.2.11
Biréfringent
Interferometer
............................ 165
4.2.12
Tunable Interferometers
................................ 169
4.3
Comparison Between Spectrometers and Interferometers
.... 170
4.3.1
Spectral Resolving Power
............................. 170
4.3.2
Light-Gathering Power
................................. 173
4.4
Accurate Wavelength Measurements
........................... 174
4.4.1
Precision and Accuracy
of Wavelength Measurements
......................... 175
4.4.2
Today s
Wavemeters
................................... 178
4.5
Detection of Light
................................................ 188
4.5.1
Thermal Detectors
...................................... 191
4.5.2
Photodiodes
............................................. 198
4.5.3
Photodiode
Arrays
...................................... 208
4.5.4
Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)
..................... 210
4.5.5
Photoemissive Detectors
............................... 212
4.5.6
Detection Techniques and Electronic Equipment
... 224
Contents
XV
4.6
Conclusions
....................................................... 231
Problems ................................................................. 231
5. Lasers
as Spectroscopie
Light
Sources
............................. 235
5.1
Fundamentals of Lasers
.......................................... 235
5.1.1
Basic Elements of a Laser
............................ 235
5.1.2
Threshold Condition
................................... 236
5.1.3
Rate Equations
.......................................... 238
5.2
Laser Resonators
................................................. 241
5.2.1
Open Optical Resonators
.............................. 242
5.2.2
Spatial Field Distributions in Open Resonators
..... 245
5.2.3
Confocal Resonators
................................... 247
5.2.4
General Spherical Resonators
......................... 250
5.2.5
Diffraction Losses of Open Resonators
.............. 251
5.2.6
Stable and Unstable Resonators
...................... 253
5.2.7
Ring Resonators
........................................ 258
5.2.8
Frequency Spectrum of Passive Resonators
......... 260
5.3
Spectral Characteristics of Laser Emission
.................... 262
5.3.1
Active Resonators and Laser Modes
................. 263
5.3.2
Gain Saturation
......................................... 266
5.3.3
Spatial Hole Burning
................................... 268
5.3.4
Multimode Lasers and Gain Competition
........... 269
5.3.5
Mode Pulling
........................................... 273
5.4
Experimental Realization of Single-Mode Lasers
............ 274
5.4.1
Line Selection
.......................................... 275
5.4.2
Suppression of Transverse Modes
.................... 279
5.4.3
Selection of Single Longitudinal Modes
............. 281
5.4.4
Intensity Stabilization
.................................. 288
5.4.5
Wavelength Stabilization
.............................. 291
5.5
Controlled Wavelength Tuning of Single-Mode Lasers
...... 302
5.5.1
Continuous Tuning Techniques
....................... 303
5.5.2
Wavelength Calibration
................................ 308
5.5.3
Frequency Offset Locking
............................. 310
5.6
Linewidths of Single-Mode Lasers
............................. 310
5.7
Tunable Lasers
.................................................... 314
5.7.1
Basic Concepts
......................................... 314
5.7.2
Semiconductor-Diode Lasers
.......................... 315
5.7.3
Tunable Solid-State Lasers
............................ 321
5.7.4
Color-Center Lasers
.................................... 325
5.7.5
Dye Lasers
.............................................. 329
5.7.6
Excimer Lasers
......................................... 346
5.7.7
Free-Electron Lasers
................................... 349
5.8
Nonlinear Optical Mixing Techniques
......................... 352
5.8.1
Physical Background
................................... 353
5.8.2
Phase Matching
......................................... 358
5.8.3
Second-Harmonic Generation
......................... 360
5.8.4
Quasi Phase Matching
................................. 366
XVI Contents
5.8.5
Sum-Frequency and Higher-Harmonic Generation
. 368
5.8.6
Х
-Ray Lasers
........................................... 373
5.8.7
Difference-Frequency Spectrometer
.................. 377
5.8.8
Optical Parametric Oscillator
......................... 380
5.8.9
Tunable Raman Lasers
................................. 384
5.9
Gaussian Beams
.................................................. 388
Problems
................................................................. 394
Solutions
....................................................................... 397
References
..................................................................... 425
Subject Index
................................................................. 453
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
1.
Introduction
. 1
2. Absorption and
Emission
of Light
. 5
2.1
Cavity Modes
. 5
2.2
Thermal Radiation and Planck's Law
. 9
2.3
Absorption, Induced, and Spontaneous Emission
. 11
2.4
Basic Photometric Quantities
. 15
2.4.1
Definitions
. 16
2.4.2
Illumination of Extended Areas
. 18
2.5
Polarization of Light
. 20
2.6
Absorption and Emission Spectra
_,. 22
2.7
Transition Probabilities
. 26
2.7.1
Lifetimes, Spontaneous
and Radiationless Transitions
. 27
2.7.2
Semiclassical Description: Basic Equations
. 29
2.7.3
Weak-Field Approximation
. 32
2.7.4
Transition Probabilities with Broad-Band Excitation
34
2.7.5
Phenomenological Inclusion of Decay Phenomena
. 35
2.7.6
Interaction with Strong Fields
. 37
2.7.7
Relations Between Transition Probabilities,
Absorption Coefficient, and Line Strength
. 41
2.8
Coherence Properties of Radiation Fields
. 42
2.8.1
Temporal Coherence
. 43
2.8.2
Spatial Coherence
. 44
2.8.3
Coherence Volume
. 46
2.8.4
The Coherence Function and the Degree
of Coherence
. 49
2.9
Coherence of Atomic Systems
. 54
2.9.1
Density Matrix
. 54
2.9.2
Coherent Excitation
. 56
2.9.3
Relaxation of Coherently Excited Systems
. 58
Problems
. 58
3.
Widths and Profiles of Spectral Lines
. 61
3.1
Natural Linewidth
. 62
3.1.1
Lorentzian Line Profile of the Emitted Radiation
. 62
3.1.2
Relation Between Linewidth and Lifetime
. 64
3.1.3
Natural Linewidth of Absorbing Transitions
. 66
3.2
Doppler
Width
. 70
Contents
3
.3
Collisional
Broadening of Spectral Lines
. 75
3.3.1
Phenomenological Description
. 75
3.3.2
Relations Between Interaction Potential,
Line Broadening, and Shifts
. 80
3.3.3
Collisional Narrowing of Lines
. 84
3.4
Transit-Time Broadening
. 84
3.5
Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Line Broadening
. 88
3.6
Saturation and Power Broadening
. 90
3.6.1
Saturation of Level Population by Optical Pumping
90
3.6.2
Saturation Broadening
of Homogeneous Line Profiles
. 92
3.6.3
Power Broadening
. 93
3.7
Spectral Line Profiles in Liquids and Solids
. 95
Problems
. 97
Spectroscopie
Instrumentation
. 99
4.1
Spectrographs and Monochromators
. 99
4.1.1
Basic Properties
. 101
4.1.2
Prism Spectrometer
.
Ill
4.1.3
Grating Spectrometer
. 115
4.2
Interferometers
. 124
4.2.1
Basic Concepts
. 124
4.2.2
Michelson Interferometer
. 125
4.2.3
Fourier Spectroscopy
. 129
4.2.4
Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
. 131
4.2.5
Sagnac Interferometer
. 134
4.2.6
Multiple-Beam Interference
. 136
4.2.7
Plane Fabry-Perot Interferometer
. 144
4.2.8
Confocal Fabry-Perot Interferometer
. 152
4.2.9
Multilayer Dielectric Coatings
. 157
4.2.10
Interference Filters
. 162
4.2.11
Biréfringent
Interferometer
. 165
4.2.12
Tunable Interferometers
. 169
4.3
Comparison Between Spectrometers and Interferometers
. 170
4.3.1
Spectral Resolving Power
. 170
4.3.2
Light-Gathering Power
. 173
4.4
Accurate Wavelength Measurements
. 174
4.4.1
Precision and Accuracy
of Wavelength Measurements
. 175
4.4.2
Today's
Wavemeters
. 178
4.5
Detection of Light
. 188
4.5.1
Thermal Detectors
. 191
4.5.2
Photodiodes
. 198
4.5.3
Photodiode
Arrays
. 208
4.5.4
Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs)
. 210
4.5.5
Photoemissive Detectors
. 212
4.5.6
Detection Techniques and Electronic Equipment
. 224
Contents
XV
4.6
Conclusions
. 231
Problems . 231
5. Lasers
as Spectroscopie
Light
Sources
. 235
5.1
Fundamentals of Lasers
. 235
5.1.1
Basic Elements of a Laser
. 235
5.1.2
Threshold Condition
. 236
5.1.3
Rate Equations
. 238
5.2
Laser Resonators
. 241
5.2.1
Open Optical Resonators
. 242
5.2.2
Spatial Field Distributions in Open Resonators
. 245
5.2.3
Confocal Resonators
. 247
5.2.4
General Spherical Resonators
. 250
5.2.5
Diffraction Losses of Open Resonators
. 251
5.2.6
Stable and Unstable Resonators
. 253
5.2.7
Ring Resonators
. 258
5.2.8
Frequency Spectrum of Passive Resonators
. 260
5.3
Spectral Characteristics of Laser Emission
. 262
5.3.1
Active Resonators and Laser Modes
. 263
5.3.2
Gain Saturation
. 266
5.3.3
Spatial Hole Burning
. 268
5.3.4
Multimode Lasers and Gain Competition
. 269
5.3.5
Mode Pulling
. 273
5.4
Experimental Realization of Single-Mode Lasers
. 274
5.4.1
Line Selection
. 275
5.4.2
Suppression of Transverse Modes
. 279
5.4.3
Selection of Single Longitudinal Modes
. 281
5.4.4
Intensity Stabilization
. 288
5.4.5
Wavelength Stabilization
. 291
5.5
Controlled Wavelength Tuning of Single-Mode Lasers
. 302
5.5.1
Continuous Tuning Techniques
. 303
5.5.2
Wavelength Calibration
. 308
5.5.3
Frequency Offset Locking
. 310
5.6
Linewidths of Single-Mode Lasers
. 310
5.7
Tunable Lasers
. 314
5.7.1
Basic Concepts
. 314
5.7.2
Semiconductor-Diode Lasers
. 315
5.7.3
Tunable Solid-State Lasers
. 321
5.7.4
Color-Center Lasers
. 325
5.7.5
Dye Lasers
. 329
5.7.6
Excimer Lasers
. 346
5.7.7
Free-Electron Lasers
. 349
5.8
Nonlinear Optical Mixing Techniques
. 352
5.8.1
Physical Background
. 353
5.8.2
Phase Matching
. 358
5.8.3
Second-Harmonic Generation
. 360
5.8.4
Quasi Phase Matching
. 366
XVI Contents
5.8.5
Sum-Frequency and Higher-Harmonic Generation
. 368
5.8.6
Х
-Ray Lasers
. 373
5.8.7
Difference-Frequency Spectrometer
. 377
5.8.8
Optical Parametric Oscillator
. 380
5.8.9
Tunable Raman Lasers
. 384
5.9
Gaussian Beams
. 388
Problems
. 394
Solutions
. 397
References
. 425
Subject Index
. 453 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)120579774 |
| author_facet | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- |
| author_variant | w d wd |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023307244 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)633338637 (DE-599)BVBBV023307244 |
| edition | 4. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023307244 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:48:59Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:15:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783540734154 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016491586 |
| oclc_num | 633338637 |
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| physical | XVI, 457 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
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| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- Verfasser (DE-588)120579774 aut Laser spectroscopy 1 Basic principles Wolfgang Demtröder 4. ed. Berlin Springer 2008 XVI, 457 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd rswk-swf Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 s DE-604 (DE-604)BV023307227 1 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-540-73418-5 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016491586&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Demtröder, Wolfgang 1931- Laser spectroscopy Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4034620-1 |
| title | Laser spectroscopy |
| title_auth | Laser spectroscopy |
| title_exact_search | Laser spectroscopy |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Laser spectroscopy |
| title_full | Laser spectroscopy 1 Basic principles Wolfgang Demtröder |
| title_fullStr | Laser spectroscopy 1 Basic principles Wolfgang Demtröder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Laser spectroscopy 1 Basic principles Wolfgang Demtröder |
| title_short | Laser spectroscopy |
| title_sort | laser spectroscopy basic principles |
| topic | Laserspektroskopie (DE-588)4034620-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Laserspektroskopie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016491586&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV023307227 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT demtroderwolfgang laserspectroscopy1 |