Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Warszawa
2008
|
| Series: | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
37 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.. Intelligence and contre intelligence of the Home Army |
| Physical Description: | 501 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788360464540 |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
...................................................................................................................................... 7
Części
Władysław Bułhak
1.
Raport szefa Oddziału
II
KG AK ppłk. dypl. Mariana Drobika „Bieżąca
polityka polska a rzeczywistość i sprawa jego aresztowania
(listopad-grudzien
1943)................................................................................................... 15
Ziemowit Chomiczewski
2.
Pion Studialny Oddziału
Π
Komendy Głównej ZWZ-AK
1939-1944.
Zarys historii
..................................................................................................................... 78
Andrzej Gąsiorowski
3.
Kontrwywiad SZP-ZWZ-AK na Pomorzu
1939-1945.
Niebezpieczna gra
z Gestapo
............................................................................................................................ 116
Waldemar Grabowslci
4.
Biuro Wojskowe Spraw Wewnętrznych i Brygady Wywiadowcze Szefostwa
Biur Wojskowych Komendy Głównej ZWZ-AK (kryptonimy: „Głóg , „Róża ,
„Teczka , „Zeszyt ) w latach
1941-1943
w świetle materiałów Ministerstwa
Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego
............................................................................................ 167
Janusz Marszalec
5.
Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej w czasie Powstania Warszawskiego
............ 197
Część
II
Władysław Bułhak, Andrzej Krzysztof
Kunért
6.
Kontrwywiad podziemnej Warszawy. Struktura, zadania i obsada personalna
kontrwywiadu Komendy Głównej, Obszaru Warszawa i Okręgu Warszawa
ZWZ-AK w latach
1939-1944.......................................................................................... 239
Uwagi wprowadzające
.................................................................................................... 239
Geneza kontrwywiadu Komendy Głównej
..................................................................... 244
Struktura i obsada personalna kontrwywiadu Komendy Głównej
................................. 252
Struktura i obsada personalna kontrwywiadu Obszaru Warszawa
................................. 344
Struktura i obsada personalna kontrwywiadu Okręgu Warszawa
.................................. 354
Summary
................................................................................................................................. 374
Wykaz skrótów
....................................................................................................................... 381
Indeks osób
............................................................................................................................. 385
SUMMARY
Intelligence and Counter Intelligence of the Home Army.
Part One: Studies on the intelligence activities and security problems of the SZP-ZWZ-AK
(Service for Poland s Victory-Union of Armed Struggle-Home Army)
-1939-1945.
Edited by
Władysław Bułhak
The intelligence and counter-intelligence work of the Polish underground was
of great importance to Allied efforts during the Second World War, as well strengthening
the Poland s position in the anti-German camp. Its employees perfectly understood this
fact. One of them,
Kazimierz Leski,
alias
Bradi ,
when imprisoned in a communist
prison in
1946,
wrote with pride about his intelligence activities in the period from
1939-1945:
I thought active intelligence to be the greatest way of fighting
[...],
which
allowed to use courage, presence of mind, as well as cleverness, intelligence and organ¬
isational abilities on one hand, and on the other hand it brought definitely greater advan¬
tages for the whole war effort against Germany than local guerilla war , and further,
intelligence
[...]
was an enormous contribution by the Country to the war effort
[...],
while giving the Polish Government in London and the Commander-in-Chief serious
arguments in negotiations with Brits, allowing for establishing better conditions for
Poland. Every intelligence employee was conscious of that fact .
It seems that despite a relatively rich and generally accessible source base, the knowl¬
edge of historians on the activities and achievements of Polish intelligence during the
Second World War is to a great extent still incomplete (not to mention the knowledge of the
Polish and European public at large). Thus the authors who decided to publish their findings
in this book thought it important not only to describe hitherto unknown aspects of the under-
ground s intelligence and counter-intelligence activities, but also to pose new questions to
the sources and deepen answers to those already asked; including those most important ones:
the subjectivity of Polish efforts in the field of the intelligence and their meaning in the deci¬
sion-making process that impacted the further destiny of the country and nation.
In the first text, the editor of the present volume, IPN historian
Władysław Bułhak,
presents the case of the commander of the Second AK Division Headquarters s (both
intelligence and counter-intelligence), Lt. Col. Marian Drobik, alias
Dzięcioł ,
report of
8
November
1943,
entitled Current Polish Policy and Reality . The report, based on
information and analyses of Polish intelligence, stated that due to German defeats
(Stalingrad and Kursk) the Soviets gained a permanent strategic initiative on the Eastern
374
front,
which allowed them to: think of restoring the
1940
borders, occupation
of Germany and including Poland and Czechoslovakia into the zone of influence. It was
accompanied by a reasonable review of US and British policy on the Polish question,
which foreseeing the decisions taken at Teheran and Yalta. At the same time the author
of the report pointed out the potential dangers for the sovereign Polish state that the cre¬
ation of clandestine communist organisations in the occupied country and openly pro-
Moscow organisations within the Soviet Union represented. Consequently he opted for
the restoration of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union (broken in April
1943
due
to the
Katyń
case) at any price counting on the support of the other Allies. He main¬
tained that this would allow the government to return to the country immediately after
its occupation by Soviet forces and regain political power . The cost demanded by the
Russians, the colonel argued, would be consent for revision of the borders. His con¬
clusions converged with British policy on the Polish question. After the report had been
rejected by the AK high command Drobik tried to commit suicide (unsuccessfully). He
was at the time also dismissed from his post. At the same time, the Gestapo managed to
break the Polish underground intelligence
s
command; one of those arrested was Drobik. He
was probably murdered by the Germans after the outbreak of the Warsaw Rising in
1944.
The second text included in the book, written by Ziemowit Chomiczewski, a historian
and teacher from
Łódź,
describes the history of the Study Department
(Pion Studialny)
of
the Second Division of the AK Headquarters. The author points out that similar to most
intelligence organisations the Polish underground intelligence had four work areas: opera¬
tional (intelligence gathering), study (processing gathered data), technical (logistical), and
of counter-intelligence (protection of own people and information). The main task of the
Study Department was segregating, comparing, and processing operational material. AK
intelligence worked on all aspects of the Third Reich: military, economic and social prob¬
lems. To study these questions more deeply three units of the Department had been creat¬
ed: the Military Studies Bureau, Industrial Studies Bureau and Bureau of Propaganda and
Public Opinion Studies. The most important achievements of the Study Department were
as follows: gaining knowledge about German preparations for the attack on USSR in June
1941
and defining the direction of the
Wehrmacht
offensive and forces used in summer
1942
on the Eastern front, and
-
last but not least
-
working out new kinds of weapons,
such as jet planes and
Wunderwaffe
(V-l and V-2 rockets or flying bombs ).
The following study authored by well known Pomeranian historian
Andrzej Gą-
siorowski deals with SZP-ZWZ-AK counter-intelligence in
Pomerania
in
1939-1945
and
its dangerous run-in with the Gestapo.
Gąsiorowski
suggests that it was not a coinci¬
dence that SZP-ZWZ-AK counter-intelligence (not only in
Pomerania)
is one of the least
discussed subjects. This results from the fact that historians researching this kind of activ¬
ity face various problems, mainly with the sources. Counter-intelligence matters were kept
strictly secret during the occupation. This resulted from the fact that members of the
counter-intelligence departments had to contact German special services or were members
of Polish clandestine organisations other than SZP-ZWZ-AK, without exposing their
membership in the latter organisation, not to mention belonging to its intelligence service.
The article tries to describe the activities of the SZP-ZWZ-AK counter-intelligence
in
Pomerania,
including pre-war preparations. Organisational and staffing problems led
375
to the fact that the counter-intelligence department from
1939
to
1945
was seperated
from intelligence structures of the
Pomerania
District ZP-ZWZ-AK, and counter-intelli¬
gence tasks were performed by members of the intelligence network. It was only in
1944,
after the infiltration of AK units by members of the Polish Uprising Army
(Polska Armia
Powstania, PAP)
co-operating with the Gestapo, that the counter-intelligence department
was separated. Faced with the lack of archival documents, the author tries to recreate and
depict examples of counter-intelligence activities in the period from
1939-1943
on the
basis of other sources (mainly personal accounts). Counter-intelligence actions from
1944,
which aimed to limit the infiltration of AK structures by the Gestapo by means of
PAP members, were presented in a more detailed way, as original documents of the AK
Pomeranian district have survived. Finally, the counter-intelligence activities of Polish
Underground State structures in
Pomerania
immediately after its occupation by the
Russians in
1945
are presented.
In the following study, IPN historian
Waldemar Grabowski
writes about the Military
Bureau of Internal Affairs and Intelligence Brigades of the ZWZ-AK Headquarters
Military Command. During the Second World War, there existed two structures of clan¬
destine administration within the occupied country. The first was created in
1940,
was
the Militarised Administration (Military Civil Administration), organised by ZWZ-AK.
The second, Substitute Administration, or the Government Delegate s Office at Home,
was created only in
1941.
Grabowski explains the organisational structure, scope
of activities and staffing of Bureau of Internal Affairs within the structure of Military
Civil Administration. It was one of nine bureaus within ZWZ-AK Headquarters Military
Command. Apart from performing its own tasks on the central level, it organised and
supervised the work of local structures. The head of Military Bureau of Internal Affairs was
Jerzy Strowski
-
alias
Wiktor .
The bureau s scope of interests included the organisation
of a clandestine administration, preparing the takeover of buildings occupied by the
Occupation administration, preparing the takeover (after removing the occupants) of mil¬
itary property and security matters. Military Bureau of Internal Affairs consisted of four
divisions (General, Administrative, Security and Self-governance) and an independent
military section. In order to perform tasks connected to political intelligence Intelligence
Brigades were created in the districts, which were pass on information to the Government
delegate. According to the instructions, the commander of the intelligence brigade was
a member of the security section in the Military Department of the given AK district.
Intelligence covered regulations of the German occupants, social life in the occupied
country, Ukrainian and Belarusan matters and left-wing organisations.
Intelligence Brigades were divided according to AK districts which were subdivided
into regions according to the individual administrative divisions. Brigades included
a commander, deputy commander, district commanders and a secretariat. Activities
of communist organisations were examined very thoroughly. Intelligence activities cov¬
ered also the activities of Germans,
Volksdeutsch,
Jews, Ukrainians, Belarussians and
Russians. On the basis of the gathered materials district commanders prepared monthly
and ad hoc reports sent to the commander of the Intelligence Brigade of the given area.
The area situation reports were based on local reports was sent to the Military Bureau
Command.
376
In the last of the presented studies
Janusz
Marszalec, a historian from IPN
Gdańsk,
depicts the history of AK intelligence and counter-intelligence during the Warsaw
Rising. As the author argues, after the Rising had broken out, despite the existence of
a central command
-
the Second Division of AK Headquarters
-
sections of intelligence
and counter-intelligence emerged spontaneously on various command levels. Multilevel
and multidirectional activities became a fact as Warsaw was shattered into isolated dis¬
trict-bastions and problems with communication arose. The article presents the activities
of the staff groups of the Second Division of AK Headquarters (the importance of which
weakened over time), the history of counter-intelligence of AK Headquarters, as well
as of local structures (on the level of area, district and lower level). According to the
author, at the time of the Rising the Second Information and Intelligence Division of the
Warsaw Area AK Staff, which had a network of intelligence officers at units and staffs
of districts, groupings, battalions, as well as smaller units, was most important. The
author also notes, on the basis of his findings connected with functions of the aforemen¬
tioned structures, the interesting phenomena of the merging of offensive intelligence with
counter-intelligence during the Rising. Moreover, he describes the methods employed by
intelligence and counter-intelligence during the Rising, the engagement of the intelli¬
gence in the field of working out groupings of ultra left wing, including
AL
and PAL,
as well as Soviet officer
Konstantin Kalugin.
He does not avoid sensitive problems,
involving the abuse of power by the authorities, inlcuding the famous excesses
of
Czesław
Mekiňskľs,
alias
Kapitan Gryf Pomorski ,
counter-intelligence unit.
|
| adam_txt |
SPIS TREŚCI
Wstęp
. 7
Części
Władysław Bułhak
1.
Raport szefa Oddziału
II
KG AK ppłk. dypl. Mariana Drobika „Bieżąca
polityka polska a rzeczywistość" i sprawa jego aresztowania
(listopad-grudzien
1943). 15
Ziemowit Chomiczewski
2.
Pion Studialny Oddziału
Π
Komendy Głównej ZWZ-AK
1939-1944.
Zarys historii
. 78
Andrzej Gąsiorowski
3.
Kontrwywiad SZP-ZWZ-AK na Pomorzu
1939-1945.
Niebezpieczna gra
z Gestapo
. 116
Waldemar Grabowslci
4.
Biuro Wojskowe Spraw Wewnętrznych i Brygady Wywiadowcze Szefostwa
Biur Wojskowych Komendy Głównej ZWZ-AK (kryptonimy: „Głóg", „Róża",
„Teczka", „Zeszyt") w latach
1941-1943
w świetle materiałów Ministerstwa
Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego
. 167
Janusz Marszalec
5.
Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej w czasie Powstania Warszawskiego
. 197
Część
II
Władysław Bułhak, Andrzej Krzysztof
Kunért
6.
Kontrwywiad podziemnej Warszawy. Struktura, zadania i obsada personalna
kontrwywiadu Komendy Głównej, Obszaru Warszawa i Okręgu Warszawa
ZWZ-AK w latach
1939-1944. 239
Uwagi wprowadzające
. 239
Geneza kontrwywiadu Komendy Głównej
. 244
Struktura i obsada personalna kontrwywiadu Komendy Głównej
. 252
Struktura i obsada personalna kontrwywiadu Obszaru Warszawa
. 344
Struktura i obsada personalna kontrwywiadu Okręgu Warszawa
. 354
Summary
. 374
Wykaz skrótów
. 381
Indeks osób
. 385
SUMMARY
Intelligence and Counter Intelligence of the Home Army.
Part One: Studies on the intelligence activities and security problems of the SZP-ZWZ-AK
(Service for Poland's Victory-Union of Armed Struggle-Home Army)
-1939-1945.
Edited by
Władysław Bułhak
The intelligence and counter-intelligence work of the Polish underground was
of great importance to Allied efforts during the Second "World War, as well strengthening
the Poland's position in the anti-German camp. Its employees perfectly understood this
fact. One of them,
Kazimierz Leski,
alias
"Bradi",
when imprisoned in a communist
prison in
1946,
wrote with pride about his intelligence activities in the period from
1939-1945:
"I thought active intelligence to be the greatest way of fighting
[.],
which
allowed to use courage, presence of mind, as well as cleverness, intelligence and organ¬
isational abilities on one hand, and on the other hand it brought definitely greater advan¬
tages for the whole war effort against Germany than local guerilla war", and further,
"intelligence
[.]
was an enormous contribution by the Country to the war effort
[.],
while giving the Polish Government in London and the Commander-in-Chief serious
arguments in negotiations with Brits, allowing for establishing better conditions for
Poland. Every intelligence employee was conscious of that fact".
It seems that despite a relatively rich and generally accessible source base, the knowl¬
edge of historians on the activities and achievements of Polish intelligence during the
Second World War is to a great extent still incomplete (not to mention the knowledge of the
Polish and European public at large). Thus the authors who decided to publish their findings
in this book thought it important not only to describe hitherto unknown aspects of the under-
ground's intelligence and counter-intelligence activities, but also to pose new questions to
the sources and deepen answers to those already asked; including those most important ones:
the subjectivity of Polish efforts in the field of the intelligence and their meaning in the deci¬
sion-making process that impacted the further destiny of the country and nation.
In the first text, the editor of the present volume, IPN historian
Władysław Bułhak,
presents the case of the commander of the Second AK Division Headquarters's (both
intelligence and counter-intelligence), Lt. Col. Marian Drobik, alias
"Dzięcioł",
report of
8
November
1943,
entitled "Current Polish Policy and Reality". The report, based on
information and analyses of Polish intelligence, stated that due to German defeats
(Stalingrad and Kursk) the Soviets gained a permanent strategic initiative on the Eastern
374
front,
which allowed them to: think of restoring the
1940
borders, occupation
of Germany and including Poland and Czechoslovakia into the zone of influence. It was
accompanied by a reasonable review of US and British policy on the Polish question,
which foreseeing the decisions taken at Teheran and Yalta. At the same time the author
of the report pointed out the potential dangers for the sovereign Polish state that the cre¬
ation of clandestine communist organisations in the occupied country and openly pro-
Moscow organisations within the Soviet Union represented. Consequently he opted for
the restoration of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union (broken in April
1943
due
to the
Katyń
case) "at any price" counting on the support of the other Allies. He main¬
tained that "this would allow the government to return to the country immediately after
its occupation by Soviet forces and regain political power". "The cost demanded by the
Russians," the colonel argued, "would be consent for revision of the borders." His con¬
clusions converged with British policy on the Polish question. After the report had been
rejected by the AK high command Drobik tried to commit suicide (unsuccessfully). He
was at the time also dismissed from his post. At the same time, the Gestapo managed to
break the Polish underground intelligence'
s
command; one of those arrested was Drobik. He
was probably murdered by the Germans after the outbreak of the Warsaw Rising in
1944.
The second text included in the book, written by Ziemowit Chomiczewski, a historian
and teacher from
Łódź,
describes the history of the Study Department
(Pion Studialny)
of
the Second Division of the AK Headquarters. The author points out that similar to most
intelligence organisations the Polish underground intelligence had four work areas: opera¬
tional (intelligence gathering), study (processing gathered data), technical (logistical), and
of counter-intelligence (protection of own people and information). The main task of the
Study Department was segregating, comparing, and processing operational material. AK
intelligence worked on all aspects of the Third Reich: military, economic and social prob¬
lems. To study these questions more deeply three units of the Department had been creat¬
ed: the Military Studies Bureau, Industrial Studies Bureau and Bureau of Propaganda and
Public Opinion Studies. The most important achievements of the Study Department were
as follows: gaining knowledge about German preparations for the attack on USSR in June
1941
and defining the direction of the
Wehrmacht
offensive and forces used in summer
1942
on the Eastern front, and
-
last but not least
-
"working out" new kinds of weapons,
such as jet planes and
Wunderwaffe
(V-l and V-2 rockets or "flying bombs").
The following study authored by well known Pomeranian historian
Andrzej Gą-
siorowski deals with SZP-ZWZ-AK counter-intelligence in
Pomerania
in
1939-1945
and
its dangerous "run-in" with the Gestapo.
Gąsiorowski
suggests that it was not a coinci¬
dence that SZP-ZWZ-AK counter-intelligence (not only in
Pomerania)
is one of the least
discussed subjects. This results from the fact that historians researching this kind of activ¬
ity face various problems, mainly with the sources. Counter-intelligence matters were kept
strictly secret during the occupation. This resulted from the fact that members of the
counter-intelligence departments had to contact German special services or were members
of Polish clandestine organisations other than SZP-ZWZ-AK, without exposing their
membership in the latter organisation, not to mention belonging to its intelligence service.
The article tries to describe the activities of the SZP-ZWZ-AK counter-intelligence
in
Pomerania,
including pre-war preparations. Organisational and staffing problems led
375
to the fact that the counter-intelligence department from
1939
to
1945
was seperated
from intelligence structures of the
Pomerania
District ZP-ZWZ-AK, and counter-intelli¬
gence tasks were performed by members of the intelligence network. It was only in
1944,
after the infiltration of AK units by members of the Polish Uprising Army
(Polska Armia
Powstania, PAP)
co-operating with the Gestapo, that the counter-intelligence department
was separated. Faced with the lack of archival documents, the author tries to recreate and
depict examples of counter-intelligence activities in the period from
1939-1943
on the
basis of other sources (mainly personal accounts). Counter-intelligence actions from
1944,
which aimed to limit the infiltration of AK structures by the Gestapo by means of
PAP members, were presented in a more detailed way, as original documents of the AK
Pomeranian district have survived. Finally, the counter-intelligence activities of Polish
Underground State structures in
Pomerania
immediately after its occupation by the
Russians in
1945
are presented.
In the following study, IPN historian
Waldemar Grabowski
writes about the Military
Bureau of Internal Affairs and Intelligence Brigades of the ZWZ-AK Headquarters
Military Command. During the Second World War, there existed two structures of clan¬
destine administration within the occupied country. The first was created in
1940,
was
the Militarised Administration (Military Civil Administration), organised by ZWZ-AK.
The second, Substitute Administration, or the Government Delegate's Office at Home,
was created only in
1941.
Grabowski explains the organisational structure, scope
of activities and staffing of Bureau of Internal Affairs within the structure of Military
Civil Administration. It was one of nine bureaus within ZWZ-AK Headquarters Military
Command. Apart from performing its own tasks on the central level, it organised and
supervised the work of local structures. The head of Military Bureau of Internal Affairs was
Jerzy Strowski
-
alias
"Wiktor".
The bureau's scope of interests included the organisation
of a clandestine administration, preparing the takeover of buildings occupied by the
Occupation administration, preparing the takeover (after removing the occupants) of mil¬
itary property and security matters. Military Bureau of Internal Affairs consisted of four
divisions (General, Administrative, Security and Self-governance) and an independent
military section. In order to perform tasks connected to political intelligence Intelligence
Brigades were created in the districts, which were pass on information to the Government
delegate. According to the instructions, the commander of the intelligence brigade was
a member of the security section in the Military Department of the given AK district.
Intelligence covered regulations of the German occupants, social life in the occupied
country, Ukrainian and Belarusan matters and left-wing organisations.
Intelligence Brigades were divided according to AK districts which were subdivided
into regions according to the individual administrative divisions. Brigades included
a commander, deputy commander, district commanders and a secretariat. Activities
of communist organisations were examined very thoroughly. Intelligence activities cov¬
ered also the activities of Germans,
Volksdeutsch,
Jews, Ukrainians, Belarussians and
Russians. On the basis of the gathered materials district commanders prepared monthly
and ad hoc reports sent to the commander of the Intelligence Brigade of the given area.
The area situation reports were based on local reports was sent to the Military Bureau
Command.
376
In the last of the presented studies
Janusz
Marszalec, a historian from IPN
Gdańsk,
depicts the history of AK intelligence and counter-intelligence during the Warsaw
Rising. As the author argues, after the Rising had broken out, despite the existence of
a central command
-
the Second Division of AK Headquarters
-
sections of intelligence
and counter-intelligence emerged spontaneously on various command levels. Multilevel
and multidirectional activities became a fact as Warsaw was shattered into isolated dis¬
trict-bastions and problems with communication arose. The article presents the activities
of the staff groups of the Second Division of AK Headquarters (the importance of which
weakened over time), the history of counter-intelligence of AK Headquarters, as well
as of local structures (on the level of area, district and lower level). According to the
author, at the time of the Rising the Second Information and Intelligence Division of the
Warsaw Area AK Staff, which had a network of intelligence officers at units and staffs
of districts, groupings, battalions, as well as smaller units, was most important. The
author also notes, on the basis of his findings connected with functions of the aforemen¬
tioned structures, the interesting phenomena of the merging of offensive intelligence with
counter-intelligence during the Rising. Moreover, he describes the methods employed by
intelligence and counter-intelligence during the Rising, the engagement of the intelli¬
gence in the field of working out groupings of ultra left wing, including
AL
and PAL,
as well as Soviet officer
Konstantin Kalugin.
He does not avoid sensitive problems,
involving the abuse of power by the authorities, inlcuding the famous excesses
of
Czesław
Mekiňskľs,
alias
"Kapitan Gryf Pomorski",
counter-intelligence unit. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Bułhak, Władysław 1965- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1078041717 |
| author_facet | Bułhak, Władysław 1965- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Bułhak, Władysław 1965- |
| author_variant | w b wb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023266394 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)239682861 (DE-599)BVBBV023266394 |
| era | Geschichte 1939-1945 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1939-1945 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023266394 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:34:05Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:14:31Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788360464540 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016451491 |
| oclc_num | 239682861 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 501 S. |
| psigel | DHB_JDG_ISBN_1 |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
| spelling | Bułhak, Władysław 1965- Verfasser (DE-588)1078041717 aut Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej pod red. Władysława Bułhaka Warszawa 2008 501 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monografie / Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu 37 Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.. Intelligence and contre intelligence of the Home Army Armee im Lande Polen (DE-588)4028040-8 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 1939-1945 gnd rswk-swf Spionage (DE-588)4056287-6 gnd rswk-swf Spionageabwehr (DE-588)4182342-4 gnd rswk-swf Armee im Lande Polen (DE-588)4028040-8 b Spionage (DE-588)4056287-6 s Geschichte 1939-1945 z DE-604 Spionageabwehr (DE-588)4182342-4 s Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu Monografie 37 (DE-604)BV017143574 37 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016451491&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016451491&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Bułhak, Władysław 1965- Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej Armee im Lande Polen (DE-588)4028040-8 gnd Spionage (DE-588)4056287-6 gnd Spionageabwehr (DE-588)4182342-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4028040-8 (DE-588)4056287-6 (DE-588)4182342-4 |
| title | Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej |
| title_auth | Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej |
| title_exact_search | Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej |
| title_full | Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej pod red. Władysława Bułhaka |
| title_fullStr | Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej pod red. Władysława Bułhaka |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej pod red. Władysława Bułhaka |
| title_short | Wywiad i kontrwywiad Armii Krajowej |
| title_sort | wywiad i kontrwywiad armii krajowej |
| topic | Armee im Lande Polen (DE-588)4028040-8 gnd Spionage (DE-588)4056287-6 gnd Spionageabwehr (DE-588)4182342-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Armee im Lande Polen Spionage Spionageabwehr |
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| volume_link | (DE-604)BV017143574 |
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