Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej:
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polish |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN [u.a.]
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Seria Wschodnia
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Internal security in the policy of the Polish state in the north-eastern territories of the Second Republic of Poland Includes bibliographical references (p. 354-[387]) and index |
| Beschreibung: | 400 p. 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788373991996 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej |c Wojciech Śleszyński |
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| 490 | 0 | |a Seria Wschodnia | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Internal security in the policy of the Polish state in the north-eastern territories of the Second Republic of Poland | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 354-[387]) and index | ||
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte 1919-1939 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Internal security / Former Polish Eastern Territories | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Politik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Internal security |z Former Polish Eastern Territories | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137390618443776 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
Ważniejsze skróty
............................................................................. 7
Wstęp
................................................................................................. 9
Część I
Zagadnienie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w koncepcjach
politycznych władz polskich w latach
1919-1939.................... 32
Część
II
Kształtowanie się struktur administracyjnych i aparatu
bezpieczeństwa na ziemiach północno-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej
..................................................................... 46
Rozdział
1.
Formowanie się administracji państwowej
.......... 46
1.
Między federacją a inkorporacją
-
Zarząd Cywilny Ziem
Wschodnich
(1919-1920)....................................................... 47
2.
Ostatnia próba realizacji koncepcji federacyjnej
-
Litwa
Środkowa
(1920-1922)........................................................... 54
3.
Unifikacja administracji
-
budowa struktur wojewódzkich
i powiatowych. Rola wojewody i starosty
(1920-1939)......... 58
Rozdział
2.
Organizacja służb bezpieczeństwa
........................ 72
1.
Żandarmeria polowa i Policja Zarządu Cywilnego Ziem
Wschodnich
............................................................................. 72
2.
Policja Litwy Środkowej
......................................................... 78
3.
Wojewódzkie oraz powiatowe Wydziały i Referaty
Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego
.................................................. 83
4.
Policja Państwowa
................................................................... 88
5.
Formacje graniczne
................................................................. 119
6.
Wojsko a bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne państwa
..................... 147
Część
Ш
Urzeczywistnienie założeń polityki państwa i działalność aparatu
bezpieczeństwa na ziemiach północno-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej
..................................................................... 170
Rozdział
1.
Realizacja działań politycznych
............................ 170
1.
Polityka narodowościowa
-
między konsolidacją narodową
a państwową
............................................................................ 170
2.
Wychować lojalnych obywateli
.............................................. 182
3.
Kwestia wyznaniowa
............................................................... 196
4.
Zmienić strukturę narodowościową
-
koncepcje przesiedle¬
nia ludności polskiej
................................................................ 233
5.
Próby pozyskania przychylności miejscowych społeczności
przez administracje polską
...................................................... 244
Rozdział
2.
Działalność organów bezpieczeństwa
................... 256
1.
Kontrolować czy likwidować
-
władze państwowe wobec
działalności ruchu komunistycznego i aktywności politycz¬
nej mniejszości narodowych
(1919-1939).............................. 256
2.
Opanować sytuację
-
walka z działalnością dywersyjną
(1920-1925)............................................................................ 293
3.
Utrzymać spokój
-
zapobieganie i zwalczanie działalności
antypaństwowej
(1926-1939)................................................. 312
Epilog
................................................................................................. 331
W godzinie próby
-
utrzymanie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego
we wrześniu
1939
roku
.............................................................. 331
Zakończenie
....................................................................................... 346
Spis tabel
............................................................................................ 353
Wykaz źródeł i literatury
................................................................. 354
Aneks
.................................................................................................. 388
Summary
............................................................................................ 390
Indeks nazwisk
.................................................................................. 392
Summary
Internal security in the policy of the Polish state in the north-eastern
territories of the Second Republic of Poland.
Internal security was the most important and the most difficult matter the
Polish state had to deal with in the north-eastern territories of the Second Re¬
public of Poland. The problem, posed by the multiethnic and multicultural char¬
acter of the region, involved not only national or religious aspirations of Poles,
Belorussians, Lithuanians, Jews, Russians and Ukrainians, but also conflicts of
socio-class interests (especially between Polish and Belorussian residents).
The state s policy concerning the internal security and security services
between
1919
and
1939
can be divided into five periods which characterise
the country s situation before the May
Coup d État
(1919-1920, 1921-1925)
and after it
(1926-1929,1930-1934,1935-1939).
The first period
(1919-1920)
concentrated on the rebuilding of the Polish
statehood. There were, nevertheless, certain antagonisms between supporters
of a federal concept and their opponents favouring incorporation. The Civil¬
ian Administration of the Eastern Territories, established in
1919,
was to help
-
according to
Józef Pilsudski
-
accomplish the federal concept. Actually, it
turned out to be inefficient as the Polish society in the Borderlands found it in¬
expedient to share its privileges with other nations. Additionally, the admin¬
istration, in opposition to its name, was perceived by the majority of locals as
an occupying institution, which was many a time confirmed by reprehensible
behaviour of some clerks and army s doings.
The second period
(1921-1925)
was the most difficult in terms of inter¬
nal security maintenance, which resulted from the lack of stabilisation after
World War I and sabotage-supporting neighbours
-
the Republic of Lithuania
and Bolshevik Russia. The years
1921-1925
were devoted not only to the
construction of state s structures and the search for the best political concepts.
They faced the reorganisation of the security services as well. The role of
heads of provinces
(województwa)
and counties
(powiaty)
was strengthened.
In
1924
the posts of the governors in Novogrodok and Polesye Provinces were
390
filled by generals. Similarly, the Polish state police, border security services
and army intelligence service underwent structural changes.
In
1923
and
1925
the Republic of Lithuania and the Soviet Union respec¬
tively withdrew their support for Belorussian guerrilla groups, which conse¬
quently led to a drop in the number of sabotage acts, and, at the same time,
coincided with the rising effectiveness of the Polish security services.
The years
1926-1929
witnessed not only the change in the Soviet Union s
policy (which directly influenced the Borderlands) but also the redefinition of
Polish political life. National minority groups hoped
Józef Piłsudski
and his ad¬
herents (the so-called
sanacja)
would improve their standards of living. Although
the
coup d état
introduced certain changes, they concentrated on economic or
cultural needs of the Polish society and remained heedless of the needs of the mi¬
norities. In fact,
sanacja
stuck to the methods propagated before the
coup d état
and rejected any suggestions of granting autonomy to the Borderlands.
Between
1930
and
1934
the government gradually stopped seeking an
agreement with the minorities. After having won the
1930
election,
Piłsudski
s
adherents decided to take more repressive measures against them. It was also
noticeable that the security services concentrated on preventing anti-state ac¬
tivities and kept citizens and organisations (not only the Communist Party of
Western Belorussia but also pro-state ones) under surveillance. They used
more and more widely paid and non-paid (voluntary) informants (such as
clerks, teachers, railwaymen and foresters). The informants, however, did not
always provide reliable information.
The last period in the history of the Second Republic of Poland
(1935-1939)
began with the ratification of the April Constitution and then
Piłsudski
s
death.
The internal policy became more radical and
sanacja
ferociously attacked its
opponents. Provincial and local governors started closing non-Polish schools
and other educational institutions. The governors of Vilnius and Polesye Prov¬
inces, for example, took decisive steps to speed up Polonisation process in the
east. At the end of the
1930s
the government saw no need to activate pro-state
minority groups any more. What is more, the number of anti-state groups in
the north-eastern territories diminished after the Communist Party of Western
Belorussia had ceased to exist in
1938.
The government s policy proved to be
fruitful and the economic situation improved slowly but steadily. It was obvious
that the security services kept everything under control.
The situation changed dramatically after the outbreak of World War II.
The Borderlands, attacked by the Soviet Army, were stirred up by social and
political unrest. The September of
1939
made the Polish government realise
it failed to create the state that would be attractive and friendly to the minority
groups inhabiting it.
391
|
| adam_txt |
SPIS TREŚCI
Ważniejsze skróty
. 7
Wstęp
. 9
Część I
Zagadnienie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego w koncepcjach
politycznych władz polskich w latach
1919-1939. 32
Część
II
Kształtowanie się struktur administracyjnych i aparatu
bezpieczeństwa na ziemiach północno-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej
. 46
Rozdział
1.
Formowanie się administracji państwowej
. 46
1.
Między federacją a inkorporacją
-
Zarząd Cywilny Ziem
Wschodnich
(1919-1920). 47
2.
Ostatnia próba realizacji koncepcji federacyjnej
-
Litwa
Środkowa
(1920-1922). 54
3.
Unifikacja administracji
-
budowa struktur wojewódzkich
i powiatowych. Rola wojewody i starosty
(1920-1939). 58
Rozdział
2.
Organizacja służb bezpieczeństwa
. 72
1.
Żandarmeria polowa i Policja Zarządu Cywilnego Ziem
Wschodnich
. 72
2.
Policja Litwy Środkowej
. 78
3.
Wojewódzkie oraz powiatowe Wydziały i Referaty
Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego
. 83
4.
Policja Państwowa
. 88
5.
Formacje graniczne
. 119
6.
Wojsko a bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne państwa
. 147
Część
Ш
Urzeczywistnienie założeń polityki państwa i działalność aparatu
bezpieczeństwa na ziemiach północno-wschodnich
II
Rzeczypospolitej
. 170
Rozdział
1.
Realizacja działań politycznych
. 170
1.
Polityka narodowościowa
-
między konsolidacją narodową
a państwową
. 170
2.
Wychować lojalnych obywateli
. 182
3.
Kwestia wyznaniowa
. 196
4.
Zmienić strukturę narodowościową
-
koncepcje przesiedle¬
nia ludności polskiej
. 233
5.
Próby pozyskania przychylności miejscowych społeczności
przez administracje polską
. 244
Rozdział
2.
Działalność organów bezpieczeństwa
. 256
1.
Kontrolować czy likwidować
-
władze państwowe wobec
działalności ruchu komunistycznego i aktywności politycz¬
nej mniejszości narodowych
(1919-1939). 256
2.
Opanować sytuację
-
walka z działalnością dywersyjną
(1920-1925). 293
3.
Utrzymać spokój
-
zapobieganie i zwalczanie działalności
antypaństwowej
(1926-1939). 312
Epilog
. 331
W godzinie próby
-
utrzymanie bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego
we wrześniu
1939
roku
. 331
Zakończenie
. 346
Spis tabel
. 353
Wykaz źródeł i literatury
. 354
Aneks
. 388
Summary
. 390
Indeks nazwisk
. 392
Summary
Internal security in the policy of the Polish state in the north-eastern
territories of the Second Republic of Poland.
Internal security was the most important and the most difficult matter the
Polish state had to deal with in the north-eastern territories of the Second Re¬
public of Poland. The problem, posed by the multiethnic and multicultural char¬
acter of the region, involved not only national or religious aspirations of Poles,
Belorussians, Lithuanians, Jews, Russians and Ukrainians, but also conflicts of
socio-class interests (especially between Polish and Belorussian residents).
The state's policy concerning the internal security and security services
between
1919
and
1939
can be divided into five periods which characterise
the country's situation before the May
Coup d'État
(1919-1920, 1921-1925)
and after it
(1926-1929,1930-1934,1935-1939).
The first period
(1919-1920)
concentrated on the rebuilding of the Polish
statehood. There were, nevertheless, certain antagonisms between supporters
of a federal concept and their opponents favouring incorporation. The Civil¬
ian Administration of the Eastern Territories, established in
1919,
was to help
-
according to
Józef Pilsudski
-
accomplish the federal concept. Actually, it
turned out to be inefficient as the Polish society in the Borderlands found it in¬
expedient to share its privileges with other nations. Additionally, the admin¬
istration, in opposition to its name, was perceived by the majority of locals as
an occupying institution, which was many a time confirmed by reprehensible
behaviour of some clerks and army's doings.
The second period
(1921-1925)
was the most difficult in terms of inter¬
nal security maintenance, which resulted from the lack of stabilisation after
World War I and sabotage-supporting neighbours
-
the Republic of Lithuania
and Bolshevik Russia. The years
1921-1925
were devoted not only to the
construction of state's structures and the search for the best political concepts.
They faced the reorganisation of the security services as well. The role of
heads of provinces
(województwa)
and counties
(powiaty)
was strengthened.
In
1924
the posts of the governors in Novogrodok and Polesye Provinces were
390
filled by generals. Similarly, the Polish state police, border security services
and army intelligence service underwent structural changes.
In
1923
and
1925
the Republic of Lithuania and the Soviet Union respec¬
tively withdrew their support for Belorussian guerrilla groups, which conse¬
quently led to a drop in the number of sabotage acts, and, at the same time,
coincided with the rising effectiveness of the Polish security services.
The years
1926-1929
witnessed not only the change in the Soviet Union's
policy (which directly influenced the Borderlands) but also the redefinition of
Polish political life. National minority groups hoped
Józef Piłsudski
and his ad¬
herents (the so-called
sanacja)
would improve their standards of living. Although
the
coup d'état
introduced certain changes, they concentrated on economic or
cultural needs of the Polish society and remained heedless of the needs of the mi¬
norities. In fact,
sanacja
stuck to the methods propagated before the
coup d'état
and rejected any suggestions of granting autonomy to the Borderlands.
Between
1930
and
1934
the government gradually stopped seeking an
agreement with the minorities. After having won the
1930
election,
Piłsudski'
s
adherents decided to take more repressive measures against them. It was also
noticeable that the security services concentrated on preventing anti-state ac¬
tivities and kept citizens and organisations (not only the Communist Party of
Western Belorussia but also pro-state ones) under surveillance. They used
more and more widely paid and non-paid (voluntary) informants (such as
clerks, teachers, railwaymen and foresters). The informants, however, did not
always provide reliable information.
The last period in the history of the Second Republic of Poland
(1935-1939)
began with the ratification of the April Constitution and then
Piłsudski'
s
death.
The internal policy became more radical and
sanacja
ferociously attacked its
opponents. Provincial and local governors started closing non-Polish schools
and other educational institutions. The governors of Vilnius and Polesye Prov¬
inces, for example, took decisive steps to speed up Polonisation process in the
east. At the end of the
1930s
the government saw no need to activate pro-state
minority groups any more. What is more, the number of anti-state groups in
the north-eastern territories diminished after the Communist Party of Western
Belorussia had ceased to exist in
1938.
The government's policy proved to be
fruitful and the economic situation improved slowly but steadily. It was obvious
that the security services kept everything under control.
The situation changed dramatically after the outbreak of World War II.
The Borderlands, attacked by the Soviet Army, were stirred up by social and
political unrest. The September of
1939
made the Polish government realise
it failed to create the state that would be attractive and friendly to the minority
groups inhabiting it.
391 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Śleszyński, Wojciech 1970- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1165524317 |
| author_facet | Śleszyński, Wojciech 1970- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Śleszyński, Wojciech 1970- |
| author_variant | w ś wś |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023121558 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HV8227 |
| callnumber-raw | HV8227.7.A2 |
| callnumber-search | HV8227.7.A2 |
| callnumber-sort | HV 48227.7 A2 |
| callnumber-subject | HV - Social Pathology, Criminology |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)171346469 (DE-599)BVBBV023121558 |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 1919-1939 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1919-1939 |
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| geographic | Poland / Politics and government / 1918-1945 Polen Poland Politics and government 1918-1945 Polen Nordost (DE-588)4271793-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Poland / Politics and government / 1918-1945 Polen Poland Politics and government 1918-1945 Polen Nordost |
| id | DE-604.BV023121558 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:51:45Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:11:32Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788373991996 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016324024 |
| oclc_num | 171346469 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 400 p. 25 cm |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN [u.a.] |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Seria Wschodnia |
| spelling | Śleszyński, Wojciech 1970- Verfasser (DE-588)1165524317 aut Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej Wojciech Śleszyński Wyd. 1. Warszawa Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN [u.a.] 2007 400 p. 25 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Seria Wschodnia Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Internal security in the policy of the Polish state in the north-eastern territories of the Second Republic of Poland Includes bibliographical references (p. 354-[387]) and index Geschichte 1919-1939 gnd rswk-swf Internal security / Former Polish Eastern Territories Politik Internal security Former Polish Eastern Territories Innere Sicherheit (DE-588)4127888-4 gnd rswk-swf Poland / Politics and government / 1918-1945 Polen Poland Politics and government 1918-1945 Polen Nordost (DE-588)4271793-0 gnd rswk-swf Polen Nordost (DE-588)4271793-0 g Innere Sicherheit (DE-588)4127888-4 s Geschichte 1919-1939 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016324024&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016324024&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Śleszyński, Wojciech 1970- Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej Internal security / Former Polish Eastern Territories Politik Internal security Former Polish Eastern Territories Innere Sicherheit (DE-588)4127888-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127888-4 (DE-588)4271793-0 |
| title | Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_auth | Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_exact_search | Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_full | Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej Wojciech Śleszyński |
| title_fullStr | Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej Wojciech Śleszyński |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej Wojciech Śleszyński |
| title_short | Bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne w polityce państwa polskiego na ziemiach północno-wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej |
| title_sort | bezpieczenstwo wewnetrzne w polityce panstwa polskiego na ziemiach polnocno wschodnich ii rzeczypospolitej |
| topic | Internal security / Former Polish Eastern Territories Politik Internal security Former Polish Eastern Territories Innere Sicherheit (DE-588)4127888-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Internal security / Former Polish Eastern Territories Politik Internal security Former Polish Eastern Territories Innere Sicherheit Poland / Politics and government / 1918-1945 Polen Poland Politics and government 1918-1945 Polen Nordost |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016324024&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016324024&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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