Holdings: Next generation intelligent optical networks

Next generation intelligent optical networks: from access to backbone

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Kartalopoulos, Stamatios V. (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY Springer 2008
Subjects:	Télécommunications optiques Optical communications Optische Nachrichtenübertragung
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XVIII, 284 S. graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780387717555

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Record in the Search Index

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adam_text	STAMATIOS V. KARTALOPOULOS NEXT GENERATION INTELLIGENT OPTICAL NETWORKS FROM ACCESS TO BACKBONE SPRINGER CONTENTS 1 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 1 1.1 ANALOG AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 1 1.2 BREAKING THE TRAFFIC BARRIER 3 1.3 VOICE AND DATA NETWORKS 5 1.3.1 PSTN AND THE SS7 PROTOCOL 5 1.3.2 DATA NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS 8 1.3.3 NARROWBAND, BROADBAND, AND ULTRABAND SERVICES 9 1.3.4 CIRCUIT SWITCHED VERSUS STORE AND FORWARD 10 1.3.5 TRAFFIC AND SERVICE EVOLUTION IN OPTICAL NETWORKS 12 1.3.6 RELIABILITY OF OPTICAL NETWORKS 12 1.3.7 SECURITY IN OPTICAL NETWORKS 12 REFERENCES 13 2 DIGITAL NETWORKS 15 2.1 SYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL NETWORKS: SONET/SDH 15 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION 15 2.1.2 SONET FRAMES 17 2.1.3 VIRTUAL TRIBUTARIES AND TRIBUTARY UNITS 19 2.1.4 STS-AF FRAMES 22 2.1.5 MAINTENANCE 23 2.2 ASYNCHRONOUS DATA/PACKET NETWORKS 24 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION 24 2.2.2 SYNCHRONIZATION AND TIMING 25 2.2.3 DATA TRAFFIC 25 2.2.4 PACKET NETWORKS 26 2.3 REVIEW OF DATA NETWORKS 28 2.3.1 ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE 28 2.3.2 ETHERNET 32 2.3.3 GIGABIT ETHERNET 33 2.3.4 10 GIGABIT ETHERNET 36 2.3.5 FDDI 37 2.3.6 SWITCHED MULTI-MEGABIT DATA SERVICES 39 2.3.7 FRAME RELAY 39 2.3.8 THE TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL 39 2.3.9 THE USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL 40 2.3.10 THE REAL-TIME TRANSPORT PROTOCOL 41 2.3.11 INTERNET PROTOCOL 41 XI XII CONTENTS 2.3.12 THE POINT-TO-POINT PROTOCOL 43 2.3.13 4B/5B AND 8B/10B BLOCK CODING 46 2.3.14 FIBER CHANNEL 47 2.3.15 ESCON PROTOCOL 50 2.3.16 FICON PROTOCOL 51 2.4 RESILIENT PACKET RING 52 REFERENCES 53 3 WDM TECHNOLOGY AND NETWORKS 55 3.1 INTRODUCTION 55 3.2 THE OPTICAL FIBER IN COMMUNICATIONS 55 3.2.1 PROPAGATION OF LIGHT IN MATTER 56 3.2.2 EFFECTS THAT AFFECT THE PROPAGATION OF LIGHT IN FIBER 57 3.3 THE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS SPECTRUM 63 3.4 TYPES OF FIBER 65 3.4.1 OPTICAL POWER LIMIT 66 3.4.2 FIBER BIREFRINGENCE 67 3.4.3 FIBER DISPERSION 67 3.4.4 NON-LINEAR PHENOMENA CAUSE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS 69 3.5 OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS 69 3.5.1 RAMAN AMPLIFICATION 70 3.5.2 EDFA AMPLIFICATION 71 3.5.3 SOA AMPLIFICATION 73 3.6 OPTICAL ADD-DROP MULTIPLEXERS 73 3.7 DWDM NETWORKS 73 3.7.1 DWDM NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 74 3.7.2 OPTICAL NETWORK INTERFACES 75 3.7.3 NETWORK SWITCHING 78 3.7.4 TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION 81 3.7.5 CHANNEL AND LINK PROTECTION 81 3.7.6 ROUTING 82 3.8 ACCESS WDM SYSTEMS 83 3.8.1 THE GENERAL PON 84 3.8.2 CWDM-PON 87 3.8.3 TDM-PON 87 3.8.4 TDM-PON VERSUS WDM-PON 89 3.8.5 HIERARCHICAL CWDM/TDM-PON 89 3.8.6 HOW REAL IS PON? 94 3.8.7 FREE SPACE OPTICAL 95 REFERENCES 97 4 NEXT GENERATION SONET/SDH 101 4.1 TRAFFIC AND SERVICE CONVERGENCE 101 4.2 NEXT GENERATION SONET/SDH NETWORKS 104 4.2.1 NEXT GENERATION RING NETWORKS 104 4.2.2 NEXT GENERATION MESH NETWORKS 105 4.3 NEXT GENERATION PROTOCOLS 110 4.3.1 CONCATENATION 111 4.3.2 GENERIC MULTI-PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING 112 4.3.3 THE GENERIC FRAMING PROCEDURE 114 XIII 4.3.4 LCAS 120 4.3.5 LAPS 123 4.4 CONCATENATION EFFICIENCY 127 REFERENCES 128 5 THE OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK 129 5.1 INTRODUCTION 129 5.2 OTN NETWORK LAYERS 129 5.3 FEC IN OTN 131 5.4 OTN FRAME STRUCTURE 132 5.4.1 OPU-K 132 5.4.2 ODU-K 132 5.4.3 OTU-K 134 5.4.4 THE OPTICAL CHANNEL 135 5.4.5 OPTICAL CHANNEL CARRIER AND OPTICAL CHANNEL GROUP 136 5.4.6 NONASSOCIATED OVERHEAD 137 5.4.7 MAPPING GFP FRAMES IN OPU-K 137 5.5 OTN AND DWDM 138 5.6 OTN MANAGEMENT 139 REFERENCES 140 6 NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION 141 6.1 INTRODUCTION 141 6.2 SYNCHRONIZATION 141 6.2.1 THE PRIMARY REFERENCE SOURCE 142 6.2.2 THE NODE TIMING UNIT AND THE PHASE LOCK LOOP 143 6.2.3 SYNCHRONIZATION IMPAIRMENTS 145 6.3 THE TIMING SIGNAL 146 6.4 SIGNAL QUALITY 147 6.4.1 NOISE SOURCES 148 6.4.2 QUANTIZATION NOISE 149 6.5 TRANSMISSION FACTORS 149 6.5.1 PHASE DISTORTION AND DISPERSION 150 6.5.2 FREQUENCY DISTORTION 150 6.5.3 POLARIZATION DISTORTION 150 6.5.4 NOISE DUE TO NONLINEARITY OF THE MEDIUM 150 6.5.5 ASE 150 6.6 JITTER AND WANDER 150 6.6.1 INTERSYMBOL INTERFERENCE 153 6.6.2 DATA-DEPENDENT JITTER 153 6.6.3 PULSE-WIDTH DISTORTION JITTER 154 6.6.4 SINUSOIDAL JITTER 154 6.6.5 UNCORRELATED BOUNDED JITTER 154 6.6.6 STOKES NOISE, CHROMATIC JITTER, AND FWM NOISE 154 6.6.7 SOURCES OF JITTER 155 6.6.8 JITTER GENERATION, TOLERANCE, AND TRANSFER 156 6.7 PHOTODETECTOR RESPONSIVITY AND NOISE CONTRIBUTORS 156 REFERENCES 157 7 NETWORK PERFORMANCE 159 7.1 INTRODUCTION 159 CONTENTS 7.2 CHANNEL PERFORMANCE 161 7.3 CARRIER TO NOISE RATIO AND POWER-BANDWIDTH RATIO 162 7.4 SHANNON S LIMIT 163 7.5 OPTICAL SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO 163 7.6 FACTORS THAT AFFECT CHANNEL PERFORMANCE 164 7.7 ANALYSIS OF BER AND SNR RELATED TO CHANNEL PERFORMANCE 165 7.8 BER AND SNR STATISTICAL ESTIMATION METHOD 167 7.9 CIRCUIT FOR IN-SERVICE AND REAL-TIME PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION 170 7.9.1 THE CIRCUIT 170 7.9.2 PERFORMANCE OF THE CIRCUIT 170 REFERENCES 171 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 173 8.1 INTRODUCTION 173 8.2 CLIENT BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT 175 8.3 WAVELENGTH MANAGEMENT 175 8.3.1 PATHS WITH ROADMS 177 8.4 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 177 8.5 CONGESTION MANAGEMENT 178 8.6 ROUTING ALGORITHMS 178 8.7 DISCOVERY OF OPTICAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY 179 8.8 NODE AND NETWORK PROVISIONING 180 8.9 WAVELENGTH MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 180 REFERENCES 181 NETWORK PROTECTION AND FAULT MANAGEMENT 183 9.1 INTRODUCTION 183 9.2 FAULT DETECTION AND ISOLATION 184 9.3 FAULT AND SERVICE PROTECTION 184 9.4 POINT-TO-POINT NETWORKS 186 9.4.1 MEDIUM-HAUL AND SHORT-HAUL OPTICAL NETWORKS 186 9.5 MESH NETWORK PROTECTION 187 9.6 RING-NETWORK PROTECTION 188 9.7 RING-TO-RING PROTECTION 189 9.8 MULTI-RING SHARED PROTECTION 190 REFERENCES 190 NETWORK SECURITY 191 10.1 AN OLD CONCERN 191 10.2 NETWORK SECURITY ISSUES 195 10.3 DEFMITIONS 196 10.4 SECURITY LEVELS 200 10.5 SECURITY LAYERS IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 201 10.5.1 SECURITY ON THE INFORMATION LAYER 201 10.5.2 SECURITY ON THE MAC/NETWORK LAYER 202 10.5.3 SECURITY ON THE LINK LAYER 203 10.6 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR SECURITY CODING 203 10.6.1 PRIME NUMBER 203 10.6.2 MODULUS ARITHMETIC 204 10.6.3 GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR 205 10.6.4 GROUPS 206 XV 10.6.5 RINGS 207 10.6.6 FIELDS 208 10.7 CIPHERS 208 10.7.1 SYMMETRIE CIPHERS 208 10.7.2 SHIFT CIPHER 208 10.7.3 THE SUBSTITUTION OR RANDOM SHIFT CIPHER 209 10.7.4 THE PERMUTATION CIPHER 209 10.7.5 THE DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES) 209 10.7.6 THE ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES) 210 10.7.7 THE RC4 ALGORIFHM 210 10.7.8 ASYMMETRIE CIPHERS 211 10.7.9 THE INTEGER FACTORIZATION PROBLEM 212 10.7.10 ELLIPTIC CURVE FACTORING 212 10.7.11 THE RSA ALGORITHM 212 10.8 QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY 213 10.9 KEY DISTRIBUTION 215 10.9.1 MERKLEY S ALGORITHM 215 10.9.2 SHAMIR S KEY DISTRIBUTION METHOD 215 10.9.3 DIFFIE-HELLMAN KEY EXCHANGE 215 10.9.4 ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY 217 10.9.5 DIGITAL SIGNATURE 224 10.9.6 THE TRUSTED THIRD PARTY OR KEY ESCROW ENCRYPTION SYSTEM 225 10.10 QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION 225 10.10.1 POLARIZATION-BASED QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION 226 10.10.2 ENTANGLED STATES AND QUANTUM TELEPORTATION 229 10.10.3 QUANTUM TELEPORTATION AND QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION 232 10.10.4 A TRIVIALIZED EXAMPLE 233 10.10.5 CURRENT ISSUES 233 10.11 CURRENT VULNERABILITIES IN QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY 234 10.12 COUNTERMEASURES IN OPTICAL NETWORKS 236 10.12.1 CLASSIFICATION OF SECURITY NETWORKS REGARDING COUNTERMEASURES 236 10.12.2 DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN FAULTS AND ATTACKS 236 10.12.3 ESTIMATING THE PERFORMANCE VECTOR IN-SERVICE AND IN REAL TIME 238 10.12.4 DETECTION WITH ALARM AND COUNTERMEASURE INTELLIGENCE (DACI) 238 10.13 BIOMETRICS AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 241 10.14 SECURITY IN THE NEXT GENERATION OPTICAL NETWORKS 242 REFERENCES 246 CONCLUDING REMARKS 253 11.1 BANDWIDTH EVOLUTION 253 11.2 CONVERGENCE 253 11.3 WHY DO NOT I HAVE FIBER TO MY HOME? 254 11.4 WHAT ABOUT TRADITIONAL SERVICES? 254 11.5 HOW ABOUT SECURITY OF INFORMATION AND OF THE NETWORK? 254 11.6 NUMBER PORTABILITY 255 11.7 HOW IS THE NETWORK MANAGED? 255 11.8 THE BOTTOM LINE 255 XVI CONTENTS APPENDIX: VPI SYSTEMS - DEMONSTRATION EXAMPLES 257 ACRONYMS 261 SHORT BIO 273 INDEX 275
adam_txt	STAMATIOS V. KARTALOPOULOS NEXT GENERATION INTELLIGENT OPTICAL NETWORKS FROM ACCESS TO BACKBONE SPRINGER CONTENTS 1 COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 1 1.1 ANALOG AND DIGITAL TRANSMISSION 1 1.2 BREAKING THE TRAFFIC BARRIER 3 1.3 VOICE AND DATA NETWORKS 5 1.3.1 PSTN AND THE SS7 PROTOCOL 5 1.3.2 DATA NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS 8 1.3.3 NARROWBAND, BROADBAND, AND ULTRABAND SERVICES 9 1.3.4 CIRCUIT SWITCHED VERSUS STORE AND FORWARD 10 1.3.5 TRAFFIC AND SERVICE EVOLUTION IN OPTICAL NETWORKS 12 1.3.6 RELIABILITY OF OPTICAL NETWORKS 12 1.3.7 SECURITY IN OPTICAL NETWORKS 12 REFERENCES 13 2 DIGITAL NETWORKS 15 2.1 SYNCHRONOUS OPTICAL NETWORKS: SONET/SDH 15 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION 15 2.1.2 SONET FRAMES 17 2.1.3 VIRTUAL TRIBUTARIES AND TRIBUTARY UNITS 19 2.1.4 STS-AF FRAMES 22 2.1.5 MAINTENANCE 23 2.2 ASYNCHRONOUS DATA/PACKET NETWORKS 24 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION 24 2.2.2 SYNCHRONIZATION AND TIMING 25 2.2.3 DATA TRAFFIC 25 2.2.4 PACKET NETWORKS 26 2.3 REVIEW OF DATA NETWORKS 28 2.3.1 ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE 28 2.3.2 ETHERNET 32 2.3.3 GIGABIT ETHERNET 33 2.3.4 10 GIGABIT ETHERNET 36 2.3.5 FDDI 37 2.3.6 SWITCHED MULTI-MEGABIT DATA SERVICES 39 2.3.7 FRAME RELAY 39 2.3.8 THE TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL 39 2.3.9 THE USER DATAGRAM PROTOCOL 40 2.3.10 THE REAL-TIME TRANSPORT PROTOCOL 41 2.3.11 INTERNET PROTOCOL 41 XI XII CONTENTS 2.3.12 THE POINT-TO-POINT PROTOCOL 43 2.3.13 4B/5B AND 8B/10B BLOCK CODING 46 2.3.14 FIBER CHANNEL 47 2.3.15 ESCON PROTOCOL 50 2.3.16 FICON PROTOCOL 51 2.4 RESILIENT PACKET RING 52 REFERENCES 53 3 WDM TECHNOLOGY AND NETWORKS 55 3.1 INTRODUCTION 55 3.2 THE OPTICAL FIBER IN COMMUNICATIONS 55 3.2.1 PROPAGATION OF LIGHT IN MATTER 56 3.2.2 EFFECTS THAT AFFECT THE PROPAGATION OF LIGHT IN FIBER 57 3.3 THE OPTICAL COMMUNICATIONS SPECTRUM 63 3.4 TYPES OF FIBER 65 3.4.1 OPTICAL POWER LIMIT 66 3.4.2 FIBER BIREFRINGENCE 67 3.4.3 FIBER DISPERSION 67 3.4.4 NON-LINEAR PHENOMENA CAUSE POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE EFFECTS 69 3.5 OPTICAL AMPLIFIERS 69 3.5.1 RAMAN AMPLIFICATION 70 3.5.2 EDFA AMPLIFICATION 71 3.5.3 SOA AMPLIFICATION 73 3.6 OPTICAL ADD-DROP MULTIPLEXERS 73 3.7 DWDM NETWORKS 73 3.7.1 DWDM NETWORK TOPOLOGIES 74 3.7.2 OPTICAL NETWORK INTERFACES 75 3.7.3 NETWORK SWITCHING 78 3.7.4 TIMING AND SYNCHRONIZATION 81 3.7.5 CHANNEL AND LINK PROTECTION 81 3.7.6 ROUTING 82 3.8 ACCESS WDM SYSTEMS 83 3.8.1 THE GENERAL PON 84 3.8.2 CWDM-PON 87 3.8.3 TDM-PON 87 3.8.4 TDM-PON VERSUS WDM-PON 89 3.8.5 HIERARCHICAL CWDM/TDM-PON 89 3.8.6 HOW REAL IS PON? 94 3.8.7 FREE SPACE OPTICAL 95 REFERENCES 97 4 NEXT GENERATION SONET/SDH 101 4.1 TRAFFIC AND SERVICE CONVERGENCE 101 4.2 NEXT GENERATION SONET/SDH NETWORKS 104 4.2.1 NEXT GENERATION RING NETWORKS 104 4.2.2 NEXT GENERATION MESH NETWORKS 105 4.3 NEXT GENERATION PROTOCOLS 110 4.3.1 CONCATENATION 111 4.3.2 GENERIC MULTI-PROTOCOL LABEL SWITCHING 112 4.3.3 THE GENERIC FRAMING PROCEDURE 114 XIII 4.3.4 LCAS 120 4.3.5 LAPS 123 4.4 CONCATENATION EFFICIENCY 127 REFERENCES 128 5 THE OPTICAL TRANSPORT NETWORK 129 5.1 INTRODUCTION 129 5.2 OTN NETWORK LAYERS 129 5.3 FEC IN OTN 131 5.4 OTN FRAME STRUCTURE 132 5.4.1 OPU-K 132 5.4.2 ODU-K 132 5.4.3 OTU-K 134 5.4.4 THE OPTICAL CHANNEL 135 5.4.5 OPTICAL CHANNEL CARRIER AND OPTICAL CHANNEL GROUP 136 5.4.6 NONASSOCIATED OVERHEAD 137 5.4.7 MAPPING GFP FRAMES IN OPU-K 137 5.5 OTN AND DWDM 138 5.6 OTN MANAGEMENT 139 REFERENCES 140 6 NETWORK SYNCHRONIZATION 141 6.1 INTRODUCTION 141 6.2 SYNCHRONIZATION 141 6.2.1 THE PRIMARY REFERENCE SOURCE 142 6.2.2 THE NODE TIMING UNIT AND THE PHASE LOCK LOOP 143 6.2.3 SYNCHRONIZATION IMPAIRMENTS 145 6.3 THE TIMING SIGNAL 146 6.4 SIGNAL QUALITY 147 6.4.1 NOISE SOURCES 148 6.4.2 QUANTIZATION NOISE 149 6.5 TRANSMISSION FACTORS 149 6.5.1 PHASE DISTORTION AND DISPERSION 150 6.5.2 FREQUENCY DISTORTION 150 6.5.3 POLARIZATION DISTORTION 150 6.5.4 NOISE DUE TO NONLINEARITY OF THE MEDIUM 150 6.5.5 ASE 150 6.6 JITTER AND WANDER 150 6.6.1 INTERSYMBOL INTERFERENCE 153 6.6.2 DATA-DEPENDENT JITTER 153 6.6.3 PULSE-WIDTH DISTORTION JITTER 154 6.6.4 SINUSOIDAL JITTER 154 6.6.5 UNCORRELATED BOUNDED JITTER 154 6.6.6 STOKES NOISE, CHROMATIC JITTER, AND FWM NOISE 154 6.6.7 SOURCES OF JITTER 155 6.6.8 JITTER GENERATION, TOLERANCE, AND TRANSFER 156 6.7 PHOTODETECTOR RESPONSIVITY AND NOISE CONTRIBUTORS 156 REFERENCES 157 7 NETWORK PERFORMANCE 159 7.1 INTRODUCTION 159 CONTENTS 7.2 CHANNEL PERFORMANCE 161 7.3 CARRIER TO NOISE RATIO AND POWER-BANDWIDTH RATIO 162 7.4 SHANNON'S LIMIT 163 7.5 OPTICAL SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO 163 7.6 FACTORS THAT AFFECT CHANNEL PERFORMANCE 164 7.7 ANALYSIS OF BER AND SNR RELATED TO CHANNEL PERFORMANCE 165 7.8 BER AND SNR STATISTICAL ESTIMATION METHOD 167 7.9 CIRCUIT FOR IN-SERVICE AND REAL-TIME PERFORMANCE ESTIMATION 170 7.9.1 THE CIRCUIT 170 7.9.2 PERFORMANCE OF THE CIRCUIT 170 REFERENCES 171 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL 173 8.1 INTRODUCTION 173 8.2 CLIENT BANDWIDTH MANAGEMENT 175 8.3 WAVELENGTH MANAGEMENT 175 8.3.1 PATHS WITH ROADMS 177 8.4 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 177 8.5 CONGESTION MANAGEMENT 178 8.6 ROUTING ALGORITHMS 178 8.7 DISCOVERY OF OPTICAL NETWORK TOPOLOGY 179 8.8 NODE AND NETWORK PROVISIONING 180 8.9 WAVELENGTH MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES 180 REFERENCES 181 NETWORK PROTECTION AND FAULT MANAGEMENT 183 9.1 INTRODUCTION 183 9.2 FAULT DETECTION AND ISOLATION 184 9.3 FAULT AND SERVICE PROTECTION 184 9.4 POINT-TO-POINT NETWORKS 186 9.4.1 MEDIUM-HAUL AND SHORT-HAUL OPTICAL NETWORKS 186 9.5 MESH NETWORK PROTECTION 187 9.6 RING-NETWORK PROTECTION 188 9.7 RING-TO-RING PROTECTION 189 9.8 MULTI-RING SHARED PROTECTION 190 REFERENCES 190 NETWORK SECURITY 191 10.1 AN OLD CONCERN 191 10.2 NETWORK SECURITY ISSUES 195 10.3 DEFMITIONS 196 10.4 SECURITY LEVELS 200 10.5 SECURITY LAYERS IN COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 201 10.5.1 SECURITY ON THE INFORMATION LAYER 201 10.5.2 SECURITY ON THE MAC/NETWORK LAYER 202 10.5.3 SECURITY ON THE LINK LAYER 203 10.6 MATHEMATICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR SECURITY CODING 203 10.6.1 PRIME NUMBER 203 10.6.2 MODULUS ARITHMETIC 204 10.6.3 GREATEST COMMON DIVISOR 205 10.6.4 GROUPS 206 XV 10.6.5 RINGS 207 10.6.6 FIELDS 208 10.7 CIPHERS 208 10.7.1 SYMMETRIE CIPHERS 208 10.7.2 SHIFT CIPHER 208 10.7.3 THE SUBSTITUTION OR RANDOM SHIFT CIPHER 209 10.7.4 THE PERMUTATION CIPHER 209 10.7.5 THE DATA ENCRYPTION STANDARD (DES) 209 10.7.6 THE ADVANCED ENCRYPTION STANDARD (AES) 210 10.7.7 THE RC4 ALGORIFHM 210 10.7.8 ASYMMETRIE CIPHERS 211 10.7.9 THE INTEGER FACTORIZATION PROBLEM 212 10.7.10 ELLIPTIC CURVE FACTORING 212 10.7.11 THE RSA ALGORITHM 212 10.8 QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY 213 10.9 KEY DISTRIBUTION 215 10.9.1 MERKLEY'S ALGORITHM 215 10.9.2 SHAMIR'S KEY DISTRIBUTION METHOD 215 10.9.3 DIFFIE-HELLMAN KEY EXCHANGE 215 10.9.4 ELLIPTIC CURVE CRYPTOGRAPHY 217 10.9.5 DIGITAL SIGNATURE 224 10.9.6 THE TRUSTED THIRD PARTY OR KEY ESCROW ENCRYPTION SYSTEM 225 10.10 QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION 225 10.10.1 POLARIZATION-BASED QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION 226 10.10.2 ENTANGLED STATES AND QUANTUM TELEPORTATION 229 10.10.3 QUANTUM TELEPORTATION AND QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION 232 10.10.4 A TRIVIALIZED EXAMPLE 233 10.10.5 CURRENT ISSUES 233 10.11 CURRENT VULNERABILITIES IN QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY 234 10.12 COUNTERMEASURES IN OPTICAL NETWORKS 236 10.12.1 CLASSIFICATION OF SECURITY NETWORKS REGARDING COUNTERMEASURES 236 10.12.2 DISCRIMINATING BETWEEN FAULTS AND ATTACKS 236 10.12.3 ESTIMATING THE PERFORMANCE VECTOR IN-SERVICE AND IN REAL TIME 238 10.12.4 DETECTION WITH ALARM AND COUNTERMEASURE INTELLIGENCE (DACI) 238 10.13 BIOMETRICS AND COMMUNICATION NETWORKS 241 10.14 SECURITY IN THE NEXT GENERATION OPTICAL NETWORKS 242 REFERENCES 246 CONCLUDING REMARKS 253 11.1 BANDWIDTH EVOLUTION 253 11.2 CONVERGENCE 253 11.3 WHY DO NOT I HAVE FIBER TO MY HOME? 254 11.4 WHAT ABOUT TRADITIONAL SERVICES? 254 11.5 HOW ABOUT SECURITY OF INFORMATION AND OF THE NETWORK? 254 11.6 NUMBER PORTABILITY 255 11.7 HOW IS THE NETWORK MANAGED? 255 11.8 THE BOTTOM LINE 255 XVI CONTENTS APPENDIX: VPI SYSTEMS - DEMONSTRATION EXAMPLES 257 ACRONYMS 261 SHORT BIO 273 INDEX 275
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id	DE-604.BV023297001
illustrated	Not Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-02T20:45:07Z
indexdate	2024-07-09T21:15:14Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9780387717555
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016481521
oclc_num	154711871
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-1043 DE-83
owner_facet	DE-1043 DE-83
physical	XVIII, 284 S. graph. Darst.
publishDate	2008
publishDateSearch	2008
publishDateSort	2008
publisher	Springer
record_format	marc
spelling	Kartalopoulos, Stamatios V. Verfasser aut Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos New York, NY Springer 2008 XVIII, 284 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Télécommunications optiques Optical communications Optische Nachrichtenübertragung (DE-588)4172668-6 gnd rswk-swf Optische Nachrichtenübertragung (DE-588)4172668-6 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-0-387-71756-2 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016481521&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Kartalopoulos, Stamatios V. Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone Télécommunications optiques Optical communications Optische Nachrichtenübertragung (DE-588)4172668-6 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4172668-6
title	Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone
title_auth	Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone
title_exact_search	Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone
title_exact_search_txtP	Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone
title_full	Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos
title_fullStr	Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos
title_full_unstemmed	Next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone Stamatios V. Kartalopoulos
title_short	Next generation intelligent optical networks
title_sort	next generation intelligent optical networks from access to backbone
title_sub	from access to backbone
topic	Télécommunications optiques Optical communications Optische Nachrichtenübertragung (DE-588)4172668-6 gnd
topic_facet	Télécommunications optiques Optical communications Optische Nachrichtenübertragung
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016481521&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT kartalopoulosstamatiosv nextgenerationintelligentopticalnetworksfromaccesstobackbone

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