Next generation IPTV services and technologies:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Hoboken, N.J
Wiley
2008
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| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XVII, 490 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470163726 |
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| adam_text | NEXT GENERATION IPTV SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES GERARD O DRISCOLL
BICENTENNIAL BICENTENNIAL WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.,
PUBLICATION CONTENTS PREFACE XI ORGANIZATIONAL AND TOPICAL COVERAGE XII
WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK XIII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIV ABOUT THE AUTHOR XVII
1 IPTV: THE ULTIMATE VIEWING EXPERIENCE 1 1.1 DEFINING IPTV 2 1.2
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IPTV AND INTERNET TV 3 1.3 OVERVIEW OF AN IPTV
NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE 4 1.4 KEY IPTV APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES 6 1.5
GROWTH DRIVERS FOR IPTV 10 1.6 MARKET DATA 12 1.7 INDUSTRY INITIATIVES
TO STANDARDIZE IPTV 13 SUMMARY 18 2 IPTV NETWORK DISTRIBUTION
TECHNOLOGIES 20 2.1 LAST MILE BROADBAND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK TYPES 21
2.2 IPTV OVER A FIBER ACCESS NETWORK 21 2.3 IPTV OVER AN ADSL NETWORK 26
2.4 IPTV OVER NEXT GENERATION CABLE TV NETWORKS 32 2.5 IPTV OVER
WIRELESS NETWORKS 48 2.6 IPTV OVER THE INTERNET 53 2.7 IPTV BACKBONE
TECHNOLOGIES 56 VIII CONTENTS 2.8 NETWORK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
DEPLOYING IPTV 60 SUMMARY 62 3 IPTV REAL-TIME ENCODING AND
TRANSPORTATION 64 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO REAL-TIME ENCODING 64 3.2
COMPRESSION METHODS 66 3.3 PACKETIZING AND ENCAPSULATING VIDEO CONTENT
81 SUMMARY 116 4 BROADCASTING LINEAR PROGRAMMING OVER IPTV 118 4.1
UNDERLYING VIDEO COMPONENTS OF AN END-TO-END IPTV SYSTEM 119 4.2
DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO STREAMING IPTV CONTENT 124 4.3 MULTICASTING
ACROSS AN IPTV NETWORK 129 4.4 IPTV MULTICASTING NETWORKING ARCHITECTURE
130 4.5 MULTICASTING IPTV CONTENT ACROSS IPV6 NETWORKS 155 4.6
INTRODUCTION TO CHANNEL CHANGING 158 4.7 FUNDAMENTALS OF CHANNEL
CHANGING 163 4.8 TECHNIQUES FOR SPEEDING UP IPTV CHANNEL CHANGING TIMES
166 4.9 DISCOVERING CHANNEL PROGRAM INFORMATION 169 4.10 TIME-SHIFTING
MULTICAST IPTV 172 4.11 CHANNEL-CHANGING INDUSTRY INITIATIVES 173
SUMMARY 173 5 IPTV CONSUMER DEVICES (IPTVCDS) 175 5.1 ABOUT RESIDENTIAL
GATEWAYS 175 5.2 RG TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE 177 5.3 RG FUNCTIONALITY 178
5.4 RG INDUSTRY STANDARDS 184 5.5 INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SET-TOP BOXES
193 5.6 THE EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL SET-TOP BOXES 195 5.7 CATEGORIES OF
DIGITAL SET-TOP BOXES 197 5.8 MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS FOR DIGITAL
SET-TOP BOXES 197 5.9 IP SET-TOP BOXES DEFINED 200 5.10 TYPES OF IP
SET-TOP BOXES 201 5.11 OTHER EMERGING IPTV CONSUMER DEVICES 223 SUMMARY
224 6 IPTVCD SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 229 6.1 WHAT MAKES AN IPTVCD TICK?
229 6.2 INTERACTIVE TV MIDDLEWARE STANDARDS 232 6.3 PROPRIETARY
MIDDLEWARE SOLUTIONS 247 SUMMARY 247 IX 7 IPTV CONDITIONAL ACCESS AND
DRM SYSTEMS 249 7.1 INTRODUCTION TO IPTV SECURITY 249 7.2 DEFINING IPTV
CA SECURITY SYSTEMS 250 7.3 CA INDUSTRY INITIATIVES 263 7.4 INTRODUCTION
TO NEXT GENERATION DRM SOLUTIONS 265 7.5 IPTV INTRANET PROTECTION 282
SUMMARY 283 8 MOVING IPTV AROUND THE HOUSE 285 8.1 ABOUT WHOLE HOME
MEDIA NETWORKING (WHMN) 286 8.2 WHMN ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 287 8.3 FAST
ETHERNET AND GIGABIT ETHERNET (GIGE) 288 8.4 802.1 IN 294 8.5 HOMEPLUG
AV 298 8.6 UPA-DHS 305 8.7 HOMEPNA*3.1 307 8.8 MULTIMEDIA OVER COAX
ALLIANCE (MOCA*) 311 8.9 WHMN MIDDLEWARE SOFTWARE STANDARDS 314 8.10 QOS
AND WHMN APPLICATIONS 328 SUMMARY 329 9 VIDEO-ON-DEMAND (VOD) OVER IP
DELIVERY NETWORKS 332 9.1 HISTORY OF PAY-PER-VIEW 332 9.2 UNDERSTANDING
PPV 333 9.3 THE EMERGENCE OF RF AND IP BASED VOD 334 9.4 TYPES OF IP-VOD
SERVICES 335 9.5 UNDERLYING BUILDING BLOCKS OF AN END-TO-END IP-VOD
INFRASTRUCTURE 340 9.6 INTEGRATING IP-VOD APPLICATIONS WITH OTHER IP
BASED SERVICES 358 9.7 PROTECTING IP-VOD CONTENT 364 SUMMARY 365 10 IP
BASED HIGH DEFINITION TV 367 10.1 OVERVIEW OF SDTV AND HDTV TECHNOLOGIES
367 10.2 HDTV OVER IP DEFINED 369 10.3 AN END-TO-END IP HDTV SYSTEM 370
SUMMARY 380 11 INTERACTIVE IPTV APPLICATIONS 382 11.1 THE EVOLUTION OF
ITV 382 11.2 ABOUT ITV X CONTENTS 11.3 INTERACTIVE IPTV APPLICATIONS 387
11.4 IPTV PROGRAM RELATED INTERACTION APPLICATIONS 417 11.5 DEPLOYING
INTERACTIVE IPTV APPLICATIONS 419 11.6 ACCESSIBILITY TO IPTV SERVICES
420 SUMMARY 420 12 IPTV NETWORK ADMINISTRATION 423 12.1 AN INTRODUCTION
TO IPTV NETWORK ADMINISTRATION 424 12.2 SUPPORTING THE IPTV NETWORKING
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 424 12.3 MANAGING INSTALLATION, SERVICE PROBLEMS, AND
TERMINATIONS 428 NETWORK TESTING AND MONITORING 431 MANAGING REDUNDANCY
AND ENSURING SERVICE AVAILABILITY 434 IP ADDRESS SPACE MANAGEMENT 436
ROUTINE IT AND NETWORK ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS 436 MANAGING IPTV QOS
REQUIREMENTS 437 MONITORING THE IPTV SUBSCRIBER EXPERIENCE 441 REMOTELY
MANAGING IN-HOME DIGITAL CONSUMER DEVICES 469 SCHEDULING AND MANAGING
DELIVERY OF SOFTWARE UPDATES TO IPTVCDS 471 TROUBLESHOOTING IPTV
PROBLEMS 473 IPTV AND BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLANNING 478 SUMMARY 481 12.4
12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 INDEX 483 JOSEPH A.
EICHMEIER MANFRED K. THUMM (EDS.) VACUUM ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS AND
DEVICES WITH 388 FIGURES SPRINGE] CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XV 1
MICROWAVE TUBES 1 G. FAILLON, G. KORNFELD, E. BOSCH, AND M.K. THUMM 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.1 REVIEW OF STATE-OF-THE-ART AND PRESENT
SITUATION 1 1.1.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 1 1.1.3 BASIC OPERATING
PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS 4 1.2 KLYSTRONS 12 1.2.1 KLYSTRON AMPLIFIERS
12 1.2.2 MULTIBEAM KLYSTRONS 20 1.2.3 INDUCTIVE OUTPUT TUBES (IOT) 22
1.3 TRAVELING WAVE TUBE (TWT) 24 1.3.1 INTRODUCTION 24 1.3.2 TWT DESIGN
AND OPERATION PRINCIPLE 25 1.3.3 TWT PHYSICS 29 1.3.4 TWT APPLICATIONS
45 1.4 EXTENDED INTERACTION KLYSTRON EIK 50 1.4.1 INTRODUCTION 50 1.4.2
EXTENDED INTERACTION CIRCUIT DESIGN 50 1.4.3 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE AND
APPLICATIONS 50 1.5 BACKWARD WAVE OSCILLATOR (BWO) 52 1.5.1 INTRODUCTION
52 1.5.2 BWO OPERATION PRINCIPLE 52 1.5.3 BWO APPLICATIONS 54 VIII
CONTENTS 1.6 MAGNETRONS AND CROSS-FIELD AMPLIFIERS 55 1.6.1 MAGNETRONS
55 1.6.2 CROSS-FIELD AMPLIFIERS (CFA) 58 1.6.3 CROSS-FIELD BACKWARD WAVE
OSCILLATOR (MBWO) 60 1.7 FAST-WAVE DEVICES 61 1.7.1 INTERACTION
PRINCIPLES 63 1.7.2 DISPERSION DIAGRAMS OF FAST-WAVE INTERACTIONS 65
1.7.3 GYROTRON OSCILLATOR 70 1.7.4 GYRO-AMPLIFIERS 74 1.7.5 GYRO-BWO 78
1.7.6 FREE-ELECTRON MASER (FEM) 78 1.8 FUTURE TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS 80
REFERENCES 82 2 VACUUM DISPLAYS 85 K. BLANKENBACH, G. GASSLER, ANDH.W.P.
KOOPS 85 2.1 INTRODUCTION 85 2.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 85 2.1.2
OVERVIEW 87 2.1.3 FUNDAMENTALS OF DISPLAYS 89 2.1.4 FUNDAMENTAIS OF
DISPLAY PARAMETERS 93 2.1.5 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES
99 2.2 CATHODERAY TUBES (CRT) 99 2.2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 100 2.2.2
ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTAIS 101 2.2.3 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART 107
2.2.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 111 2.3 PLASMA PANEL DISPLAYS (PDP) 111 2.3.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 112 2.3.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTAIS 112 2.3.3
PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 115 2.3.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 117
2.4 VACUUM FLUORESCENT DISPLAYS (VFD) 117 2.4.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
118 2.4.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTAIS 118 2.4.3 PRESENT
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 119 2.4.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 122 2.5 FIELD
ELECTRON DISPLAYS (FED) 122 2.5.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 122 2.5.2
ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTAIS 122 2.5.3 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND
APPLICATIONS 123 2.5.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 124 REFERENCES 125 CONTENTS IX 3
RADIATION SENSITIVE VACUUM ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND DEVICES 127 J.A.
EICHMEIER 127 3.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 127 3.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL
FUNDAMENTALS 128 3.2.1 PHOTOELECTRON EMISSION 128 3.2.2 SECONDARY
ELECTRON EMISSION 130 3.2.3 ELECTRON OPTICS 131 3.3 PRESENT
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 132 3.3.1 SECONDARY ELECTRON
MULTIPLIERS 132 3.3.2 IMAGE CONVERTERS AND IMAGE AMPLIFIERS 139 3.3.3
TELEVISION CAMERA TUBES 143 3.4 FUTURE ASPECTS OF RADIATION SENSITIVE
VACUUM ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS... 153 REFERENCES 154 4 ELECTRON BEAM
DEVICES FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 155 H. BLUHM, B. HAN, A.G.
CHMIELEWSKI, D. VON DOBENECK, U. GOHS, J. GSTOETTNER, G. MATTAUSCH, H.
MORGNER, H.W.P. KOOPS, A. REICHMANN, O. ROEDER, S.W. SCHULZ, B. WENZEL,
AND O. ZYWITZJD 155 4.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 155 4.1.1 ELECTRON
OPTICS 157 4.1.2 ELECTRON SOURCES 164 4.2 THERMAL MATERIALS PROCESSING
171 4.2.1 WELDING 173 4.2.2 THERMAL SURFACE MODIFICATION 178 4.2.3
HIGH-RATE EVAPORATION BY ELECTRON BEAM GUNS 181 4.2.4 ELECTRON BEAM
MELTING AND REFINING IN VACUUM METALLURGY 184 4.3 NON-THERMAL PROCESSING
TECHNIQUES 189 4.3.1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EFFECTS CAUSED BY ELECTRON BEAMS
189 4.3.2 ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY 191 4.3.3 ELECTRON BEAM-INDUCED
PROCESSING 195 4.3.4 CURING OF ORGANIC COATINGS AND SURFACE LAYERS 198
4.3.5 REFINEMENT OF POLYMER MATERIALS 201 4.3.6 CONTROL OF PATHOGENS 202
4.3.7 FLUE GAS AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT 205 4.4 MATERIALS ANALYSIS,
IMAGING AND TESTING 206 4.4.1 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 206 4.4.2
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 209 4.4.3 ELECTRON BEAM SPECTROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS
218 4.4.4 ELECTRON BEAM TESTING 219 REFERENCES 224 5 ION BEAM DEVICES
FOR MATERIAL PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 231 F. RUEDENAUER, H.W.P. KOOPS, G.
HOBLER, L. PALMETSHOFER, ANDH. BLUHM 231 5.1 ION BEAM ANALYSIS 231 X
CONTENTS 5.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 231 5.1.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL
FUNDAMENTALS 232 5.1.3 ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 232 5.2 ION BEAM MATERIALS
MODIFICATION AND MASK REPAIR 236 5.2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 236 5.2.2
ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 237 5.2.3 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND
APPLICATIONS 238 5.2.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 245 5.3 ION IMPLANTATION 245 5.3.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 245 5.3.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 247 5.3.3
PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 248 5.3.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 253
5.4 HIGH POWER ION BEAMS 253 5.4.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 253 5.4.2
INTRODUCTION 254 5.4.3 ACCELERATOR PHYSICS 254 5.4.4 BEAM TRANSPORT 259
REFERENCES 259 6 ION PROPULSION SYSTEMS 265 H. BASSNER, R. KILLINGER, J.
MITTERAUER, F. RUEDENAUER, N. KOCH, AND G. KORNFELD 265 6.1 ELECTROSTATIC
ION THRUSTERS AND RF-ION THRUSTER RIT 265 6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 265 6.1.2
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RIT 266 6.1.3 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 266
6.1.4 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS OF RIT 267 6.1.5
APPLICATIONS OF RIT THRUSTERS 268 6.1.6 FUTURE ASPECTS 271 6.2 FIELD
EMISSION ELECTRIC PROPULSION (FEEP) 272 6.2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 272
6.2.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 273 6.2.3 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART
AND APPLICATIONS 274 6.2.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 276 6.3 HALL EFFECT THRUSTERS
278 6.3.1 INTRODUCTION 278 6.3.2 OPERATIONAL CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS
279 6.3.3 EXAMPLES FOR HET APPLICATIONS IN SPACE MISSIONS 285 6.4 HIGH
EFFICIENCY MULTISTAGE PLASMA THRUSTER 288 6.4.1 INTRODUCTION 288 6.4.2
DESIGN AND PHYSICAL OPERATION PRINCIPLE 289 6.4.3 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE
293 6.4.4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS 296 REFERENCES
297 CONTENTS XI 7 INFRARED, LIGHT, ULTRAVIOLET, LASER- AND X-RAY-TUBES
30 3 A. ULRICH, M. BORN, H.W.P. KOOPS, H. BLUHM, AND T. JUESTEL 265 7.1
GENERAL PHYSICS OF PHOTON GENERATION 303 7.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
303 7.2 LASER 307 7.2.1 INTRODUCTION 307 7.2.2 SPECIFIC LASER DEVICES
308 7.2.3 ION LASERS 310 7.2.4 EXCIMER LASERS 311 7.2.5 ELECTRON BEAM
PUMPING OF HIGH POWER KRF-LASER 313 7.3 SMITH-PURCELL EFFECT 315 7.3.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 315 7.3.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 315 7.3.3
PRESENT STATE 316 7.3.4 FUTURE ASPECTS FOR THZ SOURCES 317 7.4
MILLIMETRE AND INFRARED LIGHT SOURCES 317 7.4.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
317 7.4.2 GENERATION OF IR RADIATION 318 7.4.3 IR APPLICATIONS 318 7.4.4
GENERATION OF THZ RADIATION 319 7.4.5 THZ APPLICATIONS 319 7.4.6 FURTHER
DEVELOPMENTS 321 7.4.7 DETECTION OF THZ RADIATION 322 7.5 VISIBLE LIGHT
SOURCES 322 7.5.1 HISTORY AND INTRODUCTION 322 7.5.2 INCANDESCENT LAMPS
323 7.5.3 GAS DISCHARGE LAMPS 324 7.5.4 FLUORESCENT COATINGS 326 7.5.5
HIGH-PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMPS 329 7.5.6 GENERAL LIGHT SOURCE SURVEY 334
7.6 ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SOURCES 334 7.6.1 INTRODUCTION 334 7.6.2 THERMAL
TUNGSTEN LAMPS FOR INTENSITY CALIBRATION 335 7.6.3 DEUTERIUM LAMPS 335
7.6.4 UV ARE LAMPS 336 7.6.5 MERCURY LAMPS 337 7.6.6 HOLLOW CATHODE
LAMPS 338 7.6.7 EXCIMER LIGHT SOURCES 338 7.6.8 EXCIMER LAMPS USING
DISCHARGE EXCITAUEON GLOW DISCHARGES 340 7.6.9 EXCIMER LAMPS USING
ELECTRON BEAM EXCITAUEON 342 7.7 X-RAY-TUBES 343 7.7.1 HISTORY AND
GENERATION OF X-RAYS 343 7.7.2 GENERATION OF X-RAYS 343 7.7.3 X-RAY
FILTERS 344 7.7.4 X-RAY DOSIMETRY 345 XII CONTENTS 7.7.5 X-RAY TUBES 346
7.7.6 SYNCHROTRONS 348 7.7.7 X-RAY DETECTION 349 7.7.8 APPLICATIONS 349
7.7.9 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS: MINIATURIZED X-RAY TUBES 350 REFERENCES 350 8
PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 355 M. SEIDELANDK. ZAPFE 355 8.1 HISTORY AND TYPES
OF ACCELERATORS 357 8.1.1 STAUE ACCELERATORS 357 8.1.2 CIRCULAR RESONANT
ACCELERATION 358 8.1.3 LINEAR RESONANT ACCELERATION 361 8.1.4
ACCELERATION BY INDUCTION (BETATRON) 363 8.1.5 PARTICLE SOURCES 364
8.1.6 COLLIDERS 365 8.1.7 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SOURCES 368 8.2
ESSENTIALS OF BEAM DYNAMICS 369 8.2.1 BEAM EMITTANCE AND PHASE SPACE 369
8.2.2 EQUATIONS OF MOTION AND STRENG FOCUSING 372 8.2.3 SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION 376 8.3 VACUUM REQUIREMENTS IN PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 379 8.3.1
BEAM GAS INTERACTION 379 8.3.2 STATIC AND DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF ACCELERATOR
VACUUM SYSTEMS 383 8.4 LAYOUT OF ACCELERATOR VACUUM SYSTEMS 386 8.4.1
PRESSURE PROFILE CALCULATIONS FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS 387 8.4.2
PUMPING 389 8.4.3 INSTRUMENTATION 393 8.4.4 MATERIAL SELECTION AND
DESIGN IMPLICATIONS 394 8.4.5 CLEANING AND TREATMENT OF VACUUM CHAMBERS
397 8.5 SPECIAL TOPICS OF PARTICLE ACCELERATOR VACUUM SYSTEMS 398 8.5.1
ACCELERATORS WITH COLD BORE VACUUM SYSTEMS 398 8.5.2 SYCHROTRON
RADIATION FACILITIES 401 8.5.3 PARTICLE FREE UHV-SYSTEMS 402 REFERENCES
404 9 VACUUM INTERRUPTERS 407 R. RENZ 407 9.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 407
9.2 PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 409 9.2.1 INTERRUPTING CAPABILITY 409 9.2.2
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES 414 9.2.3 CURRENT-ZERO EFFECTS 416 9.2.4
MECHANICAL AND THERMAL ASPECTS 416 CONTENTS XLLL 9.3 PRESENT
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 417 9.3.1 VACUUM INTERRUPTER DESIGN
AND TECHNOLOGY 417 9.3.2 MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 420 9.3.3
MEDIUM VOLTAGE CONTACTORS 421 9.3.4 LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 422
9.3.5 LOW VOLTAGE CONTACTORS 422 9.3.6 HIGH VOLTAGE VACUUM BREAKERS 423
9.3.7 LOAD BREAKERS 423 9.3.8 TRANSFORMER TAP CHANGERS 424 9.3.9 OTHER
APPLICATIONS 425 9.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 426 REFERENCES 427 10 VACUUM
ELECTRON SOURCES AND THEIR MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 429 G. GAERTNER
ANDH.W.P. KOOPS 429 10.1 THERMIOMC VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES 429 10.1.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 429 10.1.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMIONIC EMISSION
431 10.1.3 TYPES OF THERMIONIC CATHODES, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS 435
10.2 NON-THERMIONIC ELECTRON SOURCES 450 10.2.1 HISTORIE DEVELOPMENT 450
10.2.2 FIELD EMISSION ELECTRON CATHODES 451 10.2.3 THERMO-FIELD EMISSION
ELECTRON CATHODES 453 10.2.4 COLD FIELD ELECTRON EMISSION CATHODES 454
10.2.5 NOVEL CATHODE MATERIALS 456 10.2.6 TRENDS OF NOVEL DEVELOPMENTS
457 10.2.7 METAL-INSULATOR-METAL (MIM) EMITTER MATERIALS 459 10.2.8
DIAMOND HOPPING ELECTRON EMITTERS 459 10.2.9 CARBON NANOTUBE EMITTERS
461 10.2.10 OTHER CARBON EMITTERS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 461 10.3
OTHER ELECTRON EMITTERS 463 10.3.1 PN-EMITTERS 463 10.3.2 SECONDARY
EMISSION 466 10.3.3 FERROELECTRIC ELECTRON EMISSION 467 10.3.4
PHOTO-ELECTRON EMISSION 467 10.4 VACUUM ELECTRONIC CONSTRUCTION 470
10.4.1 SPACERS FOR FEA S 470 10.4.2 ANODIC BONDING 470 10.4.3 VACUUM
GENERATION IN ON-CHIP VACUUM ELECTRONIC DEVICES ... 472 10.5 MATERIALS
OF VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES 473 REFERENCES 478 11 VACUUM TECHNOLOGY 483
W. KNAPP 483 11.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 483 11.2 GASES IN VACUUM
SYSTEMS 483 11.2.1 THE FUNDAMENTALS 483 XIV CONTENTS 11.2.2 THE IDEAL
GAS LAW 484 11.2.3 THE PRESSURE RANGES IN VACUUM TECHNOLOGY 485 11.2.4
SURFACE INTERACTIONS AND OUTGASSING 487 11.3 VACUUM PUMPS 487 11.3.1
INTRODUCTION 487 11.3.2 PUMPS FOR ROUGH AND MEDIUM VACUUM 488 11.3.3
PUMPS FOR HIGH VACUUM (HV) AND ULTRAHIGH VACUUM (UHV) .. 490 11.3.4 PUMP
SELECTION 497 11.4 VACUUM PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 497 11.4.1 INTRODUCTION
497 11.4.2 TOTAL PRESSURE GAUGES 498 11.4.3 PARTIAL PRESSURE GAUGES 506
11.5 VACUUM MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 508 11.5.1 MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR
VACUUM APPLICATIONS 508 11.5.2 COMPONENT STANDARDS AND CONSTRUCTIONS 511
11.5.3 CLEANING PROCEDURES 512 11.6 LEAK AND LEAK DETECTION 514 11.6.1
INTRODUCTION 514 11.6.2 LEAK TESTING METHODS 514 11.6.3 HELIUM LEAK
DETECTORS 515 11.6.4 LEAK TESTING OF VACUUM MICROELECTRONIC DEVICES 517
11.7 EXAMPLES OF VACUUM SYSTEMS 517 11.7.1 UHV SYSTEM FOR FIELD EMISSION
CHARACTERISATION 517 REFERENCES 519 INDEX 521
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| adam_txt |
NEXT GENERATION IPTV SERVICES AND TECHNOLOGIES GERARD O'DRISCOLL
BICENTENNIAL BICENTENNIAL WILEY-INTERSCIENCE A JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC.,
PUBLICATION CONTENTS PREFACE XI ORGANIZATIONAL AND TOPICAL COVERAGE XII
WHO SHOULD READ THIS BOOK XIII ACKNOWLEDGMENTS XIV ABOUT THE AUTHOR XVII
1 IPTV: THE ULTIMATE VIEWING EXPERIENCE 1 1.1 DEFINING IPTV 2 1.2
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN IPTV AND INTERNET TV 3 1.3 OVERVIEW OF AN IPTV
NETWORKING INFRASTRUCTURE 4 1.4 KEY IPTV APPLICATIONS AND SERVICES 6 1.5
GROWTH DRIVERS FOR IPTV 10 1.6 MARKET DATA 12 1.7 INDUSTRY INITIATIVES
TO STANDARDIZE IPTV 13 SUMMARY 18 2 IPTV NETWORK DISTRIBUTION
TECHNOLOGIES 20 2.1 "LAST MILE" BROADBAND DISTRIBUTION NETWORK TYPES 21
2.2 IPTV OVER A FIBER ACCESS NETWORK 21 2.3 IPTV OVER AN ADSL NETWORK 26
2.4 IPTV OVER NEXT GENERATION CABLE TV NETWORKS 32 2.5 IPTV OVER
WIRELESS NETWORKS 48 2.6 IPTV OVER THE INTERNET 53 2.7 IPTV BACKBONE
TECHNOLOGIES 56 VIII CONTENTS 2.8 NETWORK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH
DEPLOYING IPTV 60 SUMMARY 62 3 IPTV REAL-TIME ENCODING AND
TRANSPORTATION 64 3.1 INTRODUCTION TO REAL-TIME ENCODING 64 3.2
COMPRESSION METHODS 66 3.3 PACKETIZING AND ENCAPSULATING VIDEO CONTENT
81 SUMMARY 116 4 BROADCASTING LINEAR PROGRAMMING OVER IPTV 118 4.1
UNDERLYING VIDEO COMPONENTS OF AN END-TO-END IPTV SYSTEM 119 4.2
DIFFERENT APPROACHES TO STREAMING IPTV CONTENT 124 4.3 MULTICASTING
ACROSS AN IPTV NETWORK 129 4.4 IPTV MULTICASTING NETWORKING ARCHITECTURE
130 4.5 MULTICASTING IPTV CONTENT ACROSS IPV6 NETWORKS 155 4.6
INTRODUCTION TO CHANNEL CHANGING 158 4.7 FUNDAMENTALS OF CHANNEL
CHANGING 163 4.8 TECHNIQUES FOR SPEEDING UP IPTV CHANNEL CHANGING TIMES
166 4.9 DISCOVERING CHANNEL PROGRAM INFORMATION 169 4.10 TIME-SHIFTING
MULTICAST IPTV 172 4.11 CHANNEL-CHANGING INDUSTRY INITIATIVES 173
SUMMARY 173 5 IPTV CONSUMER DEVICES (IPTVCDS) 175 5.1 ABOUT RESIDENTIAL
GATEWAYS 175 5.2 RG TECHNOLOGY ARCHITECTURE 177 5.3 RG FUNCTIONALITY 178
5.4 RG INDUSTRY STANDARDS 184 5.5 INTRODUCTION TO DIGITAL SET-TOP BOXES
193 5.6 THE EVOLUTION OF DIGITAL SET-TOP BOXES 195 5.7 CATEGORIES OF
DIGITAL SET-TOP BOXES 197 5.8 MAJOR TECHNOLOGICAL TRENDS FOR DIGITAL
SET-TOP BOXES 197 5.9 IP SET-TOP BOXES DEFINED 200 5.10 TYPES OF IP
SET-TOP BOXES 201 5.11 OTHER EMERGING IPTV CONSUMER DEVICES 223 SUMMARY
224 6 IPTVCD SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE 229 6.1 WHAT MAKES AN IPTVCD TICK?
229 6.2 INTERACTIVE TV MIDDLEWARE STANDARDS 232 6.3 PROPRIETARY
MIDDLEWARE SOLUTIONS 247 SUMMARY 247 IX 7 IPTV CONDITIONAL ACCESS AND
DRM SYSTEMS 249 7.1 INTRODUCTION TO IPTV SECURITY 249 7.2 DEFINING IPTV
CA SECURITY SYSTEMS 250 7.3 CA INDUSTRY INITIATIVES 263 7.4 INTRODUCTION
TO NEXT GENERATION DRM SOLUTIONS 265 7.5 IPTV INTRANET PROTECTION 282
SUMMARY 283 8 MOVING IPTV AROUND THE HOUSE 285 8.1 ABOUT WHOLE HOME
MEDIA NETWORKING (WHMN) 286 8.2 WHMN ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 287 8.3 FAST
ETHERNET AND GIGABIT ETHERNET (GIGE) 288 8.4 802.1 IN 294 8.5 HOMEPLUG
AV 298 8.6 UPA-DHS 305 8.7 HOMEPNA*3.1 307 8.8 MULTIMEDIA OVER COAX
ALLIANCE (MOCA*) 311 8.9 WHMN MIDDLEWARE SOFTWARE STANDARDS 314 8.10 QOS
AND WHMN APPLICATIONS 328 SUMMARY 329 9 VIDEO-ON-DEMAND (VOD) OVER IP
DELIVERY NETWORKS 332 9.1 HISTORY OF PAY-PER-VIEW 332 9.2 UNDERSTANDING
PPV 333 9.3 THE EMERGENCE OF RF AND IP BASED VOD 334 9.4 TYPES OF IP-VOD
SERVICES 335 9.5 UNDERLYING BUILDING BLOCKS OF AN END-TO-END IP-VOD
INFRASTRUCTURE 340 9.6 INTEGRATING IP-VOD APPLICATIONS WITH OTHER IP
BASED SERVICES 358 9.7 PROTECTING IP-VOD CONTENT 364 SUMMARY 365 10 IP
BASED HIGH DEFINITION TV 367 10.1 OVERVIEW OF SDTV AND HDTV TECHNOLOGIES
367 10.2 HDTV OVER IP DEFINED 369 10.3 AN END-TO-END IP HDTV SYSTEM 370
SUMMARY 380 11 INTERACTIVE IPTV APPLICATIONS 382 11.1 THE EVOLUTION OF
ITV 382 11.2 ABOUT ITV X CONTENTS 11.3 INTERACTIVE IPTV APPLICATIONS 387
11.4 IPTV PROGRAM RELATED INTERACTION APPLICATIONS 417 11.5 DEPLOYING
INTERACTIVE IPTV APPLICATIONS 419 11.6 ACCESSIBILITY TO IPTV SERVICES
420 SUMMARY 420 12 IPTV NETWORK ADMINISTRATION 423 12.1 AN INTRODUCTION
TO IPTV NETWORK ADMINISTRATION 424 12.2 SUPPORTING THE IPTV NETWORKING
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 424 12.3 MANAGING INSTALLATION, SERVICE PROBLEMS, AND
TERMINATIONS 428 NETWORK TESTING AND MONITORING 431 MANAGING REDUNDANCY
AND ENSURING SERVICE AVAILABILITY 434 IP ADDRESS SPACE MANAGEMENT 436
ROUTINE IT AND NETWORK ADMINISTRATIVE TASKS 436 MANAGING IPTV QOS
REQUIREMENTS 437 MONITORING THE IPTV SUBSCRIBER EXPERIENCE 441 REMOTELY
MANAGING IN-HOME DIGITAL CONSUMER DEVICES 469 SCHEDULING AND MANAGING
DELIVERY OF SOFTWARE UPDATES TO IPTVCDS 471 TROUBLESHOOTING IPTV
PROBLEMS 473 IPTV AND BUSINESS CONTINUITY PLANNING 478 SUMMARY 481 12.4
12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.10 12.11 12.12 12.13 INDEX 483 JOSEPH A.
EICHMEIER MANFRED K. THUMM (EDS.) VACUUM ELECTRONICS COMPONENTS AND
DEVICES WITH 388 FIGURES SPRINGE] CONTENTS LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XV 1
MICROWAVE TUBES 1 G. FAILLON, G. KORNFELD, E. BOSCH, AND M.K. THUMM 1
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1.1 REVIEW OF STATE-OF-THE-ART AND PRESENT
SITUATION 1 1.1.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 1 1.1.3 BASIC OPERATING
PRINCIPLES AND DEFINITIONS 4 1.2 KLYSTRONS 12 1.2.1 KLYSTRON AMPLIFIERS
12 1.2.2 MULTIBEAM KLYSTRONS 20 1.2.3 INDUCTIVE OUTPUT TUBES (IOT) 22
1.3 TRAVELING WAVE TUBE (TWT) 24 1.3.1 INTRODUCTION 24 1.3.2 TWT DESIGN
AND OPERATION PRINCIPLE 25 1.3.3 TWT PHYSICS 29 1.3.4 TWT APPLICATIONS
45 1.4 EXTENDED INTERACTION KLYSTRON EIK 50 1.4.1 INTRODUCTION 50 1.4.2
EXTENDED INTERACTION CIRCUIT DESIGN 50 1.4.3 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE AND
APPLICATIONS 50 1.5 BACKWARD WAVE OSCILLATOR (BWO) 52 1.5.1 INTRODUCTION
52 1.5.2 BWO OPERATION PRINCIPLE 52 1.5.3 BWO APPLICATIONS 54 VIII
CONTENTS 1.6 MAGNETRONS AND CROSS-FIELD AMPLIFIERS 55 1.6.1 MAGNETRONS
55 1.6.2 CROSS-FIELD AMPLIFIERS (CFA) 58 1.6.3 CROSS-FIELD BACKWARD WAVE
OSCILLATOR (MBWO) 60 1.7 FAST-WAVE DEVICES 61 1.7.1 INTERACTION
PRINCIPLES 63 1.7.2 DISPERSION DIAGRAMS OF FAST-WAVE INTERACTIONS 65
1.7.3 GYROTRON OSCILLATOR 70 1.7.4 GYRO-AMPLIFIERS 74 1.7.5 GYRO-BWO 78
1.7.6 FREE-ELECTRON MASER (FEM) 78 1.8 FUTURE TRENDS AND APPLICATIONS 80
REFERENCES 82 2 VACUUM DISPLAYS 85 K. BLANKENBACH, G. GASSLER, ANDH.W.P.
KOOPS 85 2.1 INTRODUCTION 85 2.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 85 2.1.2
OVERVIEW 87 2.1.3 FUNDAMENTALS OF DISPLAYS 89 2.1.4 FUNDAMENTAIS OF
DISPLAY PARAMETERS 93 2.1.5 COMPARISON OF VARIOUS DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES
99 2.2 CATHODERAY TUBES (CRT) 99 2.2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 100 2.2.2
ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTAIS 101 2.2.3 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART 107
2.2.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 111 2.3 PLASMA PANEL DISPLAYS (PDP) 111 2.3.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 112 2.3.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTAIS 112 2.3.3
PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 115 2.3.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 117
2.4 VACUUM FLUORESCENT DISPLAYS (VFD) 117 2.4.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
118 2.4.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTAIS 118 2.4.3 PRESENT
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 119 2.4.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 122 2.5 FIELD
ELECTRON DISPLAYS (FED) 122 2.5.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 122 2.5.2
ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTAIS 122 2.5.3 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND
APPLICATIONS 123 2.5.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 124 REFERENCES 125 CONTENTS IX 3
RADIATION SENSITIVE VACUUM ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS AND DEVICES 127 J.A.
EICHMEIER 127 3.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 127 3.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL
FUNDAMENTALS 128 3.2.1 PHOTOELECTRON EMISSION 128 3.2.2 SECONDARY
ELECTRON EMISSION 130 3.2.3 ELECTRON OPTICS 131 3.3 PRESENT
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 132 3.3.1 SECONDARY ELECTRON
MULTIPLIERS 132 3.3.2 IMAGE CONVERTERS AND IMAGE AMPLIFIERS 139 3.3.3
TELEVISION CAMERA TUBES 143 3.4 FUTURE ASPECTS OF RADIATION SENSITIVE
VACUUM ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS. 153 REFERENCES 154 4 ELECTRON BEAM
DEVICES FOR MATERIALS PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 155 H. BLUHM, B. HAN, A.G.
CHMIELEWSKI, D. VON DOBENECK, U. GOHS, J. GSTOETTNER, G. MATTAUSCH, H.
MORGNER, H.W.P. KOOPS, A. REICHMANN, O. ROEDER, S.W. SCHULZ, B. WENZEL,
AND O. ZYWITZJD 155 4.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 155 4.1.1 ELECTRON
OPTICS 157 4.1.2 ELECTRON SOURCES 164 4.2 THERMAL MATERIALS PROCESSING
171 4.2.1 WELDING 173 4.2.2 THERMAL SURFACE MODIFICATION 178 4.2.3
HIGH-RATE EVAPORATION BY ELECTRON BEAM GUNS 181 4.2.4 ELECTRON BEAM
MELTING AND REFINING IN VACUUM METALLURGY 184 4.3 NON-THERMAL PROCESSING
TECHNIQUES 189 4.3.1 SURVEY OF CHEMICAL EFFECTS CAUSED BY ELECTRON BEAMS
189 4.3.2 ELECTRON-BEAM LITHOGRAPHY 191 4.3.3 ELECTRON BEAM-INDUCED
PROCESSING 195 4.3.4 CURING OF ORGANIC COATINGS AND SURFACE LAYERS 198
4.3.5 REFINEMENT OF POLYMER MATERIALS 201 4.3.6 CONTROL OF PATHOGENS 202
4.3.7 FLUE GAS AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT 205 4.4 MATERIALS ANALYSIS,
IMAGING AND TESTING 206 4.4.1 SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 206 4.4.2
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 209 4.4.3 ELECTRON BEAM SPECTROSCOPY AND ANALYSIS
218 4.4.4 ELECTRON BEAM TESTING 219 REFERENCES 224 5 ION BEAM DEVICES
FOR MATERIAL PROCESSING AND ANALYSIS 231 F. RUEDENAUER, H.W.P. KOOPS, G.
HOBLER, L. PALMETSHOFER, ANDH. BLUHM 231 5.1 ION BEAM ANALYSIS 231 X
CONTENTS 5.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 231 5.1.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL
FUNDAMENTALS 232 5.1.3 ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES 232 5.2 ION BEAM MATERIALS
MODIFICATION AND MASK REPAIR 236 5.2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 236 5.2.2
ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 237 5.2.3 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND
APPLICATIONS 238 5.2.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 245 5.3 ION IMPLANTATION 245 5.3.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 245 5.3.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 247 5.3.3
PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 248 5.3.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 253
5.4 HIGH POWER ION BEAMS 253 5.4.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 253 5.4.2
INTRODUCTION 254 5.4.3 ACCELERATOR PHYSICS 254 5.4.4 BEAM TRANSPORT 259
REFERENCES 259 6 ION PROPULSION SYSTEMS 265 H. BASSNER, R. KILLINGER, J.
MITTERAUER, F. RUEDENAUER, N. KOCH, AND G. KORNFELD 265 6.1 ELECTROSTATIC
ION THRUSTERS AND RF-ION THRUSTER RIT 265 6.1.1 INTRODUCTION 265 6.1.2
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF RIT 266 6.1.3 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 266
6.1.4 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS OF RIT 267 6.1.5
APPLICATIONS OF RIT THRUSTERS 268 6.1.6 FUTURE ASPECTS 271 6.2 FIELD
EMISSION ELECTRIC PROPULSION (FEEP) 272 6.2.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 272
6.2.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 273 6.2.3 PRESENT STATE-OF-THE-ART
AND APPLICATIONS 274 6.2.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 276 6.3 HALL EFFECT THRUSTERS
278 6.3.1 INTRODUCTION 278 6.3.2 OPERATIONAL CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS
279 6.3.3 EXAMPLES FOR HET APPLICATIONS IN SPACE MISSIONS 285 6.4 HIGH
EFFICIENCY MULTISTAGE PLASMA THRUSTER 288 6.4.1 INTRODUCTION 288 6.4.2
DESIGN AND PHYSICAL OPERATION PRINCIPLE 289 6.4.3 DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE
293 6.4.4 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS AND POTENTIAL APPLICATIONS 296 REFERENCES
297 CONTENTS XI 7 INFRARED, LIGHT, ULTRAVIOLET, LASER- AND X-RAY-TUBES
30 3 A. ULRICH, M. BORN, H.W.P. KOOPS, H. BLUHM, AND T. JUESTEL 265 7.1
GENERAL PHYSICS OF PHOTON GENERATION 303 7.1.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
303 7.2 LASER 307 7.2.1 INTRODUCTION 307 7.2.2 SPECIFIC LASER DEVICES \
308 7.2.3 ION LASERS 310 7.2.4 EXCIMER LASERS 311 7.2.5 ELECTRON BEAM
PUMPING OF HIGH POWER KRF-LASER 313 7.3 SMITH-PURCELL EFFECT 315 7.3.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 315 7.3.2 ELECTROPHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 315 7.3.3
PRESENT STATE 316 7.3.4 FUTURE ASPECTS FOR THZ SOURCES 317 7.4
MILLIMETRE AND INFRARED LIGHT SOURCES 317 7.4.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
317 7.4.2 GENERATION OF IR RADIATION 318 7.4.3 IR APPLICATIONS 318 7.4.4
GENERATION OF THZ RADIATION 319 7.4.5 THZ APPLICATIONS 319 7.4.6 FURTHER
DEVELOPMENTS 321 7.4.7 DETECTION OF THZ RADIATION 322 7.5 VISIBLE LIGHT
SOURCES 322 7.5.1 HISTORY AND INTRODUCTION 322 7.5.2 INCANDESCENT LAMPS
323 7.5.3 GAS DISCHARGE LAMPS 324 7.5.4 FLUORESCENT COATINGS 326 7.5.5
HIGH-PRESSURE DISCHARGE LAMPS 329 7.5.6 GENERAL LIGHT SOURCE SURVEY 334
7.6 ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SOURCES 334 7.6.1 INTRODUCTION 334 7.6.2 THERMAL
TUNGSTEN LAMPS FOR INTENSITY CALIBRATION 335 7.6.3 DEUTERIUM LAMPS 335
7.6.4 UV ARE LAMPS 336 7.6.5 MERCURY LAMPS 337 7.6.6 HOLLOW CATHODE
LAMPS 338 7.6.7 EXCIMER LIGHT SOURCES 338 7.6.8 EXCIMER LAMPS USING
DISCHARGE EXCITAUEON GLOW DISCHARGES 340 7.6.9 EXCIMER LAMPS USING
ELECTRON BEAM EXCITAUEON 342 7.7 X-RAY-TUBES 343 7.7.1 HISTORY AND
GENERATION OF X-RAYS 343 7.7.2 GENERATION OF X-RAYS 343 7.7.3 X-RAY
FILTERS 344 7.7.4 X-RAY DOSIMETRY 345 XII CONTENTS 7.7.5 X-RAY TUBES 346
7.7.6 SYNCHROTRONS 348 7.7.7 X-RAY DETECTION 349 7.7.8 APPLICATIONS 349
7.7.9 FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS: MINIATURIZED X-RAY TUBES 350 REFERENCES 350 8
PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 355 M. SEIDELANDK. ZAPFE 355 8.1 HISTORY AND TYPES
OF ACCELERATORS 357 8.1.1 STAUE ACCELERATORS 357 8.1.2 CIRCULAR RESONANT
ACCELERATION 358 8.1.3 LINEAR RESONANT ACCELERATION 361 8.1.4
ACCELERATION BY INDUCTION (BETATRON) 363 8.1.5 PARTICLE SOURCES 364
8.1.6 COLLIDERS 365 8.1.7 SYNCHROTRON RADIATION SOURCES 368 8.2
ESSENTIALS OF BEAM DYNAMICS 369 8.2.1 BEAM EMITTANCE AND PHASE SPACE 369
8.2.2 EQUATIONS OF MOTION AND STRENG FOCUSING 372 8.2.3 SYNCHROTRON
RADIATION 376 8.3 VACUUM REQUIREMENTS IN PARTICLE ACCELERATORS 379 8.3.1
BEAM GAS INTERACTION 379 8.3.2 STATIC AND DYNAMIC ASPECTS OF ACCELERATOR
VACUUM SYSTEMS 383 8.4 LAYOUT OF ACCELERATOR VACUUM SYSTEMS 386 8.4.1
PRESSURE PROFILE CALCULATIONS FOR ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS 387 8.4.2
PUMPING 389 8.4.3 INSTRUMENTATION 393 8.4.4 MATERIAL SELECTION AND
DESIGN IMPLICATIONS 394 8.4.5 CLEANING AND TREATMENT OF VACUUM CHAMBERS
397 8.5 SPECIAL TOPICS OF PARTICLE ACCELERATOR VACUUM SYSTEMS 398 8.5.1
ACCELERATORS WITH COLD BORE VACUUM SYSTEMS 398 8.5.2 SYCHROTRON
RADIATION FACILITIES 401 8.5.3 PARTICLE FREE UHV-SYSTEMS 402 REFERENCES
404 9 VACUUM INTERRUPTERS 407 R. RENZ 407 9.1 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 407
9.2 PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS 409 9.2.1 INTERRUPTING CAPABILITY 409 9.2.2
DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES 414 9.2.3 CURRENT-ZERO EFFECTS 416 9.2.4
MECHANICAL AND THERMAL ASPECTS 416 CONTENTS XLLL 9.3 PRESENT
STATE-OF-THE-ART AND APPLICATIONS 417 9.3.1 VACUUM INTERRUPTER DESIGN
AND TECHNOLOGY 417 9.3.2 MEDIUM VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 420 9.3.3
MEDIUM VOLTAGE CONTACTORS 421 9.3.4 LOW VOLTAGE CIRCUIT BREAKERS 422
9.3.5 LOW VOLTAGE CONTACTORS 422 9.3.6 HIGH VOLTAGE VACUUM BREAKERS 423
9.3.7 LOAD BREAKERS 423 9.3.8 TRANSFORMER TAP CHANGERS 424 9.3.9 OTHER
APPLICATIONS 425 9.4 FUTURE ASPECTS 426 REFERENCES 427 10 VACUUM
ELECTRON SOURCES AND THEIR MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES 429 G. GAERTNER
ANDH.W.P. KOOPS 429 10.1 THERMIOMC VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES 429 10.1.1
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT 429 10.1.2 FUNDAMENTALS OF THERMIONIC EMISSION
431 10.1.3 TYPES OF THERMIONIC CATHODES, PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS 435
10.2 NON-THERMIONIC ELECTRON SOURCES 450 10.2.1 HISTORIE DEVELOPMENT 450
10.2.2 FIELD EMISSION ELECTRON CATHODES 451 10.2.3 THERMO-FIELD EMISSION
ELECTRON CATHODES 453 10.2.4 COLD FIELD ELECTRON EMISSION CATHODES 454
10.2.5 NOVEL CATHODE MATERIALS 456 10.2.6 TRENDS OF NOVEL DEVELOPMENTS
457 10.2.7 METAL-INSULATOR-METAL (MIM) EMITTER MATERIALS 459 10.2.8
DIAMOND HOPPING ELECTRON EMITTERS 459 10.2.9 CARBON NANOTUBE EMITTERS
461 10.2.10 OTHER CARBON EMITTERS AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 461 10.3
OTHER ELECTRON EMITTERS 463 10.3.1 PN-EMITTERS 463 10.3.2 SECONDARY
EMISSION 466 10.3.3 FERROELECTRIC ELECTRON EMISSION 467 10.3.4
PHOTO-ELECTRON EMISSION 467 10.4 VACUUM ELECTRONIC CONSTRUCTION 470
10.4.1 SPACERS FOR FEA'S 470 10.4.2 ANODIC BONDING 470 10.4.3 VACUUM
GENERATION IN ON-CHIP VACUUM ELECTRONIC DEVICES . 472 10.5 MATERIALS
OF VACUUM ELECTRON SOURCES 473 REFERENCES 478 11 VACUUM TECHNOLOGY 483
W. KNAPP 483 11.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 483 11.2 GASES IN VACUUM
SYSTEMS 483 11.2.1 THE FUNDAMENTALS 483 XIV CONTENTS 11.2.2 THE IDEAL
GAS LAW 484 11.2.3 THE PRESSURE RANGES IN VACUUM TECHNOLOGY 485 11.2.4
SURFACE INTERACTIONS AND OUTGASSING 487 11.3 VACUUM PUMPS 487 11.3.1
INTRODUCTION 487 11.3.2 PUMPS FOR ROUGH AND MEDIUM VACUUM 488 11.3.3
PUMPS FOR HIGH VACUUM (HV) AND ULTRAHIGH VACUUM (UHV) . 490 11.3.4 PUMP
SELECTION 497 11.4 VACUUM PRESSURE MEASUREMENT 497 11.4.1 INTRODUCTION
497 11.4.2 TOTAL PRESSURE GAUGES 498 11.4.3 PARTIAL PRESSURE GAUGES 506
11.5 VACUUM MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS 508 11.5.1 MATERIAL PROPERTIES FOR
VACUUM APPLICATIONS 508 11.5.2 COMPONENT STANDARDS AND CONSTRUCTIONS 511
11.5.3 CLEANING PROCEDURES 512 11.6 LEAK AND LEAK DETECTION 514 11.6.1
INTRODUCTION 514 11.6.2 LEAK TESTING METHODS 514 11.6.3 HELIUM LEAK
DETECTORS 515 11.6.4 LEAK TESTING OF VACUUM MICROELECTRONIC DEVICES 517
11.7 EXAMPLES OF VACUUM SYSTEMS 517 11.7.1 UHV SYSTEM FOR FIELD EMISSION
CHARACTERISATION 517 REFERENCES 519 INDEX 521 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | O'Driscoll, Gerard |
| author_facet | O'Driscoll, Gerard |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | O'Driscoll, Gerard |
| author_variant | g o go |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023241205 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TK5105 |
| callnumber-raw | TK5105.887 |
| callnumber-search | TK5105.887 |
| callnumber-sort | TK 45105.887 |
| callnumber-subject | TK - Electrical and Nuclear Engineering |
| classification_rvk | AP 38060 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)845142717 (DE-599)GBV537760466 |
| dewey-full | 621.388 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 621 - Applied physics |
| dewey-raw | 621.388 |
| dewey-search | 621.388 |
| dewey-sort | 3621.388 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Allgemeines Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| discipline_str_mv | Allgemeines Elektrotechnik / Elektronik / Nachrichtentechnik |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4173536-5 Patentschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Patentschrift |
| id | DE-604.BV023241205 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:23:48Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:13:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470163726 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016426750 |
| oclc_num | 845142717 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-522 |
| owner_facet | DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-522 |
| physical | XVII, 490 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | O'Driscoll, Gerard Verfasser aut Next generation IPTV services and technologies Gerard O'Driscoll Hoboken, N.J Wiley 2008 XVII, 490 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Internet larpcal Televisão (engenharia elétrica) larpcal Télévision haute définition ram Télévision numérique ram Télévision par Internet ram Internet television Internet-TV (DE-588)7608126-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4173536-5 Patentschrift gnd-content Internet-TV (DE-588)7608126-6 s DE-604 GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016426750&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | O'Driscoll, Gerard Next generation IPTV services and technologies Internet larpcal Televisão (engenharia elétrica) larpcal Télévision haute définition ram Télévision numérique ram Télévision par Internet ram Internet television Internet-TV (DE-588)7608126-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7608126-6 (DE-588)4173536-5 |
| title | Next generation IPTV services and technologies |
| title_auth | Next generation IPTV services and technologies |
| title_exact_search | Next generation IPTV services and technologies |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Next generation IPTV services and technologies |
| title_full | Next generation IPTV services and technologies Gerard O'Driscoll |
| title_fullStr | Next generation IPTV services and technologies Gerard O'Driscoll |
| title_full_unstemmed | Next generation IPTV services and technologies Gerard O'Driscoll |
| title_short | Next generation IPTV services and technologies |
| title_sort | next generation iptv services and technologies |
| topic | Internet larpcal Televisão (engenharia elétrica) larpcal Télévision haute définition ram Télévision numérique ram Télévision par Internet ram Internet television Internet-TV (DE-588)7608126-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Internet Televisão (engenharia elétrica) Télévision haute définition Télévision numérique Télévision par Internet Internet television Internet-TV Patentschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016426750&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT odriscollgerard nextgenerationiptvservicesandtechnologies |