Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
San Diego [u.a.]
Acad. Press
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | [Nachdr.] |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 666 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780120802630 0120802635 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137353661382656 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Contents
vii
Prefece
xlii
1.
Introduction
I. Purpose
1
II. Seed Germination Ecology
1
III. A New Book on Seed Germination
A. Need
2
B. Contents
3
References
3
2.
Ecologically Meaningful
Germination Studies
I. Purpose
S
II. Guidelines for Laboratory Studies on
Germination Ecology
S
A. Collect Seeds at Maturity
5
B. Use Seeds Immediately after Harvesting
6
С
Check for Imbibition of Water
8
D. Use Intact Natural Dispersal Units
8
E. Replications
9
F. Statistical Analyses
9
G.
Petri
Dishes
10
H. Substrate
10
I. Water
11
J. pH
12
K. Disinfectants
12
L. Constant versus Alternating Temperature
Regimes
12
M. light and Darkness
13
N.
Store Seeds under Natural or Simulated Habitat
Conditions
16
O. Test Seeds Frequently
17
P. Rates of Germination
17
Q. Length of Germination Test Period
19
R. Test Viability of Ungerminated Seeds
19
HI. Germinating Seeds You Know Nothing
About
19
References
20
3.
Types of Seed Dormancy
I. Purpose
27
II. Definition of Dormancy
27
III. Types of Seeds
27
IV.
Overview of Types of Seed Dormancy
29
A. Physiological Dormancy
29
B. Morphological Dormancy
34
С
Morphophysiological Dormancy
37
D. Physical Dormancy
37
E. Physical plus Physiological Dormancy
39
F. Chemical Dormancy
39
G. Mechanical Dormancy
42
References
4.
Germination Ecology of Seeds with
Nondeep Physiological Dormancy
I. Purpose
49
II. Discovery of Dormancy Cycles
49
III. Changes in the State of Dormancy SO
IV. The Dormancy Continuum
54
V. Environmental Factors Causing Changes in
Dormancy States
56
A. Temperature
57
B. Darkness
64
С
Light
66
D. Gases
67
E. Water
69
Vii
vlil
Contents
F.
Inorganic
Chemicals 70
G.
Organic Chemicals
72
References
76
5.
Germination Ecology of Seeds with
Morphophysiological Dormancy
I. Purpose
87
II. Types of Morphophysiological Dormancy
87
A. Nondeep Simple Morphophysiological
Dormancy
87
B. Intermediate Simple Morphophysiological
Dormancy
89
С
Deep Simple Morphophysiological
Dormancy
89
D. Deep Simple Epicotyl Morphophysiological
Dormancy
90
Б.
A Special Type of Simple Epicotyl
Morphophysiological Dormancy
93
F. Deep Simple Double Morphophysiological
Dormancy
94
G. A
Special Type of Simple Double
Morphophysiological Dormancy
95
H. Nondeep Complex Morphophysiological
Dormancy
96
I. Intermediate Complex Morphophysiological
Dormancy
97
J. Deep Complex Morphophysiological
Dormancy
97
References
98
6.
Germination Ecology of Seeds with
Physical Dormancy
I. Purpose
101
II. Germination Phenology
101
III. Internal Moisture Conditions of Seeds
102
IV. Artificial Softening of Water-Impermeable Seed
(or Fruit) Coats
104
A. Mechanical Scarification
104
B. Add Scarification
105
C. Enzymes
105
D. Organic Solvents
105
E. Percussion
105
F. High Atmospheric Pressures
107
G. Wet Heat
107
H. Dry Heat
109
I. Dry Storage
110
J. Radiation 111
K. Ultrasound 111
L. Low Temperatures 111
V. Germination Requirements of Permeable
Seeds
112
VI. Environmental Control of Breaking Physical
Dormancy
114
A. High and High Fluctuating Temperatures
114
B. Drying at High Temperatures
116
С
Fire
116
D. Low Winter Temperatures
119
E. Microbial Action
120
F. Effects of Animals on Seeds with Physical
Dormancy
120
G. Effects of Animals on Seeds without Physical
Dormancy
122
VII.
Seeds with Physical plus Physiological
Dormancy
123
References
124
7.
Germination Ecology of Seeds in the
Persistent Seed Bank
I. Purpose
133
П.
Aerial Seed Banks
133
A. Development of Sere-tiny
133
B. How Long Is Seed Dispersal Delayed?
134
С
Seed-Holding Structures
134
D. Size of Seed Bank
135
E. Opening of Woody Structures
135
F. Lethal Temperatures
136
G. Seed Dormancy and Germination
136
Ш.
SoU Seed Banks
137
A. Formation
137
B. Methodology of Studies
138
С
Types of Persistent Seed Banks
141
D. Habitats and Seed Density
143
E. Kinds of Seeds
143
IV. Longevity of Seeds in the Soil
145
A. Inferred Age
145
B. Actual Age
148
С
Survivorship Curves
149
V. What Can Happen to Seeds in the Soil?
149
A. Models of Seed Dynamics in the Soil
149
B. Studies on Seed Bank Dynamics
151
С
Changes in Dormancy States
152
D. In Situ Germination
154
E. Germination on the Soil Surface
155
F. Seed Death Due to Aging
155
G. Seed Death Due to Activities of Soil
Organisms
157
H. Seed Death: Effects of Fire or Flooding
160
VI. Effects of Seed Banks on Populations
160
A. Survival in Risky Environments
160
B. Population Stability
161
С
Population Variability
161
D. Effect of Seed Banks on Selection of Other
Traits
162
E. Density-Escaping Characteristics
163
F. Coexistence of Species
163
VD. Persistence of Communities
164
References
164
Contents
ix
8.
Causes
of Within-Species Variations in
Seed Dormancy and
Germination Characteristics
I. Purpose
181
II. Inheritance of Seed Dormancy
181
A. Species with Heritable Seed Dormancy
181
B. Types of Inherited Seed Dormancy
181
С
Selection of Pure Lines
181
D. Crosses Within a Species
182
E. Maternal, Paternal, and Embryonic
Genotypes
183
F. Maternal Influence
183
G. Ploidy Level,
В
Chromosomes, and
Isochromosomes
184
H.
Inbreeding Depression
184
III. Inheritance of Dormancy Breaking and
Germination Characteristics
185
A. Degree of Dormancy
185
B. Rate of Dormancy Loss
186
C. Germination Requirements
186
D. Germination Speed
186
E. Storability
187
IV. Variation in Germination Responses of Seeds
from Different Populations of the Same
Species
187
A. Types of Variation
187
B. Common Garden Studies
190
V. Environmental Factors That Cause
Preconditioning Effects
192
A. Carbon Dioxide Levels
192
B. Competition
192
С
Day Length
192
D. Fungi
193
E. Herbicides
193
F. Hormones
193
G. Length of Growing Season
194
H. light Quality
194
I. Mineral Nutrition
194
J. Physiological Age of Plants
195
K. Position on Mother Plant
195
L. Premature Defoliation
198
M. SoU Moisture
198
N.
Solar
Irradiarne
198
О.
Temperature
199
P. Tune
200
Q. Ultraviolet Light
200
VI. Seed Changes as a Result of the
Preconditioning Environment
200
A. Chemical Compounds
200
B. Seed Size, Color, and Shape
200
C. Structure
207
D. Heritable Changes
207
VII.
Seed Polymorphism
208
A. Somatic Polymorphism
208
B. Genetic Polymorphism
209
C. Dimorphic Plants Whose Seeds Have Different
Germination Responses
209
D. Mass Seed Collections and Seed
Polymorphism
209
E. Causes of Seed Polymorphism
210
F. Consequences on Seedling Recruitment
211
VIII.
Cleistogamy and Seed Germination
Ecology
215
A. Cleistogamous Flowers
215
B. Causes of Oeistogamy
215
С
Seed Size
217
D. Seed Germination
217
E. Consequences on Seedling Recruitment
218
References
219
9.
A Geographical Perspective on
Germination Ecology: Tropical and
Subtropical Zones
I. Purpose
239
II. Evergreen Rain Forests
239
A. Climax Trees
239
B. Pioneer Trees
257
C. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
260
D. Dormancy and Germination of Bamboos
261
E. Dormancy and Germination of Vines
(Lianas)
261
F. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
261
G. Dormancy and Germination of Epiphytes
262
H. Special Biotic Factors
264
III. Tropical Mountains
265
A. Dormancy and Germination of Montane
Species
265
B. Dormancy and Germination of Alpine
Species
266
IV.
Semievergreen
Tropical Forests
267
A. Germination Phenology
267
B. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
267
C. Dormancy and Germination of Bamboos
268
D. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
268
E. Dormancy and Germination of Lianas
271
F. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
271
V. Tropical Deciduous Forests
273
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
275
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
277
С
Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
278
D. Dormancy and Germination of Epiphytes
278
E. Chlorophyllous Embryos
278
F. Special Biotic Factor Seed
Prédation
279
VI. Tropical Dry Woodlands, Natural Savannas,
and Grasslands
281
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
282
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
285
Contents
C.
Donnancy
and Germination of Bamboos
286
D. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
286
E. Special Factor. Fire
292
VII. Hot Semideserto
and Deserts
293
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
294
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
296
C. Dormancy and Germination of Perennial
Succulents
301
D. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Perennials
302
E. Dormancy and Germination of Vines
305
F. Annual Species
305
G. Special Factor Water as It Relates to
Dispersal
312
References
313
10.
A Geographical Perspective on
Germination Ecology:
Temperate and Arctic Zones
I. Purpose
331
II. Sclerophyllous Woodlands with Winter
Rain
331
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
332
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
333
С
Dormancy and Germination of Vines
337
D. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
337
E. Special Factor Fire
339
F. Special Factor Allelopathy
347
G. Special Factor. Myrmecochory
349
III. Moist
Wann
Temperature Woodlands 3S1
A. Trees 3S2
B. Shrubs
356
С
Dormancy and Germination of Bamboos
356
D. Dormancy and Germination of Lianas and
Vines
357
E. Herbaceous Species
358
F. Dormancy and Germination of Epiphytes
360
G. Special Factor Myrmecochory
361
IV. Deciduous
(Nemoral)
Forests
361
A. Trees
361
B. Dormancy and Germination of Bamboos
366
С
Shrubs
367
D. Dormancy and Germination of Vines
367
E. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Woodland Species
367
F. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Nonwoodland Species
374
G. Special Factors
385
V. Steppes or Grasslands of the Temperate
Zones
387
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
388
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
388
С
Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
388
D. Dormancy and Germination of Weeds
396
E. Special Factors
396
VI. Semideserts and Deserts with Cold
Winters
399
A. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
399
B. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
401
С
Dormancy and Germination of Weeds
403
D. Special Factor Salinity
403
VII.
Boreal Coniferous and Temperate
Subalpine
Zones
404
A. Dormancy and Germination of Species in Boreal
and North-Temperate
Subalpine
Zones
405
B. Dormancy and Germination of Species in South-
Temperate
Subalpine
Zones
411
С
Special Factors
412
VIII.
Arctic and Temperate-Zone Alpine
Tundra
414
A. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
415
B. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
416
С
Special Factor Vivipary
420
DC. Mountains
420
A. Montane
424
B. Woodland
(Colline)
427
References
429
11.
Germination Ecology of Plants with
Specialized Life Cycles and/or Habitats
I. Purpose
459
II. Parasitic Plants
459
A. Holoparasites
459
B. A Holoparasite with Chlorophyll:
Cuscuta
465
С
A Hemiparasitic Member of the Lauraceae:
Caasytha
467
D. Rooted Hemiparasites Whose Seeds Require a
Host Stimulus for Germination:
Striga
and
Aleara
467
E.
Rooted Hemiparasites Whose Seeds Do Not
Require a Host Stimulus for Germination
475
F. Nonrooted Hemiparasites: Mistletoes
477
Ш.
Mycoheterotrophic Plants Other Than
Orchids
482
IV. Orchids
482
A. Types of Seed Dormancy
483
B. Dormancy-Breaking Requirements
484
С
Germination Requirements
485
V. Carnivorous Plants
489
A. Types of Seed Dormancy
490
B. Longevity of Stored Seeds
491
С
Dormancy-Breaking Requirements
491
Contents
xi
D.
Germination
Requirements
491
VI. Aquatic
(Nonsaline)
Plants
492
A.
Types of Seed Dormancy
493
B. Dormancy-Breaking Requirements
493
C. Germination Requirements
500
VII. Halophytes
508
A. Salt Marshes and Salt Deserts
508
B. Beaches, Cliffs, and Foredunes
518
C. Marine Angiosperms
522
D. Mangroves
524
VIII.
Psammophytes of
Nonsaline
Soils
528
A. Types of Dormancy
529
B. Dormancy-Breaking Requirements
529
C. Germination Requirements
531
References
534
12.
Biogeographical and Evolutionary
Aspects of Seed Dormancy
I. Purpose
559
II. World Biogeography of Seed Dormancy
Types
559
A. Dormancy vs Nondormancy
559
B. Geographical Distribution of Seed Dormancy
Types
560
C. Environmental Gradients, Seed Dormancy
Types, and Life Forms
561
D. Specialized Habitats or Life Cycles
564
III. Theoretical Considerations on the Evolution of
Seed Dormancy
565
A. Persistence in Risky Environments
565
B. Escape from Competition
570
С
Survival in Unfavorable Seasons
572
D. Optimizing the Time for Germination
572
E. Seed Dormancy and the Evolution of Other
Traits
573
IV. Paleoclimate as a Background for the
Evolution of Seed Dormancy
575
A. Rainfall Patterns
575
B. Temperature
576
V. Fossil History of Seeds as It Relates to
Dormancy
578
A. Fossil Seeds
578
B. Fossil Embryos
581
C. Speculations on Dormancy
583
VI. Seed Dormancy and Phylogenetic Position of
Family
584
A. Angiosperms
584
B. Gymnosperms
585
VII.
Seed Dormancy and Presumed Age of Plant
Families
585
A. Time of Family Origin
586
B. Time of Dormancy Origin
587
VIII.
Seed Dormancy and Family Tree of Seed
Phylogeny
589
DC. Type of Embryo and Presumed Age of Plant
Families
592
A. Angiosperms
592
B. Gymnosperms
592
X. Origins and Relationships of Seed Dormancy
Types
593
A. Seed/Embryo Types
593
B. Seed Dormancy Types
595
С
Development of Seed Dormancy Types and
Nondormancy
597
D. Future Studies
607
References
607
Subject Index
615
Taxonomic
Index
627
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Contents
vii
Prefece
xlii
1.
Introduction
I. Purpose
1
II. Seed Germination Ecology
1
III. A New Book on Seed Germination
A. Need
2
B. Contents
3
References
3
2.
Ecologically Meaningful
Germination Studies
I. Purpose
S
II. Guidelines for Laboratory Studies on
Germination Ecology
S
A. Collect Seeds at Maturity
5
B. Use Seeds Immediately after Harvesting
6
С
Check for Imbibition of Water
8
D. Use Intact Natural Dispersal Units
8
E. Replications
9
F. Statistical Analyses
9
G.
Petri
Dishes
10
H. Substrate
10
I. Water
11
J. pH
12
K. Disinfectants
12
L. Constant versus Alternating Temperature
Regimes
12
M. light and Darkness
13
N.
Store Seeds under Natural or Simulated Habitat
Conditions
16
O. Test Seeds Frequently
17
P. Rates of Germination
17
Q. Length of Germination Test Period
19
R. Test Viability of Ungerminated Seeds
19
HI. Germinating Seeds You Know Nothing
About
19
References
20
3.
Types of Seed Dormancy
I. Purpose
27
II. Definition of Dormancy
27
III. Types of Seeds
27
IV.
Overview of Types of Seed Dormancy
29
A. Physiological Dormancy
29
B. Morphological Dormancy
34
С
Morphophysiological Dormancy
37
D. Physical Dormancy
37
E. Physical plus Physiological Dormancy
39
F. Chemical Dormancy
39
G. Mechanical Dormancy
42
References
4.
Germination Ecology of Seeds with
Nondeep Physiological Dormancy
I. Purpose
49
II. Discovery of Dormancy Cycles
49
III. Changes in the State of Dormancy SO
IV. The Dormancy Continuum
54
V. Environmental Factors Causing Changes in
Dormancy States
56
A. Temperature
57
B. Darkness
64
С
Light
66
D. Gases
67
E. Water
69
Vii
vlil
Contents
F.
Inorganic
Chemicals 70
G.
Organic Chemicals
72
References
76
5.
Germination Ecology of Seeds with
Morphophysiological Dormancy
I. Purpose
87
II. Types of Morphophysiological Dormancy
87
A. Nondeep Simple Morphophysiological
Dormancy
87
B. Intermediate Simple Morphophysiological
Dormancy
89
С
Deep Simple Morphophysiological
Dormancy
89
D. Deep Simple Epicotyl Morphophysiological
Dormancy
90
Б.
A Special Type of Simple Epicotyl
Morphophysiological Dormancy
93
F. Deep Simple Double Morphophysiological
Dormancy
94
G. A
Special Type of Simple Double
Morphophysiological Dormancy
95
H. Nondeep Complex Morphophysiological
Dormancy
96
I. Intermediate Complex Morphophysiological
Dormancy
97
J. Deep Complex Morphophysiological
Dormancy
97
References
98
6.
Germination Ecology of Seeds with
Physical Dormancy
I. Purpose
101
II. Germination Phenology
101
III. Internal Moisture Conditions of Seeds
102
IV. Artificial Softening of Water-Impermeable Seed
(or Fruit) Coats
104
A. Mechanical Scarification
104
B. Add Scarification
105
C. Enzymes
105
D. Organic Solvents
105
E. Percussion
105
F. High Atmospheric Pressures
107
G. Wet Heat
107
H. Dry Heat
109
I. Dry Storage
110
J. Radiation 111
K. Ultrasound 111
L. Low Temperatures 111
V. Germination Requirements of Permeable
Seeds
112
VI. Environmental Control of Breaking Physical
Dormancy
114
A. High and High Fluctuating Temperatures
114
B. Drying at High Temperatures
116
С
Fire
116
D. Low Winter Temperatures
119
E. Microbial Action
120
F. Effects of Animals on Seeds with Physical
Dormancy
120
G. Effects of Animals on Seeds without Physical
Dormancy
122
VII.
Seeds with Physical plus Physiological
Dormancy
123
References
124
7.
Germination Ecology of Seeds in the
Persistent Seed Bank
I. Purpose
133
П.
Aerial Seed Banks
133
A. Development of Sere-tiny
133
B. How Long Is Seed Dispersal Delayed?
134
С
Seed-Holding Structures
134
D. Size of Seed Bank
135
E. Opening of Woody Structures
135
F. Lethal Temperatures
136
G. Seed Dormancy and Germination
136
Ш.
SoU Seed Banks
137
A. Formation
137
B. Methodology of Studies
138
С
Types of Persistent Seed Banks
141
D. Habitats and Seed Density
143
E. Kinds of Seeds
143
IV. Longevity of Seeds in the Soil
145
A. Inferred Age
145
B. Actual Age
148
С
Survivorship Curves
149
V. What Can Happen to Seeds in the Soil?
149
A. Models of Seed Dynamics in the Soil
149
B. Studies on Seed Bank Dynamics
151
С
Changes in Dormancy States
152
D. In Situ Germination
154
E. Germination on the Soil Surface
155
F. Seed Death Due to Aging
155
G. Seed Death Due to Activities of Soil
Organisms
157
H. Seed Death: Effects of Fire or Flooding
160
VI. Effects of Seed Banks on Populations
160
A. Survival in Risky Environments
160
B. Population Stability
161
С
Population Variability
161
D. Effect of Seed Banks on Selection of Other
Traits
162
E. Density-Escaping Characteristics
163
F. Coexistence of Species
163
VD. Persistence of Communities
164
References
164
Contents
ix
8.
Causes
of Within-Species Variations in
Seed Dormancy and
Germination Characteristics
I. Purpose
181
II. Inheritance of Seed Dormancy
181
A. Species with Heritable Seed Dormancy
181
B. Types of Inherited Seed Dormancy
181
С
Selection of Pure Lines
181
D. Crosses Within a Species
182
E. Maternal, Paternal, and Embryonic
Genotypes
183
F. Maternal Influence
183
G. Ploidy Level,
В
Chromosomes, and
Isochromosomes
184
H.
Inbreeding Depression
184
III. Inheritance of Dormancy Breaking and
Germination Characteristics
185
A. Degree of Dormancy
185
B. Rate of Dormancy Loss
186
C. Germination Requirements
186
D. Germination Speed
186
E. Storability
187
IV. Variation in Germination Responses of Seeds
from Different Populations of the Same
Species
187
A. Types of Variation
187
B. Common Garden Studies
190
V. Environmental Factors That Cause
Preconditioning Effects
192
A. Carbon Dioxide Levels
192
B. Competition
192
С
Day Length
192
D. Fungi
193
E. Herbicides
193
F. Hormones
193
G. Length of Growing Season
194
H. light Quality
194
I. Mineral Nutrition
194
J. Physiological Age of Plants
195
K. Position on Mother Plant
195
L. Premature Defoliation
198
M. SoU Moisture
198
N.
Solar
Irradiarne
198
О.
Temperature
199
P. Tune
200
Q. Ultraviolet Light
200
VI. Seed Changes as a Result of the
Preconditioning Environment
200
A. Chemical Compounds
200
B. Seed Size, Color, and Shape
200
C. Structure
207
D. Heritable Changes
207
VII.
Seed Polymorphism
208
A. Somatic Polymorphism
208
B. Genetic Polymorphism
209
C. Dimorphic Plants Whose Seeds Have Different
Germination Responses
209
D. Mass Seed Collections and Seed
Polymorphism
209
E. Causes of Seed Polymorphism
210
F. Consequences on Seedling Recruitment
211
VIII.
Cleistogamy and Seed Germination
Ecology
215
A. Cleistogamous Flowers
215
B. Causes of Oeistogamy
215
С
Seed Size
217
D. Seed Germination
217
E. Consequences on Seedling Recruitment
218
References
219
9.
A Geographical Perspective on
Germination Ecology: Tropical and
Subtropical Zones
I. Purpose
239
II. Evergreen Rain Forests
239
A. Climax Trees
239
B. Pioneer Trees
257
C. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
260
D. Dormancy and Germination of Bamboos
261
E. Dormancy and Germination of Vines
(Lianas)
261
F. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
261
G. Dormancy and Germination of Epiphytes
262
H. Special Biotic Factors
264
III. Tropical Mountains
265
A. Dormancy and Germination of Montane
Species
265
B. Dormancy and Germination of Alpine
Species
266
IV.
Semievergreen
Tropical Forests
267
A. Germination Phenology
267
B. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
267
C. Dormancy and Germination of Bamboos
268
D. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
268
E. Dormancy and Germination of Lianas
271
F. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
271
V. Tropical Deciduous Forests
273
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
275
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
277
С
Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
278
D. Dormancy and Germination of Epiphytes
278
E. Chlorophyllous Embryos
278
F. Special Biotic Factor Seed
Prédation
279
VI. Tropical Dry Woodlands, Natural Savannas,
and Grasslands
281
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
282
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
285
Contents
C.
Donnancy
and Germination of Bamboos
286
D. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
286
E. Special Factor. Fire
292
VII. Hot Semideserto
and Deserts
293
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
294
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
296
C. Dormancy and Germination of Perennial
Succulents
301
D. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Perennials
302
E. Dormancy and Germination of Vines
305
F. Annual Species
305
G. Special Factor Water as It Relates to
Dispersal
312
References
313
10.
A Geographical Perspective on
Germination Ecology:
Temperate and Arctic Zones
I. Purpose
331
II. Sclerophyllous Woodlands with Winter
Rain
331
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
332
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
333
С
Dormancy and Germination of Vines
337
D. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
337
E. Special Factor Fire
339
F. Special Factor Allelopathy
347
G. Special Factor. Myrmecochory
349
III. Moist
Wann
Temperature Woodlands 3S1
A. Trees 3S2
B. Shrubs
356
С
Dormancy and Germination of Bamboos
356
D. Dormancy and Germination of Lianas and
Vines
357
E. Herbaceous Species
358
F. Dormancy and Germination of Epiphytes
360
G. Special Factor Myrmecochory
361
IV. Deciduous
(Nemoral)
Forests
361
A. Trees
361
B. Dormancy and Germination of Bamboos
366
С
Shrubs
367
D. Dormancy and Germination of Vines
367
E. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Woodland Species
367
F. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Nonwoodland Species
374
G. Special Factors
385
V. Steppes or Grasslands of the Temperate
Zones
387
A. Dormancy and Germination of Trees
388
B. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
388
С
Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
388
D. Dormancy and Germination of Weeds
396
E. Special Factors
396
VI. Semideserts and Deserts with Cold
Winters
399
A. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
399
B. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
401
С
Dormancy and Germination of Weeds
403
D. Special Factor Salinity
403
VII.
Boreal Coniferous and Temperate
Subalpine
Zones
404
A. Dormancy and Germination of Species in Boreal
and North-Temperate
Subalpine
Zones
405
B. Dormancy and Germination of Species in South-
Temperate
Subalpine
Zones
411
С
Special Factors
412
VIII.
Arctic and Temperate-Zone Alpine
Tundra
414
A. Dormancy and Germination of Shrubs
415
B. Dormancy and Germination of Herbaceous
Species
416
С
Special Factor Vivipary
420
DC. Mountains
420
A. Montane
424
B. Woodland
(Colline)
427
References
429
11.
Germination Ecology of Plants with
Specialized Life Cycles and/or Habitats
I. Purpose
459
II. Parasitic Plants
459
A. Holoparasites
459
B. A Holoparasite with Chlorophyll:
Cuscuta
465
С
A Hemiparasitic Member of the Lauraceae:
Caasytha
467
D. Rooted Hemiparasites Whose Seeds Require a
Host Stimulus for Germination:
Striga
and
Aleara
467
E.
Rooted Hemiparasites Whose Seeds Do Not
Require a Host Stimulus for Germination
475
F. Nonrooted Hemiparasites: Mistletoes
477
Ш.
Mycoheterotrophic Plants Other Than
Orchids
482
IV. Orchids
482
A. Types of Seed Dormancy
483
B. Dormancy-Breaking Requirements
484
С
Germination Requirements
485
V. Carnivorous Plants
489
A. Types of Seed Dormancy
490
B. Longevity of Stored Seeds
491
С
Dormancy-Breaking Requirements
491
Contents
xi
D.
Germination
Requirements
491
VI. Aquatic
(Nonsaline)
Plants
492
A.
Types of Seed Dormancy
493
B. Dormancy-Breaking Requirements
493
C. Germination Requirements
500
VII. Halophytes
508
A. Salt Marshes and Salt Deserts
508
B. Beaches, Cliffs, and Foredunes
518
C. Marine Angiosperms
522
D. Mangroves
524
VIII.
Psammophytes of
Nonsaline
Soils
528
A. Types of Dormancy
529
B. Dormancy-Breaking Requirements
529
C. Germination Requirements
531
References
534
12.
Biogeographical and Evolutionary
Aspects of Seed Dormancy
I. Purpose
559
II. World Biogeography of Seed Dormancy
Types
559
A. Dormancy vs Nondormancy
559
B. Geographical Distribution of Seed Dormancy
Types
560
C. Environmental Gradients, Seed Dormancy
Types, and Life Forms
561
D. Specialized Habitats or Life Cycles
564
III. Theoretical Considerations on the Evolution of
Seed Dormancy
565
A. Persistence in Risky Environments
565
B. Escape from Competition
570
С
Survival in Unfavorable Seasons
572
D. Optimizing the Time for Germination
572
E. Seed Dormancy and the Evolution of Other
Traits
573
IV. Paleoclimate as a Background for the
Evolution of Seed Dormancy
575
A. Rainfall Patterns
575
B. Temperature
576
V. Fossil History of Seeds as It Relates to
Dormancy
578
A. Fossil Seeds
578
B. Fossil Embryos
581
C. Speculations on Dormancy
583
VI. Seed Dormancy and Phylogenetic Position of
Family
584
A. Angiosperms
584
B. Gymnosperms
585
VII.
Seed Dormancy and Presumed Age of Plant
Families
585
A. Time of Family Origin
586
B. Time of Dormancy Origin
587
VIII.
Seed Dormancy and Family Tree of Seed
Phylogeny
589
DC. Type of Embryo and Presumed Age of Plant
Families
592
A. Angiosperms
592
B. Gymnosperms
592
X. Origins and Relationships of Seed Dormancy
Types
593
A. Seed/Embryo Types
593
B. Seed Dormancy Types
595
С
Development of Seed Dormancy Types and
Nondormancy
597
D. Future Studies
607
References
607
Subject Index
615
Taxonomic
Index
627 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. |
| author_facet | Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Baskin, Carol C. |
| author_variant | c c b cc ccb j m b jm jmb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023097491 |
| classification_rvk | WI 6370 WN 7600 WN 7800 |
| classification_tum | BIO 456f LAN 115f LAN 181f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)316234463 (DE-599)BVBBV023097491 |
| discipline | Biologie Agrarwissenschaft Pflanzenbau |
| discipline_str_mv | Biologie Agrarwissenschaft Pflanzenbau |
| edition | [Nachdr.] |
| format | Book |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV023097491 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:43:31Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:10:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780120802630 0120802635 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016300269 |
| oclc_num | 316234463 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-20 DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-20 DE-703 |
| physical | XIV, 666 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Acad. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Baskin, Carol C. Verfasser aut Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination Carol C. Baskin ; Jerry M. Baskin [Nachdr.] San Diego [u.a.] Acad. Press 2007 XIV, 666 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Typologie (DE-588)4061321-5 gnd rswk-swf Samenkeimung (DE-588)4179024-8 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd rswk-swf Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 gnd rswk-swf Chemische Ökologie (DE-588)4123004-8 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzenphysiologie (DE-588)4045580-4 gnd rswk-swf Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd rswk-swf Samenverbreitung (DE-588)4261831-9 gnd rswk-swf Samenruhe (DE-588)4215081-4 gnd rswk-swf Vergleichende Ökologie (DE-588)4262085-5 gnd rswk-swf Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd rswk-swf Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd rswk-swf Klimazone (DE-588)4128757-5 gnd rswk-swf Samenbank Pflanzenbau (DE-588)4736060-4 gnd rswk-swf Samen (DE-588)4130859-1 gnd rswk-swf Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd rswk-swf 1\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content Samenverbreitung (DE-588)4261831-9 s Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 s DE-604 Samen (DE-588)4130859-1 s Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 s Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 s Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 s Chemische Ökologie (DE-588)4123004-8 s Klimazone (DE-588)4128757-5 s Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 s Samenkeimung (DE-588)4179024-8 s Samenruhe (DE-588)4215081-4 s Typologie (DE-588)4061321-5 s Vergleichende Ökologie (DE-588)4262085-5 s 2\p DE-604 Samenbank Pflanzenbau (DE-588)4736060-4 s 3\p DE-604 Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 s 4\p DE-604 5\p DE-604 Pflanzenphysiologie (DE-588)4045580-4 s 6\p DE-604 Baskin, Jerry M. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Bayreuth application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016300269&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 3\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 4\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 5\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 6\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Baskin, Carol C. Baskin, Jerry M. Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination Typologie (DE-588)4061321-5 gnd Samenkeimung (DE-588)4179024-8 gnd Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 gnd Chemische Ökologie (DE-588)4123004-8 gnd Pflanzenphysiologie (DE-588)4045580-4 gnd Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd Samenverbreitung (DE-588)4261831-9 gnd Samenruhe (DE-588)4215081-4 gnd Vergleichende Ökologie (DE-588)4262085-5 gnd Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Klimazone (DE-588)4128757-5 gnd Samenbank Pflanzenbau (DE-588)4736060-4 gnd Samen (DE-588)4130859-1 gnd Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4061321-5 (DE-588)4179024-8 (DE-588)4045575-0 (DE-588)4006801-8 (DE-588)4123004-8 (DE-588)4045580-4 (DE-588)4332816-7 (DE-588)4261831-9 (DE-588)4215081-4 (DE-588)4262085-5 (DE-588)4143684-2 (DE-588)4043207-5 (DE-588)4128757-5 (DE-588)4736060-4 (DE-588)4130859-1 (DE-588)4045561-0 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination |
| title_auth | Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination |
| title_exact_search | Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination |
| title_full | Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination Carol C. Baskin ; Jerry M. Baskin |
| title_fullStr | Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination Carol C. Baskin ; Jerry M. Baskin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seeds ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination Carol C. Baskin ; Jerry M. Baskin |
| title_short | Seeds |
| title_sort | seeds ecology biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination |
| title_sub | ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination |
| topic | Typologie (DE-588)4061321-5 gnd Samenkeimung (DE-588)4179024-8 gnd Pflanzenökologie (DE-588)4045575-0 gnd Biogeografie (DE-588)4006801-8 gnd Chemische Ökologie (DE-588)4123004-8 gnd Pflanzenphysiologie (DE-588)4045580-4 gnd Bodenökologie (DE-588)4332816-7 gnd Samenverbreitung (DE-588)4261831-9 gnd Samenruhe (DE-588)4215081-4 gnd Vergleichende Ökologie (DE-588)4262085-5 gnd Autökologie (DE-588)4143684-2 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Klimazone (DE-588)4128757-5 gnd Samenbank Pflanzenbau (DE-588)4736060-4 gnd Samen (DE-588)4130859-1 gnd Pflanzengeografie (DE-588)4045561-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Typologie Samenkeimung Pflanzenökologie Biogeografie Chemische Ökologie Pflanzenphysiologie Bodenökologie Samenverbreitung Samenruhe Vergleichende Ökologie Autökologie Ökologie Klimazone Samenbank Pflanzenbau Samen Pflanzengeografie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016300269&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT baskincarolc seedsecologybiogeographyandevolutionofdormancyandgermination AT baskinjerrym seedsecologybiogeographyandevolutionofdormancyandgermination |