Intermetallic chemistry:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier Pergamon
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Pergamon materials series
13 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXII, 786 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780080440996 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Ferro, Riccardo |d 1926- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)143581422 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Intermetallic chemistry |c R. Ferro and A. Saccone |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier Pergamon |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 786 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Pergamon materials series |v 13 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Alloys | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Chemistry, Metallurgic | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Metal complexes | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Metall-Metall-Bindung |0 (DE-588)4169608-6 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 830 | 0 | |a Pergamon materials series |v 13 |w (DE-604)BV012398006 |9 13 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137495137353728 |
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| adam_text | CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTORY SURVEY CHAPTER 2: PHASE DIAGRAMS IN ALLOY
SYSTEMS CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES
CHAPTER 4: INTERMETALLIC REACTIVITY TRENDS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE CHAPTER
5: ELEMENTS OF ALLOYING BEHAVIOUR SYSTEMATICS CHAPTER 6: LABORATORY
PREPARATION OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES CHAPTER 7: FAMILIES OF INTERMETALLIC
STRUCTURE TYPES: A SELECTION CONTENTS EDITORIAL FOREWORD XXIII PREFACE
XXV CHAPTER 1* INTRODUCTORY SURVEY* 1.1. A PRESENTATION OFTHE BOOK AND
REMARKS ON ITS CONTENTS CHAPTER2 PHASE DIAGRAMS IN ALLOY SYSTEMS 2.1.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS* 7* 2.2. SOME CHARACTERISTIC, TVS. X, BINARY PHASE
DIAGRAMS* 8* 2.2.1 MUTUAL SOLID SOLUBI1ITY OFTHE COMPONENT METALS IN
ALLOY SYSTEMS 8* 2.2.1.1* MUTUAL SOLID-STATE SOLUBI1ITY: A SIMPLE
STRUCTURA1* REPRESENTATION - ORDER/DISORDER 10* 2.2.1.2* TRENDS IN
MUTUAL SOLID SOLUBI1ITY 11* 2.2.1.3* E1ECTRONEGATIVITY, MENDE1EEV
NUMBER, MIEDEMA* PARAMETERS 12* 2.2.1.4* PARTIAL MUTUAL SOLUBI1ITY IN
THE SOLID STATE 21* 2.2.2 INTER-CROSSING OF TWO-PHASE EQUI1IBRIA* 22*
2.2.2.1* PHASE RU1E, BUI1DING BLOCKS IN BINARY SYSTEM* DIAGRAMS,
INVARIANT EQUI1IBRIA 24* 2.2.2.2* SOLUBILITY DIAGRAMS: EFFECTS OF
ATOMIC* PROPERTIES ON MUTUAL SOLUBI1ITY 28* 2.2.3 TRENDS IN MUTUAL
LIQUID SOLUBILITIES* 30* 2.2.4 FORMATION OF INTERMEDIATE PHASES IN ALLOY
SYSTEMS 33* 2.2.4.1* TRENDS IN THE FORMATION CAPABILITY OF* BINARY
COMPOUNDS 38* 2.3. EXAMPLES OFMORE COMPLEX PHASE DIAGRAMS* 40* 2.3.1
TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS* 41* 2.3.2 VARIABLE PRESSURE PHASE DIAGRAMS* 45*
2.3.2.1* PARTIAL PRESSURE AS A VARIABLE 48* 2.3.3 EQUILIBRIUM AND
REACTION RATE* 51* 2.3.3.1* STAB1E, METASTAB1E AND UNSTAB1E STATES: A*
SIMPLE ANA10GY 54* V VI* CONTENTS 2.3.3.2* SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION 56*
2.4.* REMARKS ON PHASE DIAGRAM DETERMINATION AND EVALUATION 58* 2.4.1*
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OFPHASE DIAGRAMS 58* 2.4.1.1* POLYTHERMAL
METHODS 59* 2.4.1.2* ISOTHERMAL METHODS 59* 2.4.1.3* RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
AND PROSPECTS OF X-RAY* POWDER DIFFRACTION METHODS 62* 2.4.1.4* THE
DIFFUSION COUPLE TECHNIQUE IN PHASE DIAGRAM* DETERMINATION 64* 2.4.1.5*
THE CHARACTERIZATION AND 3D REPRESENTATION OF* MATERIALS MICROSTRUCTURE
66* 2.4.2* ASSESSMENT AND CALCULATION OF PHASE DIAGRAMS 67* 2.4.2.1*
ASSESSMENT OFPHASE DIAGRAMS 67* 2.4.2.2* CALCULATION, THERMODYNAMIC
OPTIMIZATION OF* PHASE DIAGRAMS 68* REFERENCES 75* CHAPTER3 SRUCTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES 3. 1.* PRELIMINARY REMARKS 81*
3.2.* LIQUID INTERMETALLIC PHASES 82* 3.2.1* RECENT INVESTIGATIONS ON
LIQUID ALLOYS 85* 3.3.* INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND CHEMISTRY IN THE SOLID
STATE 87* 3.4.* IDENTIFICATION OFTHE INTERMETALLIC (SOLID) PHASES 88*
3.5.* COMPOSITION AND COMPOSITIONAL FORMULA OFTHE INTERMETALLIC PHASE
89* 3.5.1* ORDER OF CITATION OF ELEMENT SYMBOLS IN THE FORMULA 89*
3.5.2* INDICATION OF CONSTITUENT PROPORTIONS 90* 3.6.* CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
OFTHE SOLID PHASE AND ITS STANDARD REPRESENTATION 94* 3.6.1* GENERAL
REMARKS, UNIT CELL DESCRIPTION 94* 3.6.1.1* CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
NOMENCLATURE (BRAVAIS LATTICES,* CRYSTAL CLASSES, SPACE GROUPS) 96*
3.6.1.2* THE UNIT CELL CONTENT 101* 3.6.1.3* COMMON CRYSTAL-EHEMICAL
FORMULAE. UNIT CELL* VOLUMES AND INTERATOMIC DISTANCES 105* 3.6.2*
SHORTENED VERSION OFTHE STANDARD DESCRIPTION: STRUCTURAL* TYPES 113*
3.6.3* STRUCTURE TYPES AND UNIT CELL PEARSON SYMBOL 115* 3.7.*
ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTIONS OFTHE CRYSTA1* STRUCTURES OF
THE SOLID PHASES 116* 3.7.1* LATTICE COMPLEXES 116* CONTENTS* VII*
3.7.2* ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTIONS AND SYMBOLS 121* 3.7.3*
COORDINATION AND DIMENSIONALITY SYMBOLS IN THE CRYSTAL* COORDINATION
FORMULA 122* 3.7.3.1* COORDINATION NUMBER AND PACKING GEOMETRY 125*
3.7.4* THE CONCEPT OF COORDINATION NUMBER 126* 3.7.5* ATOMIC ENVIRONMENT
DEFINITION (AND SYMBOLS) AND* CORRESPONDING COORDINATION NUMBERS AND
POLYHEDRA 130* 3.7.6* LAYER STACKING SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION AND SYMBOLS
136* 3.7.7* THE CP4-AUCU3 TYPE: AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE*
AND COMPLEMENTARY STRUCTURAL NOTATIONS AND SYMBOLS 145* 3.7.8* STRUCTURE
TRIVIAL NAMES AND STRUKTURBERICHT SYMBOLS 150* 3.8.* STRUCTURE FAMILIES:
DEGENERATE STRUCTURES, DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES,* SUPERSTRUCTURES 151*
3.8.1* DEFECT AND FILLED-UP DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES 155* 3.8.1.1*
TETRAHEDRAL AND OCTAHEDRAL HOLES IN CLOSE- PACKED STRUCTURES 156* 3.8.2*
ORDER-DISORDER TRANSFORMATION 158* 3.8.3* EXAMPLES OF SUBSTITUTIONAL
SUPERSTRUCTURES 160* 3.8.4* EXAMPLES OF INTERSTITIAL SUPERSTRUCTURES:
HAEGG PHASES 162* 3.8.4.1* INTERSTITIAL HYDRIDES 162* 3.8.4.2*
INTERSTITIAL CARBIDES AND NITRIDES 164* 3.8.4.3* HAEGG RULES 165*
3.8.4.4* MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF INTERSTITIAL* SUPERSTRUCTURES 166*
3.8.5* REMARKS ABOUT A SECOND KIND OF SUPERSTRUCTURES 167* 3.9.*
STRUCTURE FAMILIES: RECOMBINATION STRUCTURES , MODULAR ASPECTS* OF
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 168* 3.9.1* MODULAR ASPECTS OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES
168* 3.9.2* HOMEOTECT STRUCTURE TYPES, POLYTYPIC STRUCTURES 170*
3.9.2.1* CLOSE-PACKED ELEMENT STRUCTURE TYPES 171* 3.9.2.2* EQUIATOMIC
TETRAHEDRAL STRUCTURE TYPES* (CARBORUNDUM STRUCTURE TYPES) 171* 3.9.2.3*
LAVES PHASES 171* 3.9.2.4* A FEW GENERAL REMARKS ABOUT HOMEOTECT
STRUCTURES 172* 3.9.3* ASSEMBLY OFPOLYHEDRA 173* 3.9.3.1* TETRAHEDRALLY
CLOSE-PACKED STRUCTURES.* FRANK-ICASPERSTRUCTURES 174* 3.9.3.2*
STRUCTURES BASED ON FRAMEWORKS OF FUSED* POLYHEDRA: SAMSON PHASES 184*
3.9.4* RECOMBINATION STRUCTURES, INTERGROWTH STRUCTURE SERIES 185* VIII*
CONTENTS 3.10.* GROUP-SUBGROUP RELATIONS BETWEEN SPACE GROUPS FOR THE*
REPRESENTATION OF CRYSTA1-{;HEMICAL RELATIONSHIPS 189* 3.11.*
QUASI-PERIODIC CRYSTALS 190* 3.11.1* MODULATED STRUCTURES 190* 3.11.2
COMPOSITE CRYSTALS* 193* 3.11.2.1* NOWOTNY PHASES, CHIMNEY-LADDER
STRUCTURES 193* 3.11.2.2* COMBINATION OF COMMENSURATE AND*
INCOMMENSURATE PERIODIC SUBSTRUCTURES 197* 3.1 1.3 QUASICRYSTALS* 198*
3.11.3.1* NOTES ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF QUASI- PERIODIC STRUCTURES
200* 3.11.3.2* TYPES OF QUASICRYSTALS AND EXAMP1ES OF ALLOY* SYSTEMS
SHOWING THEIR FORMATION 203* 3.11.3.3* STRUCTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN
QUASICRYSTALS AND* OTHER INTERMETALLIC PHASES 204* 3.12.* AMORPHOUS
ALLOYS, METALLIC GLASSES 206* 3.12.1* STRUCTURE OFMETALLIC GLASSES 209*
3.12.2 EXAMPLES OFMETALLIC SYSTEMS WITH GLASS-FORMING* CAPABILITY 211*
REFERENCES 212* CHAPTER4 INTERMETALLIC REAETIVITY TRENDS IN THE PERIODIE
TAB1E 4.1.* INTRODUCTION 219* 4.2.* THE PERIODIC TABLE AND ITS STRUCTURE
219* 4.2.1* THE PERIODIC TABLE AND THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS OFTHE*
ELEMENTS 219* 4.2.1.1* REMARKS ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE
223* 4.2.1.2* THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OFTHE ATOMS 224* 4.2.2* BLOCKS
AND SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PERIODIC TAB1E 228* 4.2.2.1* BLOCKS OFTHE
PERIODIC TABLE 228* 4.2.2.2* COMMENTS ON SOME TRENDS AND ON THE
DIVIDES * IN THE PERIODIC TAB1E 229* 4.2.2.3* GEOCHEMICAL SUBDIVISION
OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE 233* 4.2.2.4* SUPERCONDUCTING ELEMENTS IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE 235* 4.2.2.5* TECHNOLOGICAL SUBDIVISION OFTHE PERIODIC
TABLE 235* 4.3.* TRENDS IN THE PERIODIC TAB1E: THE RO1E OFTHE ATOMIC
DIMENSIONS* AS A FACTOR CONTROLLING THE STRUCTURE OF INTERMETALLIC
PHASES 236* CONTENTS* IX* 4.3.1* LNTRODUCTION 236* 4.3.2* ATOMIC
DIMENSIONS, INTERATOMIC DISTANCES IN THE* INTERMETALLIC PHASES 238*
4.3.2.1* ATOMIC RADII AND VOLUMES. (PAULING S RULE,* VEGARD S AND
BILTZ-ZEN S FORMULAE) 238* 4.3.2.2* RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN .LFORMVAND
.LFORMH* FOR SELECTED GROUPS OF ALLOYS. GSCHNEIDNER S* FORMULAE 243*
4.3.2.3* ATOMIC DIMENSIONS AND AN EXAMPLE OF STABILITY* MULTI-DIAGRAMS
244* 4.3.2.4* PARTIAL MOLAR (ATOMIC) VOLUME 251* 4.3.2.5* GEOMETRICAL
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT INTERMETALLIC* CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 254* 4.4.*
REMARKS ON THE CHEMICAL BOND FACTOR AND VALENCE-ELECTRON* COUNTING RULES
262* 4.4.1* INTRODUCTION 262* 4.4.2* NORMAL VALENCE COMPOUND RULE 263*
4.4.2.1* TETRAHEDRAL STRUCTURES 264* 4.4.2.2* VALENCE COMPOUNDS: NOTES
FOR A CLASSIFICATION* (VEC AND PARTIAL VEC) 265* 4.4.3* POLYANIONIC
COMPOUNDS 267* 4.4.3.1* ZINTL PHASES: AN INTRODUCTION 267* 4.4.3.2*
ZINTL PHASES: REMARKS ON THEIR DEFINITION 269* 4.4.4* CLUSTER
COMPOUNDS 271* 4.4.4.1* CLUSTER COMPOUNDS: INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 271*
4.4.4.2* CLUSTER COMPOUNDS AND REMARKS ON THE* 2E, 2C BONDING SCHEME
273* 4.4.4.3* WADE ELECTRON COUNTING RULES: BORANE-LIKE* CLUSTER
NOMENCLATURE 275* 4.4.4.4* ELECTRON-PRECISE, ELECTRON-DEFICIENT AND*
ELECTRON-RICH CLUSTERS 278* 4.4.4.5* LNTERSTITIAL ATOMS IN CLUSTERS 278*
4.4.4.6* CONDENSED AND HIGH NUCLEARITY CLUSTER* COMPOUNDS 279* 4.4.4.7*
FROM CLUSTERS TOWARDS SOLID STATE* INTERMETALLICS 281* 4.4.4.8* PROBLEMS
IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN COMPLEX* INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS AND CLUSTERS 291*
4.4.4.9* THERMOCHEMISTRY OF CLUSTER COMPOUNDS 293* X* CONTENTS 4.4.5*
HUME-ROTHERY PHASES AND VEC 296* 4.4.6* VEC AND STABILITY
MULTI-DIAGRAMS. BREWER DIAGRAMS 299* 4.4.7* NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN
ELECTRONIC COUNTING IN INTERMETALLIC* COMPOUNDS 306* 4.4.7.1 STABILITY
MAPS AND CORRELATION DIAGRAMS 307* REFERENCES 312* CHAPTER5 ELEMENTS OF
AILOYING BEHAVIOUR SYSTEMATICS 5.1.* INTRODUCTORY NOTES 319* 5.1.1*
SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE 320* 5.2.* ALLOYS OFHYDROGEN 323* 5.2.1*
INTRODUCTION 323* 5.2.2* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFHYDROGEN 325*
5.2.2.1* REMARKS ON THE SYSTEMATICS OFHYDROGEN* REACTIVITY WITH THE
ELEMENTS 325* 5.2.2.2* EXAMPLES OFPHASE DIAGRAMS OFMETAL-HYDROGEN*
SYSTEMS 329* 5.2.2.3* COMRNENTS ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OFTYPICAL*
HYDROGEN-METAL PHASES 331* 5.2.2.4* NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF METAL
HYDRIDES 331* 5.3.* ALLOYS OFTHE ALKALI METALS (1ST GROUP METALS) (LI,
NA, K, RB, CS, FR) 335* 5.3.1* INTRODUCTION 335* 5.3.2* THE ALKALI
METALS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 338* 5.3.3*
THE ALKALI METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL CHEMICAL* PROPERTIES AND
REACTIVITY 340* 5.3.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE ALKALI METALS 341*
5.3.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OFALKALI METAL ALLOYS 341* 5.3.4.2* MELTING
POINT TREND IN THE BINARY ALKALI METAL* ALLOYS 343* 5.3.4.3* REMARKS ON
THE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OFTHE ALKALI* META1ALLOYS 344* 5.3.4.4* A GLANCE
THROUGH COMPLEX INTERMETALLIC* COMPOUNDS OF THE ALKALI METALS 344* 5.4.*
ALLOYS OFTHE ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND OFTHE DIVALENT RARE* EARTH
METALS (CA, SR, BA, RA, EU, VB) 347* 5.4.1* INTRODUCTION 347* 5.4.2* THE
ALKALI EARTH METALS AND EU AND VB: A SUMMARY OF* THEIR ATOMIC AND
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 350* CONTENTS* XL 5.4.3* THE ALKALI EARTH METALS AND
EU AND VB: REMARKS ABOUT* THEIR GENERAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND
REACTIVITY 350* 5.4.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE ALKALINE EARTH
METALS AND* OFEU ANDYB 351* 5.4.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE ALKALINE
EARTH METALS AND* OFEU ANDYB 351* 5.4.4.2* MELTING POINT TREND IN THE
BINARY ALKALINE EARTH* METAL ALLOYS 352* 5.4.4.3* REMARKS ON THE CRYSTAL
CHEMISTRY OF THE ALLOYS* OF THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND OF EU AND YB
353* 5.5.* ALLOYS OFTHE METALS OFTHE 3RD GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE*
(SC, Y, LA, LN, AC, AN) 356* 5.5.1* INTRODUCTION 356* 5.5.2* LANTHANIDE
AND ACTINIDE CONCEPT, LANTHANIDE CONTRACTION 357* 5.5.3* RARE EARTH
METALS 359* 5.5.3.1* RARE EARTH METALS: OCCURRENCE AND PREPARATION 361*
5.5.4* ACTINIDES 362* 5.5.4.1* ACTINIDES: OCCURRENCE AND PREPARATION
365* 5.5.5* THE 3RD GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY OF THEIR ATOMIC AND*
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 366* 5.5.5.1* THE RARE EARTH METALS 366* 5.5.5.2*
THE ACTINIDES 370* 5.5.6* THE 3RD GROUP METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR
GENERAL* CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 370* 5.5.6.1* THE RARE EARTH
METALS 370* 5.5.6.2* THE ACTINIDES 376* 5.5.7* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
OFTHE 3RD GROUP METALS 377* 5.5.7.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 3RD GROUP
METALS 377* 5.5.7.2* REMARKS ON THE STABILITY OFTHE BINARY ALLOYS* OFTHE
3RD GROUP METALS (MELTING POINT AND* FORMATION ENTHALPY TRENDS) 383*
5.5.7.3* FURTHER REMARKS ON THE ACTINIDE ALLOYS 387* 5.5.7.4* REMARKS ON
THE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OFTHE ALLOYS* OFTHE 3RD GROUP METALS 390* 5.6.*
ALLOYS OFTHE METALS OFTHE 4TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE* (TI, ZR, HF)
393* 5.6.1* INTRODUCTION 393* 5.6.2* THE 4TH GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY
OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 394* 5.6.3* THE 4TH GROUP
METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY
395* XLL* CONTENTS 5.6.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 4TH GROUP
METALS 396* 5.6.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OFTHE 4TH GROUP METALS 396* 5.6.4.2*
MELTING POINT TREND IN THE BINARY ALLOYS OFTHE* 4TH GROUP METALS 398*
5.6.4.3* REMARKS ON THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE* 4TH GROUP METALS
400* 5.6.4.4* NOTES ON THE APPLICATIONS OFTHE 4TH GROUP METALS 402*
5.7.* ALLOYS OFTHE METALS OFTHE 5TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE (Y, NB,
TA) 404* 5.7.1* INTRODUCTION 404* 5.7.2* THE 5TH GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY
OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 406* 5.7.3* THE 5TH GROUP
METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMIEAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY
406* 5.7.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE 5TH GROUP METALS 407* 5.7.4.1*
PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 5TH GROUP METALS 407* 5.7.4.2* MELTING POINT TREND
IN THE BINARY ALLOYS OF* THE 5TH GROUP METALS 408* 5.7.4.3* REMARKS ON
THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE* 5TH GROUP METALS 409* 5.8.* ALLOYS
OFTHE METALS OFTHE 6TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE* (CR, MO, W) 413*
5.8.1* LNTRODUCTION 413* 5.8.2* THE 6TH GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR
ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 415* 5.8.3* THE 6TH GROUP METALS:
REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 417*
5.8.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 6TH GROUP METALS 417* 5.8.4.1*
PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 6TH GROUP METALS 417* 5.8.4.2* REMARKS ON THE
MELTING POINT TRENDS IN THE* BINARY ALLOYS OF THE 6TH GROUP METALS 417*
5.8.4.3* NOTES ON THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OFTHE* 6TH GROUP METALS
418* 5.9.* ALLOYS OFTHE METALS OFTHE 7TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE*
(MN, TC, RE) 421* 5.9.1* INTRODUCTION 421* 5.9.2* THE 7TH GROUP METALS:
A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 423* 5.9.3* THE 7TH
GROUP METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND
REACTIVITY 423* CONTENTS* X111 5.9.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 7TH
GROUP METALS 425* 5.9.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 7TH GROUP METALS 425*
5.9.4.2* REMARKS ON THE ALLOY CRYSTA1 CHEMISTRY* OF THE 7TH GROUP METALS
425* 5.10.* ALLOYS OF THE METALS OF THE 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH GROUPS OF THE*
PERIODIC TAB1E (FE, CO, NI, RU, OS, RH, IR, PD, PT) 429* 5.10.1*
INTRODUCTION 429* 5.10.1.1* METALS OF THE IRON FAMI1Y 429* 5.10.1.2*
METALS OFTHE P1ATINUM FAMI1Y 430* 5.10.1.3* P1ATINUM FAMI1Y METALS
PREPARATION 431* 5.10.2 THE METALS OF THE 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH GROUPS: A
SUMMARY* OF THEIR ATOMIC AND PHYSICA1 PROPERTIES 432* 5.10.3* THE METALS
OF THE 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH GROUPS: REMARKS* ABOUT THEIR GENERAL CHEMICA1
PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 432* 5.10.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE
METALS OFTHE 8TH, 9TH* AND 10TH GROUPS: GENERAL REMARKS 435* 5.10.4.1*
PHASE DIAGRAMS OFTHE IRON FAMI1Y METALS 439* 5.10.4.2* PHASE DIAGRAMS
OFTHE P1ATINUM FAMI1Y* METALS 439* 5.10.4.3* REMARKS ON THE ALLOYS
CRYSTA1 CHEMISTRY OF* THE METALS OF THE 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH GROUPS 439*
5.10.4.4* NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OFTHE METALS OFTHE* 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH
GROUPS AND THEIR ALLOYS 448* 5.10.4.5* IRON AND STEE1: STEE1 PRODUCTION,
THE FE-C* PHASE DIAGRAM, TTT DIAGRAMS, MARTENSITE 450* 5.11.* ALLOYS OF
THE METALS OF THE 11 TH GROUP OF THE PERIODIC TAB1E* (CU, AG, AU) 457*
5.11.1* INTRODUCTION 457* 5.11.2 THE 11TH GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY
OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICA1 PROPERTIES 459* 5.11.3* THE 11TH GROUP
METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMICA1 PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY
460* 5.11.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 11 TH GROUP METALS 460*
5.11.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 11TH GROUP METALS 460* 5.11.4.2* REMARKS
ON THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE* 11 TH GROUP METALS 464* 5.11.4.3*
NOTES ON THE APP1ICATIONS OF THE ALLOYS OF THE* 11 TH GROUP METALS 466*
XIV CONTENTS 5.12. ALLOYS OFBE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG 467 5.12.1
INTRODUCTION 467 5.12.2 BE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC
AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 469 5.12.3 BE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG: REMARKS ABOUT
THEIR GENERAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 470 5.12.4
INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFBE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG 471 5.12.4.1 PHASE
DIAGRAMS OFTHE BE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG ALLOYS 471 5.12.4.2 REMARKS ON THE
MELTING POINT TRENDS IN THE BINARY ALLOYS OFBE, MG AND OFTHE 12TH GROUP
METALS 473 5.12.4.3 REMARKS ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF SELECTED ALLOYS
OFBE, MG AND OFTHE 12TH GROUP METALS 473 5.12.4.4 NOTES ON THE
APPLICATION OFBE, MG, ZN, CD, AND HG ALLOYS 476 5.12.4.5 MAGNESIUM
ALLOYS: STANDARD ASTM ALLOY DESIGNATION 478 5.13. ALLOYS OFTHE ELEMENTS
OFTHE 13TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE (B, AI, GA, IN, TL) 479 5.13.1
INTRODUCTION 479 5.13.2 B, AI, GA, IN, TI: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 482 5.13.3 THE 13TH GROUP ELEMENTS: REMARKS ABOUT
THEIR GENERAL CHEMIEAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 484 5.13.4
INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 13TH GROUP ELEMENTS 485 5.13.4.1 PHASE
DIAGRAMS OFTHE 13TH GROUP ELEMENTS 485 5.13.4.2 REMARKS ON THE CRYSTAL
CHEMISTRY OFTHE TRIEL ELEMENTS (AI, GA, IN, TL) 486 5.13.4.3 NOTES ON
THE APPLICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 491 5.13.4.4 REMARKS ON SOME
COMMERCIAL ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 492 5.14. ALLOYS OFTHE ELEMENTS OFTHE 14TH
GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE (C, SI, GE, SN, PB) 494 5.14.1 INTRODUCTION
494 5.14.2 THE 14TH GROUP ELEMENTS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 500 5.14.3 INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE 14TH GROUP
ELEMENTS 501 5.14.3.1 PHASE DIAGRAMS OFTHE 14TH GROUP ELEMENTS 501
5.14.3.2 REMARKS ON THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OFTHE 14TH GROUP
ELEMENTS 502 CONTENTS* XV* 5.14.3.3* NOTES ON SOME PECULIAR APPLICATIONS
OF DIAMOND 505* 5.14.3.4* JOINING PROCESSES: TIN-CONTAINING SOFT SOLDERS
506* 5.15.* ALLOYS OFTHE ELEMENTS OFTHE 15TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE*
(N, P, AS, SB, BI) 507* 5.15.1* INTRODUCTION 507* 5.15.2 THE 15TH GROUP
ELEMENTS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 509* 5.15.3
INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS 509* 5.15.3.1* PHASE
DIAGRAMS OF THE 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS 509* 5.15.3.2 NOTES ON THE CRYSTAL
CHEMISTRY OF SELECTED* ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS OFTHE 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
510* 5.16.* ALLOYS OFTHE ELEMENTS OFTHE 16TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE*
(O,S, SE, TE, PO) 514* 5.16.1* INTRODUCTION 514* 5.16.2 THE 16TH GROUP
ELEMENTS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 516* 5.16.3*
INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE 16TH GROUP ELEMENTS 516* 5.16.3.1* PHASE
DIAGRAMS OFTHE 16TH GROUP ELEMENTS 516* 5.16.3.2* A FEW NOTES ABOUT
SIMPLE BINARY COMPOUNDS OF* THE 16TH GROUP ELEMENTS 517* 5.17.* GENERAL
REMARKS ON THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE BINARY ALLOYS OF THE METALS 520* 5.18.
COMPLEX ALLOYS: A FEW NOTES AND REMARKS ABOUT THEIR SYSTEMATICS 522*
REFERENCES 524* CHAPTER6 LABORATORY PREPARATION OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES
6.1.* INTRODUCTION 531* 6.2.* NOTES ABOUT PROCEDURES AND INSTRUMENTS
FREQUENTLY USED IN AN* INTERMETALLIC CHEMICALLABORATORY 531* 6.2.1*
HEATING, THERMAL TREATMENTS 531* 6.2.1.1* LABORATORY FURNACES 532*
6.2.1.2* CRUCIBLES, REFRACTORY MATERIALS 539* 6.2.2* MISCELLANEOUS,
SPECIAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND HEAT* TREATMENTS 542* 6.2.2.1*
QUENCHING (FROM THE SOLID STATE) 544* 6.2.2.2* SUPER-QUENCHING
(QUENCHING FROM THE LIQUID) 545* 6.2.2.3* THIXOFORMING, SEMI-SOLID
PROCESSING 546* 6.2.2.4* TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS 546* 6.2.3* LABORATORY
EQUIPMENT: A FEW ADDITIONAL REMARKS 551* 6.3. PURITY PROBLEMS, THE ROLE
OF IMPURITIES* 552* 6.3.1* INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 552* 6.3.2* FORMATION OF
IMPURITY-STABILIZED PHASES 553* 6.3.3* EXAMPLES OF PREPARATION OF
HIGH-PURITY MATERIALS 553* 6.3.3.1* SILICON 553* 6.3.3.2* RARE EARTH
METALS 554* 6.3.4* EFFECTS OF IMPURITIES ON ALLOY PROPERTIES AND ON THE*
SYNTHESIS CONTROL 556* 6.3.5* EFFECTS OF INTERSTITIAL IMPURITIES ON
PHASE EQUILIBRIA 560* 6.4. DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF THE INTERMETALLIC PHASES*
560* 6.4.1* INTRODUCTION 560* 6.4.2* MELTING (REACTION IN THE LIQUID
STATE) 561* 6.4.2.1* EXAMPLES OF REACTIONS AND SYNTHESIS BY MELTING 563*
6.4.3* HIGH-TEMPERATURE LIQUID INTERMETALLIC SOLUTION GROWTH OF* SINGLE
CRYSTALS AND QUASICRYSTALS 565* 6.4.4* SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS 566*
6.4.4.1* DIRECT SYNTHESIS FROM COMPONENT POWDERS 566* 6.4.4.2* DIRECT
SYNTHESIS FROM THE SOLID COMPONENTS BY* MECHANICAL ALLOYING 567*
6.4.4.3* COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS 569* 6.4.4.4* FIELD-ACTIVATED,
SELF-PROPAGATING, HIGH- TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS 573* 6.4.4.5* CO-REDUCTION
OF MIXED OXIDES 573* 6.4.4.6* FAST, SOLID STATE, MICROWAVE-ASSISTED,
SYNTHESIS 573* 6.4.4.7* EXTRACTION OF A PHASE FROM A MIXTURE 574* 6.5.
SYNTHESIS IN SOLVENTS (UNDER FLUXES)* 575* 6.5.1* SYNTHESIS OF
INTERMETALLIC PHASES IN LIQUID SODIUM 577* 6.5.2* SYNTHESIS IN MERCURY
SOLUTION 577* 6.5.3* SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID ALUMINIUM 578* 6.5.3.1* AL AS
SOLVENT: THE SYNTHESIS OFBERYLLIDES AS* AN EXAMPLE 578* 6.5.3.2*
SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID AL: AL AS A REACTIVE SOLVENT 578* 6.5.4* SYNTHESIS
IN LIQUID GALLIUM (REACTIVE SOLVENT) 579* 6.5.5* SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID
INDIUM 579* 6.5.6* SYNTHESIS IN TIN FLUX 580* 6.5.7* SYNTHESIS IN LEAD
FLUX 580* 6.5.8* SINGLE-CRYSTAL PREPARATION AND GROWTH BY NACIIKCL FLUX*
REACTION 581* 6.5.9* SYNTHESIS IN ALKALI CHALCOGENIDE REACTIVE FLUX 581*
6.5.10* SYNTHESIS IN ALKALI POLY-CHALCOGENIDE FLUX 581* 6.5.11*
SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID NH3 582* 6.6. REACTIONS WITH THE GAS PHASE* 582*
6.6.1* PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION 582* 6.6.2* CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
583* 6.6.3* VAPOUR PHASE TRANSPORT 584* 6.6.4* CHEMICAL TRANSPORT
REACTIONS AS A NEW VARIANT OF THE PHASE* COMPOSITION CONTROL 585* 6.6.5*
SINGLE-CRYSTAL PREPARATION BY MEANS OF CHEMICAL TRANSPORT* REACTIONS.
(NI-SN-S COMPOUNDS AS AN EXAMPLE) 585* 6.6.6* SYNTHESIS OF METASTABLE AL
AND GA MONOHALIDE SOLUTIONS* AND SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION OFLARGE AL AND
GA CLUSTERS 586* 6.7.* SYNTHESIS OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES BY EXCHANGE
REACTIONS* (METATHESIS REACTIONS) 586* 6.7.1* METATHESIS (EXCHANGE)
REACTIONS 587* 6.7.1.1* SOLID-STATE METATHESIS REACTIONS 587* 6.7.1.2*
METATHESIS REACTIONS IN SOLUTION 589* 6.7.2* COUPLED REDUCTIONS 589*
6.7.2.1* OXIDE COUPLED REDUCTION WITH A METAL AND* HYDROGEN 589*
6.7.2.2* PREPARATION OF BASE METALS BY COUPLED* REDUCTION WITH
PLATINUM GROUP METALS 590* 6.7.2.3* OXIDE COUPLED REDUCTION WITH BORON
AND SULPHUR 590* 6.8.* ELECTRODEPOSITION AND ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION
(ELECTROWINNING) 591* 6.8.1* ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION 591* 6.8.2*
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALLOYS. AG-BI ALLOYS AS AN EXAMPLE* OF ELECTRO
CO-DEPOSITION 591* 6.8.3* PREPARATION OF AMALGAMS: ELECTROCHEMICAL
REDUCTION ON AN* HG CATHODE 592* 6.8.4* PREPARATION OFTRANSITION METAL
COMPOUNDS WITH NON-METALS* BY ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION OF FUSED SALTS 592*
6.9.* SPECIAL TECHNIQUES 593* 6.9.1* SONO-CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES 593*
6.9.2* SHOCK-INDUCED AND SHOCK-ASSISTED REACTIONS IN POWDER* MIXTURES
594* 6.9.3* SPUTTERING 594* 6.9.4* PULSED LASER ABLATION DEPOSITION
TECHNIQUE (PLAD* TECHNIQUE) 595* 6.10.* SYNTHESIS OF NANO-STRUCTURED
METALS AND ALLOYS 595* 6.1 0.1 SYNTHESIS OF NANO-STRUCTURED ALLOYS BY
THE INERT GAS* EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE 597* 6.10.2 SYNTHESIS
OFNANO-STRUCTURED ALLOYS VIA MECHANICAL* DEFORMATION 597* 6.10.3*
PRECURSOR PREPARATION BY SOLUTION CHEMISTRY 597* 6.10.4 SYNTHESIS OF
NANO-STRUCTURED ALLOYS BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR* DEPOSITION AND CHEMICAL
VAPOUR CONDENSATION 598* 6.10.5* SYNTHESIS OF NANO-STRUCTURED ALLOYS
FROM ORGANOMETALLICS 598* 6.10.6* NANOWIRES 598* 6.10.7*
NANO-STRUCTURES : COMMENTS ON AN EXAMPLE OF* EXTREME MICROSTRUCTURE
599* 6.11.* EXAMPLES OF PREPARATION ROUTES OF GROUPS OF COMPOUNDS WITH*
NON-METALS 600* 6.11.1* BORIDES 600* 6.11.1.1* BOROTHERMIC REDUCTION OF
OXIDES ENHANCED BY* ELECTRON-BEAM BOMBARDMENT 602* 6.11.1.2* BORIDES
FROM METALLIC FLUXES 602* 6.11.1.3* APPLICATION OF CARBO-THERMAL
REDUCTION 602* 6.11.2* CARBIDES 603* 6.11.3* PHOSPHIDES AND
POLYPHOSPHIDES 604* 6.12.* THE SYNTHESIS OFINAS: EXAMPLES OFALTERNATIVE
ROUTES OFPREPARATION 606* 6.12.1* INTRODUCTION 606* 6.12.2 PREPARATION
OF INAS BY DIRECT SYNTHESIS FROM THE ELEMENTS 607* 6.12.3* INAS
EQUILIBRIUM WITH THE LIQUID 607* 6.12.4 SYNTHESIS OFINAS (AND III-V
SEMICONDUCTORS) BY* SOLID-STATE METATHESIS 607* 6.12.5* SYNTHESIS OFINAS
BY REACTION OFINDIUM HALIDES 608* 6.12.6 SYNTHESIS OFINAS BY
HYDROTHERMAL ROUTE* 608* 6.12.7 SINGLE SOURCE PRECURSORS IN THE
SYNTHESIS OF TRIELS* MONOPICTIDES 609* 6.12.8 THE LIQUID-ENCAPSULATED
CZOCHRALSKI PROCESS AND THE* GROWTH OFIII-V CRYSTALS 609* REFERENCES
610* CHAPTER 7* FAMILIES OF INTERMETALLIC STRUCTURE TYPES: A SELECTION
7.1.* INTRODUCTION AND STATISTICAL REMARKS 617* 7.2.* A PROTOTYPE
DIRECTORY OF SELECTED INTERMETALLIC STRUCTURES 620* 7.2.1* ON THE
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATIONS OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 623* 7.2.1.1* STRUCTURE
AND STRUCTURE COMPONENT SECTIONS:* THE TI2-APA, EI2-W, CF8-ZNS AND
TI8-NBAS* TYPES AS EXAMPLES 623* CONTENTS* XIX* 7.2.1.2* STRUCTURE AND
STRUCTURE COMPONENT PROJECTIONS:* THE CP1-PO, CI2-W AND HP3-AIB2TYPE
STRUCTURES* AS EXAMPLES 625* 7.2.2* EXAMPLES OF COMMON STRUCTURE TYPES
AND OF THEIR* CHARACTERISTIC FRAGMENTS 626* 7.2.3* POLYHEDRA PROJECTIONS
630* 7.3. UNARY STRUCTURES* 632* 7.3.1* GENERAL REMARKS 632* 7.3.2*
METALLIC ELEMENT STRUCTURES 633* 7.3.2.1* THE C1OSE-PACKED ELEMENT
STRUCTURE TYPES* (MG, CU, LA, SM TYPES) AND SIMPLE DERIVATIVE* TYPES
633* 7.3.2.2* THE BODY-CENTRED CUBIC W-TYPE STRUCTURE 637* 7.3.2.3* TWO
BODY-CENTRED TETRAGONAL STRUCTURES* (LN- AND APA-TYPE STRUCTURES) 639*
7.3.2.4* SPECIAL STRUCTURAL TYPES OF SELECTED METALS 639* 7.3.2.5* A FEW
COMMENTS ABOUT URANIUM AND PLUTONIUM* ELEMENTAL STRUCTURES 642* 7.3.3* A
SE1ECTION OF NON-METALLIC ELEMENTAL STRUCTURES 643* 7.3.3.1* BORON:
REMARKS ON ITS CRYSTA1 STRUCTURE 643* 7.3.3.2* THE 8 - EAT RULE 644*
7.3.3.3* TYPICAL STRUCTURES OF ELEMENTS OFTHE 15TH* GROUP (AS, SB, BI)
648* 7.3.3.3.1 AS, HR6, STRUCTURAL TYPE* 648* 7.3.3.4* COMMENTS ON OTHER
STRUCTURES OF 15TH* GROUP ELEMENTS 649* 7.3.3.5* TYPICAL STRUCTURES OF
16TH GROUP ELEMENTS 650* 7.3.3.6* REMARKS ON THE STRUCTURES OF 17TH
GROUP* ELEMENTS (12) 651* 7.4. BINARY STRUCTURES: A SELECTION OF COMMON
PROTOTYPES* 652* 7.4.1* PRELIMINARY REMARKS 652* 7.4.2* SIMPLE 1: 1
PROTOTYPES AND DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES 653* 7.4.2.1* INTRODUCTION 653*
7.4.2.2* CP2-CSCI, CF8-NACI AND CF I6-NATI TYPES* AND NATL-RELATED
STRUCTURES 653* 7.4.2.3* SIMPLE BINARY TETRAHEDRAL STRUCTURES AND*
POLYTYPES (ZNS-SPHALERITE, CF8-ZNS AND* ZNS-WURTZITE, HP4-ZNUE,
STRUCTURAL TYPES) 658* 7.4.2.4* HP2-WC AND HP4-NIAS TYPES AND EXAMPLES
OF* NIAS-DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES 662* XX 7.4.2.7* OS16-CEAL AND OP16-DYAL
STRUCTURE TYPES 669* 7.4.2.8* FESI, CP8, STRUCTURAL TYPE 671* CONTENTS
7.4.2.9 7.4.2.6 7.4.2.5 OS8-CRB AND OP8-FEB STRUCTURE TYPES (TWO*
TRIANGULAR PRISM-BASED STRUCTURES, SIMILAR IN* COORDINATION) 666*
AUCU(I), TP2, AND AUCU(II), 0140, STRUCTURAL TYPES* (ORDERED DERIVATIVES
IN THE CU-AU SYSTEM) 668* THE TI8-NBAS TYPE (AND RELATED STRUCTURES)
AND* THE TI8-NBP TYPE 671* 7.4.3 REMARKS ON STRUCTURES OF SOME 1:2
COMPOUNDS* 673* 7.4.3.1* INTRODUCTION 673* 7.4.3.2* CAF2TYPE (AND ITS
ORDERED AGMGAS-DERIVATIVE* STRUCTURE) 674* 7.4.3.3* LAVES PHASES 676*
7.4.3.4* TI6-CAC2 AND MOSIRTYPE STRUCTURES 680* 7.4.3.5* 0112, CECU2 AND
KHG2 STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTIONS* (AN EXERCISE ON ISOTYPISM AND
NORMALIZATION * OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DATA) 680* 7.4.3.6* C02SI (PBCI2),
OP12, AND TINISI, OP12,* STRUCTURAL TYPES 683* 7.4.3.7* CUAI20 TIL2,
STRUCTURAL TYPE 685* 7.4.3.8* CU2SB, TP6, STRUCTURAL TYPE 685* 7.4.3.9*
FE2P HP9, STRUCTURAL TYPE 686* 7.4.3.10* TISI20 OF24, STRUCTURAL TYPE
687* 7.4.3.11* UPT20 OS 12, STRUCTURAL TYPE 687* 7.4.3.12* MOPT2, 016,
STRUCTURAL TYPE 687* 7.4.3.13* FES2, CP12, STRUCTURAL TYPE (PYRITE) 688*
7.4.3.14* THEAIB2, HP3, TYPE AND ITS STRUCTURAL FAMILY 688* 7.4.3.15*
ATHSI20 T112, AND LAPTSI, TIL2, STRUCTURAL TYPES 697* 7.4.3.16* RGE2-X
(RARE EARTH DIGERMANIDES ): AN EXAMPLE* OF A FAMILY OF COMPOUNDS WITH
STRUCTURES* RELATED TO THE COORDINATION SIMILAR AIB2 AND* THSI2 TYPES
701* 7.4.4 EXAMPLES OF STRUCTURE TYPES WITH A 1:3 STOICHIOMETRY 703*
7.4.4.1* INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 703* 7.4.4.2 A POLYTYPIC STRUCTURE FAMILY
CONSISTING OF* CLOSE-PACKED STACKING OF LAYERS COMPOSED* OFTRIANGULAR
AND KAGOME NETS (THE* HP8-NI3SN, CP4-AUCU3, HPI6-TINI3,* HP24-VC03,
HP24-PUA13 AND* HR36-BAPB3, TYPES) 703* CONTENTS* XXL 7.4.4.3* THE
SSTICU3 OP8, STRUCTURAL TYPE (A NI3SN-TYPE* RELATED STRUCTURE) 708*
7.4.4.4* THE TP4-TI3CU, TI8-TIAI3 AND TI16-ZRAI3TYPE* STRUCTURES:
TETRAGONAL DERIVATIVES OFTHE CP4- AUCU3 TYPE 709* 7.4.4.5* CR3SI, CP8,
STRUCTURAL TYPE: AN EXAMPLE OF* TETRAHEDRALLY CLOSE-PACKED PHASES 711*
7.4.4.6* NA3AS, HP8, STRUCTURAL TYPE (AND THE BOND* FACTOR ) 712*
7.4.4.7* FE3CO, P16, STRUCTURAL TYPE 713* 7.5* A SELECTION OF MORE
COMMON INTERMETALLIC PROTOTYPES HAVING* MORE COMPLEX STOICHIOMETRIES AND
STRUCTURES 714* 7.5.1* EXAMPLES OF PROTOYPES CORRESPONDING TO HIGH*
STOICHIOMETRIC RATIOS 714* 7.5.1.1* TH6MN23, CF 116, STRUCTURAL TYPE
714* 7.5.1.2* FE4N, CP5, STRUCTURAL TYPE 715* 7.5.1.3* BAAI4, TI 10,
STRUCTURAL TYPE AND BAAI4- DERIVATIVE TYPES 715* 7.5.1.4* MONI4, TI1 0,
STRUCTURAL TYPE 721* 7.5.1.5* CACUS, HP6, STRUCTURAL TYPE 721* 7.5.1.6*
CAB6, CP7 STRUCTURAL TYPE (A CROSS-REFERENCE NOTE) 723* 7.5.1.7* TH2NI
17, HP38, STRUCTURAL TYPE 723* 7.5.1.8* TH2ZN17, HR5 7, STRUCTURAL TYPE
724* 7.5.1.9* BAHG[B CP36, STRUCTURAL TYPE 725* 7.5.1.10* THMNLB TI26,
STRUCTURAL TYPE AND THMNLR* DERIVATIVE TYPES 726* 7.5.1.11* NAZN13,
CF112, STRUCTURAL TYPE 727* 7.5.1.12* RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PROTOTYPES
WITH HIGH* STOICHIOMETRIC RATIOS 728* 7.5.2* J-BRASS: CUSZNG, CI52
STRUCTURAL TYPE 728* 7.5.3* TETRAHEDRALLY CLOSE-PACKED PHASES,
FRANK-KASPER PHASES* (CROSS-REFERENCE NOTE) 729* 7.5.3.1* ZR4A13 HP7,
STRUCTURAL TYPE (A TETRAHEDRALLY* CLOSE-PACKED PHASE) 729* 7.5.3.2* (J
CR-FE, TP30, STRUCTURAL TYPE (A TETRAHEDRALLY CLOSE- PACKED PHASE) 730*
7.5.3.3* W6FE7, HR39, STRUCTURAL TYPE (F! PHASE)* (A TETRAHEDRALLY
CLOSE-PACKED PHASE) 731* 7.5.4* SAMSON PHASES (A CROSS-REFERENCE NOTE)
731* 7.5.5* CHEVREL PHASES, STRUCTURES CONTAINING ME6XG CLUSTERS*
(CROSS-REFERENCE NOTE) 731* XXLL* CONTENTS 7.5.6* A MISCELLANY OF
STOICHIOMETRIES AND PROTOTYPES (SHORT NOTES) 731* 7.5.6.1* SELECTED
STRUCTURES CORRESPONDING TO A BINARY 5:4* STOICHIOMETRY 732* 7.5.6.2*
SELECTED STRUCTURES CORRESPONDING TO A BINARY 5:3 STOICHIOMETRY* 734*
7.5.6.3* A SELECTED STRUCTURE CORRESPONDING TO THE* BINARY 3:4
STOICHIOMETRY 737* 7.6.* REMARKS ABOUT THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF A FEW
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS.* EXAMPLES OF OXIDES AND MINERALS 738* 7.6.1*
INTRODUCTION 738* 7.6.2* TA40, OP5, STRUCTURAL TYPE 738* 7.6.3* RRA120
3, HR30, STRUCTURAL TYPE (AND DERIVATIVE* FETI03, ILMENITE TYPE) 738*
7.6.4* TI02, TP6, STRUCTURAL TYPE (RUTILE) 739* 7.6.5* RE03 CP4,
STRUCTURAL TYPE 741* 7.6.6* CATI03, CP5, STRUCTURAL TYPE (PEROVSKITE)
742* 7.6.7* BEAI20 4, OP28, STRUCTURAL TYPE (CHRYSOBERIL) 743* 7.6.8*
GAMET, YTTRIUM IRON GAMET, CI160, STRUCTURAL TYPE 744* 7.6.9* MGAI20 4,
CF56, STRUCTURAL TYPE (SPINEI) 745* 7.6.10 OLIVINES 747* REFERENCES 748*
APPENDIX 751* INDEX* 757*
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| adam_txt |
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTORY SURVEY CHAPTER 2: PHASE DIAGRAMS IN ALLOY
SYSTEMS CHAPTER 3: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES
CHAPTER 4: INTERMETALLIC REACTIVITY TRENDS IN THE PERIODIC TABLE CHAPTER
5: ELEMENTS OF ALLOYING BEHAVIOUR SYSTEMATICS CHAPTER 6: LABORATORY
PREPARATION OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES CHAPTER 7: FAMILIES OF INTERMETALLIC
STRUCTURE TYPES: A SELECTION CONTENTS EDITORIAL FOREWORD XXIII PREFACE
XXV CHAPTER 1* INTRODUCTORY SURVEY* 1.1. A PRESENTATION OFTHE BOOK AND
REMARKS ON ITS CONTENTS CHAPTER2 PHASE DIAGRAMS IN ALLOY SYSTEMS 2.1.
PRELIMINARY REMARKS* 7* 2.2. SOME CHARACTERISTIC, TVS. X, BINARY PHASE
DIAGRAMS* 8* 2.2.1 MUTUAL SOLID SOLUBI1ITY OFTHE COMPONENT METALS IN
ALLOY SYSTEMS 8* 2.2.1.1* MUTUAL SOLID-STATE SOLUBI1ITY: A SIMPLE
STRUCTURA1* REPRESENTATION - ORDER/DISORDER 10* 2.2.1.2* TRENDS IN
MUTUAL SOLID SOLUBI1ITY 11* 2.2.1.3* E1ECTRONEGATIVITY, MENDE1EEV
NUMBER, MIEDEMA* PARAMETERS 12* 2.2.1.4* PARTIAL MUTUAL SOLUBI1ITY IN
THE SOLID STATE 21* 2.2.2 INTER-CROSSING OF TWO-PHASE EQUI1IBRIA* 22*
2.2.2.1* PHASE RU1E, 'BUI1DING BLOCKS' IN BINARY SYSTEM* DIAGRAMS,
INVARIANT EQUI1IBRIA 24* 2.2.2.2* SOLUBILITY DIAGRAMS: EFFECTS OF
ATOMIC* PROPERTIES ON MUTUAL SOLUBI1ITY 28* 2.2.3 TRENDS IN MUTUAL
LIQUID SOLUBILITIES* 30* 2.2.4 FORMATION OF INTERMEDIATE PHASES IN ALLOY
SYSTEMS 33* 2.2.4.1* TRENDS IN THE FORMATION CAPABILITY OF* BINARY
COMPOUNDS 38* 2.3. EXAMPLES OFMORE COMPLEX PHASE DIAGRAMS* 40* 2.3.1
TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAMS* 41* 2.3.2 VARIABLE PRESSURE PHASE DIAGRAMS* 45*
2.3.2.1* PARTIAL PRESSURE AS A VARIABLE 48* 2.3.3 EQUILIBRIUM AND
REACTION RATE* 51* 2.3.3.1* STAB1E, METASTAB1E AND UNSTAB1E STATES: A*
SIMPLE ANA10GY 54* V VI* CONTENTS 2.3.3.2* SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION 56*
2.4.* REMARKS ON PHASE DIAGRAM DETERMINATION AND EVALUATION 58* 2.4.1*
EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OFPHASE DIAGRAMS 58* 2.4.1.1* POLYTHERMAL
METHODS 59* 2.4.1.2* ISOTHERMAL METHODS 59* 2.4.1.3* RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
AND PROSPECTS OF X-RAY* POWDER DIFFRACTION METHODS 62* 2.4.1.4* THE
DIFFUSION COUPLE TECHNIQUE IN PHASE DIAGRAM* DETERMINATION 64* 2.4.1.5*
THE CHARACTERIZATION AND 3D REPRESENTATION OF* MATERIALS MICROSTRUCTURE
66* 2.4.2* ASSESSMENT AND CALCULATION OF PHASE DIAGRAMS 67* 2.4.2.1*
ASSESSMENT OFPHASE DIAGRAMS 67* 2.4.2.2* CALCULATION, THERMODYNAMIC
OPTIMIZATION OF* PHASE DIAGRAMS 68* REFERENCES 75* CHAPTER3 SRUCTURAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES 3. 1.* PRELIMINARY REMARKS 81*
3.2.* LIQUID INTERMETALLIC PHASES 82* 3.2.1* RECENT INVESTIGATIONS ON
LIQUID ALLOYS 85* 3.3.* INTERMETALLIC COMPOUND CHEMISTRY IN THE SOLID
STATE 87* 3.4.* IDENTIFICATION OFTHE INTERMETALLIC (SOLID) PHASES 88*
3.5.* COMPOSITION AND COMPOSITIONAL FORMULA OFTHE INTERMETALLIC PHASE
89* 3.5.1* ORDER OF CITATION OF ELEMENT SYMBOLS IN THE FORMULA 89*
3.5.2* INDICATION OF CONSTITUENT PROPORTIONS 90* 3.6.* CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
OFTHE SOLID PHASE AND ITS STANDARD REPRESENTATION 94* 3.6.1* GENERAL
REMARKS, UNIT CELL DESCRIPTION 94* 3.6.1.1* CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
NOMENCLATURE (BRAVAIS LATTICES,* CRYSTAL CLASSES, SPACE GROUPS) 96*
3.6.1.2* THE UNIT CELL CONTENT 101* 3.6.1.3* COMMON CRYSTAL-EHEMICAL
FORMULAE. UNIT CELL* VOLUMES AND INTERATOMIC DISTANCES 105* 3.6.2*
SHORTENED VERSION OFTHE STANDARD DESCRIPTION: STRUCTURAL* TYPES 113*
3.6.3* STRUCTURE TYPES AND UNIT CELL PEARSON SYMBOL 115* 3.7.*
ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY DESCRIPTIONS OFTHE CRYSTA1* STRUCTURES OF
THE SOLID PHASES 116* 3.7.1* LATTICE COMPLEXES 116* CONTENTS* VII*
3.7.2* ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTIONS AND SYMBOLS 121* 3.7.3*
COORDINATION AND DIMENSIONALITY SYMBOLS IN THE CRYSTAL* COORDINATION
FORMULA 122* 3.7.3.1* COORDINATION NUMBER AND PACKING GEOMETRY 125*
3.7.4* THE CONCEPT OF COORDINATION NUMBER 126* 3.7.5* ATOMIC ENVIRONMENT
DEFINITION (AND SYMBOLS) AND* CORRESPONDING COORDINATION NUMBERS AND
POLYHEDRA 130* 3.7.6* LAYER STACKING SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION AND SYMBOLS
136* 3.7.7* THE CP4-AUCU3 TYPE: AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF ALTERNATIVE*
AND COMPLEMENTARY STRUCTURAL NOTATIONS AND SYMBOLS 145* 3.7.8* STRUCTURE
TRIVIAL NAMES AND STRUKTURBERICHT SYMBOLS 150* 3.8.* STRUCTURE FAMILIES:
DEGENERATE STRUCTURES, DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES,* 'SUPERSTRUCTURES' 151*
3.8.1* DEFECT AND FILLED-UP DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES 155* 3.8.1.1*
TETRAHEDRAL AND OCTAHEDRAL HOLES IN CLOSE- PACKED STRUCTURES 156* 3.8.2*
ORDER-DISORDER TRANSFORMATION 158* 3.8.3* EXAMPLES OF SUBSTITUTIONAL
SUPERSTRUCTURES 160* 3.8.4* EXAMPLES OF INTERSTITIAL SUPERSTRUCTURES:
HAEGG PHASES 162* 3.8.4.1* INTERSTITIAL HYDRIDES 162* 3.8.4.2*
INTERSTITIAL CARBIDES AND NITRIDES 164* 3.8.4.3* HAEGG RULES 165*
3.8.4.4* MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES OF INTERSTITIAL* SUPERSTRUCTURES 166*
3.8.5* REMARKS ABOUT A 'SECOND KIND' OF SUPERSTRUCTURES 167* 3.9.*
STRUCTURE FAMILIES: 'RECOMBINATION STRUCTURES', MODULAR ASPECTS* OF
CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 168* 3.9.1* MODULAR ASPECTS OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES
168* 3.9.2* HOMEOTECT STRUCTURE TYPES, POLYTYPIC STRUCTURES 170*
3.9.2.1* CLOSE-PACKED ELEMENT STRUCTURE TYPES 171* 3.9.2.2* EQUIATOMIC
TETRAHEDRAL STRUCTURE TYPES* (CARBORUNDUM STRUCTURE TYPES) 171* 3.9.2.3*
LAVES PHASES 171* 3.9.2.4* A FEW GENERAL REMARKS ABOUT HOMEOTECT
STRUCTURES 172* 3.9.3* ASSEMBLY OFPOLYHEDRA 173* 3.9.3.1* TETRAHEDRALLY
CLOSE-PACKED STRUCTURES.* FRANK-ICASPERSTRUCTURES 174* 3.9.3.2*
STRUCTURES BASED ON FRAMEWORKS OF FUSED* POLYHEDRA: SAMSON PHASES 184*
3.9.4* RECOMBINATION STRUCTURES, INTERGROWTH STRUCTURE SERIES 185* VIII*
CONTENTS 3.10.* GROUP-SUBGROUP RELATIONS BETWEEN SPACE GROUPS FOR THE*
REPRESENTATION OF CRYSTA1-{;HEMICAL RELATIONSHIPS 189* 3.11.*
QUASI-PERIODIC CRYSTALS 190* 3.11.1* MODULATED STRUCTURES 190* 3.11.2
COMPOSITE CRYSTALS* 193* 3.11.2.1* NOWOTNY PHASES, CHIMNEY-LADDER
STRUCTURES 193* 3.11.2.2* COMBINATION OF COMMENSURATE AND*
INCOMMENSURATE PERIODIC 'SUBSTRUCTURES' 197* 3.1 1.3 QUASICRYSTALS* 198*
3.11.3.1* NOTES ON THE CRYSTALLOGRAPHY OF QUASI- PERIODIC STRUCTURES
200* 3.11.3.2* TYPES OF QUASICRYSTALS AND EXAMP1ES OF ALLOY* SYSTEMS
SHOWING THEIR FORMATION 203* 3.11.3.3* STRUCTURAL RELATIONS BETWEEN
QUASICRYSTALS AND* OTHER INTERMETALLIC PHASES 204* 3.12.* AMORPHOUS
ALLOYS, METALLIC GLASSES 206* 3.12.1* STRUCTURE OFMETALLIC GLASSES 209*
3.12.2 EXAMPLES OFMETALLIC SYSTEMS WITH GLASS-FORMING* CAPABILITY 211*
REFERENCES 212* CHAPTER4 INTERMETALLIC REAETIVITY TRENDS IN THE PERIODIE
TAB1E 4.1.* INTRODUCTION 219* 4.2.* THE PERIODIC TABLE AND ITS STRUCTURE
219* 4.2.1* THE PERIODIC TABLE AND THE ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS OFTHE*
ELEMENTS 219* 4.2.1.1* REMARKS ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE
223* 4.2.1.2* THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OFTHE ATOMS 224* 4.2.2* BLOCKS
AND SUBDIVISIONS OF THE PERIODIC TAB1E 228* 4.2.2.1* 'BLOCKS' OFTHE
PERIODIC TABLE 228* 4.2.2.2* COMMENTS ON SOME TRENDS AND ON THE
'DIVIDES'* IN THE PERIODIC TAB1E 229* 4.2.2.3* 'GEOCHEMICAL' SUBDIVISION
OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE 233* 4.2.2.4* SUPERCONDUCTING ELEMENTS IN THE
PERIODIC TABLE 235* 4.2.2.5* 'TECHNOLOGICAL' SUBDIVISION OFTHE PERIODIC
TABLE 235* 4.3.* TRENDS IN THE PERIODIC TAB1E: THE RO1E OFTHE ATOMIC
DIMENSIONS* AS A FACTOR CONTROLLING THE STRUCTURE OF INTERMETALLIC
PHASES 236* CONTENTS* IX* 4.3.1* LNTRODUCTION 236* 4.3.2* ATOMIC
DIMENSIONS, INTERATOMIC DISTANCES IN THE* INTERMETALLIC PHASES 238*
4.3.2.1* ATOMIC RADII AND VOLUMES. (PAULING'S RULE,* VEGARD'S AND
BILTZ-ZEN'S FORMULAE) 238* 4.3.2.2* RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN .LFORMVAND
.LFORMH* FOR SELECTED GROUPS OF ALLOYS. GSCHNEIDNER'S* FORMULAE 243*
4.3.2.3* ATOMIC DIMENSIONS AND AN EXAMPLE OF STABILITY* MULTI-DIAGRAMS
244* 4.3.2.4* PARTIAL MOLAR (ATOMIC) VOLUME 251* 4.3.2.5* GEOMETRICAL
CONSIDERATIONS ABOUT INTERMETALLIC* CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 254* 4.4.*
REMARKS ON THE CHEMICAL BOND FACTOR AND VALENCE-ELECTRON* COUNTING RULES
262* 4.4.1* INTRODUCTION 262* 4.4.2* NORMAL VALENCE COMPOUND RULE 263*
4.4.2.1* 'TETRAHEDRAL STRUCTURES' 264* 4.4.2.2* VALENCE COMPOUNDS: NOTES
FOR A CLASSIFICATION* (VEC AND PARTIAL VEC) 265* 4.4.3* POLYANIONIC
COMPOUNDS 267* 4.4.3.1* ZINTL PHASES: AN INTRODUCTION 267* 4.4.3.2*
ZINTL PHASES: REMARKS ON THEIR DEFINITION 269* 4.4.4* 'CLUSTER'
COMPOUNDS 271* 4.4.4.1* CLUSTER COMPOUNDS: INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 271*
4.4.4.2* CLUSTER COMPOUNDS AND REMARKS ON THE* '2E, 2C BONDING SCHEME'
273* 4.4.4.3* WADE ELECTRON COUNTING RULES: BORANE-LIKE* CLUSTER
NOMENCLATURE 275* 4.4.4.4* ELECTRON-PRECISE, ELECTRON-DEFICIENT AND*
ELECTRON-RICH CLUSTERS 278* 4.4.4.5* LNTERSTITIAL ATOMS IN CLUSTERS 278*
4.4.4.6* CONDENSED AND HIGH NUCLEARITY CLUSTER* COMPOUNDS 279* 4.4.4.7*
FROM CLUSTERS TOWARDS SOLID STATE* INTERMETALLICS 281* 4.4.4.8* PROBLEMS
IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN COMPLEX* INTERMETALLIC ALLOYS AND CLUSTERS 291*
4.4.4.9* THERMOCHEMISTRY OF CLUSTER COMPOUNDS 293* X* CONTENTS 4.4.5*
'HUME-ROTHERY PHASES' AND VEC 296* 4.4.6* VEC AND STABILITY
MULTI-DIAGRAMS. BREWER DIAGRAMS 299* 4.4.7* NEW DEVELOPMENTS IN
ELECTRONIC COUNTING IN INTERMETALLIC* COMPOUNDS 306* 4.4.7.1 STABILITY
MAPS AND CORRELATION DIAGRAMS 307* REFERENCES 312* CHAPTER5 ELEMENTS OF
AILOYING BEHAVIOUR SYSTEMATICS 5.1.* INTRODUCTORY NOTES 319* 5.1.1*
SYMBOLS AND NOMENCLATURE 320* 5.2.* ALLOYS OFHYDROGEN 323* 5.2.1*
INTRODUCTION 323* 5.2.2* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFHYDROGEN 325*
5.2.2.1* REMARKS ON THE SYSTEMATICS OFHYDROGEN* REACTIVITY WITH THE
ELEMENTS 325* 5.2.2.2* EXAMPLES OFPHASE DIAGRAMS OFMETAL-HYDROGEN*
SYSTEMS 329* 5.2.2.3* COMRNENTS ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OFTYPICAL*
HYDROGEN-METAL PHASES 331* 5.2.2.4* NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OF METAL
HYDRIDES 331* 5.3.* ALLOYS OFTHE ALKALI METALS (1ST GROUP METALS) (LI,
NA, K, RB, CS, FR) 335* 5.3.1* INTRODUCTION 335* 5.3.2* THE ALKALI
METALS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 338* 5.3.3*
THE ALKALI METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL CHEMICAL* PROPERTIES AND
REACTIVITY 340* 5.3.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE ALKALI METALS 341*
5.3.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OFALKALI METAL ALLOYS 341* 5.3.4.2* MELTING
POINT TREND IN THE BINARY ALKALI METAL* ALLOYS 343* 5.3.4.3* REMARKS ON
THE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OFTHE ALKALI* META1ALLOYS 344* 5.3.4.4* A GLANCE
THROUGH COMPLEX INTERMETALLIC* COMPOUNDS OF THE ALKALI METALS 344* 5.4.*
ALLOYS OFTHE ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND OFTHE 'DIVALENT' RARE* EARTH
METALS (CA, SR, BA, RA, EU, VB) 347* 5.4.1* INTRODUCTION 347* 5.4.2* THE
ALKALI EARTH METALS AND EU AND VB: A SUMMARY OF* THEIR ATOMIC AND
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 350* CONTENTS* XL 5.4.3* THE ALKALI EARTH METALS AND
EU AND VB: REMARKS ABOUT* THEIR GENERAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND
REACTIVITY 350* 5.4.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE ALKALINE EARTH
METALS AND* OFEU ANDYB 351* 5.4.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE ALKALINE
EARTH METALS AND* OFEU ANDYB 351* 5.4.4.2* MELTING POINT TREND IN THE
BINARY ALKALINE EARTH* METAL ALLOYS 352* 5.4.4.3* REMARKS ON THE CRYSTAL
CHEMISTRY OF THE ALLOYS* OF THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS AND OF EU AND YB
353* 5.5.* ALLOYS OFTHE METALS OFTHE 3RD GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE*
(SC, Y, LA, LN, AC, AN) 356* 5.5.1* INTRODUCTION 356* 5.5.2* LANTHANIDE
AND ACTINIDE CONCEPT, LANTHANIDE CONTRACTION 357* 5.5.3* RARE EARTH
METALS 359* 5.5.3.1* RARE EARTH METALS: OCCURRENCE AND PREPARATION 361*
5.5.4* ACTINIDES 362* 5.5.4.1* ACTINIDES: OCCURRENCE AND PREPARATION
365* 5.5.5* THE 3RD GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY OF THEIR ATOMIC AND*
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 366* 5.5.5.1* THE RARE EARTH METALS 366* 5.5.5.2*
THE ACTINIDES 370* 5.5.6* THE 3RD GROUP METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR
GENERAL* CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 370* 5.5.6.1* THE RARE EARTH
METALS 370* 5.5.6.2* THE ACTINIDES 376* 5.5.7* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
OFTHE 3RD GROUP METALS 377* 5.5.7.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 3RD GROUP
METALS 377* 5.5.7.2* REMARKS ON THE STABILITY OFTHE BINARY ALLOYS* OFTHE
3RD GROUP METALS (MELTING POINT AND* FORMATION ENTHALPY TRENDS) 383*
5.5.7.3* FURTHER REMARKS ON THE ACTINIDE ALLOYS 387* 5.5.7.4* REMARKS ON
THE CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OFTHE ALLOYS* OFTHE 3RD GROUP METALS 390* 5.6.*
ALLOYS OFTHE METALS OFTHE 4TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE* (TI, ZR, HF)
393* 5.6.1* INTRODUCTION 393* 5.6.2* THE 4TH GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY
OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 394* 5.6.3* THE 4TH GROUP
METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY
395* XLL* CONTENTS 5.6.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 4TH GROUP
METALS 396* 5.6.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OFTHE 4TH GROUP METALS 396* 5.6.4.2*
MELTING POINT TREND IN THE BINARY ALLOYS OFTHE* 4TH GROUP METALS 398*
5.6.4.3* REMARKS ON THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE* 4TH GROUP METALS
400* 5.6.4.4* NOTES ON THE APPLICATIONS OFTHE 4TH GROUP METALS 402*
5.7.* ALLOYS OFTHE METALS OFTHE 5TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE (Y, NB,
TA) 404* 5.7.1* INTRODUCTION 404* 5.7.2* THE 5TH GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY
OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 406* 5.7.3* THE 5TH GROUP
METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMIEAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY
406* 5.7.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE 5TH GROUP METALS 407* 5.7.4.1*
PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 5TH GROUP METALS 407* 5.7.4.2* MELTING POINT TREND
IN THE BINARY ALLOYS OF* THE 5TH GROUP METALS 408* 5.7.4.3* REMARKS ON
THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE* 5TH GROUP METALS 409* 5.8.* ALLOYS
OFTHE METALS OFTHE 6TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE* (CR, MO, W) 413*
5.8.1* LNTRODUCTION 413* 5.8.2* THE 6TH GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR
ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 415* 5.8.3* THE 6TH GROUP METALS:
REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 417*
5.8.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 6TH GROUP METALS 417* 5.8.4.1*
PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 6TH GROUP METALS 417* 5.8.4.2* REMARKS ON THE
MELTING POINT TRENDS IN THE* BINARY ALLOYS OF THE 6TH GROUP METALS 417*
5.8.4.3* NOTES ON THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OFTHE* 6TH GROUP METALS
418* 5.9.* ALLOYS OFTHE METALS OFTHE 7TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE*
(MN, TC, RE) 421* 5.9.1* INTRODUCTION 421* 5.9.2* THE 7TH GROUP METALS:
A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 423* 5.9.3* THE 7TH
GROUP METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND
REACTIVITY 423* CONTENTS* X111 5.9.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 7TH
GROUP METALS 425* 5.9.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 7TH GROUP METALS 425*
5.9.4.2* REMARKS ON THE ALLOY CRYSTA1 CHEMISTRY* OF THE 7TH GROUP METALS
425* 5.10.* ALLOYS OF THE METALS OF THE 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH GROUPS OF THE*
PERIODIC TAB1E (FE, CO, NI, RU, OS, RH, IR, PD, PT) 429* 5.10.1*
INTRODUCTION 429* 5.10.1.1* METALS OF THE IRON FAMI1Y 429* 5.10.1.2*
METALS OFTHE P1ATINUM FAMI1Y 430* 5.10.1.3* P1ATINUM FAMI1Y METALS
PREPARATION 431* 5.10.2 THE METALS OF THE 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH GROUPS: A
SUMMARY* OF THEIR ATOMIC AND PHYSICA1 PROPERTIES 432* 5.10.3* THE METALS
OF THE 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH GROUPS: REMARKS* ABOUT THEIR GENERAL CHEMICA1
PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 432* 5.10.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE
METALS OFTHE 8TH, 9TH* AND 10TH GROUPS: GENERAL REMARKS 435* 5.10.4.1*
PHASE DIAGRAMS OFTHE IRON FAMI1Y METALS 439* 5.10.4.2* PHASE DIAGRAMS
OFTHE P1ATINUM FAMI1Y* METALS 439* 5.10.4.3* REMARKS ON THE ALLOYS
CRYSTA1 CHEMISTRY OF* THE METALS OF THE 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH GROUPS 439*
5.10.4.4* NOTES ON THE APPLICATION OFTHE METALS OFTHE* 8TH, 9TH AND 10TH
GROUPS AND THEIR ALLOYS 448* 5.10.4.5* IRON AND STEE1: STEE1 PRODUCTION,
THE FE-C* PHASE DIAGRAM, TTT DIAGRAMS, MARTENSITE 450* 5.11.* ALLOYS OF
THE METALS OF THE 11 TH GROUP OF THE PERIODIC TAB1E* (CU, AG, AU) 457*
5.11.1* INTRODUCTION 457* 5.11.2 THE 11TH GROUP METALS: A SUMMARY
OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICA1 PROPERTIES 459* 5.11.3* THE 11TH GROUP
METALS: REMARKS ABOUT THEIR GENERAL* CHEMICA1 PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY
460* 5.11.4* INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 11 TH GROUP METALS 460*
5.11.4.1* PHASE DIAGRAMS OF THE 11TH GROUP METALS 460* 5.11.4.2* REMARKS
ON THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF THE* 11 TH GROUP METALS 464* 5.11.4.3*
NOTES ON THE APP1ICATIONS OF THE ALLOYS OF THE* 11 TH GROUP METALS 466*
XIV CONTENTS 5.12. ALLOYS OFBE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG 467 5.12.1
INTRODUCTION 467 5.12.2 BE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC
AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 469 5.12.3 BE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG: REMARKS ABOUT
THEIR GENERAL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 470 5.12.4
INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFBE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG 471 5.12.4.1 PHASE
DIAGRAMS OFTHE BE, MG, ZN, CD AND HG ALLOYS 471 5.12.4.2 REMARKS ON THE
MELTING POINT TRENDS IN THE BINARY ALLOYS OFBE, MG AND OFTHE 12TH GROUP
METALS 473 5.12.4.3 REMARKS ON THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF SELECTED ALLOYS
OFBE, MG AND OFTHE 12TH GROUP METALS 473 5.12.4.4 NOTES ON THE
APPLICATION OFBE, MG, ZN, CD, AND HG ALLOYS 476 5.12.4.5 MAGNESIUM
ALLOYS: STANDARD ASTM ALLOY DESIGNATION 478 5.13. ALLOYS OFTHE ELEMENTS
OFTHE 13TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE (B, AI, GA, IN, TL) 479 5.13.1
INTRODUCTION 479 5.13.2 B, AI, GA, IN, TI: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 482 5.13.3 THE 13TH GROUP ELEMENTS: REMARKS ABOUT
THEIR GENERAL CHEMIEAL PROPERTIES AND REACTIVITY 484 5.13.4
INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 13TH GROUP ELEMENTS 485 5.13.4.1 PHASE
DIAGRAMS OFTHE 13TH GROUP ELEMENTS 485 5.13.4.2 REMARKS ON THE CRYSTAL
CHEMISTRY OFTHE TRIEL ELEMENTS (AI, GA, IN, TL) 486 5.13.4.3 NOTES ON
THE APPLICATIONS OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 491 5.13.4.4 REMARKS ON SOME
COMMERCIAL ALUMINIUM ALLOYS 492 5.14. ALLOYS OFTHE ELEMENTS OFTHE 14TH
GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE (C, SI, GE, SN, PB) 494 5.14.1 INTRODUCTION
494 5.14.2 THE 14TH GROUP ELEMENTS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 500 5.14.3 INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE 14TH GROUP
ELEMENTS 501 5.14.3.1 PHASE DIAGRAMS OFTHE 14TH GROUP ELEMENTS 501
5.14.3.2 REMARKS ON THE ALLOY CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OFTHE 14TH GROUP
ELEMENTS 502 CONTENTS* XV* 5.14.3.3* NOTES ON SOME PECULIAR APPLICATIONS
OF DIAMOND 505* 5.14.3.4* JOINING PROCESSES: TIN-CONTAINING SOFT SOLDERS
506* 5.15.* ALLOYS OFTHE ELEMENTS OFTHE 15TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE*
(N, P, AS, SB, BI) 507* 5.15.1* INTRODUCTION 507* 5.15.2 THE 15TH GROUP
ELEMENTS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 509* 5.15.3
INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF THE 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS 509* 5.15.3.1* PHASE
DIAGRAMS OF THE 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS 509* 5.15.3.2 NOTES ON THE CRYSTAL
CHEMISTRY OF SELECTED* ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS OFTHE 15TH GROUP ELEMENTS
510* 5.16.* ALLOYS OFTHE ELEMENTS OFTHE 16TH GROUP OFTHE PERIODIC TABLE*
(O,S, SE, TE, PO) 514* 5.16.1* INTRODUCTION 514* 5.16.2 THE 16TH GROUP
ELEMENTS: A SUMMARY OFTHEIR ATOMIC AND* PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 516* 5.16.3*
INTERMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OFTHE 16TH GROUP ELEMENTS 516* 5.16.3.1* PHASE
DIAGRAMS OFTHE 16TH GROUP ELEMENTS 516* 5.16.3.2* A FEW NOTES ABOUT
SIMPLE BINARY COMPOUNDS OF* THE 16TH GROUP ELEMENTS 517* 5.17.* GENERAL
REMARKS ON THE SYSTEMATICS OF THE BINARY ALLOYS OF THE METALS 520* 5.18.
COMPLEX ALLOYS: A FEW NOTES AND REMARKS ABOUT THEIR SYSTEMATICS 522*
REFERENCES 524* CHAPTER6 LABORATORY PREPARATION OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES
6.1.* INTRODUCTION 531* 6.2.* NOTES ABOUT PROCEDURES AND INSTRUMENTS
FREQUENTLY USED IN AN* INTERMETALLIC CHEMICALLABORATORY 531* 6.2.1*
HEATING, THERMAL TREATMENTS 531* 6.2.1.1* LABORATORY FURNACES 532*
6.2.1.2* CRUCIBLES, REFRACTORY MATERIALS 539* 6.2.2* MISCELLANEOUS,
SPECIAL PROCESSING TECHNIQUES AND HEAT* TREATMENTS 542* 6.2.2.1*
QUENCHING (FROM THE SOLID STATE) 544* 6.2.2.2* SUPER-QUENCHING
(QUENCHING FROM THE LIQUID) 545* 6.2.2.3* THIXOFORMING, SEMI-SOLID
PROCESSING 546* 6.2.2.4* TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS 546* 6.2.3* LABORATORY
EQUIPMENT: A FEW ADDITIONAL REMARKS 551* 6.3. PURITY PROBLEMS, THE ROLE
OF IMPURITIES* 552* 6.3.1* INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 552* 6.3.2* FORMATION OF
IMPURITY-STABILIZED PHASES 553* 6.3.3* EXAMPLES OF PREPARATION OF
HIGH-PURITY MATERIALS 553* 6.3.3.1* SILICON 553* 6.3.3.2* RARE EARTH
METALS 554* 6.3.4* EFFECTS OF IMPURITIES ON ALLOY PROPERTIES AND ON THE*
SYNTHESIS CONTROL 556* 6.3.5* EFFECTS OF INTERSTITIAL IMPURITIES ON
PHASE EQUILIBRIA 560* 6.4. DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF THE INTERMETALLIC PHASES*
560* 6.4.1* INTRODUCTION 560* 6.4.2* MELTING (REACTION IN THE LIQUID
STATE) 561* 6.4.2.1* EXAMPLES OF REACTIONS AND SYNTHESIS BY MELTING 563*
6.4.3* HIGH-TEMPERATURE LIQUID INTERMETALLIC SOLUTION GROWTH OF* SINGLE
CRYSTALS AND QUASICRYSTALS 565* 6.4.4* SOLID-STATE SYNTHESIS 566*
6.4.4.1* DIRECT SYNTHESIS FROM COMPONENT POWDERS 566* 6.4.4.2* DIRECT
SYNTHESIS FROM THE SOLID COMPONENTS BY* 'MECHANICAL ALLOYING' 567*
6.4.4.3* COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS 569* 6.4.4.4* FIELD-ACTIVATED,
SELF-PROPAGATING, HIGH- TEMPERATURE SYNTHESIS 573* 6.4.4.5* CO-REDUCTION
OF MIXED OXIDES 573* 6.4.4.6* FAST, SOLID STATE, MICROWAVE-ASSISTED,
SYNTHESIS 573* 6.4.4.7* 'EXTRACTION' OF A PHASE FROM A MIXTURE 574* 6.5.
SYNTHESIS IN SOLVENTS (UNDER FLUXES)* 575* 6.5.1* SYNTHESIS OF
INTERMETALLIC PHASES IN LIQUID SODIUM 577* 6.5.2* SYNTHESIS IN MERCURY
SOLUTION 577* 6.5.3* SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID ALUMINIUM 578* 6.5.3.1* AL AS
SOLVENT: THE SYNTHESIS OFBERYLLIDES AS* AN EXAMPLE 578* 6.5.3.2*
SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID AL: AL AS A REACTIVE SOLVENT 578* 6.5.4* SYNTHESIS
IN LIQUID GALLIUM (REACTIVE SOLVENT) 579* 6.5.5* SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID
INDIUM 579* 6.5.6* SYNTHESIS IN TIN FLUX 580* 6.5.7* SYNTHESIS IN LEAD
FLUX 580* 6.5.8* SINGLE-CRYSTAL PREPARATION AND GROWTH BY NACIIKCL FLUX*
REACTION 581* 6.5.9* SYNTHESIS IN ALKALI CHALCOGENIDE REACTIVE FLUX 581*
6.5.10* SYNTHESIS IN ALKALI POLY-CHALCOGENIDE FLUX 581* 6.5.11*
SYNTHESIS IN LIQUID NH3 582* 6.6. REACTIONS WITH THE GAS PHASE* 582*
6.6.1* PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION 582* 6.6.2* CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION
583* 6.6.3* VAPOUR PHASE TRANSPORT 584* 6.6.4* CHEMICAL TRANSPORT
REACTIONS AS A NEW VARIANT OF THE PHASE* COMPOSITION CONTROL 585* 6.6.5*
SINGLE-CRYSTAL PREPARATION BY MEANS OF CHEMICAL TRANSPORT* REACTIONS.
(NI-SN-S COMPOUNDS AS AN EXAMPLE) 585* 6.6.6* SYNTHESIS OF METASTABLE AL
AND GA MONOHALIDE SOLUTIONS* AND SUBSEQUENT PREPARATION OFLARGE AL AND
GA CLUSTERS 586* 6.7.* SYNTHESIS OF INTERMETALLIC PHASES BY EXCHANGE
REACTIONS* (METATHESIS REACTIONS) 586* 6.7.1* METATHESIS (EXCHANGE)
REACTIONS 587* 6.7.1.1* SOLID-STATE METATHESIS REACTIONS 587* 6.7.1.2*
METATHESIS REACTIONS IN SOLUTION 589* 6.7.2* COUPLED REDUCTIONS 589*
6.7.2.1* OXIDE COUPLED REDUCTION WITH A METAL AND* HYDROGEN 589*
6.7.2.2* PREPARATION OF 'BASE' METALS BY COUPLED* REDUCTION WITH
PLATINUM GROUP METALS 590* 6.7.2.3* OXIDE COUPLED REDUCTION WITH BORON
AND SULPHUR 590* 6.8.* ELECTRODEPOSITION AND ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION
(ELECTROWINNING) 591* 6.8.1* ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION 591* 6.8.2*
ELECTRODEPOSITION OF ALLOYS. AG-BI ALLOYS AS AN EXAMPLE* OF ELECTRO
CO-DEPOSITION 591* 6.8.3* PREPARATION OF AMALGAMS: ELECTROCHEMICAL
REDUCTION ON AN* HG CATHODE 592* 6.8.4* PREPARATION OFTRANSITION METAL
COMPOUNDS WITH NON-METALS* BY ELECTROLYTIC REDUCTION OF FUSED SALTS 592*
6.9.* SPECIAL TECHNIQUES 593* 6.9.1* SONO-CHEMICAL TECHNIQUES 593*
6.9.2* SHOCK-INDUCED AND SHOCK-ASSISTED REACTIONS IN POWDER* MIXTURES
594* 6.9.3* SPUTTERING 594* 6.9.4* PULSED LASER ABLATION DEPOSITION
TECHNIQUE (PLAD* TECHNIQUE) 595* 6.10.* SYNTHESIS OF NANO-STRUCTURED
METALS AND ALLOYS 595* 6.1 0.1 SYNTHESIS OF NANO-STRUCTURED ALLOYS BY
THE INERT GAS* EVAPORATION TECHNIQUE 597* 6.10.2 SYNTHESIS
OFNANO-STRUCTURED ALLOYS VIA MECHANICAL* DEFORMATION 597* 6.10.3*
'PRECURSOR' PREPARATION BY SOLUTION CHEMISTRY 597* 6.10.4 SYNTHESIS OF
NANO-STRUCTURED ALLOYS BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR* DEPOSITION AND CHEMICAL
VAPOUR CONDENSATION 598* 6.10.5* SYNTHESIS OF NANO-STRUCTURED ALLOYS
FROM ORGANOMETALLICS 598* 6.10.6* 'NANOWIRES' 598* 6.10.7*
'NANO-STRUCTURES': COMMENTS ON AN EXAMPLE OF* EXTREME MICROSTRUCTURE
599* 6.11.* EXAMPLES OF PREPARATION ROUTES OF GROUPS OF COMPOUNDS WITH*
NON-METALS 600* 6.11.1* BORIDES 600* 6.11.1.1* BOROTHERMIC REDUCTION OF
OXIDES ENHANCED BY* ELECTRON-BEAM BOMBARDMENT 602* 6.11.1.2* BORIDES
FROM METALLIC FLUXES 602* 6.11.1.3* APPLICATION OF CARBO-THERMAL
REDUCTION 602* 6.11.2* CARBIDES 603* 6.11.3* PHOSPHIDES AND
POLYPHOSPHIDES 604* 6.12.* THE SYNTHESIS OFINAS: EXAMPLES OFALTERNATIVE
ROUTES OFPREPARATION 606* 6.12.1* INTRODUCTION 606* 6.12.2 PREPARATION
OF INAS BY DIRECT SYNTHESIS FROM THE ELEMENTS 607* 6.12.3* INAS
EQUILIBRIUM WITH THE LIQUID 607* 6.12.4 SYNTHESIS OFINAS (AND III-V
SEMICONDUCTORS) BY* SOLID-STATE METATHESIS 607* 6.12.5* SYNTHESIS OFINAS
BY REACTION OFINDIUM HALIDES 608* 6.12.6 SYNTHESIS OFINAS BY
HYDROTHERMAL ROUTE* 608* 6.12.7 SINGLE SOURCE PRECURSORS IN THE
SYNTHESIS OF TRIELS* MONOPICTIDES 609* 6.12.8 THE LIQUID-ENCAPSULATED
CZOCHRALSKI PROCESS AND THE* GROWTH OFIII-V CRYSTALS 609* REFERENCES
610* CHAPTER 7* FAMILIES OF INTERMETALLIC STRUCTURE TYPES: A SELECTION
7.1.* INTRODUCTION AND STATISTICAL REMARKS 617* 7.2.* A PROTOTYPE
DIRECTORY OF SELECTED INTERMETALLIC STRUCTURES 620* 7.2.1* ON THE
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATIONS OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURES 623* 7.2.1.1* STRUCTURE
AND STRUCTURE COMPONENT SECTIONS:* THE TI2-APA, EI2-W, CF8-ZNS AND
TI8-NBAS* TYPES AS EXAMPLES 623* CONTENTS* XIX* 7.2.1.2* STRUCTURE AND
STRUCTURE COMPONENT PROJECTIONS:* THE CP1-PO, CI2-W AND HP3-AIB2TYPE
STRUCTURES* AS EXAMPLES 625* 7.2.2* EXAMPLES OF COMMON STRUCTURE TYPES
AND OF THEIR* CHARACTERISTIC FRAGMENTS 626* 7.2.3* POLYHEDRA PROJECTIONS
630* 7.3. UNARY STRUCTURES* 632* 7.3.1* GENERAL REMARKS 632* 7.3.2*
METALLIC ELEMENT STRUCTURES 633* 7.3.2.1* THE C1OSE-PACKED ELEMENT
STRUCTURE TYPES* (MG, CU, LA, SM TYPES) AND SIMPLE DERIVATIVE* TYPES
633* 7.3.2.2* THE BODY-CENTRED CUBIC W-TYPE STRUCTURE 637* 7.3.2.3* TWO
BODY-CENTRED TETRAGONAL STRUCTURES* (LN- AND APA-TYPE STRUCTURES) 639*
7.3.2.4* SPECIAL STRUCTURAL TYPES OF SELECTED METALS 639* 7.3.2.5* A FEW
COMMENTS ABOUT URANIUM AND PLUTONIUM* ELEMENTAL STRUCTURES 642* 7.3.3* A
SE1ECTION OF NON-METALLIC ELEMENTAL STRUCTURES 643* 7.3.3.1* BORON:
REMARKS ON ITS CRYSTA1 STRUCTURE 643* 7.3.3.2* THE 8 - EAT RULE 644*
7.3.3.3* TYPICAL STRUCTURES OF ELEMENTS OFTHE 15TH* GROUP (AS, SB, BI)
648* 7.3.3.3.1 AS, HR6, STRUCTURAL TYPE* 648* 7.3.3.4* COMMENTS ON OTHER
STRUCTURES OF 15TH* GROUP ELEMENTS 649* 7.3.3.5* TYPICAL STRUCTURES OF
16TH GROUP ELEMENTS 650* 7.3.3.6* REMARKS ON THE STRUCTURES OF 17TH
GROUP* ELEMENTS (12) 651* 7.4. BINARY STRUCTURES: A SELECTION OF COMMON
PROTOTYPES* 652* 7.4.1* PRELIMINARY REMARKS 652* 7.4.2* SIMPLE 1: 1
PROTOTYPES AND DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES 653* 7.4.2.1* INTRODUCTION 653*
7.4.2.2* CP2-CSCI, CF8-NACI AND CF I6-NATI TYPES* AND NATL-RELATED
STRUCTURES 653* 7.4.2.3* SIMPLE BINARY TETRAHEDRAL STRUCTURES AND*
POLYTYPES (ZNS-SPHALERITE, CF8-ZNS AND* ZNS-WURTZITE, HP4-ZNUE,
STRUCTURAL TYPES) 658* 7.4.2.4* HP2-WC AND HP4-NIAS TYPES AND EXAMPLES
OF* NIAS-DERIVATIVE STRUCTURES 662* XX 7.4.2.7* OS16-CEAL AND OP16-DYAL
STRUCTURE TYPES 669* 7.4.2.8* FESI, CP8, STRUCTURAL TYPE 671* CONTENTS
7.4.2.9 7.4.2.6 7.4.2.5 OS8-CRB AND OP8-FEB STRUCTURE TYPES (TWO*
TRIANGULAR PRISM-BASED STRUCTURES, SIMILAR IN* COORDINATION) 666*
AUCU(I), TP2, AND AUCU(II), 0140, STRUCTURAL TYPES* (ORDERED DERIVATIVES
IN THE CU-AU SYSTEM) 668* THE TI8-NBAS TYPE (AND RELATED STRUCTURES)
AND* THE TI8-NBP TYPE 671* 7.4.3 REMARKS ON STRUCTURES OF SOME 1:2
COMPOUNDS* 673* 7.4.3.1* INTRODUCTION 673* 7.4.3.2* CAF2TYPE (AND ITS
ORDERED AGMGAS-DERIVATIVE* STRUCTURE) 674* 7.4.3.3* LAVES PHASES 676*
7.4.3.4* TI6-CAC2 AND MOSIRTYPE STRUCTURES 680* 7.4.3.5* 0112, CECU2 AND
KHG2 STRUCTURAL DESCRIPTIONS* (AN EXERCISE ON ISOTYPISM AND
'NORMALIZATION'* OF CRYSTAL STRUCTURE DATA) 680* 7.4.3.6* C02SI (PBCI2),
OP12, AND TINISI, OP12,* STRUCTURAL TYPES 683* 7.4.3.7* CUAI20 TIL2,
STRUCTURAL TYPE 685* 7.4.3.8* CU2SB, TP6, STRUCTURAL TYPE 685* 7.4.3.9*
FE2P' HP9, STRUCTURAL TYPE 686* 7.4.3.10* TISI20 OF24, STRUCTURAL TYPE
687* 7.4.3.11* UPT20 OS 12, STRUCTURAL TYPE 687* 7.4.3.12* MOPT2, 016,
STRUCTURAL TYPE 687* 7.4.3.13* FES2, CP12, STRUCTURAL TYPE (PYRITE) 688*
7.4.3.14* THEAIB2, HP3, TYPE AND ITS STRUCTURAL FAMILY 688* 7.4.3.15*
ATHSI20 T112, AND LAPTSI, TIL2, STRUCTURAL TYPES 697* 7.4.3.16* RGE2-X
(RARE EARTH 'DIGERMANIDES'): AN EXAMPLE* OF A FAMILY OF COMPOUNDS WITH
STRUCTURES* RELATED TO THE 'COORDINATION SIMILAR' AIB2 AND* THSI2 TYPES
701* 7.4.4 EXAMPLES OF STRUCTURE TYPES WITH A 1:3 STOICHIOMETRY 703*
7.4.4.1* INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 703* 7.4.4.2 A POLYTYPIC STRUCTURE FAMILY
CONSISTING OF* CLOSE-PACKED STACKING OF LAYERS COMPOSED* OFTRIANGULAR
AND KAGOME NETS (THE* HP8-NI3SN, CP4-AUCU3, HPI6-TINI3,* HP24-VC03,
HP24-PUA13 AND* HR36-BAPB3, TYPES) 703* CONTENTS* XXL 7.4.4.3* THE
SSTICU3' OP8, STRUCTURAL TYPE (A NI3SN-TYPE* RELATED STRUCTURE) 708*
7.4.4.4* THE TP4-TI3CU, TI8-TIAI3 AND TI16-ZRAI3TYPE* STRUCTURES:
TETRAGONAL DERIVATIVES OFTHE CP4- AUCU3 TYPE 709* 7.4.4.5* CR3SI, CP8,
STRUCTURAL TYPE: AN EXAMPLE OF* 'TETRAHEDRALLY CLOSE-PACKED' PHASES 711*
7.4.4.6* NA3AS, HP8, STRUCTURAL TYPE (AND THE 'BOND* FACTOR') 712*
7.4.4.7* FE3CO, P16, STRUCTURAL TYPE 713* 7.5* A SELECTION OF MORE
COMMON INTERMETALLIC PROTOTYPES HAVING* MORE COMPLEX STOICHIOMETRIES AND
STRUCTURES 714* 7.5.1* EXAMPLES OF PROTOYPES CORRESPONDING TO HIGH*
STOICHIOMETRIC RATIOS 714* 7.5.1.1* TH6MN23, CF 116, STRUCTURAL TYPE
714* 7.5.1.2* FE4N, CP5, STRUCTURAL TYPE 715* 7.5.1.3* BAAI4, TI 10,
STRUCTURAL TYPE AND BAAI4- DERIVATIVE TYPES 715* 7.5.1.4* MONI4, TI1 0,
STRUCTURAL TYPE 721* 7.5.1.5* CACUS, HP6, STRUCTURAL TYPE 721* 7.5.1.6*
CAB6, CP7 STRUCTURAL TYPE (A CROSS-REFERENCE NOTE) 723* 7.5.1.7* TH2NI
17, HP38, STRUCTURAL TYPE 723* 7.5.1.8* TH2ZN17, HR5 7, STRUCTURAL TYPE
724* 7.5.1.9* BAHG[B CP36, STRUCTURAL TYPE 725* 7.5.1.10* THMNLB TI26,
STRUCTURAL TYPE AND THMNLR* DERIVATIVE TYPES 726* 7.5.1.11* NAZN13,
CF112, STRUCTURAL TYPE 727* 7.5.1.12* RELATIONSHIPS AMONG PROTOTYPES
WITH HIGH* STOICHIOMETRIC RATIOS 728* 7.5.2* "J-BRASS: CUSZNG, CI52
STRUCTURAL TYPE 728* 7.5.3* TETRAHEDRALLY CLOSE-PACKED PHASES,
FRANK-KASPER PHASES* (CROSS-REFERENCE NOTE) 729* 7.5.3.1* ZR4A13' HP7,
STRUCTURAL TYPE (A TETRAHEDRALLY* CLOSE-PACKED PHASE) 729* 7.5.3.2* (J
CR-FE, TP30, STRUCTURAL TYPE (A TETRAHEDRALLY CLOSE- PACKED PHASE) 730*
7.5.3.3* W6FE7, HR39, STRUCTURAL TYPE (F! PHASE)* (A TETRAHEDRALLY
CLOSE-PACKED PHASE) 731* 7.5.4* SAMSON PHASES (A CROSS-REFERENCE NOTE)
731* 7.5.5* CHEVREL PHASES, STRUCTURES CONTAINING ME6XG CLUSTERS*
(CROSS-REFERENCE NOTE) 731* XXLL* CONTENTS 7.5.6* A MISCELLANY OF
STOICHIOMETRIES AND PROTOTYPES (SHORT NOTES) 731* 7.5.6.1* SELECTED
STRUCTURES CORRESPONDING TO A BINARY 5:4* STOICHIOMETRY 732* 7.5.6.2*
SELECTED STRUCTURES CORRESPONDING TO A BINARY 5:3 STOICHIOMETRY* 734*
7.5.6.3* A SELECTED STRUCTURE CORRESPONDING TO THE* BINARY 3:4
STOICHIOMETRY 737* 7.6.* REMARKS ABOUT THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF A FEW
OXYGEN COMPOUNDS.* EXAMPLES OF OXIDES AND MINERALS 738* 7.6.1*
INTRODUCTION 738* 7.6.2* TA40, OP5, STRUCTURAL TYPE 738* 7.6.3* RRA120
3, HR30, STRUCTURAL TYPE (AND DERIVATIVE* FETI03, ILMENITE TYPE) 738*
7.6.4* TI02, TP6, STRUCTURAL TYPE (RUTILE) 739* 7.6.5* RE03' CP4,
STRUCTURAL TYPE 741* 7.6.6* CATI03, CP5, STRUCTURAL TYPE (PEROVSKITE)
742* 7.6.7* BEAI20 4, OP28, STRUCTURAL TYPE (CHRYSOBERIL) 743* 7.6.8*
GAMET, YTTRIUM IRON GAMET, CI160, STRUCTURAL TYPE 744* 7.6.9* MGAI20 4,
CF56, STRUCTURAL TYPE (SPINEI) 745* 7.6.10 OLIVINES 747* REFERENCES 748*
APPENDIX 751* INDEX* 757* |
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| author | Ferro, Riccardo 1926- Saccone, Adriana |
| author_GND | (DE-588)143581422 |
| author_facet | Ferro, Riccardo 1926- Saccone, Adriana |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Ferro, Riccardo 1926- |
| author_variant | r f rf a s as |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023212435 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TA483 |
| callnumber-raw | TA483 |
| callnumber-search | TA483 |
| callnumber-sort | TA 3483 |
| callnumber-subject | TA - General and Civil Engineering |
| classification_rvk | VE 9300 VH 9600 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)187292073 (DE-599)GBV540190020 |
| dewey-full | 546.3 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 546 - Inorganic chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 546.3 |
| dewey-search | 546.3 |
| dewey-sort | 3546.3 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie |
| edition | 1. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023212435 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:12:34Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:13:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780080440996 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016398480 |
| oclc_num | 187292073 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-11 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-11 |
| physical | XXII, 786 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Elsevier Pergamon |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Pergamon materials series |
| series2 | Pergamon materials series |
| spelling | Ferro, Riccardo 1926- Verfasser (DE-588)143581422 aut Intermetallic chemistry R. Ferro and A. Saccone 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier Pergamon 2008 XXII, 786 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Pergamon materials series 13 Alloys Chemistry, Metallurgic Metal complexes Metall-Metall-Bindung (DE-588)4169608-6 gnd rswk-swf Intermetallische Verbindungen (DE-588)4162028-8 gnd rswk-swf Metall-Metall-Bindung (DE-588)4169608-6 s DE-604 Intermetallische Verbindungen (DE-588)4162028-8 s Saccone, Adriana Verfasser aut Pergamon materials series 13 (DE-604)BV012398006 13 OEBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016398480&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ferro, Riccardo 1926- Saccone, Adriana Intermetallic chemistry Pergamon materials series Alloys Chemistry, Metallurgic Metal complexes Metall-Metall-Bindung (DE-588)4169608-6 gnd Intermetallische Verbindungen (DE-588)4162028-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4169608-6 (DE-588)4162028-8 |
| title | Intermetallic chemistry |
| title_auth | Intermetallic chemistry |
| title_exact_search | Intermetallic chemistry |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Intermetallic chemistry |
| title_full | Intermetallic chemistry R. Ferro and A. Saccone |
| title_fullStr | Intermetallic chemistry R. Ferro and A. Saccone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Intermetallic chemistry R. Ferro and A. Saccone |
| title_short | Intermetallic chemistry |
| title_sort | intermetallic chemistry |
| topic | Alloys Chemistry, Metallurgic Metal complexes Metall-Metall-Bindung (DE-588)4169608-6 gnd Intermetallische Verbindungen (DE-588)4162028-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Alloys Chemistry, Metallurgic Metal complexes Metall-Metall-Bindung Intermetallische Verbindungen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016398480&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012398006 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ferroriccardo intermetallicchemistry AT sacconeadriana intermetallicchemistry |