A grammar of Mongsen Ao:
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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Berlin
de Gruyter
2007
|
| Series: | Mouton Grammar Library
39 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXIII, 526 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 240 mm x 160 mm |
| ISBN: | 9783110190885 |
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| 020 | |a 9783110190885 |c Gb. : EUR 138.00 (freier Pr.), sfr 221.00 (freier Pr.) |9 978-3-11-019088-5 | ||
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| 100 | 1 | |a Coupe, Alexander R. |d 1958- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)133827623 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A grammar of Mongsen Ao |c by A. R. Coupe |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin |b de Gruyter |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXIII, 526 S. |b graph. Darst., Kt. |c 240 mm x 160 mm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Mouton Grammar Library |v 39 | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Ao-Naga |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammatik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Ao language |x Grammar | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Grammatik |0 (DE-588)4021806-5 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 830 | 0 | |a Mouton Grammar Library |v 39 |w (DE-604)BV000018422 |9 39 | |
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Table
of
contents
Acknowledgements
.
v
List of maps, tables and figures
.xvi
Abbreviations and conventions
.xviii
1
Introduction
1.1.
The Ao language
.1
1.2.
Organization of this grammar
.1
1.3.
Typological overview
.2
1.4.
Linguistic situation inNagaland
.4
1.5.
Genetic classification
.7
1.6.
Geographical setting
.7
1.7.
Ethnographic overview
.9
1.7.1.
Autonym, exonyms and allonyms
.9
1.7.2.
History
.11
1.7.3.
Village life
.13
1.7.4.
Religion
.14
1.8.
Ao dialects
.16
1.9.
Review of literature
.17
1.10.
Ao literature
.18
1.11.
Fieldwork and sources of data
.18
1.12.
Equipment
.20
1.13.
Orthography
.20
1.14.
Theoretical orientation
.21
2
Phonology and phonological processes
2.1.
Syllable structure
.23
2.1.1.
Vowel Sequences
.25
2.1.2.
Absence of phonemic stress
.26
2.1.3.
Tone
.26
2.2.
Segmental
phonology
.27
2.2.1.
Consonant phonemes
.27
2.2.1.1.
Voice onset time contrasts
.28
2.2.1.2.
Stops
.30
2.2.1.3.
Affricates
.31
2.2.1.4.
Fricatives
.31
2.2.1.5.
Nasals
.32
2.2.1.6.
Approximants
.38
2.2.1.7.
Limited free variation
.44
viii Table of
contents
2.2.2.
Vowel phonemes
.45
2.3.
Segmentai
differences between Mongsen varieties
.47
2.3.1.
Consonants
.47
2.3.2.
Vowels
.48
2.4.
Word
.49
2.4.1.
Phonological criteria
.49
2.4.2.
Grammatical criteria
.51
2.5.
Clitics
.51
2.6.
Phonological processes
.52
2.6.1.
Schwa deletion in prefixes
.52
2.6.2.
Sporadic vowel harmony
.53
2.6.3.
Vowel dissimilation
.53
2.6.4.
Glide assimilation
.54
2.6.5.
Consonant assimilation
.54
2.6.6.
Resyllabification
.55
2.6.7.
Other vowel deletions
.55
3
Prosody
3.1.
Tonemes
.57
3.1.1.
Lexical tones
.57
3.1.2.
Methodology
.59
3.1.3.
Grammatical tones
.60
3.1.3.1.
Adjectives of degree
.60
3.1.3.2.
Agentive
case marked by a rising tone
.64
3.2.
Tonally unspecified prefixes
.65
3.3.
Tone sandhi
.67
3.3.1.
Tonal combinations in phonological words
.68
3.3.2.
Tone sandhi generated by morpheme concatenation
.68
3.3.3.
Tone sandhi generated by tones of adjacent words
.71
3.3.4.
Tone sandhi in nominal compounds
.72
3.4.
Postlexical
intonation
.73
3.4.1.
Phrasal intonation
.74
3.4.2.
Boundary marking intonation on dependent clauses
.75
3.4.3.
Non-final postlexical intonation on matrix clauses
.76
3.5.
The glottal stop prosody
.77
4
Word classes
Open word classes
.79
.1.
Verbs
.79
.2.
Overview of the noun word class
.81
.3.
Relational bound nouns
.84
.4.
Non-relational bound nouns
.86
4.1.5.
Unbound nouns
.87
Table of
contents
ix
4.2.
Closed word classes
.88
4.2.1.
Personal pronouns
.89
4.2.2.
Possessive pronouns
.94
4.2.3.
Demonstrative pronouns
.97
4.2.4.
Interrogative pronouns
.98
4.2.5.
Indefinite pronouns
.100
4.2.5.1.
Negative indefinite pronouns
.101
4.2.5.2.
Specific indefinite pronouns
.102
4.2.5.3.
Non-specific indefinite pronouns
.103
4.2.5.4.
Reduplicated indefinite pronouns and adverbals
.104
4.2.6.
Generic pronoun
.105
4.2.7.
Nominal modifiers
.106
4.2.7.1.
Nominal deictics
.106
4.2.7.2.
Lexical quantifiers
.111
4.2.7.3.
Cardinal numerals
.112
4.2.7.4.
Decimalization of the overcounting numeral system
.117
4.2.7.5.
Case marking clitics
.121
4.2.8.
Time words
.122
4.2.9.
Adverbs
.124
4.2.10.
Discourse connectives
.124
4.2.11.
Phrasal conjunction
.127
4.2.12.
Interjections
.129
4.2.13.
Exclamations and onomatopoeia
.129
4.2.14.
Particles and clitics
.131
4.2.14.1.
Quotative particle
.131
4.2.14.2.
Reportative
particle
.132
4.2.14.3.
Topic particle
.133
4.2.14.4.
Discourse focus particles
.137
4.2.14.5.
Illocutionary force particles
.138
4.2.14.6.
Optional declarative mood clitic
.142
5
Clause structure and grammatical functions
5.1.
Simple clause structure
.145
5.
5.
5.
5.
.1.
Declarative clauses
.147
.2.
Interrogative clauses
.148
.2.1.
Disjunctive questions
.148
.2.2.
Polar questions
.148
5.1.2.3.
Content questions
.150
5.1.3.
Imperative mood categories
.150
5.2.
Grammatical
fonctions
.150
5.2.1.
Constituent order
.151
5.2.2.
Core grammatical marking
.154
X Table of contents
5.2.3.
Absence of pivot
.165
5.2.4.
Absence of passive voice
.168
5.2.5.
Summary
.169
5.3.
Case marking morphology
.169
5.3.1.
Core case marking
.173
5.3.1.1.
Agentive
.173
5.3.1.2.
Formally unmarked core arguments
.174
5.3.2.
Oblique case marking
.175
5.3.2.1.
Allative
.176
5.3.2.2.
Ablative
.177
5.3.2.3.
Instrumental
.178
5.3.2.4.
Dative
.180
5.3.2.5.
Benefactive
.181
5.3.2.6.
Locative
.182
5.3.2.7.
Comitative
.183
5.3.3.
Nascent postpositions
.184
5.4.
Valency modifying and reciprocal/collective derivations
.189
5.4.1.
Morphological causative
.190
5.4.1.1.
Causative derivation of intransitive verb stems
.190
5.4.1.2.
Causative derivation of transitive verb stems
.194
5.4.2.
Analytic causative
.197
5.4.3.
Reciprocal/collective derivation
.198
6
The noun phrase, relative clauses and nominalizations
6.1.
Basic noun phrase structure
.201
6.1.1.
Particles occurring within the noun phrase
.202
6.1.2.
Noun phrase constituents with a variable position
.202
6.1.3.
Overview of other noun phrase constituents
.203
6.2.
Functions of noun phrases
.204
6.3.
Head
.205
6.3.1.
Simple head
.205
6.3.2.
Compound head
.206
6.3.3.
Complex head
.207
6.4.
Noun phrase modifiers
.208
6.4.1.
Attributes
.208
6.4.2.
Quantifiers
.211
6.4.3.
Determiners
.212
6.4.4.
Case marking clitics
.213
6.4.5.
Topic particle and discourse focus particles
.214
6.5.
Recursively embedded noun phrases
.216
6.6.
Relativization and nominalization
.217
6.6.1.
Headed relative clauses
.219
Table of
contents
xi
6.6.2.
Headless
relative clauses
.227
6.6.3.
Agentive
nominalizations as relative clauses
.229
6.6.4.
Locative
nominalizations as relative clauses
.230
6.6.5.
Aspect
and mood marking in
relative clauses
.231
6.6.6.
Relative-correlative
constructions
.234
6.6.7.
Nominalization
.236
7
Nominal
morphology
7.1.
Compound nouns
.241
7.1.1.
Noun-noun compounds
.243
7.1.2.
Noun-verb compounds
.244
7.1.3.
Nominalized verb-noun compounds
.245
7.1.4.
Noun-nominalized verb compounds
.245
7.2.
Nominal prefixes
.246
7.2.1.
Vocative prefix
.246
7.2.2.
Relational prefix
.247
7.2.3.
Non-relational prefix
.248
7.2.4.
Nominalizing prefix
.248
7.3.
Possession
.248
7.3.1.
Possession encoded by pronouns
.249
7.3.2.
Possession encoded by juxtaposed nouns
.251
7.3.3.
Possession encoded by the
agentive nominalizer
.252
7.4.
Nominalization
.255
7.4.1.
Nominal derivation by prefixation
.256
7.4.2.
General nominalizer
.259
7.4.3.
Nominalizations as adjectives of degree
.260
7.4.3.1.
Comparative
.261
7.4.3.2.
Superlative
.262
7.4.4.
Agentive
nominalizer
.263
7.4.5.
Locative nominalizer
.265
7.4.6.
Instrument nominalization
.265
7.4.7.
Purposive nominalization
.265
7.4.8.
Temporal nominalization
.267
7.4.9.
Deictic nominalizations
.268
7.4.10.
The MAN nominalizer
.268
7.5.
Other nominal modifiers
.269
7.5.1.
Intensifier
suffix
.270
7.5.2.
Semantic gender markers
.270
7.5.3.
Diminutive suffix
.272
7.5.4.
Terminative
suffix
.273
7.5.5.
Reflexive suffix
.273
7.5.6.
Locational suffix
.274
xii
Table of
contents
7.6.
Derivational morphology of numerals
.275
7.6.1.
Derivation of distributive numerals
.275
7.6.2.
Derivation of ordinal numerals
.277
7.6.3.
Derivation of numeral adverbs
.277
8
Verbs and verbal morphology
8.1.
Verb classes
.279
8.1.1.
Intransitive verbs
.279
8.1.1.1.
Stative
intransitive verbs
.280
8.1.1.2.
Directional motion verbs
.280
8.1.2.
Transitive verbs
.282
8.1.3.
Ambitransitive verbs
.285
8.1.4.
Reduplicated verb roots
.287
8.2.
Structure of the predicate
.287
8.3.
Verbal prefixes
.290
8.3.1.
Prohibitive mood
.290
8.3.2.
Admonitive mood
.291
8.3.3.
Negative prefix
.291
8.3.4.
Nominalizing prefix
.292
8.4.
Verb root
.294
8.4.1.
Bare roots
.294
8.4.2.
Compound verbs
.294
8.4.3.
Pseudo-compounds
.295
8.4.4.
Compounding versus stem modification
.297
8.5.
Verbal suffixes
.297
8.5.1.
Lexical suffix zone
.298
8.5.1.1.
-ibr (ASCEND)
.301
8.5.1.2.
-/¿¿(DESCEND)
.302
8.5.1.3.
-üAr(INTO)
.303
8.5.1.4.
-/эл
(TO.AND.FRO)
.
304
8.5.1.5.
-^(SEPARATE)
.305
8.5.1.6.
-яз
(SPREAD)
.306
8.5.1.7.
-tóáíKSEVER).
307
8.5.1.8. -/ná
(SPLIT)
.308
8.5.1.9.
-tí?3ffl(END)
.310
8.5.1.10.
-M-
(TERM)
.310
8.5.1.11.
-thm
(TOGETHER)
.312
8.5.1.12.
-tshsg
(ATTACH)
.314
8.5.1.13.
-sáŕ(
AFFECT)
.316
8.5.1.14.
-//âníADDlT)
.319
8.5.1.15.
-.«/¿(ASSIST)
.320
8.5.1.16.
-pňa/f
(COVER)
.320
Table of
contents
xiii
8.5.1.17.
-¿^(REMAIN)
.321
8.5.2.
Reciprocal/collective
-tą?
.321
8.5.3.
Directional suffix
-zak.
322
8.5.4.
Aspectual suffixes
.325
8.5.4.1.
Continuative
marker
-ja .325
8.5.4.2.
Repetitive marker -si
.326
8.5.4.3.
Completive marker -ma?.
.327
8.5.4.4.
Habitual past marker
-ja?.328
8.5.5.
Modality suffixes
.329
8.5.5.1.
Abilitive modality -tfhat.
.329
8.5.5.2.
Frustrative modality -pJiat
.330
8.5.5.3.
Conative modality -tsa
.332
8.5.5.4.
Desiderative
modality -mi.
.333
8.5.5.5.
Chance modality -tfla?
.334
8.5.6.
Resultant state suffix -tfak
.336
8.5.7.
Perfective aspect suffix -tfuk
.338
8.5.8.
Causative suffix -i?
.340
8.5.9.
Negative suffix -la
.341
8.5.10.
Positive imperative suffix -ay
.342
8.5.11.
Converb suffixes
.343
8.5.12.
Tense and modality
.344
8.5.12.1.
Categories of past and present
.346
8.5.12.2.
Categories of irrealis/immediate future
.349
8.5.12.3.
Anterior
.353
8.5.12.4.
Summary of
ТАМ
categories
.354
8.5.13.
General nominalizer
-pà?
.354
8.6.
Concluding comments
.355
9
Vcrbless, copula and existential clauses
9.1.
Verbless clauses
.357
9.1.1.
Identity clauses
.358
9.1.2.
Negated identity clauses
.360
9.1.3.
Interrogative identity clauses
.361
9.1.4.
Ascriptive clauses
.362
9.1.5.
Negated ascriptive clauses
.368
9.1.6.
Interrogative ascriptive clauses
.369
9.1.7.
Cardinal numerals as attributes
.370
9.1.8.
Expression of tense/aspect/modality in copula clauses
.371
9.2.
Verbal existential clauses
.374
9.2.1.
Expression of existence in declarative clauses
.375
9.2.2.
Expression of existence in interrogative clauses
.379
9.3.
Extended functions of existentials
.381
xiv
Table of
contents
9.3.1.
Mood marking in circumstantial converb clauses
.381
9.3.2.
Grammaticalized
tflià
'do' as a discourse connective
.381
9.3.3.
Happening
.382
9.4.
Possessive verbal clause
.383
9.5.
Summary
.385
9.6.
Notes on the origin of copulas
.386
10
Imperatives
10.1.
Imperative as a distinct clause type
.387
10.2.
Expression of imperatives
.389
10.2.1.
Positive imperative
.390
10.2.2.
Prohibitive
.391
10.2.3.
Admonitive
.392
10.2.4.
Semantic verb classes and imperative mood
.393
10.3.
Dependencies between imperatives and other categories
.395
10.3.1.
Absence of
continuative
aspect marking
.395
10.3.2.
Causative marking in imperatives
.397
10.3.3.
Other grammatical categories and imperative mood
.399
10.3.4.
Imperatives and evidentiality
.402
10.4.
Semantics of imperatives
.402
10.4.1.
Use of particles in imperative mood
.403
10.4.2.
Non-command meanings of imperatives
.404
10.4.3.
Imperatives and discourse
.405
10.5.
Notes on the origin of imperatives
.406
10.5.1.
Positive imperative
.406
10.5.2.
Prohibitive and admonitive
.408
11
Clause combining
11.1.
Preliminary remarks
.409
11.2.
Definitions of the converb
.410
11.3.
The syntactic status of Mongsen converbs
.413
11.4.
Types of converbs
.421
11.4.1.
Narrative chaining
.422
11.4.1.1.
Sequential converb
.424
11.4.1.2.
Simultaneous converb
.425
11.4.1.3.
Alternating iterative converb
.428
11.4.2.
Negation and narrative chaining converbs
.431
11.4.3.
Specialized converbs
.435
11.4.3.1.
Conditional converb
.435
11.4.3.2.
Circumstantial converb
.437
11.4.3.3.
Concessive converb
.439
11.4.3.4.
Contemporative converb
.440
11.4.3.5.
Durative
converb
.441
Table of
contents
xv
11.4.3.6.
Causal converb
.442
11.4.3.7.
Locative
converb
.445
11.4.4.
Notes on
the diachronic origin of converbs
.446
11.4.5.
Expression
of
temporal
antecedence
.447
11.4.6.
Disjunctive
expression
using
converbs
.448
11.5.
Space to time grammaticalizations
.449
11.6.
Causal particle
.450
11.7.
Complementation
.451
11.7.1.
Embedded direct speech complements
.452
11.7.2.
Other complement taking predicates
.453
Texts
1.
The Story of the Longtailed Broadbill
.455
2.
The Story of Noksensangba and Imtisangba
.458
3.
The Founding of Mangmetong Village
.478
4.
The Birds' Conference
.481
English
-
Mongsen Ao glossary
1.
Quantity, dimension and measurement
.487
2.
Natural world
.487
3.
Time
.488
4.
Animals-land
.489
5.
Animals
-
water
.489
6.
Birds
.489
7.
Insects, arachnids and invertebrates
.490
8.
Plants
.490
9.
Human relationships
.491
10.
Types of people
.491
11.
Body parts and fluids
-
human and animal
.492
12.
Life, death, illness and injury
.493
13.
Human activity, experience and belief
.494
14.
Food
.494
15.
Weapons and warfare
.495
16.
Cultural artefacts, possessions
.495
17.
Buildings, structures and locations
.496
18.
Cultural terms
-
community, tradition
.497
19.
Language and communication
.497
20.
Verbs
-
stative
.497
21.
Verbs
-
sense and cognition
.499
22.
Verbs
-
activity
.499
References
.505
Index of subjects
.517 |
| adam_txt |
Table
of
contents
Acknowledgements
.
v
List of maps, tables and figures
.xvi
Abbreviations and conventions
.xviii
1
Introduction
1.1.
The Ao language
.1
1.2.
Organization of this grammar
.1
1.3.
Typological overview
.2
1.4.
Linguistic situation inNagaland
.4
1.5.
Genetic classification
.7
1.6.
Geographical setting
.7
1.7.
Ethnographic overview
.9
1.7.1.
Autonym, exonyms and allonyms
.9
1.7.2.
History
.11
1.7.3.
Village life
.13
1.7.4.
Religion
.14
1.8.
Ao dialects
.16
1.9.
Review of literature
.17
1.10.
Ao literature
.18
1.11.
Fieldwork and sources of data
.18
1.12.
Equipment
.20
1.13.
Orthography
.20
1.14.
Theoretical orientation
.21
2
Phonology and phonological processes
2.1.
Syllable structure
.23
2.1.1.
Vowel Sequences
.25
2.1.2.
Absence of phonemic stress
.26
2.1.3.
Tone
.26
2.2.
Segmental
phonology
.27
2.2.1.
Consonant phonemes
.27
2.2.1.1.
Voice onset time contrasts
.28
2.2.1.2.
Stops
.30
2.2.1.3.
Affricates
.31
2.2.1.4.
Fricatives
.31
2.2.1.5.
Nasals
.32
2.2.1.6.
Approximants
.38
2.2.1.7.
Limited free variation
.44
viii Table of
contents
2.2.2.
Vowel phonemes
.45
2.3.
Segmentai
differences between Mongsen varieties
.47
2.3.1.
Consonants
.47
2.3.2.
Vowels
.48
2.4.
Word
.49
2.4.1.
Phonological criteria
.49
2.4.2.
Grammatical criteria
.51
2.5.
Clitics
.51
2.6.
Phonological processes
.52
2.6.1.
Schwa deletion in prefixes
.52
2.6.2.
Sporadic vowel harmony
.53
2.6.3.
Vowel dissimilation
.53
2.6.4.
Glide assimilation
.54
2.6.5.
Consonant assimilation
.54
2.6.6.
Resyllabification
.55
2.6.7.
Other vowel deletions
.55
3
Prosody
3.1.
Tonemes
.57
3.1.1.
Lexical tones
.57
3.1.2.
Methodology
.59
3.1.3.
Grammatical tones
.60
3.1.3.1.
Adjectives of degree
.60
3.1.3.2.
Agentive
case marked by a rising tone
.64
3.2.
Tonally unspecified prefixes
.65
3.3.
Tone sandhi
.67
3.3.1.
Tonal combinations in phonological words
.68
3.3.2.
Tone sandhi generated by morpheme concatenation
.68
3.3.3.
Tone sandhi generated by tones of adjacent words
.71
3.3.4.
Tone sandhi in nominal compounds
.72
3.4.
Postlexical
intonation
.73
3.4.1.
Phrasal intonation
.74
3.4.2.
Boundary marking intonation on dependent clauses
.75
3.4.3.
Non-final postlexical intonation on matrix clauses
.76
3.5.
The glottal stop prosody
.77
4
Word classes
Open word classes
.79
.1.
Verbs
.79
.2.
Overview of the noun word class
.81
.3.
Relational bound nouns
.84
.4.
Non-relational bound nouns
.86
4.1.5.
Unbound nouns
.87
Table of
contents
ix
4.2.
Closed word classes
.88
4.2.1.
Personal pronouns
.89
4.2.2.
Possessive pronouns
.94
4.2.3.
Demonstrative pronouns
.97
4.2.4.
Interrogative pronouns
.98
4.2.5.
Indefinite pronouns
.100
4.2.5.1.
Negative indefinite pronouns
.101
4.2.5.2.
Specific indefinite pronouns
.102
4.2.5.3.
Non-specific indefinite pronouns
.103
4.2.5.4.
Reduplicated indefinite pronouns and adverbals
.104
4.2.6.
Generic pronoun
.105
4.2.7.
Nominal modifiers
.106
4.2.7.1.
Nominal deictics
.106
4.2.7.2.
Lexical quantifiers
.111
4.2.7.3.
Cardinal numerals
.112
4.2.7.4.
Decimalization of the overcounting numeral system
.117
4.2.7.5.
Case marking clitics
.121
4.2.8.
Time words
.122
4.2.9.
Adverbs
.124
4.2.10.
Discourse connectives
.124
4.2.11.
Phrasal conjunction
.127
4.2.12.
Interjections
.129
4.2.13.
Exclamations and onomatopoeia
.129
4.2.14.
Particles and clitics
.131
4.2.14.1.
Quotative particle
.131
4.2.14.2.
Reportative
particle
.132
4.2.14.3.
Topic particle
.133
4.2.14.4.
Discourse focus particles
.137
4.2.14.5.
Illocutionary force particles
.138
4.2.14.6.
Optional declarative mood clitic
.142
5
Clause structure and grammatical functions
5.1.
Simple clause structure
.145
5.
5.
5.
5.
.1.
Declarative clauses
.147
.2.
Interrogative clauses
.148
.2.1.
Disjunctive questions
.148
.2.2.
Polar questions
.148
5.1.2.3.
Content questions
.150
5.1.3.
Imperative mood categories
.150
5.2.
Grammatical
fonctions
.150
5.2.1.
Constituent order
.151
5.2.2.
Core grammatical marking
.154
X Table of contents
5.2.3.
Absence of pivot
.165
5.2.4.
Absence of passive voice
.168
5.2.5.
Summary
.169
5.3.
Case marking morphology
.169
5.3.1.
Core case marking
.173
5.3.1.1.
Agentive
.173
5.3.1.2.
Formally unmarked core arguments
.174
5.3.2.
Oblique case marking
.175
5.3.2.1.
Allative
.176
5.3.2.2.
Ablative
.177
5.3.2.3.
Instrumental
.178
5.3.2.4.
Dative
.180
5.3.2.5.
Benefactive
.181
5.3.2.6.
Locative
.182
5.3.2.7.
Comitative
.183
5.3.3.
Nascent postpositions
.184
5.4.
Valency modifying and reciprocal/collective derivations
.189
5.4.1.
Morphological causative
.190
5.4.1.1.
Causative derivation of intransitive verb stems
.190
5.4.1.2.
Causative derivation of transitive verb stems
.194
5.4.2.
Analytic causative
.197
5.4.3.
Reciprocal/collective derivation
.198
6
The noun phrase, relative clauses and nominalizations
6.1.
Basic noun phrase structure
.201
6.1.1.
Particles occurring within the noun phrase
.202
6.1.2.
Noun phrase constituents with a variable position
.202
6.1.3.
Overview of other noun phrase constituents
.203
6.2.
Functions of noun phrases
.204
6.3.
Head
.205
6.3.1.
Simple head
.205
6.3.2.
Compound head
.206
6.3.3.
Complex head
.207
6.4.
Noun phrase modifiers
.208
6.4.1.
Attributes
.208
6.4.2.
Quantifiers
.211
6.4.3.
Determiners
.212
6.4.4.
Case marking clitics
.213
6.4.5.
Topic particle and discourse focus particles
.214
6.5.
Recursively embedded noun phrases
.216
6.6.
Relativization and nominalization
.217
6.6.1.
Headed relative clauses
.219
Table of
contents
xi
6.6.2.
Headless
relative clauses
.227
6.6.3.
Agentive
nominalizations as relative clauses
.229
6.6.4.
Locative
nominalizations as relative clauses
.230
6.6.5.
Aspect
and mood marking in
relative clauses
.231
6.6.6.
Relative-correlative
constructions
.234
6.6.7.
Nominalization
.236
7
Nominal
morphology
7.1.
Compound nouns
.241
7.1.1.
Noun-noun compounds
.243
7.1.2.
Noun-verb compounds
.244
7.1.3.
Nominalized verb-noun compounds
.245
7.1.4.
Noun-nominalized verb compounds
.245
7.2.
Nominal prefixes
.246
7.2.1.
Vocative prefix
.246
7.2.2.
Relational prefix
.247
7.2.3.
Non-relational prefix
.248
7.2.4.
Nominalizing prefix
.248
7.3.
Possession
.248
7.3.1.
Possession encoded by pronouns
.249
7.3.2.
Possession encoded by juxtaposed nouns
.251
7.3.3.
Possession encoded by the
agentive nominalizer
.252
7.4.
Nominalization
.255
7.4.1.
Nominal derivation by prefixation
.256
7.4.2.
General nominalizer
.259
7.4.3.
Nominalizations as adjectives of degree
.260
7.4.3.1.
Comparative
.261
7.4.3.2.
Superlative
.262
7.4.4.
Agentive
nominalizer
.263
7.4.5.
Locative nominalizer
.265
7.4.6.
Instrument nominalization
.265
7.4.7.
Purposive nominalization
.265
7.4.8.
Temporal nominalization
.267
7.4.9.
Deictic nominalizations
.268
7.4.10.
The MAN nominalizer
.268
7.5.
Other nominal modifiers
.269
7.5.1.
Intensifier
suffix
.270
7.5.2.
Semantic gender markers
.270
7.5.3.
Diminutive suffix
.272
7.5.4.
Terminative
suffix
.273
7.5.5.
Reflexive suffix
.273
7.5.6.
Locational suffix
.274
xii
Table of
contents
7.6.
Derivational morphology of numerals
.275
7.6.1.
Derivation of distributive numerals
.275
7.6.2.
Derivation of ordinal numerals
.277
7.6.3.
Derivation of numeral adverbs
.277
8
Verbs and verbal morphology
8.1.
Verb classes
.279
8.1.1.
Intransitive verbs
.279
8.1.1.1.
Stative
intransitive verbs
.280
8.1.1.2.
Directional motion verbs
.280
8.1.2.
Transitive verbs
.282
8.1.3.
Ambitransitive verbs
.285
8.1.4.
Reduplicated verb roots
.287
8.2.
Structure of the predicate
.287
8.3.
Verbal prefixes
.290
8.3.1.
Prohibitive mood
.290
8.3.2.
Admonitive mood
.291
8.3.3.
Negative prefix
.291
8.3.4.
Nominalizing prefix
.292
8.4.
Verb root
.294
8.4.1.
Bare roots
.294
8.4.2.
Compound verbs
.294
8.4.3.
Pseudo-compounds
.295
8.4.4.
Compounding versus stem modification
.297
8.5.
Verbal suffixes
.297
8.5.1.
Lexical suffix zone
.298
8.5.1.1.
-ibr (ASCEND)
.301
8.5.1.2.
-/¿¿(DESCEND)
.302
8.5.1.3.
-üAr(INTO)
.303
8.5.1.4.
-/эл
(TO.AND.FRO)
.
304
8.5.1.5.
-^(SEPARATE)
.305
8.5.1.6.
-яз
(SPREAD)
.306
8.5.1.7.
-tóáíKSEVER).
307
8.5.1.8. -/ná
(SPLIT)
.308
8.5.1.9.
-tí?3ffl(END)
.310
8.5.1.10.
-M-
(TERM)
.310
8.5.1.11.
-thm
(TOGETHER)
.312
8.5.1.12.
-tshsg
(ATTACH)
.314
8.5.1.13.
-sáŕ(
AFFECT)
.316
8.5.1.14.
-//âníADDlT)
.319
8.5.1.15.
-.«/¿(ASSIST)
.320
8.5.1.16.
-pňa/f
(COVER)
.320
Table of
contents
xiii
8.5.1.17.
-¿^(REMAIN)
.321
8.5.2.
Reciprocal/collective
-tą?
.321
8.5.3.
Directional suffix
-zak.
322
8.5.4.
Aspectual suffixes
.325
8.5.4.1.
Continuative
marker
-ja .325
8.5.4.2.
Repetitive marker -si
.326
8.5.4.3.
Completive marker -ma?.
.327
8.5.4.4.
Habitual past marker
-ja?.328
8.5.5.
Modality suffixes
.329
8.5.5.1.
Abilitive modality -tfhat.
.329
8.5.5.2.
Frustrative modality -pJiat
.330
8.5.5.3.
Conative modality -tsa
.332
8.5.5.4.
Desiderative
modality -mi.
.333
8.5.5.5.
Chance modality -tfla?
.334
8.5.6.
Resultant state suffix -tfak
.336
8.5.7.
Perfective aspect suffix -tfuk
.338
8.5.8.
Causative suffix -i?
.340
8.5.9.
Negative suffix -la
.341
8.5.10.
Positive imperative suffix -ay
.342
8.5.11.
Converb suffixes
.343
8.5.12.
Tense and modality
.344
8.5.12.1.
Categories of past and present
.346
8.5.12.2.
Categories of irrealis/immediate future
.349
8.5.12.3.
Anterior
.353
8.5.12.4.
Summary of
ТАМ
categories
.354
8.5.13.
General nominalizer
-pà?
.354
8.6.
Concluding comments
.355
9
Vcrbless, copula and existential clauses
9.1.
Verbless clauses
.357
9.1.1.
Identity clauses
.358
9.1.2.
Negated identity clauses
.360
9.1.3.
Interrogative identity clauses
.361
9.1.4.
Ascriptive clauses
.362
9.1.5.
Negated ascriptive clauses
.368
9.1.6.
Interrogative ascriptive clauses
.369
9.1.7.
Cardinal numerals as attributes
.370
9.1.8.
Expression of tense/aspect/modality in copula clauses
.371
9.2.
Verbal existential clauses
.374
9.2.1.
Expression of existence in declarative clauses
.375
9.2.2.
Expression of existence in interrogative clauses
.379
9.3.
Extended functions of existentials
.381
xiv
Table of
contents
9.3.1.
Mood marking in circumstantial converb clauses
.381
9.3.2.
Grammaticalized
tflià
'do' as a discourse connective
.381
9.3.3.
Happening
.382
9.4.
Possessive verbal clause
.383
9.5.
Summary
.385
9.6.
Notes on the origin of copulas
.386
10
Imperatives
10.1.
Imperative as a distinct clause type
.387
10.2.
Expression of imperatives
.389
10.2.1.
Positive imperative
.390
10.2.2.
Prohibitive
.391
10.2.3.
Admonitive
.392
10.2.4.
Semantic verb classes and imperative mood
.393
10.3.
Dependencies between imperatives and other categories
.395
10.3.1.
Absence of
continuative
aspect marking
.395
10.3.2.
Causative marking in imperatives
.397
10.3.3.
Other grammatical categories and imperative mood
.399
10.3.4.
Imperatives and evidentiality
.402
10.4.
Semantics of imperatives
.402
10.4.1.
Use of particles in imperative mood
.403
10.4.2.
Non-command meanings of imperatives
.404
10.4.3.
Imperatives and discourse
.405
10.5.
Notes on the origin of imperatives
.406
10.5.1.
Positive imperative
.406
10.5.2.
Prohibitive and admonitive
.408
11
Clause combining
11.1.
Preliminary remarks
.409
11.2.
Definitions of the converb
.410
11.3.
The syntactic status of Mongsen converbs
.413
11.4.
Types of converbs
.421
11.4.1.
Narrative chaining
.422
11.4.1.1.
Sequential converb
.424
11.4.1.2.
Simultaneous converb
.425
11.4.1.3.
Alternating iterative converb
.428
11.4.2.
Negation and narrative chaining converbs
.431
11.4.3.
Specialized converbs
.435
11.4.3.1.
Conditional converb
.435
11.4.3.2.
Circumstantial converb
.437
11.4.3.3.
Concessive converb
.439
11.4.3.4.
Contemporative converb
.440
11.4.3.5.
Durative
converb
.441
Table of
contents
xv
11.4.3.6.
Causal converb
.442
11.4.3.7.
Locative
converb
.445
11.4.4.
Notes on
the diachronic origin of converbs
.446
11.4.5.
Expression
of
temporal
antecedence
.447
11.4.6.
Disjunctive
expression
using
converbs
.448
11.5.
Space to time grammaticalizations
.449
11.6.
Causal particle
.450
11.7.
Complementation
.451
11.7.1.
Embedded direct speech complements
.452
11.7.2.
Other complement taking predicates
.453
Texts
1.
The Story of the Longtailed Broadbill
.455
2.
The Story of Noksensangba and Imtisangba
.458
3.
The Founding of Mangmetong Village
.478
4.
The Birds' Conference
.481
English
-
Mongsen Ao glossary
1.
Quantity, dimension and measurement
.487
2.
Natural world
.487
3.
Time
.488
4.
Animals-land
.489
5.
Animals
-
water
.489
6.
Birds
.489
7.
Insects, arachnids and invertebrates
.490
8.
Plants
.490
9.
Human relationships
.491
10.
Types of people
.491
11.
Body parts and fluids
-
human and animal
.492
12.
Life, death, illness and injury
.493
13.
Human activity, experience and belief
.494
14.
Food
.494
15.
Weapons and warfare
.495
16.
Cultural artefacts, possessions
.495
17.
Buildings, structures and locations
.496
18.
Cultural terms
-
community, tradition
.497
19.
Language and communication
.497
20.
Verbs
-
stative
.497
21.
Verbs
-
sense and cognition
.499
22.
Verbs
-
activity
.499
References
.505
Index of subjects
.517 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Coupe, Alexander R. 1958- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133827623 |
| author_facet | Coupe, Alexander R. 1958- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Coupe, Alexander R. 1958- |
| author_variant | a r c ar arc |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023091374 |
| callnumber-first | P - Language and Literature |
| callnumber-label | PL4001 |
| callnumber-raw | PL4001.A691 |
| callnumber-search | PL4001.A691 |
| callnumber-sort | PL 44001 A691 |
| callnumber-subject | PL - Eastern Asia, Africa, Oceania |
| classification_rvk | EG 6830 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)145431661 (DE-599)BVBBV023091374 |
| dewey-full | 495/.4 |
| dewey-hundreds | 400 - Language |
| dewey-ones | 495 - Languages of east and southeast Asia |
| dewey-raw | 495/.4 |
| dewey-search | 495/.4 |
| dewey-sort | 3495 14 |
| dewey-tens | 490 - Other languages |
| discipline | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Außereuropäische Sprachen und Literaturen Literaturwissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023091374 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:41:06Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:30:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783110190885 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016294234 |
| oclc_num | 145431661 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XXIII, 526 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 240 mm x 160 mm |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | de Gruyter |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Mouton Grammar Library |
| series2 | Mouton Grammar Library |
| spelling | Coupe, Alexander R. 1958- Verfasser (DE-588)133827623 aut A grammar of Mongsen Ao by A. R. Coupe Berlin de Gruyter 2007 XXIII, 526 S. graph. Darst., Kt. 240 mm x 160 mm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Mouton Grammar Library 39 Ao-Naga gtt Grammatik Ao language Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd rswk-swf Mongsen (DE-588)7597579-8 gnd rswk-swf Mongsen (DE-588)7597579-8 s Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 s DE-604 Mouton Grammar Library 39 (DE-604)BV000018422 39 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2909173&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016294234&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Coupe, Alexander R. 1958- A grammar of Mongsen Ao Mouton Grammar Library Ao-Naga gtt Grammatik Ao language Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Mongsen (DE-588)7597579-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4021806-5 (DE-588)7597579-8 |
| title | A grammar of Mongsen Ao |
| title_auth | A grammar of Mongsen Ao |
| title_exact_search | A grammar of Mongsen Ao |
| title_exact_search_txtP | A grammar of Mongsen Ao |
| title_full | A grammar of Mongsen Ao by A. R. Coupe |
| title_fullStr | A grammar of Mongsen Ao by A. R. Coupe |
| title_full_unstemmed | A grammar of Mongsen Ao by A. R. Coupe |
| title_short | A grammar of Mongsen Ao |
| title_sort | a grammar of mongsen ao |
| topic | Ao-Naga gtt Grammatik Ao language Grammar Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd Mongsen (DE-588)7597579-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ao-Naga Grammatik Ao language Grammar Mongsen |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2909173&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016294234&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000018422 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT coupealexanderr agrammarofmongsenao |