Verfügbarkeit: Legislative drafting

Legislative drafting:

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	English
Veröffentlicht:	Haywards Heath Tottel Publ. 2008
Ausgabe:	4 ed., reprinted
Schlagworte:	Gesetzgebungslehre Angelsächsisches Recht Großbritannien
Online-Zugang:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Beschreibung:	XXXI, 447 S.

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	Contents Preface v Table of legislation xix Table of cases xxv Chapter 1 Words 1 Introduction 1 What is language? 3 Words 5 The meaning of words б Vagueness of words 7 Ambiguity of words 11 Instability of words 12 Chapter 2 Syntax 14 Introduction 14 Traditional grammar 14 The significance of syntax 15 The legislative sentence 16 Subject-predicate relationship 16 Elements of the sentence 17 Diagram forms 20 Coode s analysis 21 Sentence problems 22 Problems with modifiers 22 1 ADJECTIVES 23 2 ADVERBS 24 3 PARTICIPLES 25 4 PHRASES 26 5 causes 27 vu viii Contents Incomplete and fused sentences 29 INCOMPLETE SENTENCES 29 COMMA SPLICES AND FUSED SENTENCES 29 FAULTY REFERENCE OF PRONOUNS 30 Subject-verb disagreement 32 Problems with negatives З З Punctuation 34 Four general rules 34 The comma 36 1 SEPARATING COMMAS 36 2 ENCLOSING COMMAS 38 3 UNDESIRABLE COMMAS 39 The semi-colon 40 The colon and the dash 42 The full stop 42 Parentheses 43 The apostrophe 44 The hyphen 45 Chapter 3 Style 46 Style and the purposes of legislation 46 Purposes of legislation 47 Communication of legislation 47 Style should help communication 48 Traditional legislative style — is it really a problem? 49 Are short simple Acts die answer? 50 The pursuit of clarity 52 Simplicity and precision — a tension and a balance 52 Beware the allure of abstract words 53 Sign-posts along the way to clarity 53 The pursuit of clarity — general rules 5 3 The pursuit of clarity — rules for drafting sentences 54 The pursuit of clarity — word choice 54 General rules — comment 54 Rules for drafting sentences — comment 56 Rules concerning word choice — comment 66 Six rules instead of twenty-nine 74 Style and gender 74 Unisex grammar 75 Avoid demeaning or patronising language 76 Avoid man words 76 Chapter 4 Specific matters of style 78 Sections 78 The proviso 79 Contents ix Numbering, lettering and indentation practice 81 Miscellaneous stylistic matters 83 References to dates 84 References to numbers 84 References to legislation 85 Spelling 86 Capitals 87 Symbols and abbreviations 89 Chapter 5 Miscellaneous words and expressions 91 Words and expressions to avoid 91 above — below 91 aforesaid — above mentioned — afore mentioned — before mentioned 92 following — foregoing — preceding — succeeding 92 hereby — thereby 93 herein — hereinafter — hereinbefore — hereto — herewith — hitherto — heretofore 93 It shall be the duty of 94 It shall be lawful for — it shall not be lawful for 94 It is hereby declared mat 94 the provisions of 94 provided that — provided 95 whatsoever — wheresoever — whosoever — whomsoever 95 Words and expressions to use carefully 95 and — or — nor — and/or 95 any — all — each — every 97 as to 98 comprise 98 deem 99 less than—more than; not exceeding—exceeding 100 above — below; over — under 100 as the case may be 100 if any 100 none 101 notwithstanding — subject to 101 Other — otherwise 103 Shall — may — must 103 Oral—verbal 105 Practical — practicable 105 Same 105 Save 105 Such 106 That — which 106 Whether 107 Unless — except 107 While 107 Expressions of time 107 General 107 Existing 109 Contents Before — after — from 110 Forthwith — as soon as possible — immediately — without delay — without unreasonable delay — as soon as may be — without undue delay 110 Between — and 111 By, until, till 111 At least 111 Clear 111 Chapter 6 Interpretation Acts 112 Introduction 112 Application of interpretation legislation 114 Definitions of words and expressions 114 Provisions regarding construction of legislation 117 Powers and duties 120 Tune 122 Chapter 7 The drafting process: Part 1 124 Introduction 124 The role of a legislative drafter 125 When should drafters become involved in legislative proposals ? 126 The role of instructing officers 126 Basic equipment 127 The five stages of the drafting process 128 Stage 1— Understanding 128 1 DRAFTING INSTRUCTIONS 129 2 CONSULTATION 132 Stage 2— Analysis 133 1 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS AND EXISTING LAW 133 2 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS AND SPECIAL RESPONSIBILITY AREAS 134 3 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS AND PRACTICALITY 137 Stage 3— Design 138 The design of legislation not directly amending in character 139 the design of amending legislation 141 Chapter 8 The drafting process: Part 2 143 Stage 4— Composition and development 143 THE COMPOSITION PROCESS 143 THE USE OF DEFINITIONS 144 THE USE OF PURPOSE PROVISIONS 154 Contents xi THE USE OF SUPPLEMENTARY AIDS 158 THE USE OF PRECEDENTS 166 REFERENTIAL LEGISLATION 168 Stage 5— Scrutiny and testing 173 Chapter 9 Formalities and arrangement 175 Introduction 175 Format 176 Arrangement in parts 177 Practice 177 Purposes of arrangement in Parts 178 1 Clarity of presentation 178 2 Ease of reference 178 Criteria for arrangement in Parts 179 Dangers arising from arrangements in Parts 181 Subdivision of Parts 182 Headings (other than section headings or marginal notes) 183 Practice 183 Construction 184 Illustrations 184 Section headings also known as marginal notes 185 Practice 185 Construction 187 Usage 187 Table of contents 188 Recommended order of arrangement 190 Chapter 10 Preliminary provisions 193 Long tide 193 Function 193 Practice 194 .AMENDING BILLS 195 CONSOLIDATING BILLS 196 Preamble 196 Construction 196 Function 197 Practice 198 Enacting formula 199 Short title 200 Function 200 Practice 201 Citation by means of short title 203 Commencement 204 . . ^nc Where the legislation makes no specific commencement provision 205 xii Contents Where the legislation specifies a commencement date 205 Where some person is empowered to specify a commencement date 206 Where the Act is to commence upon the occurrence of a stipulated event 206 Multiple commencement dates 207 Conditional commencement date 207 Alternative commencement dates 207 Automatic commencement when commencement provision fails 207 Application 208 Application to circumstances existing at commencement 208 TAXATION EXAMPLES 209 STATUTORY CHARGES 209 STATUTORY BENEFITS 209 PRIVILEGES 210 REMEDIES AND OBLIGATIONS 210 Territorial application 210 Extra-territorial application 211 Application to specific persons and things 211 Application to Crown or to Government 213 Duration 215 Expiry 215 Sunset and review provisions 216 Chapter 11 Powers and duties 218 Introduction 218 Drafting statutory powers 219 Necessity for power 219 Statement of power 220 Who should be given the power? 220 Exercise of the power 221 Correction of clerical or technical errors 222 Provision for review or appeal 222 Transfer and revocation of statutory functions 224 Transfer of functions 224 Revocation 225 Breach of power or duty 226 Remedies for breach of statutory duty 227 CT TL UABILITY 227 OTHER REMEDIES 228 Power to delegate executive functions 229 Agency — the Carltona principle 231 Power to give directions 232 Directions concerning the performance of statutory functions 232 Performance directions 234 Power to make appointments 2 3 S Power to require information 236 Powers of entry, search and seizure 238 Power to take samples 242 Powers concerning codes of practice 243 Contents xiii Who may issue a code 243 Content of codes 246 Consequences of breach of a code 246 Chapter 12 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 1 249 Introduction 249 Statutory corporations and other bodies 249 Check list for legislation establishing corporations 250 Forms relating to statutory bodies 253 Dissolution of statutory corporations 271 Chapter 13 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 2 274 Licensing and registration 274 Check list for licensing or registration systems 274 Forms relating to licensing and registration 277 Disciplinary provisions 284 Government finance 285 Introduction 285 Supply expenditure 287 Statutory expenditure 287 Legislative provision for expenditure 287 Parliamentary control 288 PARLIAMENT 289 TREASURY 289 ACCOUNTING OFFICERS 289 COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL 290 PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE 290 Appropriation legislation 291 Loan and guarantee legislation 291 Taxation 293 Introduction 293 Check list for legislation imposing or empowering a tax or levy 294 Forms 295 Chapter 14 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 3 303 Validation 303 . Implementation of international conventions 308 xiv Contents Direct approach 310 Indirect approach 311 Practical points 312 PURPOSE PROVISIONS 312 IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES 3 12 EXPLANATORY PREAMBLES 312 LEVEL OF LEGISLATION 313 DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER TO IMPLEMENT AMENDMENTS 313 DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER TO ELABORATE PRIMARY PROVISIONS 313 INCONSISTENCY WITH OTHER LEGISLATION 3 14 INCONSISTENCY OF ENGLISH TEXT WITH OFFICIAL TEXT 314 TERMS TO HAVE IDENTICAL MEANINGS IN DOMESTIC LEGISLATION AND CONVENTION 314 Tribunals 315 Introduction 315 Check list for legislation establishing and regulating tribunals 318 Forms 320 Chapter 15 Supplementary provisions 329 The délégation of legislative power 329 General principles 329 Identity of delegate 331 Sub-delegation 332 Consultation and procedure 332 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS 332 ADVISORY COMMITTEES 334 INDIVIDUAL OBJECTIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS 335 ADVISORY COMMITTEE — LAYING REPORT TO MINISTER BEFORE PARLĽUWENT 336 PREPARATION BY AFFECTED INTERESTS 3 36 Publication 336 Parliamentary supervision 337 SCRUTINY OR REVIEW COMMITTEES 337 LAYING BEFORE LEGISLATURE 337 Drafting enabling provisions 340 GENERAL POWERS 341 PARTICULAR POWERS 342 POWER TO AMEND PRIMARY LEGISLATION 343 POWER TO EXEMPT 346 POWTR TO LEGISLATE RETROSPECTIVELY 346 POUTER TO APPLY SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION TO CROWN OR GOVT.RNMENT 347 PENAL PROVISIONS 347 POWER TO PRESCRIBE FEES OR CHARGES 347 MISCELLANEOUS FORMS EMPOWERING DELEGATED LEGISLATION 348 Contents xv Chapter 16 Penal provisions 349 Introduction 349 Jurisdiction of courts 349 Limited locality jurisdiction 350 Attempts 350 Time limits 350 Institution of prosecutions 352 Aiding, counselling etc 353 General forms 353 Declaratory forms 353 Conditional forms 354 Directory forms 354 Statement of penalty 355 Parties to offences 356 Vicarious liability 357 Responsibility for employees, contractors, agents, etc 358 Responsibility for children and animals 359 Corporations 359 Mens rea and strict liability 360 Special defences 362 Age of accused 362 Weather or other reasonable cause 362 Emergency action 362 Protection of health, property, environment 363 Action beyond control of defendant 363 Course of business or employment 363 Mistake, accident, act of another and diligence 364 Warranty 364 Precautions and diligence 364 Evidence by certificate 365 Where certificate is evidence 366 Where certificate is sufficient evidence 366 Where certificate is conclusive evidence 367 Certificates 368 Power to make regulations as to evidence by certificate 369 Admissibility of written statements 369 Presumptions 370 Onus of proof in relation to exceptions 371 Punishment 371 General form for fine and imprisonment 372 Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for prosecution on indictment 372 Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for a second offence 373 Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for a body corporate 373 Where monetary benefits have accrued to offender 3 73 Where the offence is continuing in nature 373 Amendment of penalty 374 Forfeiture 375 Provisions supplementary to punishments 377 xvi Contents Suspension or cancellation of licence and disqualification 377 Order to cease carrying on business 378 Order to pay prosecution expenses 379 Order to remedy cause of contravention 3 79 Order to refund amount wrongfully obtained 3 80 Payment of compensation for damage 380 Injunctions 380 Fixed penalty systems 381 Chapter 17 Final provisions 383 Savings and transitional 383 Introduction 383 Savings 387 PRESERVATION OF OBLIGATIONS 388 SAXTNG OF COMPENSATION CLAIMS 389 CONTINUANCE OF APPLICATIONS 389 PRESERVATION OF RIGHTS OF APPEAL 3 89 CONTINUANCE OF PENDING PROCEEDINGS 389 PROMSION FOR OFFENCES 390 PRESERVATION OF EFFECT OF CONVICTION UNDER REPEALED ENACTMENT 391 CONTINUANCE OF PERIODS OF TIME 3 91 SAVING OF EXEMPTION 391 PRESERVATION OF SUBSISTING BENEFITS OR ALLOWANCES 391 SAVING OF LICENCES AND PERMITS 391 SAVING OF ORDERS 392 SAVING FORMS IN USE 392 SAVING OF APPOINTMENTS 392 CONTINUATION OF EMPLOYMENT 3 93 Transitional 393 GENERAL 393 LICENSING AND REGISTRATION 394 BODIES CORPORATE 395 CONTINUITY OF TAX 397 Repeals 397 Schedules 400 Chapter 18 Amending legislation 403 Introduction 403 Techniques of amendment 405 Comparison of techniques 406 Drafting direct amendments 408 Design of amending statutes 408 Short titles 409 Contents xvii Reference to the principal Act 409 Reference to the section amended 409 Recommended scope of amending section 410 Parenthetic explanatory material 411 Headings for amending sections 411 Reference to prior amendments 411 Caution against referring to line numbers 412 Numbering practice 413 Consideration of repeal and re-enactment 414 Punctuation 414 Forms 416 Repeals, deletions and omissions 417 1 REPEAL OF A PAKT 417 2 REPEAL OF SECTION 418 3 REPEAL OF SUBSECTION 418 4 REPEAL OF PARAGRAPH, ETC 418 5 REPEAL OF DEFINITION 418 6 REPEAL OF WORDS, ETC 419 Substitutions 419 1 SUBSTITUTION OF PART 419 2 SUBSTITUTION OF SECTION 419 3 SUBSTITUTION OF SUBSECTION 420 4 SUBSTITUTION OF PARAGRAPH 420 5 SUBSTITUTION OF DEFINITION 420 6 SUBSTITUTION OF WORDS, ETC 420 7 SUBSTITUTION IN SCHEDULES 421 8 SUBSTITUTION OF HEADING 421 Insertions and additions 421 1 INSERTION OF PART 422 2 INSERTION OF SECTION 422 3 INSERTION OF SUBSECTION 423 4 INSERTION OF PARAGRAPH 423 5 INSERTION OF DEFINITIONS 423 6 INSERTION OF WORDS, ETC 424 Amendments in schedule form 425 Chapter 19 Subordinate legislation 427 Introduction 427 Validity of subordinate legislation 42 7 DEFECTS AS TO STATUTORY CONDITIONS 42 7 ULTRA VIRES SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION 429 Construction of subordinate legislation 430 Drafting subordinate legislation 430 Paragraphing 430 Definitions 432 Headings 432 Enacting provision 433 Preambles and purpose provisions 434 xviii Contents Short tide (citation) 434 Commencement 435 Operation 435 Amendment and repeal 435 Signature 436 Consents 436 Explanatory note 436 Index 437
adam_txt	Contents Preface v Table of legislation xix Table of cases xxv Chapter 1 Words 1 Introduction 1 What is language? 3 Words 5 The meaning of words б Vagueness of words 7 Ambiguity of words 11 Instability of words 12 Chapter 2 Syntax 14 Introduction 14 Traditional grammar 14 The significance of syntax 15 The legislative sentence 16 Subject-predicate relationship 16 Elements of the sentence 17 Diagram forms 20 Coode's analysis 21 Sentence problems 22 Problems with modifiers 22 1 ADJECTIVES 23 2 ADVERBS 24 3 PARTICIPLES 25 4 PHRASES 26 5 causes 27 vu viii Contents Incomplete and fused sentences 29 INCOMPLETE SENTENCES 29 COMMA SPLICES AND FUSED SENTENCES 29 FAULTY REFERENCE OF PRONOUNS 30 Subject-verb disagreement 32 Problems with negatives З З Punctuation 34 Four general rules 34 The comma 36 1 SEPARATING COMMAS 36 2 ENCLOSING COMMAS 38 3 UNDESIRABLE COMMAS 39 The semi-colon 40 The colon and the dash 42 The full stop 42 Parentheses 43 The apostrophe 44 The hyphen 45 Chapter 3 Style 46 Style and the purposes of legislation 46 Purposes of legislation 47 Communication of legislation 47 Style should help communication 48 Traditional legislative style — is it really a problem? 49 Are short simple Acts die answer? 50 The pursuit of clarity 52 Simplicity and precision — a tension and a balance 52 Beware the allure of abstract words 53 Sign-posts along the way to clarity 53 The pursuit of clarity — general rules 5 3 The pursuit of clarity — rules for drafting sentences 54 The pursuit of clarity — word choice 54 General rules — comment 54 Rules for drafting sentences — comment 56 Rules concerning word choice — comment 66 Six rules instead of twenty-nine 74 Style and gender 74 Unisex grammar 75 Avoid demeaning or patronising language 76 Avoid 'man' words 76 Chapter 4 Specific matters of style 78 Sections 78 The proviso 79 Contents ix Numbering, lettering and indentation practice 81 Miscellaneous stylistic matters 83 References to dates 84 References to numbers 84 References to legislation 85 Spelling 86 Capitals 87 Symbols and abbreviations 89 Chapter 5 Miscellaneous words and expressions 91 Words and expressions to avoid 91 above — below 91 aforesaid — above mentioned — afore mentioned — before mentioned 92 following — foregoing — preceding — succeeding 92 hereby — thereby 93 herein — hereinafter — hereinbefore — hereto — herewith — hitherto — heretofore 93 It shall be the duty of 94 It shall be lawful for — it shall not be lawful for 94 It is hereby declared mat 94 the provisions of 94 provided that — provided 95 whatsoever — wheresoever — whosoever — whomsoever 95 Words and expressions to use carefully 95 and — or — nor — and/or 95 any — all — each — every 97 as to 98 comprise 98 deem 99 less than—more than; not exceeding—exceeding 100 above — below; over — under 100 as the case may be 100 if any 100 none 101 notwithstanding — subject to 101 Other — otherwise 103 Shall — may — must 103 Oral—verbal 105 Practical — practicable 105 Same 105 Save 105 Such 106 That — which 106 Whether 107 Unless — except 107 While 107 Expressions of time 107 General 107 Existing 109 Contents Before — after — from 110 Forthwith — as soon as possible — immediately — without delay — without unreasonable delay — as soon as may be — without undue delay 110 Between — and 111 By, until, till 111 At least 111 Clear 111 Chapter 6 Interpretation Acts 112 Introduction 112 Application of interpretation legislation 114 Definitions of words and expressions 114 Provisions regarding construction of legislation 117 Powers and duties 120 Tune 122 Chapter 7 The drafting process: Part 1 124 Introduction 124 The role of a legislative drafter 125 When should drafters become involved in legislative proposals ? 126 The role of instructing officers 126 Basic equipment 127 The five stages of the drafting process 128 Stage 1— Understanding 128 1 DRAFTING INSTRUCTIONS 129 2 CONSULTATION 132 Stage 2— Analysis 133 1 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS AND EXISTING LAW 133 2 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS AND SPECIAL RESPONSIBILITY AREAS 134 3 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS AND PRACTICALITY 137 Stage 3— Design 138 The design of legislation not directly amending in character 139 the design of amending legislation 141 Chapter 8 The drafting process: Part 2 143 Stage 4— Composition and development 143 THE COMPOSITION PROCESS 143 THE USE OF DEFINITIONS 144 THE USE OF PURPOSE PROVISIONS 154 Contents xi THE USE OF SUPPLEMENTARY AIDS 158 THE USE OF PRECEDENTS 166 REFERENTIAL LEGISLATION 168 Stage 5— Scrutiny and testing 173 Chapter 9 Formalities and arrangement 175 Introduction 175 Format 176 Arrangement in parts 177 Practice 177 Purposes of arrangement in Parts 178 1 Clarity of presentation 178 2 Ease of reference 178 Criteria for arrangement in Parts 179 Dangers arising from arrangements in Parts 181 Subdivision of Parts 182 Headings (other than section headings or marginal notes) 183 Practice 183 Construction 184 Illustrations 184 Section headings also known as marginal notes 185 Practice 185 Construction 187 Usage 187 Table of contents 188 Recommended order of arrangement 190 Chapter 10 Preliminary provisions 193 Long tide 193 Function 193 Practice 194 .AMENDING BILLS 195 CONSOLIDATING BILLS 196 Preamble 196 Construction 196 Function 197 Practice 198 Enacting formula 199 Short title 200 Function 200 Practice 201 Citation by means of short title 203 Commencement 204 . . ^nc Where the legislation makes no specific commencement provision 205 xii Contents Where the legislation specifies a commencement date 205 Where some person is empowered to specify a commencement date 206 Where the Act is to commence upon the occurrence of a stipulated event 206 Multiple commencement dates 207 Conditional commencement date 207 Alternative commencement dates 207 Automatic commencement when commencement provision fails 207 Application 208 Application to circumstances existing at commencement 208 TAXATION EXAMPLES 209 STATUTORY CHARGES 209 STATUTORY BENEFITS 209 PRIVILEGES 210 REMEDIES AND OBLIGATIONS 210 Territorial application 210 Extra-territorial application 211 Application to specific persons and things 211 Application to Crown or to Government 213 Duration 215 Expiry 215 Sunset and review provisions 216 Chapter 11 Powers and duties 218 Introduction 218 Drafting statutory powers 219 Necessity for power 219 Statement of power 220 Who should be given the power? 220 Exercise of the power 221 Correction of clerical or technical errors 222 Provision for review or appeal 222 Transfer and revocation of statutory functions 224 Transfer of functions 224 Revocation 225 Breach of power or duty 226 Remedies for breach of statutory duty 227 CT\TL UABILITY 227 OTHER REMEDIES 228 Power to delegate executive functions 229 Agency — the Carltona principle 231 Power to give directions 232 Directions concerning the performance of statutory functions 232 Performance directions 234 Power to make appointments 2 3 S Power to require information 236 Powers of entry, search and seizure 238 Power to take samples 242 Powers concerning codes of practice 243 Contents xiii Who may issue a code 243 Content of codes 246 Consequences of breach of a code 246 Chapter 12 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 1 249 Introduction 249 Statutory corporations and other bodies 249 Check list for legislation establishing corporations 250 Forms relating to statutory bodies 253 Dissolution of statutory corporations 271 Chapter 13 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 2 274 Licensing and registration 274 Check list for licensing or registration systems 274 Forms relating to licensing and registration 277 Disciplinary provisions 284 Government finance 285 Introduction 285 Supply expenditure 287 Statutory expenditure 287 Legislative provision for expenditure 287 Parliamentary control 288 PARLIAMENT 289 TREASURY 289 ACCOUNTING OFFICERS 289 COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL 290 PUBLIC ACCOUNTS COMMITTEE 290 Appropriation legislation 291 Loan and guarantee legislation 291 Taxation 293 Introduction 293 Check list for legislation imposing or empowering a tax or levy 294 Forms 295 Chapter 14 Substantive and administrative provisions: Part 3 303 Validation 303 . Implementation of international conventions 308 xiv Contents Direct approach 310 Indirect approach 311 Practical points 312 PURPOSE PROVISIONS 312 IDENTIFICATION OF PARTIES 3 12 EXPLANATORY PREAMBLES 312 LEVEL OF LEGISLATION 313 DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER TO IMPLEMENT AMENDMENTS 313 DELEGATION OF LEGISLATIVE POWER TO ELABORATE PRIMARY PROVISIONS 313 INCONSISTENCY WITH OTHER LEGISLATION 3 14 INCONSISTENCY OF ENGLISH TEXT WITH OFFICIAL TEXT 314 TERMS TO HAVE IDENTICAL MEANINGS IN DOMESTIC LEGISLATION AND CONVENTION 314 Tribunals 315 Introduction 315 Check list for legislation establishing and regulating tribunals 318 Forms 320 Chapter 15 Supplementary provisions 329 The délégation of legislative power 329 General principles 329 Identity of delegate 331 Sub-delegation 332 Consultation and procedure 332 GENERAL AND SPECIFIC DIRECTIONS 332 ADVISORY COMMITTEES 334 INDIVIDUAL OBJECTIONS AND REPRESENTATIONS 335 ADVISORY COMMITTEE — LAYING REPORT TO MINISTER BEFORE PARLĽUWENT 336 PREPARATION BY AFFECTED INTERESTS 3 36 Publication 336 Parliamentary supervision 337 SCRUTINY OR REVIEW COMMITTEES 337 LAYING BEFORE LEGISLATURE 337 Drafting enabling provisions 340 GENERAL POWERS 341 PARTICULAR POWERS 342 POWER TO AMEND PRIMARY LEGISLATION 343 POWER TO EXEMPT 346 POWTR TO LEGISLATE RETROSPECTIVELY 346 POUTER TO APPLY SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION TO CROWN OR GOVT.RNMENT 347 PENAL PROVISIONS 347 POWER TO PRESCRIBE FEES OR CHARGES 347 MISCELLANEOUS FORMS EMPOWERING DELEGATED LEGISLATION 348 Contents xv Chapter 16 Penal provisions 349 Introduction 349 Jurisdiction of courts 349 Limited locality jurisdiction 350 Attempts 350 Time limits 350 Institution of prosecutions 352 Aiding, counselling etc 353 General forms 353 Declaratory forms 353 Conditional forms 354 Directory forms 354 Statement of penalty 355 Parties to offences 356 Vicarious liability 357 Responsibility for employees, contractors, agents, etc 358 Responsibility for children and animals 359 Corporations 359 Mens rea and strict liability 360 Special defences 362 Age of accused 362 Weather or other reasonable cause 362 Emergency action 362 Protection of health, property, environment 363 Action beyond control of defendant 363 Course of business or employment 363 Mistake, accident, act of another and diligence 364 Warranty 364 Precautions and diligence 364 Evidence by certificate 365 Where certificate is evidence 366 Where certificate is sufficient evidence 366 Where certificate is conclusive evidence 367 Certificates 368 Power to make regulations as to evidence by certificate 369 Admissibility of written statements 369 Presumptions 370 Onus of proof in relation to exceptions 371 Punishment 371 General form for fine and imprisonment 372 Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for prosecution on indictment 372 Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for a second offence 373 Where a greater maximum penalty is prescribed for a body corporate 373 Where monetary benefits have accrued to offender 3 73 Where the offence is continuing in nature 373 Amendment of penalty 374 Forfeiture 375 Provisions supplementary to punishments 377 xvi Contents Suspension or cancellation of licence and disqualification 377 Order to cease carrying on business 378 Order to pay prosecution expenses 379 Order to remedy cause of contravention 3 79 Order to refund amount wrongfully obtained 3 80 Payment of compensation for damage 380 Injunctions 380 Fixed penalty systems 381 Chapter 17 Final provisions 383 Savings and transitional 383 Introduction 383 Savings 387 PRESERVATION OF OBLIGATIONS 388 SAXTNG OF COMPENSATION CLAIMS 389 CONTINUANCE OF APPLICATIONS 389 PRESERVATION OF RIGHTS OF APPEAL 3 89 CONTINUANCE OF PENDING PROCEEDINGS 389 PROMSION FOR OFFENCES 390 PRESERVATION OF EFFECT OF CONVICTION UNDER REPEALED ENACTMENT 391 CONTINUANCE OF PERIODS OF TIME 3 91 SAVING OF EXEMPTION 391 PRESERVATION OF SUBSISTING BENEFITS OR ALLOWANCES 391 SAVING OF LICENCES AND PERMITS 391 SAVING OF ORDERS 392 SAVING FORMS IN USE 392 SAVING OF APPOINTMENTS 392 CONTINUATION OF EMPLOYMENT 3 93 Transitional 393 GENERAL 393 LICENSING AND REGISTRATION 394 BODIES CORPORATE 395 CONTINUITY OF TAX 397 Repeals 397 Schedules 400 Chapter 18 Amending legislation 403 Introduction 403 Techniques of amendment 405 Comparison of techniques 406 Drafting direct amendments 408 Design of amending statutes 408 Short titles 409 Contents xvii Reference to the principal Act 409 Reference to the section amended 409 Recommended scope of amending section 410 Parenthetic explanatory material 411 Headings for amending sections 411 Reference to prior amendments 411 Caution against referring to line numbers 412 Numbering practice 413 Consideration of repeal and re-enactment 414 Punctuation 414 Forms 416 Repeals, deletions and omissions 417 1 REPEAL OF A PAKT 417 2 REPEAL OF SECTION 418 3 REPEAL OF SUBSECTION 418 4 REPEAL OF PARAGRAPH, ETC 418 5 REPEAL OF DEFINITION 418 6 REPEAL OF WORDS, ETC 419 Substitutions 419 1 SUBSTITUTION OF PART 419 2 SUBSTITUTION OF SECTION 419 3 SUBSTITUTION OF SUBSECTION 420 4 SUBSTITUTION OF PARAGRAPH 420 5 SUBSTITUTION OF DEFINITION 420 6 SUBSTITUTION OF WORDS, ETC 420 7 SUBSTITUTION IN SCHEDULES 421 8 SUBSTITUTION OF HEADING 421 Insertions and additions 421 1 INSERTION OF PART 422 2 INSERTION OF SECTION 422 3 INSERTION OF SUBSECTION 423 4 INSERTION OF PARAGRAPH 423 5 INSERTION OF DEFINITIONS "423 6 INSERTION OF WORDS, ETC 424 Amendments in schedule form 425 Chapter 19 Subordinate legislation 427 Introduction 427 Validity of subordinate legislation 42 7 DEFECTS AS TO STATUTORY CONDITIONS 42 7 ULTRA VIRES SUBORDINATE LEGISLATION 429 Construction of subordinate legislation 430 Drafting subordinate legislation 430 Paragraphing 430 Definitions 432 Headings 432 Enacting provision 433 Preambles and purpose provisions 434 xviii Contents Short tide (citation) 434 Commencement 435 Operation 435 Amendment and repeal 435 Signature 436 Consents 436 Explanatory note 436 Index 437
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geographic	Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd
geographic_facet	Großbritannien
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illustrated	Not Illustrated
index_date	2024-07-02T20:13:47Z
indexdate	2024-07-09T21:13:16Z
institution	BVB
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016401441
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owner	DE-355 DE-BY-UBR
owner_facet	DE-355 DE-BY-UBR
physical	XXXI, 447 S.
publishDate	2008
publishDateSearch	2008
publishDateSort	2008
publisher	Tottel Publ.
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spelling	Legislative drafting G.C. Thornton 4 ed., reprinted Haywards Heath Tottel Publ. 2008 XXXI, 447 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Gesetzgebungslehre (DE-588)4157102-2 gnd rswk-swf Angelsächsisches Recht (DE-588)4312834-8 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd rswk-swf Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 g Gesetzgebungslehre (DE-588)4157102-2 s DE-604 Angelsächsisches Recht (DE-588)4312834-8 s Thornton, G. C. Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016401441&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Legislative drafting Gesetzgebungslehre (DE-588)4157102-2 gnd Angelsächsisches Recht (DE-588)4312834-8 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4157102-2 (DE-588)4312834-8 (DE-588)4022153-2
title	Legislative drafting
title_auth	Legislative drafting
title_exact_search	Legislative drafting
title_exact_search_txtP	Legislative drafting
title_full	Legislative drafting G.C. Thornton
title_fullStr	Legislative drafting G.C. Thornton
title_full_unstemmed	Legislative drafting G.C. Thornton
title_short	Legislative drafting
title_sort	legislative drafting
topic	Gesetzgebungslehre (DE-588)4157102-2 gnd Angelsächsisches Recht (DE-588)4312834-8 gnd
topic_facet	Gesetzgebungslehre Angelsächsisches Recht Großbritannien
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016401441&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT thorntongc legislativedrafting

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MARC

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