Pragmatics and grammar:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2008
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Cambridge textbooks in linguistics
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Klappentext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVIII, 343 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780521550185 9780521559942 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | When using language, many aspects of
ou
r
messages are left implicit in what we
say. While
grammaris
responsible for what we express explicitly, pragmatics
explains how we infer additional meanings. The problem
isthat
it is not always a
trivial matterto decide which of the meanings conveyed is explicit (grammatical)
and which implicit (pragmatic). Pragmatics and Grammar lays out a methodology for
students and scholars to distinguish between the two. It explains how and why
grammar and pragmatics combine together in natural discourse, and how
pragmatic uses become grammatical in time.
•
Introduces students to a majortopic within current pragmatics research
•
Discusses prominent questions addressed by scholars interested in
grammar/pragmatics relations
•
Based on natural linguistic examples, providing more persuasive data
•
Addresses how we should tease grammar and pragmatics apart in controversial
Contents
List of tables page
xii
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgments
xv
How to use this book
xvi
Transcription conventions
xvii
1
Introduction: Grammar, pragmatics, and what s between them
1
1.1
On inferring
3
1.2
Generating implicatures
9
1.3
Distinguishing between codes and inferences
11
1.3.1
Why distinguish codes from inferences?
12
1.3.2
How can we distinguish codes from inferences?
16
1.4
Distinguishing between types of inferences
19
1.5
The challenges of a code/inference division of labor
24
PART I: Drawing the grammar/pragmatics divide
25
Introduction
25
2
Distinguishing the grammatical and the
extragrammatical:
referential expressions
27
2.1
Code or inference? Existential presuppositions of definite
descriptions
28
2.1.1
Focusing on commitment
31
2.1.2
Focusing on context satisfaction
3 6
2.1.3
Encoded Givenness and inferred commitment
39
2.2
Code or inference? The referential marking scale
44
2.3
Grammatical or
extragrammatical?
Discourse function and
discourse profile
53
2.3.1
Preferred Argument Structure as discourse profile
55
2.3.2
Genre-related uses of definite descriptions and pronouns:
discourse function and discourse profile
62
3
Distinguishing codes, explicated, implicated, and
truth-compatible inferences
68
3.1
^nrf-associated inferences
71
3.1.1
The semantics/pragmatics division of labor in
interpreting and
72
Contents
3.1.2
What pragmatic status?
78
3.1.2.1
Explicated or implicated?
78
3.1.2.2
Explicated, implicated, and truth-compatible
inferences
84
3.2
The upper bound on most
89
3.2.1
Implicating the upper bound
91
3.2.2
Explicating the upper bound
94
3.2.3
Encoding the upper bound
100
3.3
The coded, the inferred, and the truth-compatible
107
PART II: Crossing the extralinguistic/linguistic divide 111
Introduction HI
4
Grammar, pragmatics, and arbitrariness
117
4.1
Is grammar motivated or arbitrary?
118
4.2
Multiple motivations per form, or, are they?
123
4.3
Motivations competing over forms
129
4.4
Forms competing over motivations
135
4.5
Unmotivated grammaticizations?
139
5
All paths lead to the salient discourse pattern
149
5.1
External forces behind grammar
150
5.1.1
Grammar and our cognition
151
5.1.2
Grammar and
sociocultural
norms
156
5.1.3
Grammar and pragmatic inferencing
159
5.2
External forces propose, discourse disposes
168
5.2.1
Discourse versus cognition
169
5.2.2
Discourse as arbiter
177
5.3
Discourse proposes, the salient discourse pattern disposes
180
5.3.1
The salient discourse pattern
185
5.3.2
Motivated salient discourse patterns
189
5.3.3
Relatively arbitrary salient discourse patterns
193
5.3.4
A possible mechanism for crossing me grammar/
pragmatics divide
205
6
The rise (and potential fall) of reflexive pronouns
212
6.1
A structural account of reflexive pronouns
214
6.1.1
Motivating the structural pattern
216
6.2
The grammaticization path of indicating marked coreference
219
6.2.1
Before grammaticization: indicating marked coreference
with old means
219
6.2.2
The grammaticization of emphatics into reflexives
222
6.2.3
The nonunitary nature of the grammaticization
of reflexives
226
6.3
Reflexives: grammar or pragmatics?
233
6.3.1
Reflexives and coreference between non-co-arguments
235
6.3.2
Reflexives and coreference between co-arguments
238
6.3.3
Markedness differences among reflexive forms
241
Contents
6.3.4
Grammar, and pragmatics too
245
6.4
The potential demise of reflexive pronouns
250
PART III: Bringing grammar and pragmatics back together
257
Introduction
257
7
Grammar/pragmatics interfaces
261
7.1
The widening gap between what is said and a basic-level meaning
261
7.2
A minimalist what is said
268
7.3
A maximalist what is said (truth-conditional pragmatics)
276
7.3.1
Defining what is saidmax
277
7.3.2
Distinguishing explicated and implicated inferences
282
7.4
A mini-max
what is said
292
7.5
What is said as less than semantic meaning
295
7.6
Syncretic approaches to what is said
297
7.7
In conclusion: the grammar/pragmatics divide and interfaces
306
References
309
Author index
337
Subject index
342
|
| adam_txt |
When using language, many aspects of
ou
r
messages are left implicit in what we
say. While
grammaris
responsible for what we express explicitly, pragmatics
explains how we infer additional meanings. The problem
isthat
it is not always a
trivial matterto decide which of the meanings conveyed is explicit (grammatical)
and which implicit (pragmatic). Pragmatics and Grammar lays out a methodology for
students and scholars to distinguish between the two. It explains how and why
grammar and pragmatics combine together in natural discourse, and how
pragmatic uses become grammatical in time.
•
Introduces students to a majortopic within current pragmatics research
•
Discusses prominent questions addressed by scholars interested in
grammar/pragmatics relations
•
Based on natural linguistic examples, providing more persuasive data
•
Addresses how we should tease grammar and pragmatics apart in controversial
Contents
List of tables page
xii
Preface
xiii
Acknowledgments
xv
How to use this book
xvi
Transcription conventions
xvii
1
Introduction: Grammar, pragmatics, and what's between them
1
1.1
On inferring
3
1.2
Generating implicatures
9
1.3
Distinguishing between codes and inferences
11
1.3.1
Why distinguish codes from inferences?
12
1.3.2
How can we distinguish codes from inferences?
16
1.4
Distinguishing between types of inferences
19
1.5
The challenges of a code/inference division of labor
24
PART I: Drawing the grammar/pragmatics divide
25
Introduction
25
2
Distinguishing the grammatical and the
extragrammatical:
referential expressions
27
2.1
Code or inference? Existential presuppositions of definite
descriptions
28
2.1.1
Focusing on commitment
31
2.1.2
Focusing on context satisfaction
3 6
2.1.3
Encoded Givenness and inferred commitment
39
2.2
Code or inference? The referential marking scale
44
2.3
Grammatical or
extragrammatical?
Discourse function and
discourse profile
53
2.3.1
Preferred Argument Structure as discourse profile
55
2.3.2
Genre-related uses of definite descriptions and pronouns:
discourse function and discourse profile
62
3
Distinguishing codes, explicated, implicated, and
truth-compatible inferences
68
3.1
^nrf-associated inferences
71
3.1.1
The semantics/pragmatics division of labor in
interpreting and
72
Contents
3.1.2
What pragmatic status?
78
3.1.2.1
Explicated or implicated?
78
3.1.2.2
Explicated, implicated, and truth-compatible
inferences
84
3.2
The upper bound on most
89
3.2.1
Implicating the upper bound
91
3.2.2
Explicating the upper bound
94
3.2.3
Encoding the upper bound
100
3.3
The coded, the inferred, and the truth-compatible
107
PART II: Crossing the extralinguistic/linguistic divide 111
Introduction HI
4
Grammar, pragmatics, and arbitrariness
117
4.1
Is grammar motivated or arbitrary?
118
4.2
Multiple motivations per form, or, are they?
123
4.3
Motivations competing over forms
129
4.4
Forms competing over motivations
135
4.5
Unmotivated grammaticizations?
139
5
All paths lead to the salient discourse pattern
149
5.1
External forces behind grammar
150
5.1.1
Grammar and our cognition
151
5.1.2
Grammar and
sociocultural
norms
156
5.1.3
Grammar and pragmatic inferencing
159
5.2
External forces propose, discourse disposes
168
5.2.1
Discourse versus cognition
169
5.2.2
Discourse as arbiter
177
5.3
Discourse proposes, the salient discourse pattern disposes
180
5.3.1
The salient discourse pattern
185
5.3.2
Motivated salient discourse patterns
189
5.3.3
Relatively arbitrary salient discourse patterns
193
5.3.4
A possible mechanism for crossing me grammar/
pragmatics divide
205
6
The rise (and potential fall) of reflexive pronouns
212
6.1
A structural account of reflexive pronouns
214
6.1.1
Motivating the structural pattern
216
6.2
The grammaticization path of indicating marked coreference
219
6.2.1
Before grammaticization: indicating marked coreference
with old means
219
6.2.2
The grammaticization of emphatics into reflexives
222
6.2.3
The nonunitary nature of the grammaticization
of reflexives
226
6.3
Reflexives: grammar or pragmatics?
233
6.3.1
Reflexives and coreference between non-co-arguments
235
6.3.2
Reflexives and coreference between co-arguments
238
6.3.3
Markedness differences among reflexive forms
241
Contents
6.3.4
Grammar, and pragmatics too
245
6.4
The potential demise of reflexive pronouns
250
PART III: Bringing grammar and pragmatics back together
257
Introduction
257
7
Grammar/pragmatics interfaces
261
7.1
The widening gap between 'what is said' and a basic-level meaning
261
7.2
A minimalist 'what is said'
268
7.3
A maximalist 'what is said' (truth-conditional pragmatics)
276
7.3.1
Defining'what is saidmax'
277
7.3.2
Distinguishing explicated and implicated inferences
282
7.4
A mini-max
'what is said'
292
7.5
'What is said' as less than semantic meaning
295
7.6
Syncretic approaches to 'what is said'
297
7.7
In conclusion: the grammar/pragmatics divide and interfaces
306
References
309
Author index
337
Subject index
342 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:36:35Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:14:40Z |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | Ariel, Mira Verfasser aut Pragmatics and grammar Mira Ariel 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2008 XVIII, 343 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Cambridge textbooks in linguistics Pragmatics Grammar, Comparative and general Grammatik Pragmatik (DE-588)4076315-8 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s Pragmatik (DE-588)4076315-8 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Augsburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016457738&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016457738&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ariel, Mira Pragmatics and grammar Pragmatics Grammar, Comparative and general Grammatik Pragmatik (DE-588)4076315-8 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076315-8 (DE-588)4021806-5 |
| title | Pragmatics and grammar |
| title_auth | Pragmatics and grammar |
| title_exact_search | Pragmatics and grammar |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Pragmatics and grammar |
| title_full | Pragmatics and grammar Mira Ariel |
| title_fullStr | Pragmatics and grammar Mira Ariel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pragmatics and grammar Mira Ariel |
| title_short | Pragmatics and grammar |
| title_sort | pragmatics and grammar |
| topic | Pragmatics Grammar, Comparative and general Grammatik Pragmatik (DE-588)4076315-8 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pragmatics Grammar, Comparative and general Grammatik Pragmatik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016457738&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016457738&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT arielmira pragmaticsandgrammar |