Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Slovak |
| Published: |
Bratislava
Ústav Pamäti Národa
2007
|
| Edition: | 1. vyd. |
| Series: | Edícia Monografie
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 239 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9788096929672 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Medvecký, Matej |d 1977- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)159570190 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký |c Matej Medvecký |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Kauza Imrich Sucký |
| 250 | |a 1. vyd. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Bratislava |b Ústav Pamäti Národa |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a 239 S. |b Ill. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a Edícia Monografie | |
| 500 | |a Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 600 | 1 | 4 | |a Sucký, Imrich |
| 600 | 1 | 7 | |a Sucký, Imrich |d 1899-1973 |0 (DE-588)133946010 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a Sbor národní bezpečnosti (Czechoslovakia) |x History |v Sources |
| 648 | 4 | |a Geschichte 1900-2000 | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Kommunismus | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Communism |z Czechoslovakia |x History |v Sources | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Detectives |z Slovakia |v Biography |v Sources | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Internal security |z Slovakia |x History |y 20th century |v Sources | |
| 651 | 4 | |a Tschechoslowakei | |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4006804-3 |a Biografie |2 gnd-content | |
| 655 | 7 | |0 (DE-588)4135952-5 |a Quelle |2 gnd-content | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Sucký, Imrich |d 1899-1973 |0 (DE-588)133946010 |D p |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016307912&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804137365357199360 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
Úvod
.........................................7
Prolog
.......................................15
1.
kapitola
Ústředna
štátnej
bezpečnosti
....................21
2.
kapitola
Komunistické
oddelenie ÚŠB
.....................59
2.1.
Spolupráca medzi ÚŠB a Gestapom
.............68
3.
kapitola
Akcie proti
komunistom
.........................83
3.1.
Zatknutie I. ilegálneho ÚV
....................90
3.2.
Zatknutie
II.
ilegálneho ÚV
..................104
3.2.1.
Špionážna skupina Fomferra
-
Schwarz
........104
3.2.2.
II.
ilegálne ÚV
..........................117
3.3.
Falošné peniaze
. ........................121
3.4.
Zatknutie
III.
¡legálneho ÚV
..................122
3.5.
Zatknutie
IV
ilegálneho ÚV
..................131
3.B. Aktivity komunistického oddelenia na východnom
Slovensku
1943 - 1944....................142
3.7.
Niektoré aspekty vyšetrovania členov
У.
ilegálneho ÚV KSS
......................150
3.8.
Komunistické oddelenie ÚŠB a SNP
............152
3.9.
Útek Širokého a Ďuriša z väzenia
..............165
4.
Povojnové osudy
4.1.
Pred
Ludovým
súdom
......................171
4.2.
Život v exile
.............................177
4.3.
Akcia „BARAN
..........................179
4.4.
Únos
.................................189
4.5.
Politická aféra
...........................194
4.6.
Ďalšie osudy
............................198
Summary
....................................201
Použité pramene a literatúra
......................207
Menný register
................................213
Prílohy
.....................................223
Summary
Imrich Sucký
entered the Police Corps in
1919
and in
1924
started to
work in the Intelligence Department of the Police Directorate in Bratislava.
In late
1920s,
Sucký
with his other colleagues were collecting evidence
against
Vojtech
Tuka
(Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic
1939 -1944),
who was trialed as a spy for Hungary in
1929.
Later
Sucký
claimed that
his role in this particular case was very important and that it was him who
stole the incriminating document from the
Tuka
s
brief-case. However,
as the corpora delicti were acquired illegally, the judge could not use
them in a trial. He became famous as head of a group of detectives of
Communist
(3.
C, later
4)
Department of the then Slovak State Security
Headquarters.
Sucký
was very „famous because of his very successful
action against Communists.
In
1940,
the State Security Headquarters
(ÚŠB)
was established.
The
ÚŠB
s
main aim was to inquire treasonous criminal acts and defensive
intelligence,
Sucký
and many other policemen were transferred to work
there. At first
Sucký
was Head of detectives of
2.
Departement
(counter
-
intelligence). But at first
ÚŠB
was not very successful against the illegal
communist networks. They were mainly arresting communists for minor
crimes (e.g. sedition) and did not really disclose large communist under-
groud groups.
As the Germans had their own agency networks and knew about ille¬
gal communist structures, later in the year
1940
they persuaded the Slovak
government to wide out the Communist Department of the State Security
Headquarters. This really happened and
Sucký,
as an experienced intelli¬
gence officer, become a head of a group of detectives of this Department.
The Germans also organized classes for Slovak policemen. In this way the
Slovaks should have learnt how to fight the illegal communist movement
more efficiently.
201
The lesson was taken and in the next years the
ÚŠB
had many suc¬
cesses^ against the communist resistance movement. In summer
1941
Viliam Široký
(the later Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
1953 -1963),
an
emissary from Moscow, was arrested. Just several days after his arrival
to Slovakia. After this success the
ÚŠB
was able to trace down the whole
District Committee in
Banská
Bystrica with its head
František Vavro.
And
later on, with the help of
František
Vavro, who become a confident of the
ÚŠB, Sucký
and his colleagues were able to show up leaders of the illegal
Communist Party (Central Committee). Later on they showed up also
3
ot¬
her Central Committees. Many communists were arrested, e.g.
Július Ďuriš
(1945 - 1951
Minister of Agriculture,
1953 - 1963
Minister of Finance),
Gustav
Husák
(later President of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic) or
Štefan
Bašťovanský
(later General Secretary of the Slovak Communist Party). This
means that
Sucký
knew many details from illegal Party life and also knew
much about the behaviour of the top-communists during the War. Such
successes were unthinkable without the broad use of confidents. These
successes also brought suspicions between the communists themselves.
The Communist Department and
Sucký
himself had also other
successes. As the communist underground was connected with the Soviet
espionage Europe-wide, by disclosing communist illegal groups the
ÚŠB
was in
1942
able to track down two Soviet residents
-
Hans Schwartz
and
Heinrich Fomferra.
They were originally sent to Hungary, but as the
Hungarian police started to suspect and be after them, both men moved
on to Slovakia. Their main aim was to obtain information about German
military transports, but also to prepare sabotage actions. With the help of
a confident,
Kurt Ehrenstein,
the
ÚŠB
was able to arrest them and find also
their transmitters.
Sucký
together with a famous communist hunter Otto
Koslowski from Gestapo in Brno took an active part on disclosing General
Zaimov, a Soviet resident in Sofia, or cooperated with Hungarian State
Security against the communist movement in Hungary. The cooperation
between the
ÚŠB
and Gestapo during when the Slovak Republic existed
was very wide.
The 4th
Departement
continued its fight against illegal communist
structures. The 2nd illegal Leadership was uncovered and arrested very
short by after it was formed, in the spring of
1942.
Owing to an accident
and redundant testimonies of the arrested communists.
Ján Osoha
stay¬
ed free again and later he formed the 3rd illegal Leadership, together with
Štefan
Dubček
and
Jozef Lietavec.
However, time necessary to uncover
202
and arrest this Leadership was even shorter. In the summer of
1942
all
3
members of the Leadership were behind bars.
After the fall of the 3rd Leadership, the illegal Communist Party for¬
med another one, which was lead by Stefan
Bašťovanský,
together with
Miloš Hrušovský
and
Štefan
Handera. As Handera was an police informant,
the Headquarters was monitoring the Leadership and later arrested all of
them, Handera as an informant was set free.
Only a shorttimeafterthe arrest of the 4th Leadershipthe
б 1
Leadership
was formed by
Karol
Šmidke, Gustav Husák and Ladislav Novomeský.
This
was the only illegal Leadership of the communist party, which was not
uncovered by the police. The main explanation for this situation may be,
that the employees of the 4th department of the
ÚŠB
wanted to have alibi
for the after-war period.
The Communist department of the
ÚŠB
also gained some informa¬
tion on the preparation of the Slovak National Uprising (hereinafter
SNP).
The informant Handera helped them to obtain a new informant
Jozef Klčo,
who provided the mentioned department with information on several pre-
parational actions related to the
SNR
However, the situation in resistance
movement in Slovakia was so confusing that the
ÚŠB
was not able to in¬
terpret It correctly.
After the breakout of the Slovak National Uprising, the Headquarters
lost most of its influence related to the state security issues, as the state
security was performed mainly by Germans and members of the
Hlinka s
Guard. Several high-ranked employees of the
ÚŠB
were even arrested by
the
Sicherheitsdienst
or Gestapo.
After the World War II
Sucký
was first found by the NKVD and he
was interrogated on the Fommferra-Schwartz case, later on he collabora¬
ted for about one month with the Soviets, who wanted to arrest the former
members of the Deutsche
Partei.
On May 15th
1945
Sucký
was arrested
in Bratislava (in a NKVD car) and was put to jail. After the war the so
called people s (retribution) trials were established to trial the
collabo¬
rants.
Sucký
was also trialed and he was sentenced to
20
months in pri¬
son, although his subordinated detectives (for example
Ján Zajac
or
Karol
Madluška)
were sentenced to
20
or even more years in prison.
Sucký
was
released soon after the verdict. His former colleagues from the
ÚŠB
later
claimed that some people rejected to witness against him, because he had
compromising information about them. During the after-war period
(1945
-1948)
Sucký
witnessed in many others retribution trials against his former
203
colleagues or confidents. And even more interesting is that as he was afraid
of being sentenced to a heavy penalty, he kept spreading information about
mighty people of that time. For example about
Matej
Bél,
a high-ranked
ŠtB
officer,
Sucký
said that he was an Hungarian agent. Some members
ofthat
time State Security (e.g.
Teodor
Baláž)
thought even about employing him
in the after-war State security.
However, in the after-war atmosphere
Sucký
could not be sure about
his freedom. And the situation changed rapidly in the year
1948.
After the
Coup in February when Communists persuaded President
Beneš
to re¬
engage the retribution codes (it was an initiative of
Alexej Čepička,
then
Minister of Justice),
Sucký
s
case was reopened. But he was warned early
enough to escape to Vienna. He immediately joined the vivid emigration life
in Austria s
capitol.
Sucký
also for some time worked for the American
military Counter Intelligence Corps.
Owing to his knowledge
Sucký
drew the attention of the communist
State Security
(ŠtB).
At first the
ŠtB
thought about kidnapping him. In
1951
Sucký
offered to Gabriel Kukorelli, an Czechoslovak agent who contacted
him, that he could sell his
memoires
to the Czechoslovak intelligence
service. This would disclose his war-time agents to the State Security. But
there was not a real will from the Czechoslovak side. According to
František
Mišeje, a ŠtB
officer, comrades in Prague and also Slovak communists did
not really want to have such delicate information, because many of them
were afraid that
ŠtB
could misuse it against them.
The attitude of the
ŠtB
changed a bit later, in
1955
the
ŠtB
even enrol¬
led him as an agent. However, this was only one option, the kidnapping was
still actual. The
ŠtB
contacted
Sucký
with the help of Alexander Oberta,
agent
OROL ,
who worked as a sailor in Dunajplavba. Oberta succeeded
in attaining
Sucký
s trust by helping him with the smuggling of money to
Czechoslovakia. Later Oberta was to arrange a meeting between
Sucký
and cpt.
Eduard Pafčo.
This meeting took place in one of the Vienna s
cafeterias on April 24th
1955,
where
Sucký
was to be enrolled. But the
meeting went not according to the plan, thanks to
Pafčo s
lapse it nearly
ended with a failure.
Pafčo
did not notice
Sucký
and Oberta sitting in the
cafeteria but
Sucký
noticed
Pafčo
looking for them. As
Sucký
was afraid of
being kidnapped, he left the cafeteria and it took longer time before Oberta
persuaded him to come back and talk to
Pafčo.
But at the end
Pafčo
and
Sucký
met and
Sucký
accepted the cooperation. However, as the
ŠtB
later
realized, only pro-forma. He was afraid of kidnapping all the time. His ope-
204
rative
officer
cpt.
Pafčo
was in fact unable to make him to fulfil the given
objectives.
Sucký
was mainly talking about his own police career.
By the same time the
ŠtB
realized also several other actions, connec¬
ted to
Sucký.
One was the action
ÚSTŘEDNA
(Headquarters) aimed to
uncover all recipients of smuggled money. Those money were sent by the
citizens of the United States of America to their kinsmen in Czechoslovakia.
The other action, which was executed by the
ŠtB
at that time was an acti¬
on aimed to uncover the old German networks in Czechoslovakia (agency
networks of Gestapo,
Abwehr
or
Sicherheitsdienst).
The cooperation lasted
only to the beggining of September
1955.
At this time the
ŠtB
started to
suspect that
Sucký
wanted to disclose the operative officer to the Austrian
police.
In November
1955
Sucký s
category was changed from agent to
informátor
(informer), because he was not fulfilling the tasks that the
ŠtB
officers gave him and the information he gave to the
ŠtB
was not really
relevant. Similarly to the period between
1945
and
1948,
he was only try¬
ing to make himself an important person and in this way he was trying to
prevent his kidnapping.
In
1957
the
ŠtB
prepared its last plan to kidnap
Sucký
from Vienna
to Czechoslovakia. This plan was finally realized on September 13th
1957.
The Czechoslovak agent who realized it was
Jozef
Bobek,
a former high-
positioned member of the
Hlinka
s
youth and a brother-in-law of a former
Hlinka s Slovak People s Party politician
Jozef Paučo,
who lived in the
United States of America and was an emigrant activist.
Bobek
was at first
sent abroad to infiltrate the emigrant organizations (Slovak National Council
in abroad). Later he was supposed to carry out only this task.
Sucký
trus¬
ted him also because he knew
Bobek
s
parents.
With
Bobek
s
help the action
ŘÍJEN
(October) could begin. On
1
2th
September
Bobek
had two meetings with Knap, a Czechoslovak resident in
Vienna. On those he was instructed in detail what to do and also how to put
a drug to
Sucký
s
wine.
Bobek
was also given a modified cigarette tip with
a drug inside it. On September 13th
1957
Sucky had a meeting with
Bobek
in a wine-house. After the drug took effect
Bobek
took him out from the
wine-house and, singing loudly, with the help of Czechoslovak residents in
Vienna put him to car. Then the Czechoslovak intelligence officers sprink¬
led the car with
slivovica
(plum brandy) and gave false Czechoslovak
warrants. The abductors and the victim crossed the borders in the area of
České Budějovice, Bobek
also stayed in Czechoslovakia.
205
At the end of
1950s,
the then Interior minister Rudolf
Barák
and the
Party leader
Antonín Novotný
planned to secure and improve their political
positions by discriminating
Viliam Široký,
who was at that time the Prime
Minister of Czechoslovakia. The kidnap was approved by
Barák
and also
Novotný
himself. The first pages of what later became known as
Sucký
s
protocols originated soon after the war in the Internal Commisionary
(Povereníctvo vnútra).
In these protocols, according to
Sucký, Viliam Široký
told important information about communist movement, Kominterna etc.
These protocols appeared again during the trial against Rudolf
Slánský,
when the Minister of National Security
Karol Bacílek
rejected them as fal¬
se. And when
Barák
became a Minister he decided to use them against
Široký.
After being kidnapped
Sucký
was daily interrogated. This is how the
Sucký
s
protocols came to existence.
These documents were meant to be used against
Široký.
According
to Barak s report that he brought forward to the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia,
Široký
had helped the
ÚŠB
and
Gestapo to disclosB many illegal communist cells all around the Nazi-oc¬
cupied Europe. Barak s report, however, was turned down by the Central
Committee. The Committee rejected it as not fully reliable, because the
information from
Sucký s
protocols could not be confirmed from other
source. The report turned in fact against
Barák,
because many members
of the Central Committee believed he could blackmail them in a similar way.
The interrogation of
Sucký
was to no help for the communists as it com¬
promised many of them. Therefore it should have been forgotten.
The life of
Imrich Sucký
is a unique story of a maker and also a victim
of intelligence operations. And the
Sucký s
protocols, although not used
in the way they were planned to be used, are a very important (but not
completely trustworthy) source to the 20th Century Slovak history. They not
only provide evidence on the Slovak Republic
1939-1945
history but also
provide evidence to the history of struggles inside the Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia at the end of
1950s.
206
|
| adam_txt |
Obsah
Úvod
.7
Prolog
.15
1.
kapitola
Ústředna
štátnej
bezpečnosti
.21
2.
kapitola
Komunistické
oddelenie ÚŠB
.59
2.1.
Spolupráca medzi ÚŠB a Gestapom
.68
3.
kapitola
Akcie proti
komunistom
.83
3.1.
Zatknutie I. ilegálneho ÚV
.90
3.2.
Zatknutie
II.
ilegálneho ÚV
.104
3.2.1.
Špionážna skupina Fomferra
-
Schwarz
.104
3.2.2.
II.
ilegálne ÚV
.117
3.3.
Falošné peniaze
. .121
3.4.
Zatknutie
III.
¡legálneho ÚV
.122
3.5.
Zatknutie
IV
ilegálneho ÚV
.131
3.B. Aktivity komunistického oddelenia na východnom
Slovensku
1943 - 1944.142
3.7.
Niektoré aspekty vyšetrovania členov
У.
ilegálneho ÚV KSS
.150
3.8.
Komunistické oddelenie ÚŠB a SNP
.152
3.9.
Útek Širokého a Ďuriša z väzenia
.165
4.
Povojnové osudy
4.1.
Pred
Ludovým
súdom
.171
4.2.
Život v exile
.177
4.3.
Akcia „BARAN"
.179
4.4.
Únos
.189
4.5.
Politická aféra
.194
4.6.
Ďalšie osudy
.198
Summary
.201
Použité pramene a literatúra
.207
Menný register
.213
Prílohy
.223
Summary
Imrich Sucký
entered the Police Corps in
1919
and in
1924
started to
work in the Intelligence Department of the Police Directorate in Bratislava.
In late
1920s,
Sucký
with his other colleagues were collecting evidence
against
Vojtech
Tuka
(Prime Minister of the Slovak Republic
1939 -1944),
who was trialed as a spy for Hungary in
1929.
Later
Sucký
claimed that
his role in this particular case was very important and that it was him who
stole the incriminating document from the
Tuka'
s
brief-case. However,
as the corpora delicti were acquired illegally, the judge could not use
them in a trial. He became "famous" as head of a group of detectives of
"Communist"
(3.
C, later
4)
Department of the then Slovak State Security
Headquarters.
Sucký
was very „famous" because of his very successful
action against Communists.
In
1940,
the State Security Headquarters
(ÚŠB)
was established.
The
ÚŠB
'
s
main aim was to inquire treasonous criminal acts and defensive
intelligence,
Sucký
and many other policemen were transferred to work
there. At first
Sucký
was Head of detectives of
2.
Departement
(counter
-
intelligence). But at first
ÚŠB
was not very successful against the illegal
communist networks. They were mainly arresting communists for minor
crimes (e.g. sedition) and did not really disclose large communist under-
groud groups.
As the Germans had their own agency networks and knew about ille¬
gal communist structures, later in the year
1940
they persuaded the Slovak
government to wide out the "Communist" Department of the State Security
Headquarters. This really happened and
Sucký,
as an experienced intelli¬
gence officer, become a head of a group of detectives of this Department.
The Germans also organized classes for Slovak policemen. In this way the
Slovaks should have learnt how to fight the illegal communist movement
more efficiently.
201
The lesson was taken and in the next years the
ÚŠB
had many suc¬
cesses^ against the communist resistance movement. In summer
1941
Viliam Široký
(the later Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia
1953 -1963),
an
emissary from Moscow, was arrested. Just several days after his arrival
to Slovakia. After this success the
ÚŠB
was able to trace down the whole
District Committee in
Banská
Bystrica with its head
František Vavro.
And
later on, with the help of
František
Vavro, who become a confident of the
ÚŠB, Sucký
and his colleagues were able to show up leaders of the illegal
Communist Party (Central Committee). Later on they showed up also
3
ot¬
her Central Committees. Many communists were arrested, e.g.
Július Ďuriš
(1945 - 1951
Minister of Agriculture,
1953 - 1963
Minister of Finance),
Gustav
Husák
(later President of Czechoslovak Socialist Republic) or
Štefan
Bašťovanský
(later General Secretary of the Slovak Communist Party). This
means that
Sucký
knew many details from illegal Party life and also knew
much about the behaviour of the top-communists during the War. Such
successes were unthinkable without the broad use of confidents. These
successes also brought suspicions between the communists themselves.
The "Communist" Department and
Sucký
himself had also other
successes. As the communist underground was connected with the Soviet
espionage Europe-wide, by disclosing communist illegal groups the
ÚŠB
was in
1942
able to track down two Soviet residents
-
Hans Schwartz
and
Heinrich Fomferra.
They were originally sent to Hungary, but as the
Hungarian police started to suspect and be after them, both men moved
on to Slovakia. Their main aim was to obtain information about German
military transports, but also to prepare sabotage actions. With the help of
a confident,
Kurt Ehrenstein,
the
ÚŠB
was able to arrest them and find also
their transmitters.
Sucký
together with a famous communist hunter Otto
Koslowski from Gestapo in Brno took an active part on disclosing General
Zaimov, a Soviet resident in Sofia, or cooperated with Hungarian State
Security against the communist movement in Hungary. The cooperation
between the
ÚŠB
and Gestapo during when the Slovak Republic existed
was very wide.
The 4th
Departement
continued its fight against illegal communist
structures. The 2nd illegal Leadership was uncovered and arrested very
short by after it was formed, in the spring of
1942.
Owing to an accident
and redundant testimonies of the arrested communists.
Ján Osoha
stay¬
ed free again and later he formed the 3rd illegal Leadership, together with
Štefan
Dubček
and
Jozef Lietavec.
However, time necessary to uncover
202
and arrest this Leadership was even shorter. In the summer of
1942
all
3
members of the Leadership were behind bars.
After the fall of the 3rd Leadership, the illegal Communist Party for¬
med another one, which was lead by Stefan
Bašťovanský,
together with
Miloš Hrušovský
and
Štefan
Handera. As Handera was an police informant,
the Headquarters was monitoring the Leadership and later arrested all of
them, Handera as an informant was set free.
Only a shorttimeafterthe arrest of the 4th Leadershipthe
б"1
Leadership
was formed by
Karol
Šmidke, Gustav Husák and Ladislav Novomeský.
This
was the only illegal Leadership of the communist party, which was not
uncovered by the police. The main explanation for this situation may be,
that the employees of the 4th department of the
ÚŠB
wanted to have alibi
for the after-war period.
The Communist department of the
ÚŠB
also gained some informa¬
tion on the preparation of the Slovak National Uprising (hereinafter
SNP).
The informant Handera helped them to obtain a new informant
Jozef Klčo,
who provided the mentioned department with information on several pre-
parational actions related to the
SNR
However, the situation in resistance
movement in Slovakia was so confusing that the
ÚŠB
was not able to in¬
terpret It correctly.
After the breakout of the Slovak National Uprising, the Headquarters
lost most of its influence related to the state security issues, as the state
security was performed mainly by Germans and members of the
Hlinka's
Guard. Several high-ranked employees of the
ÚŠB
were even arrested by
the
Sicherheitsdienst
or Gestapo.
After the World War II
Sucký
was first found by the NKVD and he
was interrogated on the Fommferra-Schwartz case, later on he collabora¬
ted for about one month with the Soviets, who wanted to arrest the former
members of the Deutsche
Partei.
On May 15th
1945
Sucký
was arrested
in Bratislava (in a NKVD car) and was put to jail. After the war the so
called "people's" (retribution) trials were established to trial the
collabo¬
rants.
Sucký
was also trialed and he was sentenced to
20
months in pri¬
son, although his subordinated detectives (for example
Ján Zajac
or
Karol
Madluška)
were sentenced to
20
or even more years in prison.
Sucký
was
released soon after the verdict. His former colleagues from the
ÚŠB
later
claimed that some people rejected to witness against him, because he had
compromising information about them. During the after-war period
(1945
-1948)
Sucký
witnessed in many others retribution trials against his former
203
colleagues or confidents. And even more interesting is that as he was afraid
of being sentenced to a heavy penalty, he kept spreading information about
mighty people of that time. For example about
Matej
Bél,
a high-ranked
ŠtB
officer,
Sucký
said that he was an Hungarian agent. Some members
ofthat
time State Security (e.g.
Teodor
Baláž)
thought even about employing him
in the after-war State security.
However, in the after-war atmosphere
Sucký
could not be sure about
his freedom. And the situation changed rapidly in the year
1948.
After the
Coup in February when Communists persuaded President
Beneš
to re¬
engage the retribution codes (it was an initiative of
Alexej Čepička,
then
Minister of Justice),
Sucký
'
s
case was reopened. But he was warned early
enough to escape to Vienna. He immediately joined the vivid emigration life
in Austria's
capitol.
Sucký
also for some time worked for the American
military Counter Intelligence Corps.
Owing to his knowledge
Sucký
drew the attention of the communist
State Security
(ŠtB).
At first the
ŠtB
thought about kidnapping him. In
1951
Sucký
offered to Gabriel Kukorelli, an Czechoslovak agent who contacted
him, that he could sell his
"memoires"
to the Czechoslovak intelligence
service. This would disclose his war-time agents to the State Security. But
there was not a real will from the Czechoslovak side. According to
František
Mišeje, a ŠtB
officer, comrades in Prague and also Slovak communists did
not really want to have such delicate information, because many of them
were afraid that
ŠtB
could misuse it against them.
The attitude of the
ŠtB
changed a bit later, in
1955
the
ŠtB
even enrol¬
led him as an agent. However, this was only one option, the kidnapping was
still actual. The
ŠtB
contacted
Sucký
with the help of Alexander Oberta,
agent
"OROL",
who worked as a sailor in Dunajplavba. Oberta succeeded
in attaining
Sucký
's trust by helping him with the smuggling of money to
Czechoslovakia. Later Oberta was to arrange a meeting between
Sucký
and cpt.
Eduard Pafčo.
This meeting took place in one of the Vienna's
cafeterias on April 24th
1955,
where
Sucký
was to be enrolled. But the
meeting went not according to the plan, thanks to
Pafčo 's
lapse it nearly
ended with a failure.
Pafčo
did not notice
Sucký
and Oberta sitting in the
cafeteria but
Sucký
noticed
Pafčo
looking for them. As
Sucký
was afraid of
being kidnapped, he left the cafeteria and it took longer time before Oberta
persuaded him to come back and talk to
Pafčo.
But at the end
Pafčo
and
Sucký
met and
Sucký
accepted the cooperation. However, as the
ŠtB
later
realized, only pro-forma. He was afraid of kidnapping all the time. His ope-
204
rative
officer
cpt.
Pafčo
was in fact unable to make him to fulfil the given
objectives.
Sucký
was mainly talking about his own police career.
By the same time the
ŠtB
realized also several other actions, connec¬
ted to
Sucký.
One was the action
"ÚSTŘEDNA"
(Headquarters) aimed to
uncover all recipients of smuggled money. Those money were sent by the
citizens of the United States of America to their kinsmen in Czechoslovakia.
The other action, which was executed by the
ŠtB
at that time was an acti¬
on aimed to uncover the old German networks in Czechoslovakia (agency
networks of Gestapo,
Abwehr
or
Sicherheitsdienst).
The cooperation lasted
only to the beggining of September
1955.
At this time the
ŠtB
started to
suspect that
Sucký
wanted to disclose the operative officer to the Austrian
police.
In November
1955
Sucký's
category was changed from agent to
"informátor"
(informer), because he was not fulfilling the tasks that the
ŠtB
officers gave him and the information he gave to the
ŠtB
was not really
relevant. Similarly to the period between
1945
and
1948,
he was only try¬
ing to make himself an important person and in this way he was trying to
prevent his kidnapping.
In
1957
the
ŠtB
prepared its last plan to kidnap
Sucký
from Vienna
to Czechoslovakia. This plan was finally realized on September 13th
1957.
The Czechoslovak agent who realized it was
Jozef
Bobek,
a former high-
positioned member of the
Hlinka'
s
youth and a brother-in-law of a former
Hlinka's Slovak People's Party politician
Jozef Paučo,
who lived in the
United States of America and was an emigrant activist.
Bobek
was at first
sent abroad to infiltrate the emigrant organizations (Slovak National Council
in abroad). Later he was supposed to carry out only this task.
Sucký
trus¬
ted him also because he knew
Bobek'
s
parents.
With
Bobek'
s
help the action
"ŘÍJEN"
(October) could begin. On
1
2th
September
Bobek
had two meetings with Knap, a Czechoslovak resident in
Vienna. On those he was instructed in detail what to do and also how to put
a drug to
Sucký
'
s
wine.
Bobek
was also given a modified cigarette tip with
a drug inside it. On September 13th
1957
Sucky had a meeting with
Bobek
in a wine-house. After the drug took effect
Bobek
took him out from the
wine-house and, singing loudly, with the help of Czechoslovak residents in
Vienna put him to car. Then the Czechoslovak intelligence officers sprink¬
led the car with
"slivovica"
(plum brandy) and gave false Czechoslovak
warrants. The abductors and the victim crossed the borders in the area of
České Budějovice, Bobek
also stayed in Czechoslovakia.
205
At the end of
1950s,
the then Interior minister Rudolf
Barák
and the
Party leader
Antonín Novotný
planned to secure and improve their political
positions by discriminating
Viliam Široký,
who was at that time the Prime
Minister of Czechoslovakia. The kidnap was approved by
Barák
and also
Novotný
himself. The first pages of what later became known as
"Sucký
'
s
protocols" originated soon after the war in the Internal Commisionary
(Povereníctvo vnútra).
In these protocols, according to
Sucký, Viliam Široký
told important information about communist movement, Kominterna etc.
These protocols appeared again during the trial against Rudolf
Slánský,
when the Minister of National Security
Karol Bacílek
rejected them as fal¬
se. And when
Barák
became a Minister he decided to use them against
Široký.
After being kidnapped
Sucký
was daily interrogated. This is how the
"Sucký
'
s
protocols" came to existence.
These documents were meant to be used against
Široký.
According
to Barak's report that he brought forward to the Central Committee of
the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia,
Široký
had helped the
ÚŠB
and
Gestapo to disclosB many illegal communist cells all around the Nazi-oc¬
cupied Europe. Barak's report, however, was turned down by the Central
Committee. The Committee rejected it as not fully reliable, because the
information from
Sucký's
protocols could not be confirmed from other
source. The report turned in fact against
Barák,
because many members
of the Central Committee believed he could blackmail them in a similar way.
The interrogation of
Sucký
was to no help for the communists as it com¬
promised many of them. Therefore it should have been forgotten.
The life of
Imrich Sucký
is a unique story of a maker and also a victim
of intelligence operations. And the
Sucký's
protocols, although not used
in the way they were planned to be used, are a very important (but not
completely trustworthy) source to the 20th Century Slovak history. They not
only provide evidence on the Slovak Republic
1939-1945
history but also
provide evidence to the history of struggles inside the Communist Party of
Czechoslovakia at the end of
1950s.
206 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Medvecký, Matej 1977- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)159570190 |
| author_facet | Medvecký, Matej 1977- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Medvecký, Matej 1977- |
| author_variant | m m mm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023105233 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HV7911 |
| callnumber-raw | HV7911.S83 |
| callnumber-search | HV7911.S83 |
| callnumber-sort | HV 47911 S83 |
| callnumber-subject | HV - Social Pathology, Criminology |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)213490463 (DE-599)BVBBV023105233 |
| edition | 1. vyd. |
| era | Geschichte 1900-2000 |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1900-2000 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Biografie Quelle |
| geographic | Tschechoslowakei |
| geographic_facet | Tschechoslowakei |
| id | DE-604.BV023105233 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:46:22Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:11:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788096929672 |
| language | Slovak |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016307912 |
| oclc_num | 213490463 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M457 |
| physical | 239 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Ústav Pamäti Národa |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Edícia Monografie |
| spelling | Medvecký, Matej 1977- Verfasser (DE-588)159570190 aut Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký Matej Medvecký Kauza Imrich Sucký 1. vyd. Bratislava Ústav Pamäti Národa 2007 239 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Edícia Monografie Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Sucký, Imrich Sucký, Imrich 1899-1973 (DE-588)133946010 gnd rswk-swf Sbor národní bezpečnosti (Czechoslovakia) History Sources Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte Kommunismus Communism Czechoslovakia History Sources Detectives Slovakia Biography Sources Internal security Slovakia History 20th century Sources Tschechoslowakei (DE-588)4006804-3 Biografie gnd-content (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content Sucký, Imrich 1899-1973 (DE-588)133946010 p DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016307912&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016307912&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Medvecký, Matej 1977- Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký Sucký, Imrich Sucký, Imrich 1899-1973 (DE-588)133946010 gnd Sbor národní bezpečnosti (Czechoslovakia) History Sources Geschichte Kommunismus Communism Czechoslovakia History Sources Detectives Slovakia Biography Sources Internal security Slovakia History 20th century Sources |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)133946010 (DE-588)4006804-3 (DE-588)4135952-5 |
| title | Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký |
| title_alt | Kauza Imrich Sucký |
| title_auth | Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký |
| title_exact_search | Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký |
| title_full | Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký Matej Medvecký |
| title_fullStr | Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký Matej Medvecký |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký Matej Medvecký |
| title_short | Spravodajské eso slovenského štátu: kauza Imrich Sucký |
| title_sort | spravodajske eso slovenskeho statu kauza imrich sucky |
| topic | Sucký, Imrich Sucký, Imrich 1899-1973 (DE-588)133946010 gnd Sbor národní bezpečnosti (Czechoslovakia) History Sources Geschichte Kommunismus Communism Czechoslovakia History Sources Detectives Slovakia Biography Sources Internal security Slovakia History 20th century Sources |
| topic_facet | Sucký, Imrich Sucký, Imrich 1899-1973 Sbor národní bezpečnosti (Czechoslovakia) History Sources Geschichte Kommunismus Communism Czechoslovakia History Sources Detectives Slovakia Biography Sources Internal security Slovakia History 20th century Sources Tschechoslowakei Biografie Quelle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016307912&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016307912&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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