Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation: in conventional and miniature systems
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge University Press
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Table of contents only Publisher description Contributor biographical information Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 561-599) and index |
| Beschreibung: | xx, 613 p. ill. 27 cm |
| ISBN: | 9780521882767 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 020 | |a 9780521882767 |c hardback |9 978-0-521-88276-7 | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)123391045 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)BVBBV023210142 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
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| 084 | |a UF 4000 |0 (DE-625)145577: |2 rvk | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Ghiaasiaan, Seyed Mostafa |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation |b in conventional and miniature systems |c S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge University Press |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a xx, 613 p. |b ill. |c 27 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 561-599) and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Condensation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fluides, Dynamique des | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Points d'ébullition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Écoulement diphasique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Fluid dynamics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Two-phase flow | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Zweiphasenströmung |0 (DE-588)4068223-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Strömungsmechanik |0 (DE-588)4077970-1 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Strömungsmechanik |0 (DE-588)4077970-1 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Zweiphasenströmung |0 (DE-588)4068223-7 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0716/2007016309.html |3 Table of contents only | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0731/2007016309-d.html |3 Publisher description | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0803/2007016309-b.html |3 Contributor biographical information | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016396218&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016396218 | ||
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137491617284096 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
page
xi
Frequently Used Notation
xiii
PART ONE. TWO-PHASE FLOW
1
Thermodynamic and Single-Phase Flow Fundamentals
............3
1.1
States of Matter and Phase Diagrams for Pure Substances
3
1.1.1
Equilibrium States
3
1.1.2
Metastable States
5
1.2
Transport Equations and Closure Relations
7
1.3
Single-Phase Multicomponent Mixtures
10
1.4
Phase Diagrams for Binary Systems
15
1.5
Thermodynamic Properties of Vapor-Noncondensable Gas Mixtures
17
1.6
Transport Properties
21
1.6.1
Mixture Rules
21
1.6.2
Gaskinetic Theory
21
1.6.3
Diffusion in Liquids
25
1.7
Turbulent Boundary Layer Velocity and Temperature Profiles
26
1.8
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer
30
2
Gas-Liquid
Interfacial
Phenomena
......................38
2.1
Surface Tension and Contact Angle
38
2.1.1
Surface Tension
38
2.1.2
Contact Angle
41
2.1.3
Dynamic Contact Angle and Contact Angle Hysteresis
42
2.1.4
Surface Tension Nonuniformity
43
2.2
Effect of Surface-Active Impurities on Surface Tension
44
2.3
Thermocapillary Effect
46
2.4
Disjoining Pressure in Thin Films
49
2.5
Liquid-Vapor
Interphase
at Equilibrium
50
2.6
Attributes of
Interfacial
Mass Transfer
52
2.6.1
Evaporation and Condensation
52
2.6.2
Sparingly Soluble Gases
57
2.7
Semi-Empirical Treatment of
Interfacial
Transfer Processes
59
2.8
Interfacial
Waves and the Linear Stability Analysis Method
64
2.9
Two-Dimensional Surface Waves on the Surface of an Inviscid
and Quiescent Liquid
66
2.10
Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities
68
v¡
Contents
2.11
Rayleigh-Taylor Instability for a Viscous Liquid
74
2.12
Waves at the Surface of Small Bubbles and Droplets
76
2.13
Growth of a Vapor Bubble in Superheated Liquid
80
3
Two-Phase Mixtures, Fluid Dispersions, and Liquid Films
..........89
3.1
Introductory Remarks about Two-Phase Mixtures
89
3.2
Time, Volume, and Composite Averaging
90
3.2.1
Phase Volume Fractions
90
3.2.2
Averaged Properties
92
3.3
Flow-Area Averaging
93
3.4
Some Important Definitions for Two-Phase Mixture Flows
94
3.4.1
General Definitions
94
3.4.2
Definitions for Flow Area-Averaged one-Dimensional Flow
95
3.4.3
Homogeneous-Equilibrium Flow
97
3.5
Convention for the Remainder of This Book
97
3.6
Particles of One Phase Dispersed in a Turbulent Flow Field
of Another Phase
98
3.6.1
Turbulent Eddies and Their Interaction with Suspended Fluid
Particles
98
3.6.2
The Population Balance Equation
103
3.6.3
Coalescence
105
3.6.4
Breakup
106
3.7
Conventional, Mini-, and
Microchannels 107
3.7.1
Basic Phenomena and Size Classification for
Single-Phase Flow
107
3.7.2
Size Classification for Two-Phase Flow 111
3.8
Laminar Falling Liquid Films
112
3.9
Turbulent Falling Liquid Films
114
3.10
Heat Transfer Correlations for Falling Liquid Films
115
3.11
Mechanistic Modeling of Liquid Films
117
4
Two-Phase Flow Regimes
-
I
........................121
4.1
Introductory Remarks
121
4.2
Two-Phase Flow Regimes in Adiabatic Pipe Flow
122
4.2.1
Vertical, Cocurrent, Upward Flow
122
4.2.2
Cocurrent Horizontal Flow
126
4.3
Flow Regime Maps for Pipe Flow
129
4.4
Two-Phase Flow Regimes in Vertical Rod Bundles
130
4.5
Comments on Empirical Flow Regime Maps
134
5
Two-Phase Flow Modeling
..........................137
5.1
General Remarks
137
5.2
Local Instantaneous Equations and
Interphase
Balance Relations
138
5.3
Two-Phase Flow Models
141
5.4
Flow-Area Averaging
142
5.5
One-Dimensional Homogeneous-Equilibrium Model:
Single-Component Fluid
144
5.6
One-Dimensional Homogeneous-Equilibrium Model:
Two-Component Mixture
148
5.7
One-Dimensional Separated Flow Model: Single-Component Fluid
149
5.8
One-Dimensional Separated-Flow Model: Two-Component Fluid
158
Contents
vii
5.9
Multidimensional
Two-Fluid
Model
160
5.10
Numerical Solution of Steady, One-Dimensional Conservation
Equations
163
5.10.1
Casting the One-Dimensional ODE Model Equations
in a Standard Form
163
5.10.2
Numerical Solution of the ODEs
169
6
The Drift Flux Model and Void-Quality Relations
.............173
6.1
The Concept of Drift Flux
173
6.2
Two-Phase Flow Model Equations Based on the DFM
176
6.3
DFM Parameters for Pipe Flow
177
6.4
DFM Parameters for Rod Bundles
178
6.5
DFM in
Minichannels 179
6.6
Void-Quality Correlations
180
7
Two-Phase Flow Regimes
-
II
........................186
7.1
Introductory Remarks
186
7.2
Upward, Cocurrent Flow in Vertical Tubes
186
7.2.1
Flow Regime Transition Models of Taitel
et al.
186
7.2.2
Flow Regime Transition Models of Mishima and Ishii
189
7.3
Cocurrent Flow in a Near-Horizontal Tube
193
7.4
Two-Phase Flow in an Inclined Tube
197
7.5
Dynamic Flow Regime Models and
Interfacial
Surface Area
Transport Equations
199
7.5.1
The
Interfacial
Area Transport Equation
199
7.5.2
Simplification of the
Interfacial
Area Transport Equation
201
8
Pressure Drop in Two-Phase Flow
......................207
8.1
Introduction
207
8.2
Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop in Homogeneous Flow and the
Concept of a Two-Phase Multiplier
208
8.3
Empirical Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop Methods
210
8.4
General Remarks about Local Pressure Drops
214
8.5
Single-Phase Flow Pressure Drops Caused by Flow Disturbances
215
8.5.1
Single-Phase Flow Pressure Drop across a Sudden Expansion
217
8.5.2
Single-Phase Flow Pressure Drop across a Sudden Contraction
219
8.5.3
Pressure Change Caused by Other Flow Disturbances
219
8.6
Two-Phase Flow Local Pressure Drops
220
9
Countercurrent Flow Limitation
.......................228
9.1
General Description
228
9.2
Flooding Correlations for Vertical Flow Passages
233
9.3
Flooding in Horizontal, Perforated Plates and Porous Media
236
9.4
Flooding in Vertical Annular or Rectangular Passages
237
9.5
Flooding Correlations for Horizontal and Inclined Flow Passages
240
9.6
Effect of Phase Change on CCFL
240
9.7
Modeling of CCFL Based on the Separated-Flow Momentum
Equations
241
10
Two-Phase Flow in Small Flow Passages
..................245
10.1
Two-Phase Flow Regimes in
Minichannels 245
10.2
Void Fraction in
Minichannels 252
Contents
10.3
Two-Phase Flow Regimes and Void Fraction in
Microchannels 254
10.4
Two-Phase Flow and Void Fraction in Thin Rectangular Channels
and
Annuli 257
10.4.1
Flow Regimes in Vertical and Inclined Channels
258
10.4.2
Flow Regimes in Rectangular Channels and
Annuli 259
10.5
Two-Phase Pressure Drop
261
10.6
Semitheoretical Models for Pressure Drop in the Intermittent
Flow Regime
268
10.7
Ideal, Laminar Annular Flow
271
10.8
The Bubble Train (Taylor Flow) Regime
272
10.8.1
General Remarks
272
10.8.2
Some Useful Correlations
275
10.9
Pressure Drop Caused by Flow-Area Changes
279
PART TWO. BOILING AND CONDENSATION
11
Pool Boiling
.................................287
11.1
The Pool Boiling Curve
287
11.2
Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation and Ebullition
291
11.2.1
Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation and Active
Nucleation Sites
291
11.2.2
Bubble Ebullition
296
11.2.3
Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Nucleate Boiling
299
11.3
Nucleate Boiling Correlations
300
11.4
The Hydrodynamic Theory of Boiling and Critical Heat Flux
306
11.5
Film Boiling
309
11.5.1
Film Boiling on a Horizontal, Flat Surface
309
11.5.2
Film Boiling on a Vertical. Flat Surface
312
11.5.3
Film Boiling on Horizontal Tubes
315
11.5.4
The Effect of Thermal Radiation in Film Boiling
315
11.6
Minimum Film Boiling
316
11.7
Transition Boiling
318
12
Flow Boiling
.................................321
12.1
Forced-Flow Boiling Regimes
321
12.2
Flow Boiling Curves
328
12.3
Flow Patterns and Temperature Variation in Subcooled Boiling
329
12.4
Onset of Nucleate Boiling
331
12.5
Empirical Correlations for the Onset of Significant Void
336
12.6
Mechanistic Models for Hydrodynamically Controlled Onset
of Significant Void
337
12.7
Transition from Partial Boiling to Fully Developed Subcooled Boiling
340
12.8
Hydrodynamics of Subcooled Flow Boiling
341
12.9
Pressure Drop in Subcooled Flow Boiling
346
12.10
Partial Flow Boiling
347
12.11
Fully Developed Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Correlations
347
12.12
Characteristics of Saturated Flow Boiling
349
12.13
Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Correlations
350
12.14
Flow-Regime-Dependent Correlations for Saturated Boiling
in Horizontal Channels
358
12.15
Two-Phase Flow Instability
362
Contents ix
12.15.1
Static
Instabilities
362
12.15.2
Dynamic Instabilities
365
13
Critical Heat Flux and Post-CHF Heat Transfer in Flow Boiling
......371
13.1
Critical Heat Flux Mechanisms
371
13.2
Experiments and Parametric Trends
374
13.3
Correlations for Upward Flow in Vertical Channels
378
13.4
Correlations for Subcooled Upward Flow of Water in Vertical
Channels
387
13.5
Mechanistic Models for DNB
389
13.6
Mechanistic Models for Dryout
392
13.7
CHF
in Inclined and Horizontal Channels
394
13.8
Post-Critical Heat Flux Heat Transfer
399
14
Flow Boiling and
CHF
in Small Passages
..................405
14.1 Minichannel-
and Microchannel-Based Cooling Systems
405
14.2
Boiling Two-Phase Flow Patterns and Flow Instability
407
14.2.1
Flow Regimes in
Minichannels
with Hard Inlet Conditions
410
14.2.2
Flow Regimes in Arrays of Parallel Channels
411
14.3
Onset of Nucleate Boiling and Onset of Significant Void
414
14.3.1
ONB and
OSV
in Channels with Hard Inlet Conditions
414
14.3.2
Boiling Initiation and Evolution in Arrays of Parallel Mini-
and
Microchannels 417
14.4
Boiling Heat Transfer
419
14.4.1
Background and Experimental Data
419
14.4.2
Boiling Heat Transfer Mechanisms
420
14.4.3
Flow Boiling Correlations
423
14.5
Critical Heat Flux in Small Channels
427
14.5.1
General Remarks and Parametric Trends in the Available Data
427
14.5.2
Models and Correlations
430
15
Fundamentals of Condensation
.......................436
15.1
Basic Processes in Condensation
436
15.2
Thermal Resistances in Condensation
439
15.3
Laminar Condensation on Isothermal, Vertical, and Inclined
Flat Surfaces
441
15.4
Empirical Correlations for Wavy-Laminar and Turbulent Film
Condensation on Vertical Flat Surfaces
447
15.5
Interfacial
Shear
449
15.6
Laminar Film Condensation on Horizontal Tubes
450
15.7
Condensation in the Presence of a Noncondensable
454
15.8
Fog Formation
457
16
Internal-Flow Condensation and Condensation on Liquid Jets
and Droplets
.................................462
16.1
Introduction
462
16.2
Two-Phase Flow Regimes
463
16.3
Condensation Heat Transfer Correlations for a Pure Saturated Vapor
467
16.3.1
Correlations for Vertical, Downward Flow
467
16.3.2
Correlations for Horizontal Flow
469
16.3.3
Semi-Analytical Models for Horizontal Flow
472
Contents
16.4
Effect
of Noncondensables on Condensation Heat Transfer
477
16.5
Direct-Contact Condensation
478
16.6
Mechanistic Models for Condensing Annular Flow
483
16.7
Flow Condensation in Small Channels
488
16.8
Condensation Flow Regimes and Pressure Drop in Small Channels
491
16.8.1
Flow Regimes in
Minichannels 491
16.8.2
Flow Regimes in
Microchannels 492
16.8.3
Pressure Drop in Condensing Two-Phase Flows
493
16.9
Flow Condensation Heat Transfer in Small Channels
493
17
Choking in Two-Phase Flow
......................... 499
17.1
Physics of Choking
499
17.2
Velocity of Sound in Single-Phase Fluids
499
17.3
Critical Discharge Rate in Single-Phase Flow
501
17.4
Choking in Homogeneous Two-Phase Flow
502
17.5
Choking in Two-Phase Flow with
Interphase
Slip
504
17.6
Critical Two-Phase Flow Models
505
17.6.1
The Homogeneous-Equilibrium Isentropic Model
505
17.6.2
Critical Flow Model of Moody
507
17.6.3
Critical Flow Model of Henry and Fauski
509
17.7
RETRAN Curve Fits for Critical Discharge of Water and Steam
512
17.8
Critical Flow Models of Leung and Grolmes
514
17.9
Choked Two-Phase Flow in Small Passages
519
17.10
Nonequilibrium Mechanistic Modeling of Choked Two-Phase Flow
523
APPENDIX A: Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water and Steam
..... 529
APPENDIX B: Transport Properties of Saturated Water and Steam
......... 531
APPENDIX C: Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Liquid and Vapor
for Selected Refrigerants
............................... 533
APPENDIX D: Properties of Selected Ideal Gases at
1
Atmosphere
........ 543
APPENDIX E: Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Selected Gases
in Air at
1
Atmosphere
................................ 549
APPENDIX F: Henry s Constant of Dilute Aqueous Solutions
of Selected Substances at Moderate Pressures
.................... 551
APPENDIX G: Diffusion Coefficients of Selected Substances in Water
at Infinite Dilution at
25
С
.............................. 553
APPENDIX H: Lennard-Jones Potential Model Constants for Selected
Molecules
....................................... 555
APPENDIX I: Collision Integrates for the Lennard-Jones Potential Model
..... 557
APPENDIX J: Physical Constants
........................... 559
APPENDIX K: Unit Conversions
........................... 561
References
563
Index
601
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
page
xi
Frequently Used Notation
xiii
PART ONE. TWO-PHASE FLOW
1
Thermodynamic and Single-Phase Flow Fundamentals
.3
1.1
States of Matter and Phase Diagrams for Pure Substances
3
1.1.1
Equilibrium States
3
1.1.2
Metastable States
5
1.2
Transport Equations and Closure Relations
7
1.3
Single-Phase Multicomponent Mixtures
10
1.4
Phase Diagrams for Binary Systems
15
1.5
Thermodynamic Properties of Vapor-Noncondensable Gas Mixtures
17
1.6
Transport Properties
21
1.6.1
Mixture Rules
21
1.6.2
Gaskinetic Theory
21
1.6.3
Diffusion in Liquids
25
1.7
Turbulent Boundary Layer Velocity and Temperature Profiles
26
1.8
Convective Heat and Mass Transfer
30
2
Gas-Liquid
Interfacial
Phenomena
.38
2.1
Surface Tension and Contact Angle
38
2.1.1
Surface Tension
38
2.1.2
Contact Angle
41
2.1.3
Dynamic Contact Angle and Contact Angle Hysteresis
42
2.1.4
Surface Tension Nonuniformity
43
2.2
Effect of Surface-Active Impurities on Surface Tension
44
2.3
Thermocapillary Effect
46
2.4
Disjoining Pressure in Thin Films
49
2.5
Liquid-Vapor
Interphase
at Equilibrium
50
2.6
Attributes of
Interfacial
Mass Transfer
52
2.6.1
Evaporation and Condensation
52
2.6.2
Sparingly Soluble Gases
57
2.7
Semi-Empirical Treatment of
Interfacial
Transfer Processes
59
2.8
Interfacial
Waves and the Linear Stability Analysis Method
64
2.9
Two-Dimensional Surface Waves on the Surface of an Inviscid
and Quiescent Liquid
66
2.10
Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz Instabilities
68
v¡
Contents
2.11
Rayleigh-Taylor Instability for a Viscous Liquid
74
2.12
Waves at the Surface of Small Bubbles and Droplets
76
2.13
Growth of a Vapor Bubble in Superheated Liquid
80
3
Two-Phase Mixtures, Fluid Dispersions, and Liquid Films
.89
3.1
Introductory Remarks about Two-Phase Mixtures
89
3.2
Time, Volume, and Composite Averaging
90
3.2.1
Phase Volume Fractions
90
3.2.2
Averaged Properties
92
3.3
Flow-Area Averaging
93
3.4
Some Important Definitions for Two-Phase Mixture Flows
94
3.4.1
General Definitions
94
3.4.2
Definitions for Flow Area-Averaged one-Dimensional Flow
95
3.4.3
Homogeneous-Equilibrium Flow
97
3.5
Convention for the Remainder of This Book
97
3.6
Particles of One Phase Dispersed in a Turbulent Flow Field
of Another Phase
98
3.6.1
Turbulent Eddies and Their Interaction with Suspended Fluid
Particles
98
3.6.2
The Population Balance Equation
103
3.6.3
Coalescence
105
3.6.4
Breakup
106
3.7
Conventional, Mini-, and
Microchannels 107
3.7.1
Basic Phenomena and Size Classification for
Single-Phase Flow
107
3.7.2
Size Classification for Two-Phase Flow 111
3.8
Laminar Falling Liquid Films
112
3.9
Turbulent Falling Liquid Films
114
3.10
Heat Transfer Correlations for Falling Liquid Films
115
3.11
Mechanistic Modeling of Liquid Films
117
4
Two-Phase Flow Regimes
-
I
.121
4.1
Introductory Remarks
121
4.2
Two-Phase Flow Regimes in Adiabatic Pipe Flow
122
4.2.1
Vertical, Cocurrent, Upward Flow
122
4.2.2
Cocurrent Horizontal Flow
126
4.3
Flow Regime Maps for Pipe Flow
129
4.4
Two-Phase Flow Regimes in Vertical Rod Bundles
130
4.5
Comments on Empirical Flow Regime Maps
134
5
Two-Phase Flow Modeling
.137
5.1
General Remarks
137
5.2
Local Instantaneous Equations and
Interphase
Balance Relations
138
5.3
Two-Phase Flow Models
141
5.4
Flow-Area Averaging
142
5.5
One-Dimensional Homogeneous-Equilibrium Model:
Single-Component Fluid
144
5.6
One-Dimensional Homogeneous-Equilibrium Model:
Two-Component Mixture
148
5.7
One-Dimensional Separated Flow Model: Single-Component Fluid
149
5.8
One-Dimensional Separated-Flow Model: Two-Component Fluid
158
Contents
vii
5.9
Multidimensional
Two-Fluid
Model
160
5.10
Numerical Solution of Steady, One-Dimensional Conservation
Equations
163
5.10.1
Casting the One-Dimensional ODE Model Equations
in a Standard Form
163
5.10.2
Numerical Solution of the ODEs
169
6
The Drift Flux Model and Void-Quality Relations
.173
6.1
The Concept of Drift Flux
173
6.2
Two-Phase Flow Model Equations Based on the DFM
176
6.3
DFM Parameters for Pipe Flow
177
6.4
DFM Parameters for Rod Bundles
178
6.5
DFM in
Minichannels 179
6.6
Void-Quality Correlations
180
7
Two-Phase Flow Regimes
-
II
.186
7.1
Introductory Remarks
186
7.2
Upward, Cocurrent Flow in Vertical Tubes
186
7.2.1
Flow Regime Transition Models of Taitel
et al.
186
7.2.2
Flow Regime Transition Models of Mishima and Ishii
189
7.3
Cocurrent Flow in a Near-Horizontal Tube
193
7.4
Two-Phase Flow in an Inclined Tube
197
7.5
Dynamic Flow Regime Models and
Interfacial
Surface Area
Transport Equations
199
7.5.1
The
Interfacial
Area Transport Equation
199
7.5.2
Simplification of the
Interfacial
Area Transport Equation
201
8
Pressure Drop in Two-Phase Flow
.207
8.1
Introduction
207
8.2
Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop in Homogeneous Flow and the
Concept of a Two-Phase Multiplier
208
8.3
Empirical Two-Phase Frictional Pressure Drop Methods
210
8.4
General Remarks about Local Pressure Drops
214
8.5
Single-Phase Flow Pressure Drops Caused by Flow Disturbances
215
8.5.1
Single-Phase Flow Pressure Drop across a Sudden Expansion
217
8.5.2
Single-Phase Flow Pressure Drop across a Sudden Contraction
219
8.5.3
Pressure Change Caused by Other Flow Disturbances
219
8.6
Two-Phase Flow Local Pressure Drops
220
9
Countercurrent Flow Limitation
.228
9.1
General Description
228
9.2
Flooding Correlations for Vertical Flow Passages
233
9.3
Flooding in Horizontal, Perforated Plates and Porous Media
236
9.4
Flooding in Vertical Annular or Rectangular Passages
237
9.5
Flooding Correlations for Horizontal and Inclined Flow Passages
240
9.6
Effect of Phase Change on CCFL
240
9.7
Modeling of CCFL Based on the Separated-Flow Momentum
Equations
241
10
Two-Phase Flow in Small Flow Passages
.245
10.1
Two-Phase Flow Regimes in
Minichannels 245
10.2
Void Fraction in
Minichannels 252
Contents
10.3
Two-Phase Flow Regimes and Void Fraction in
Microchannels 254
10.4
Two-Phase Flow and Void Fraction in Thin Rectangular Channels
and
Annuli 257
10.4.1
Flow Regimes in Vertical and Inclined Channels
258
10.4.2
Flow Regimes in Rectangular Channels and
Annuli 259
10.5
Two-Phase Pressure Drop
261
10.6
Semitheoretical Models for Pressure Drop in the Intermittent
Flow Regime
268
10.7
Ideal, Laminar Annular Flow
271
10.8
The Bubble Train (Taylor Flow) Regime
272
10.8.1
General Remarks
272
10.8.2
Some Useful Correlations
275
10.9
Pressure Drop Caused by Flow-Area Changes
279
PART TWO. BOILING AND CONDENSATION
11
Pool Boiling
.287
11.1
The Pool Boiling Curve
287
11.2
Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation and Ebullition
291
11.2.1
Heterogeneous Bubble Nucleation and Active
Nucleation Sites
291
11.2.2
Bubble Ebullition
296
11.2.3
Heat Transfer Mechanisms in Nucleate Boiling
299
11.3
Nucleate Boiling Correlations
300
11.4
The Hydrodynamic Theory of Boiling and Critical Heat Flux
306
11.5
Film Boiling
309
11.5.1
Film Boiling on a Horizontal, Flat Surface
309
11.5.2
Film Boiling on a Vertical. Flat Surface
312
11.5.3
Film Boiling on Horizontal Tubes
315
11.5.4
The Effect of Thermal Radiation in Film Boiling
315
11.6
Minimum Film Boiling
316
11.7
Transition Boiling
318
12
Flow Boiling
.321
12.1
Forced-Flow Boiling Regimes
321
12.2
Flow Boiling Curves
328
12.3
Flow Patterns and Temperature Variation in Subcooled Boiling
329
12.4
Onset of Nucleate Boiling
331
12.5
Empirical Correlations for the Onset of Significant Void
336
12.6
Mechanistic Models for Hydrodynamically Controlled Onset
of Significant Void
337
12.7
Transition from Partial Boiling to Fully Developed Subcooled Boiling
340
12.8
Hydrodynamics of Subcooled Flow Boiling
341
12.9
Pressure Drop in Subcooled Flow Boiling
346
12.10
Partial Flow Boiling
347
12.11
Fully Developed Subcooled Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Correlations
347
12.12
Characteristics of Saturated Flow Boiling
349
12.13
Saturated Flow Boiling Heat Transfer Correlations
350
12.14
Flow-Regime-Dependent Correlations for Saturated Boiling
in Horizontal Channels
358
12.15
Two-Phase Flow Instability
362
Contents ix
12.15.1
Static
Instabilities
362
12.15.2
Dynamic Instabilities
365
13
Critical Heat Flux and Post-CHF Heat Transfer in Flow Boiling
.371
13.1
Critical Heat Flux Mechanisms
371
13.2
Experiments and Parametric Trends
374
13.3
Correlations for Upward Flow in Vertical Channels
378
13.4
Correlations for Subcooled Upward Flow of Water in Vertical
Channels
387
13.5
Mechanistic Models for DNB
389
13.6
Mechanistic Models for Dryout
392
13.7
CHF
in Inclined and Horizontal Channels
394
13.8
Post-Critical Heat Flux Heat Transfer
399
14
Flow Boiling and
CHF
in Small Passages
.405
14.1 Minichannel-
and Microchannel-Based Cooling Systems
405
14.2
Boiling Two-Phase Flow Patterns and Flow Instability
407
14.2.1
Flow Regimes in
Minichannels
with Hard Inlet Conditions
410
14.2.2
Flow Regimes in Arrays of Parallel Channels
411
14.3
Onset of Nucleate Boiling and Onset of Significant Void
414
14.3.1
ONB and
OSV
in Channels with Hard Inlet Conditions
414
14.3.2
Boiling Initiation and Evolution in Arrays of Parallel Mini-
and
Microchannels 417
14.4
Boiling Heat Transfer
419
14.4.1
Background and Experimental Data
419
14.4.2
Boiling Heat Transfer Mechanisms
420
14.4.3
Flow Boiling Correlations
423
14.5
Critical Heat Flux in Small Channels
427
14.5.1
General Remarks and Parametric Trends in the Available Data
427
14.5.2
Models and Correlations
430
15
Fundamentals of Condensation
.436
15.1
Basic Processes in Condensation
436
15.2
Thermal Resistances in Condensation
439
15.3
Laminar Condensation on Isothermal, Vertical, and Inclined
Flat Surfaces
441
15.4
Empirical Correlations for Wavy-Laminar and Turbulent Film
Condensation on Vertical Flat Surfaces
447
15.5
Interfacial
Shear
449
15.6
Laminar Film Condensation on Horizontal Tubes
450
15.7
Condensation in the Presence of a Noncondensable
454
15.8
Fog Formation
457
16
Internal-Flow Condensation and Condensation on Liquid Jets
and Droplets
.462
16.1
Introduction
462
16.2
Two-Phase Flow Regimes
463
16.3
Condensation Heat Transfer Correlations for a Pure Saturated Vapor
467
16.3.1
Correlations for Vertical, Downward Flow
467
16.3.2
Correlations for Horizontal Flow
469
16.3.3
Semi-Analytical Models for Horizontal Flow
472
Contents
16.4
Effect
of Noncondensables on Condensation Heat Transfer
477
16.5
Direct-Contact Condensation
478
16.6
Mechanistic Models for Condensing Annular Flow
483
16.7
Flow Condensation in Small Channels
488
16.8
Condensation Flow Regimes and Pressure Drop in Small Channels
491
16.8.1
Flow Regimes in
Minichannels 491
16.8.2
Flow Regimes in
Microchannels 492
16.8.3
Pressure Drop in Condensing Two-Phase Flows
493
16.9
Flow Condensation Heat Transfer in Small Channels
493
17
Choking in Two-Phase Flow
. 499
17.1
Physics of Choking
499
17.2
Velocity of Sound in Single-Phase Fluids
499
17.3
Critical Discharge Rate in Single-Phase Flow
501
17.4
Choking in Homogeneous Two-Phase Flow
502
17.5
Choking in Two-Phase Flow with
Interphase
Slip
504
17.6
Critical Two-Phase Flow Models
505
17.6.1
The Homogeneous-Equilibrium Isentropic Model
505
17.6.2
Critical Flow Model of Moody
507
17.6.3
Critical Flow Model of Henry and Fauski
509
17.7
RETRAN Curve Fits for Critical Discharge of Water and Steam
512
17.8
Critical Flow Models of Leung and Grolmes
514
17.9
Choked Two-Phase Flow in Small Passages
519
17.10
Nonequilibrium Mechanistic Modeling of Choked Two-Phase Flow
523
APPENDIX A: Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Water and Steam
. 529
APPENDIX B: Transport Properties of Saturated Water and Steam
. 531
APPENDIX C: Thermodynamic Properties of Saturated Liquid and Vapor
for Selected Refrigerants
. 533
APPENDIX D: Properties of Selected Ideal Gases at
1
Atmosphere
. 543
APPENDIX E: Binary Diffusion Coefficients of Selected Gases
in Air at
1
Atmosphere
. 549
APPENDIX F: Henry's Constant of Dilute Aqueous Solutions
of Selected Substances at Moderate Pressures
. 551
APPENDIX G: Diffusion Coefficients of Selected Substances in Water
at Infinite Dilution at
25
С
. 553
APPENDIX H: Lennard-Jones Potential Model Constants for Selected
Molecules
. 555
APPENDIX I: Collision Integrates for the Lennard-Jones Potential Model
. 557
APPENDIX J: Physical Constants
. 559
APPENDIX K: Unit Conversions
. 561
References
563
Index
601 |
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| author | Ghiaasiaan, Seyed Mostafa |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)123391045 (DE-599)BVBBV023210142 |
| dewey-full | 620.1/064 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| dewey-raw | 620.1/064 |
| dewey-search | 620.1/064 |
| dewey-sort | 3620.1 264 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Physik |
| discipline_str_mv | Physik |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023210142 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:11:40Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:13:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780521882767 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2007016309 |
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| physical | xx, 613 p. ill. 27 cm |
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| spelling | Ghiaasiaan, Seyed Mostafa Verfasser aut Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan 1. publ. Cambridge [u.a.] Cambridge University Press 2008 xx, 613 p. ill. 27 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references (p. 561-599) and index Condensation Fluides, Dynamique des Points d'ébullition Écoulement diphasique Fluid dynamics Two-phase flow Zweiphasenströmung (DE-588)4068223-7 gnd rswk-swf Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd rswk-swf Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 s Zweiphasenströmung (DE-588)4068223-7 s DE-604 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0716/2007016309.html Table of contents only http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0731/2007016309-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0803/2007016309-b.html Contributor biographical information Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016396218&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Ghiaasiaan, Seyed Mostafa Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems Condensation Fluides, Dynamique des Points d'ébullition Écoulement diphasique Fluid dynamics Two-phase flow Zweiphasenströmung (DE-588)4068223-7 gnd Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4068223-7 (DE-588)4077970-1 |
| title | Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems |
| title_auth | Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems |
| title_exact_search | Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems |
| title_full | Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan |
| title_fullStr | Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan |
| title_short | Two-phase flow, boiling and condensation |
| title_sort | two phase flow boiling and condensation in conventional and miniature systems |
| title_sub | in conventional and miniature systems |
| topic | Condensation Fluides, Dynamique des Points d'ébullition Écoulement diphasique Fluid dynamics Two-phase flow Zweiphasenströmung (DE-588)4068223-7 gnd Strömungsmechanik (DE-588)4077970-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Condensation Fluides, Dynamique des Points d'ébullition Écoulement diphasique Fluid dynamics Two-phase flow Zweiphasenströmung Strömungsmechanik |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0716/2007016309.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0731/2007016309-d.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0803/2007016309-b.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016396218&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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