Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu: 1914 - 1918
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Published: |
Beograd
Inst. za Savremenu Istoriju
2007
|
| Edition: | 1. izd. |
| Series: | Biblioteka Posebna izdanja / Institut za Savremenu Istoriju
12 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Trstenik and its surrounding in the First world war 1914 - 1918 |
| Physical Description: | 432 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788674031155 |
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MARC
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| 490 | 1 | |a Biblioteka Posebna izdanja / Institut za Savremenu Istoriju |v 12 | |
| 500 | |a In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Trstenik and its surrounding in the First world war 1914 - 1918 | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804137463820582912 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | САДРЖАЈ
ИЗВОРИ
И ЛИТЕРАТУРА
7
БОРБА
ЗА ОПСТАНАК
1914-1915.
ГОДИНЕ
13
Ратне
операције
1914.
године
13
Привредна
ситуација
и избегяще
1914.
године
20
Рагьенщи и
епидемија пегавог
тифуса
26
Привредна
ситуација
и избеглице
1915.
године
45
Ратне
операције
у
другој
половини
1915.
године
54
Boja
Танкосић
66
Аустроугари
-
војни заробљеници
и интернируй
у
трстеничком крају
71
Школство
1914-1915.
године
74
Трагедија српске војске
и народа
82
Одлазак
британских медицинских
мисија
из
Врњачке Бање
u
судбина рањеника
86
ПОД
ОКУПАЦИЈОМ
1915-1918.
ГОДИНЕ
93
Прве
мере
окупатора
u
стварање виших
органа
окупационе
власти
93
Успостављање локалне
власти
u
њено функгјионисање
98
Избеглиштво
током
окупације
110
Срби
-
ратни
војни заробљеници
116
Срби
интернируй
127
Становништво
и здравствене прилике А1
Реквизиције
162
Привредни
живот
189
Снабдевање становништва
212
Политички, друштвени, социјални
u
културни живот
229
Школство у време
окупације
249
Отпор окупатору
270
Ослобођење
311
ПОГОВОР
337
ПРИЛОЗИ
353
СПИСАК ИНТЕЛЕКТУАЛАЦА СРЕЗА ТРСТЕНИК
СРЕДИНОМ
1916.
ГОДИНЕ
353
ИНТЕРНИРАНИ ИЗ СРЕЗА ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ
ЈУЛИ
-
СЕПТЕМБАР
1916 358
СПИСАК ТАЛАЦА СРЕЗА ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ ЗА МЕСЕЦЕ
АВГУСТ
-
ОКТОБАР
1918. 363
УЧЕСНИЦИ ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ
PATA
366
ЖИТЕЉИ
ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ
KP
AJA HA
СОЛУНСКОМ
ФРОНТУ
368
„РАТНИЦИ СОЛУНЦИ
ОД
1912-1918.
ХВАЛА ИМ И СЛАВА
ИМ! ЦРКВА
ВРЊАЧКА
373
СПИСКОВИ ПАЛИХ РАТНИКА СРЕЗА ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ
ТОКОМ
ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ
PATA
3 75
СПИСАК НОСИЛАЦА ОРДЕНА
КАРАЂОРЂЕВЕ
ЗВЕЗДЕ
С
МАЧЕВИМА, ИЗ ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ
KPAJA
412
РЕЗИМЕ
413
SUMMARY
416
РЕГИСТАР
ГЕОГРАФСКИХ
НАЗИВА
419
РЕГИСТАР ЛИЧНИХ ИМЕНА
426
БЕЛЕШКА
О ПИСЦУ
431
416______________________________________________________________
мера и одмаздама, носиоци отпора су гинули у сукобима,
њихове
породице
кажњаване,
а покрет отпора не само да
није
уништен него се ширио. Дошло
je
дотле да су те локалне снаге
17.
октобра
1918.
оружаном
акцијом
саме
ослобо-
диле Трстеник и да
je
српска
војска (солунци)
ушла у
ослобођено
место.
Србија
(а у ньеним оквирима Трстенички срез) током Првог светског ра-
та
имала
je
огромне
људске
губитке.
Погинуло
je
или умрло више од половине
војно
мобилисаних. У Срезу трстеничком
je
1914.
и
1915.
мобилисано око
9.500
војних
обвезника, од
којих
je
током рата
погинуло
или умрло око
4.700
обвезника или
8,20%
од укупног
броја становника
среза
установљеног
поли¬
сом из
1910.
године. У
епидемијама
и од осталих болести масовно
je
страдало
и
цивилно
становништво. Трстенички срез
je
крајем
1910.
имао
38.846
жите-
л>а,
а десет
година
касније
35.629.
У место да
забележи
прираштај
од неколико
хиљада
становника, регистровая
je
мањак
од
2.291.
Многе породице су иско-
рењене, јер
су
сви
њихови
чланови
током
рата изгинули или изумрли!
TRSTENIK
AND ITS SURROUNDING
IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1914-1918
Summary
Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand,
successor to the throne, which took place on the 28th June
1914
in Sarajevo. Exactly one
month later, it declared war on Serbia and the military operations started the next day. As
Serbian government was anticipating such development, already on the 25th July all availa¬
ble men were mobilized. The buildings of elementary schools in Trstenik and Vrnjacka
Ba¬
nja
were taken to serve the purpose of spare military hospitals. The majority of the male po¬
pulation was recruited in the military units, including the teachers. Consequently, there was
a scarcity of manpower in industries, crafts, trading, schools and agriculture. The prices of
products went up and there were shortages.
Until the end of
1914,
the armies of Austria-Hungary invaded North-western Serbia
twice and were both times defeated and banished, in the battles of
Cer
and Kolubara. Aro¬
und
70,000
Austro-Hungarian soldiers and officers were taken prisoners, and some of them
were allocated in the area of Trstenik. The Serbian army also suffered great losses in those
operations. The refugees from the endangered areas, both from the cities and villages, were
moving to the more secure parts of the country, including Trstenik, Vrnjacka
Banja
and the
nearby villages.
In December 1914 a great typhoid epidemics swept through Serbia, causing the death
of around
100,000
solders and
400.000
civilians. More than
1.100
inhabitants died in the co¬
unty of Trstenik alone. From the beginning of hostilities, spare military hospitals in Trstenik
and Vrnjacka
Banja
were crowded with Serbia and Austro-Hungarian wounded and sick.
They were dying of wounds, typhus and other diseases. Two additional British hospitals we¬
re opened in Vrnjacka
Banja
in
1914,
equipped with excellent doctors, who had an impor¬
tant role in healing the wounded and sick. In October
1915
they were further reinforced with
another two British hospitals.
___________________________________________________________________417
In the beginning of October
1915,
a joint offensive of Austro-Hungarian and German
armies was launched from the North and the West, followed by the Bulgarian invasion from
the East one week later. Serbian army was fiercely resisting, but could not sustain the pres¬
sure. By the beginning of the December
1915
the entire country was occupied, and the ma¬
jority of Serbian army and civilian refugees withdrew through Montenegro and Albania to
the Albanian seaside, and was further transported to the Greek island of Corfu. The army
was restructured, equipped and rearmed there, and was transported to the frontlines near
Thessalonica in spring
1916.
It took part in new fights until the liberation of the country.
In autumn
1915,
the rivers of refugees were flowing to
Trstenik, Vrnjacka Banja
and
the valley of Western
Morava.
Many distinguished people of the political, social and cultu¬
ral elite were also located there. In turn, many inhabitants of Trstenik also fled before the
area was occupied. The most prominent citizens of Trstenik surrendered the city to the
enemy on the November 7th
1915.
Vrnjacka
Banja
surrendered two days later. Serbian wo¬
unded and suck were withdrawn from the military hospitals, and some were taken prisoners.
The personal of the four British hospitals remained in Vrnjacka
Banja
with their patients and
was consequently imprisoned. However, the action of International Red Cross and the neu¬
tral countries allowed them to return to Great Britain in February
1916.
The structuring of the occupational Military General Government in Serbia was drag¬
ging until April
1916.
The district of Krusevac and the Trstenik County were incorporated
into the area Government on the
11
February
1916.
With minor corrections, the existing ad¬
ministrative and territorial division of country was preserved until January
1916,
The presi¬
dent of the municipality of Trstenik was reputed local merchant
Vasa Andjelkovic,
who sub¬
sequently became the head of the Trstenik county. His was a unique example of the local
Serb being appointed for such a position in the occupied Serbia. Andjelkovic remained at his
post until the
1
March
1917,
when Serbian county chancery was disbanded. He remained
at the post of a president of the municipality. In contrast, Vrnjacka
Banja
changed three mu¬
nicipal presidents during the occupation, as two of them, both doctors, were arrested. The le¬
aders of local communities had no independence in their post, as their task was to follow the
orders of the occupying forces.
.
The position of the military commander of the Trstenik county was of much greater
importance. It was held by four Austro-Hungarian officers who were at that post in average
shorter than a month. The following two commanders stood at the post for about
5
months
each. Only the last commander, Lt. Colonel
Eisenhut
remained at the post for
15
months.
The commanders were aided by the experts for economy, security and public affairs, as well
as the military squad. This entourage was also changing with the commander. During the
entire period of occupation, Trstenik was secured with a military post and the station of the
gendarmerie. Vrnjacka
Banja,
Medvedja and Ribnik had only gendarmerie posts. In local
centres there were also permanent detectives (spies). Their mission was to recruit informers
within locals, keep a track of the local dynamics and of the mood of the population, and in¬
form their superiors, who used the information in decision-making. Espionage penetrated
deeply local population.
During the first months of occupation, local refugees were intercepted and captured
by the enemy forces and returned to the area of Trstenik. The majority of the refugees from
the northern parts of Serbia abandoned Vrnjacka
Banja,
Trstenik and the nearby villages,
although some of them stayed there until the end of the war. All of the Serbian military per¬
sonal captured at the front was imprisoned, or have turned in to the occupational govern¬
ment. Population available for military service (from
18
to
50)
was interned en masse,
alongside with many elderly people, woman and children. This action was conducted imme¬
diately after the occupation of the country, as the enemy considered them a potential threat
for the security of the occupied territory. New imprisonments were made in the summer
1916
and spring
1917.
Prisoners were dying in large numbers of hunger, epidemics and ot-
418 _____________________________________________________________________
her diseases in the camps in Germany, Austri-Hungary and Bulgaria. The occupying forces
had long-term plans for economical exploitation of Serbia, but the lack of manpower was
undermining the implementation. The smaller number of interned was therefore transported
to work in Serbia, and the other ones were released and sent home.
In the autumn
1915
occupying forces confiscated all the food stocks for people and
cattle, as well as the industrial products in state and private ownership. During the entire pe¬
riod of occupation, many commodities and raw materials (copper, tin, bronze, wool, cotton,
wheat, corn, grapes, plums, apples, peaches...) were continuously plundered. The guaran¬
teed supply of the population was imposed onto cities of Serbia. If there was any flower, the
daily ratio of bread was
200
grams at first, and than it shrank to
120
grams. The intention
was to impose the same ratio onto villages, but the peasants were concealing their wheat,
processing it in their own arrangement and protecting themselves from famine in such man¬
ner. Livestock was also confiscated, and the entire villages remained practically without cat¬
tle. Three days in the week were declared non-meat and no-fat , and the population co¬
uld in effect forget about this commodities. Almost all the stocks of vine and spirits were ta¬
ken or bought off at the low price. From
1916
onwards the occupying power was buying off
all the production of grapes and plums and was processing it. The monopoly-related mer¬
chandise (salt, sugar, petroleum...) was rare and was sold to the people very rarely.
There were no great epidemics during the occupation. Some of the contiguous disea¬
ses were minimalized or even extinguished. However, due to the chronic malnutrition, tu¬
berculosis was a common occurrence. During the final stages of the liberation of Serbia in
October
1918,
the country was overtaken by a horrific epidemic of Spanish influence. In the
area of Trstenik it took another
1.267
lives.
From February to April
1916,
during the existence of Serbian county chancery , se¬
veral elementary schools were opened in the area, and they were equipped with Serbian te¬
achers. During the April all of those schools were closed, and replaced with a single school
in Trstenik, in which a Croatian teacher, junior officer in reserve, was teaching. The school
was operational until the end of the war, usually having two teachers originating from the
South Slavonic parts of the Austria-Hungary.
Occupied Serbia lacked the security of life and property. Even an ordinary enemy
so¬
lider
or gendarme could take away which ever property or kill anybody without a fear that
he might be held responsible. Dozens of people from the Trstenik County were shot for in¬
significant or invented reasons. The population was deeply unsatisfied with such treatment
and was organising resistance. Armed or unarmed individuals and groups, were hiding or ar¬
ming, connecting and coordinating in organisation of resistance. They were most frequently
taking revenge upon local collaborators of the occupying force, and were shooting their ene¬
mies only when they had no other option, due to the urge to spare the local population of re¬
taliation.
Central and local government was trying to subvert the resistance by taking very
sharp measures. The resistors were put to death, their families were punished, but the resi¬
stance was not extinguished. It was in fact spreading. Consequently, Trstenik was liberated
by those local forces on the 17th of October
1918.
Serbian army just marched into the libera¬
ted city.
Serbia and Trstenik itself has suffered enormous casualties in the First World War.
More than half of the mobilized man perished. In the county of Trstenik
9.500
men were
mobiHzed in
1914
and
1915,
out of which
4.700
died. That amounts to
8.20%
of the entire
population according to the census of
1910.
Epidemics and other diseases caused more mor¬
tality, particularly among civilians. In
1910,
the area of Trstenik had
38.846
inhabitants, ten
years later there were
35.629.
Instead of the normal growth of population for couple of thou¬
sands, there was a loss of
2.291
inhabitants. Many families were completely extinguished, as
all of their members perished in the course of the war.
|
| adam_txt |
САДРЖАЈ
ИЗВОРИ
И ЛИТЕРАТУРА
7
БОРБА
ЗА ОПСТАНАК
1914-1915.
ГОДИНЕ
13
Ратне
операције
1914.
године
13
Привредна
ситуација
и избегяще
1914.
године
20
Рагьенщи и
епидемија пегавог
тифуса
26
Привредна
ситуација
и избеглице
1915.
године
45
Ратне
операције
у
другој
половини
1915.
године
54
Boja
Танкосић
66
Аустроугари
-
војни заробљеници
и интернируй
у
трстеничком крају
71
Школство
1914-1915.
године
74
Трагедија српске војске
и народа
82
Одлазак
британских медицинских
мисија
из
Врњачке Бање
u
судбина рањеника
86
ПОД
ОКУПАЦИЈОМ
1915-1918.
ГОДИНЕ
93
Прве
мере
окупатора
u
стварање виших
органа
окупационе
власти
93
Успостављање локалне
власти
u
њено функгјионисање
98
Избеглиштво
током
окупације
110
Срби
-
ратни
војни заробљеници
116
Срби
интернируй
127
Становништво
и здравствене прилике \А1
Реквизиције
162
Привредни
живот
189
Снабдевање становништва
212
Политички, друштвени, социјални
u
културни живот
229
Школство у време
окупације
249
Отпор окупатору
270
Ослобођење '
311
ПОГОВОР
337
ПРИЛОЗИ
353
СПИСАК ИНТЕЛЕКТУАЛАЦА СРЕЗА ТРСТЕНИК
СРЕДИНОМ
1916.
ГОДИНЕ
353
ИНТЕРНИРАНИ ИЗ СРЕЗА ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ
ЈУЛИ
-
СЕПТЕМБАР
1916 358
СПИСАК ТАЛАЦА СРЕЗА ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ ЗА МЕСЕЦЕ
АВГУСТ
-
ОКТОБАР
1918. 363
УЧЕСНИЦИ ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ
PATA
366
ЖИТЕЉИ
ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ
KP
AJA HA
СОЛУНСКОМ
ФРОНТУ
368
„РАТНИЦИ СОЛУНЦИ
ОД
1912-1918.
ХВАЛА ИМ И СЛАВА
ИМ! ЦРКВА
ВРЊАЧКА"
373
СПИСКОВИ ПАЛИХ РАТНИКА СРЕЗА ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ
ТОКОМ
ПРВОГ СВЕТСКОГ
PATA
3 75
СПИСАК НОСИЛАЦА ОРДЕНА
КАРАЂОРЂЕВЕ
ЗВЕЗДЕ
С
МАЧЕВИМА, ИЗ ТРСТЕНИЧКОГ
KPAJA
412
РЕЗИМЕ
413
SUMMARY
416
РЕГИСТАР
ГЕОГРАФСКИХ
НАЗИВА
419
РЕГИСТАР ЛИЧНИХ ИМЕНА
426
БЕЛЕШКА
О ПИСЦУ
431
416_
мера и одмаздама, носиоци отпора су гинули у сукобима,
њихове
породице
кажњаване,
а покрет отпора не само да
није
уништен него се ширио. Дошло
je
дотле да су те локалне снаге
17.
октобра
1918.
оружаном
акцијом
саме
ослобо-
диле Трстеник и да
je
српска
војска (солунци)
ушла у
ослобођено
место.
Србија
(а у ньеним оквирима Трстенички срез) током Првог светског ра-
та
имала
je
огромне
људске
губитке.
Погинуло
je
или умрло више од половине
војно
мобилисаних. У Срезу трстеничком
je
1914.
и
1915.
мобилисано око
9.500
војних
обвезника, од
којих
je
током рата
погинуло
или умрло око
4.700
обвезника или
8,20%
од укупног
броја становника
среза
установљеног
поли¬
сом из
1910.
године. У
епидемијама
и од осталих болести масовно
je
страдало
и
цивилно
становништво. Трстенички срез
je
крајем
1910.
имао
38.846
жите-
л>а,
а десет
година
касније
35.629.
У место да
забележи
прираштај
од неколико
хиљада
становника, регистровая
je
мањак
од
2.291.
Многе породице су иско-
рењене, јер
су
сви
њихови
чланови
током
рата изгинули или изумрли!
TRSTENIK
AND ITS SURROUNDING
IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR
1914-1918
Summary
Austria-Hungary held Serbia responsible for the assassination of Franz Ferdinand,
successor to the throne, which took place on the 28th June
1914
in Sarajevo. Exactly one
month later, it declared war on Serbia and the military operations started the next day. As
Serbian government was anticipating such development, already on the 25th July all availa¬
ble men were mobilized. The buildings of elementary schools in Trstenik and Vrnjacka
Ba¬
nja
were taken to serve the purpose of spare military hospitals. The majority of the male po¬
pulation was recruited in the military units, including the teachers. Consequently, there was
a scarcity of manpower in industries, crafts, trading, schools and agriculture. The prices of
products went up and there were shortages.
Until the end of
1914,
the armies of Austria-Hungary invaded North-western Serbia
twice and were both times defeated and banished, in the battles of
Cer
and Kolubara. Aro¬
und
70,000
Austro-Hungarian soldiers and officers were taken prisoners, and some of them
were allocated in the area of Trstenik. The Serbian army also suffered great losses in those
operations. The refugees from the endangered areas, both from the cities and villages, were
moving to the more secure parts of the country, including Trstenik, Vrnjacka
Banja
and the
nearby villages.
In December 1914 a great typhoid epidemics swept through Serbia, causing the death
of around
100,000
solders and
400.000
civilians. More than
1.100
inhabitants died in the co¬
unty of Trstenik alone. From the beginning of hostilities, spare military hospitals in Trstenik
and Vrnjacka
Banja
were crowded with Serbia and Austro-Hungarian wounded and sick.
They were dying of wounds, typhus and other diseases. Two additional British hospitals we¬
re opened in Vrnjacka
Banja
in
1914,
equipped with excellent doctors, who had an impor¬
tant role in healing the wounded and sick. In October
1915
they were further reinforced with
another two British hospitals.
_417
In the beginning of October
1915,
a joint offensive of Austro-Hungarian and German
armies was launched from the North and the West, followed by the Bulgarian invasion from
the East one week later. Serbian army was fiercely resisting, but could not sustain the pres¬
sure. By the beginning of the December
1915
the entire country was occupied, and the ma¬
jority of Serbian army and civilian refugees withdrew through Montenegro and Albania to
the Albanian seaside, and was further transported to the Greek island of Corfu. The army
was restructured, equipped and rearmed there, and was transported to the frontlines near
Thessalonica in spring
1916.
It took part in new fights until the liberation of the country.
In autumn
1915,
the rivers of refugees were flowing to
Trstenik, Vrnjacka Banja
and
the valley of Western
Morava.
Many distinguished people of the political, social and cultu¬
ral elite were also located there. In turn, many inhabitants of Trstenik also fled before the
area was occupied. The most prominent citizens of Trstenik surrendered the city to the
enemy on the November 7th
1915.
Vrnjacka
Banja
surrendered two days later. Serbian wo¬
unded and suck were withdrawn from the military hospitals, and some were taken prisoners.
The personal of the four British hospitals remained in Vrnjacka
Banja
with their patients and
was consequently imprisoned. However, the action of International Red Cross and the neu¬
tral countries allowed them to return to Great Britain in February
1916.
The structuring of the occupational Military General Government in Serbia was drag¬
ging until April
1916.
The district of Krusevac and the Trstenik County were incorporated
into the area Government on the
11
February
1916.
With minor corrections, the existing ad¬
ministrative and territorial division of country was preserved until January
1916,
The presi¬
dent of the municipality of Trstenik was reputed local merchant
Vasa Andjelkovic,
who sub¬
sequently became the head of the Trstenik county. His was a unique example of the local
Serb being appointed for such a position in the occupied Serbia. Andjelkovic remained at his
post until the
1
March
1917,
when "Serbian county chancery" was disbanded. He remained
at the post of a president of the municipality. In contrast, Vrnjacka
Banja
changed three mu¬
nicipal presidents during the occupation, as two of them, both doctors, were arrested. The le¬
aders of local communities had no independence in their post, as their task was to follow the
orders of the occupying forces.
.
The position of the military commander of the Trstenik county was of much greater
importance. It was held by four Austro-Hungarian officers who were at that post in average
shorter than a month. The following two commanders stood at the post for about
5
months
each. Only the last commander, Lt. Colonel
Eisenhut
remained at the post for
15
months.
The commanders were aided by the experts for economy, security and public affairs, as well
as the military squad. This entourage was also changing with the commander. During the
entire period of occupation, Trstenik was secured with a military post and the station of the
gendarmerie. Vrnjacka
Banja,
Medvedja and Ribnik had only gendarmerie posts. In local
centres there were also permanent detectives (spies). Their mission was to recruit informers
within locals, keep a track of the local dynamics and of the mood of the population, and in¬
form their superiors, who used the information in decision-making. Espionage penetrated
deeply local population.
During the first months of occupation, local refugees were intercepted and captured
by the enemy forces and returned to the area of Trstenik. The majority of the refugees from
the northern parts of Serbia abandoned Vrnjacka
Banja,
Trstenik and the nearby villages,
although some of them stayed there until the end of the war. All of the Serbian military per¬
sonal captured at the front was imprisoned, or have turned in to the occupational govern¬
ment. Population available for military service (from
18
to
50)
was interned en masse,
alongside with many elderly people, woman and children. This action was conducted imme¬
diately after the occupation of the country, as the enemy considered them a potential threat
for the security of the occupied territory. New imprisonments were made in the summer
1916
and spring
1917.
Prisoners were dying in large numbers of hunger, epidemics and ot-
418 _
her diseases in the camps in Germany, Austri-Hungary and Bulgaria. The occupying forces
had long-term plans for economical exploitation of Serbia, but the lack of manpower was
undermining the implementation. The smaller number of interned was therefore transported
to work in Serbia, and the other ones were released and sent home.
In the autumn
1915
occupying forces confiscated all the food stocks for people and
cattle, as well as the industrial products in state and private ownership. During the entire pe¬
riod of occupation, many commodities and raw materials (copper, tin, bronze, wool, cotton,
wheat, corn, grapes, plums, apples, peaches.) were continuously plundered. The guaran¬
teed supply of the population was imposed onto cities of Serbia. If there was any flower, the
daily ratio of bread was
200
grams at first, and than it shrank to
120
grams. The intention
was to impose the same ratio onto villages, but the peasants were concealing their wheat,
processing it in their own arrangement and protecting themselves from famine in such man¬
ner. Livestock was also confiscated, and the entire villages remained practically without cat¬
tle. Three days in the week were declared "non-meat" and "no-fat", and the population co¬
uld in effect forget about this commodities. Almost all the stocks of vine and spirits were ta¬
ken or bought off at the low price. From
1916
onwards the occupying power was buying off
all the production of grapes and plums and was processing it. The monopoly-related mer¬
chandise (salt, sugar, petroleum.) was rare and was sold to the people very rarely.
There were no great epidemics during the occupation. Some of the contiguous disea¬
ses were minimalized or even extinguished. However, due to the chronic malnutrition, tu¬
berculosis was a common occurrence. During the final stages of the liberation of Serbia in
October
1918,
the country was overtaken by a horrific epidemic of Spanish influence. In the
area of Trstenik it took another
1.267
lives.
From February to April
1916,
during the existence of "Serbian county chancery", se¬
veral elementary schools were opened in the area, and they were equipped with Serbian te¬
achers. During the April all of those schools were closed, and replaced with a single school
in Trstenik, in which a Croatian teacher, junior officer in reserve, was teaching. The school
was operational until the end of the war, usually having two teachers originating from the
South Slavonic parts of the Austria-Hungary.
Occupied Serbia lacked the security of life and property. Even an ordinary enemy
so¬
lider
or gendarme could take away which ever property or kill anybody without a fear that
he might be held responsible. Dozens of people from the Trstenik County were shot for in¬
significant or invented reasons. The population was deeply unsatisfied with such treatment
and was organising resistance. Armed or unarmed individuals and groups, were hiding or ar¬
ming, connecting and coordinating in organisation of resistance. They were most frequently
taking revenge upon local collaborators of the occupying force, and were shooting their ene¬
mies only when they had no other option, due to the urge to spare the local population of re¬
taliation.
Central and local government was trying to subvert the resistance by taking very
sharp measures. The resistors were put to death, their families were punished, but the resi¬
stance was not extinguished. It was in fact spreading. Consequently, Trstenik was liberated
by those local forces on the 17th of October
1918.
Serbian army just marched into the libera¬
ted city.
Serbia and Trstenik itself has suffered enormous casualties in the First World War.
More than half of the mobilized man perished. In the county of Trstenik
9.500
men were
mobiHzed in
1914
and
1915,
out of which
4.700
died. That amounts to
8.20%
of the entire
population according to the census of
1910.
Epidemics and other diseases caused more mor¬
tality, particularly among civilians. In
1910,
the area of Trstenik had
38.846
inhabitants, ten
years later there were
35.629.
Instead of the normal growth of population for couple of thou¬
sands, there was a loss of
2.291
inhabitants. Many families were completely extinguished, as
all of their members perished in the course of the war. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Milenković, Toma |
| author_facet | Milenković, Toma |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Milenković, Toma |
| author_variant | t m tm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023191606 |
| classification_rvk | NP 4410 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)229908452 (DE-599)BVBBV023191606 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Trstenik Region (DE-588)7603266-8 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Trstenik Region |
| id | DE-604.BV023191606 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T20:04:55Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:12:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788674031155 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016377985 |
| oclc_num | 229908452 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 432 S. Ill. |
| psigel | BSBWK1 |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Inst. za Savremenu Istoriju |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Biblioteka Posebna izdanja / Institut za Savremenu Istoriju |
| spelling | Milenković, Toma Verfasser aut Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 Toma Milenković 1. izd. Beograd Inst. za Savremenu Istoriju 2007 432 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biblioteka Posebna izdanja / Institut za Savremenu Istoriju 12 In kyrill. Schr., serb. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Trstenik and its surrounding in the First world war 1914 - 1918 Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd rswk-swf Trstenik Region (DE-588)7603266-8 gnd rswk-swf Trstenik Region (DE-588)7603266-8 g Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 s DE-604 Institut za Savremenu Istoriju Biblioteka Posebna izdanja 12 (DE-604)BV022532011 12 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016377985&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016377985&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Milenković, Toma Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4079163-4 (DE-588)7603266-8 |
| title | Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 |
| title_auth | Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 |
| title_exact_search | Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 |
| title_full | Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 Toma Milenković |
| title_fullStr | Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 Toma Milenković |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu 1914 - 1918 Toma Milenković |
| title_short | Trstenik i okolina u Prvom svetskom ratu |
| title_sort | trstenik i okolina u prvom svetskom ratu 1914 1918 |
| title_sub | 1914 - 1918 |
| topic | Erster Weltkrieg (DE-588)4079163-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Erster Weltkrieg Trstenik Region |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016377985&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016377985&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV022532011 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT milenkovictoma trstenikiokolinauprvomsvetskomratu19141918 |