The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards:
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| Language: | English |
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The Hague
Asser Press
2007
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| Physical Description: | XVI, 344 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789067042567 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Masson-Matthee, Mariëlle D. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards |c Mariëlle D. Masson-Matthee |
| 264 | 1 | |a The Hague |b Asser Press |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 344 S. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 610 | 2 | 4 | |a Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food Inspection |x standards | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food industry and trade | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food law and legislation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food |x Safety measures | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food |x Safety regulations | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food |x Standards | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food |x standards | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Food-Processing Industry |x standards | |
| 650 | 4 | |a International Agencies | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Legislation, Food | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Quality Control | |
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| adam_text | IX
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Foreword V
Preface
and Acknowledgements
VII
Abbreviations XV
Introduction
1.
The rise of the Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards
1
2.
International governance and fragmentation of international law;
questions as to the legal nature of Codex standards
3
3.
Legitimacy and the Codex Alimentarius Commission, its
standard-setting procedure and its standards
6
4.
The structure of research
12
Chapter I
The Codex Alimentarius Commission: the Institutional Framework
13
1.
Introduction
13
2.
The origin of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme
13
3.
A Joint FAO/WHO Institutional Framework
16
3.1
The Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission
18
3.1.1
Powers and internal rules
18
3.1.1.1
The subsidiary character of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
19
3.1.1.2
Delegation of powers as basis for Codex Alimentarius
Commission s authority
21
3.1.1.3
The Procedural Manual
24
3.1.2
Composition
25
3.1.2.1
Members of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
25
3.1.2.2
Observers of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
27
3.1.3
Meetings of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
28
3.1.4
Budgetary issues
30
3.2
The Executive Committee
31
3.2.1
Legal basis, powers and internal rules
31
3.2.2
Composition
32
3.2.3
Meetings and budgetary issues
33
3.3
The Codex Secretariat
33
3.4
The Codex Committees and Task Forces
34
3.4.1
Different types of Committees
3 5
3.4.1.1
General Codex Committees and Commodity Codex Committees
36
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.4.1.2
Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Forces
3 8
3.4.1.3
Regional Co-ordinating Committees
38
3.4.2
Powers and internal rules
39
3.4.3
Composition
39
3.4.4
Budgetary issues
40
3.5
Scientific expert bodies
42
3.5.1
Mandate and internal rules
42
3.5.2
Composition and meetings
44
3.5.3
Administration and finance
47
3.6
The Joint FAO/WHO Consultative Group for the Trust Fund
48
4.
Conclusions
49
Chapter II
The Codex Alimentarius:
harmonisation
through standard-setting
51
1.
Introduction
51
2.
The structure of the Codex Alimentarius
52
2.1
From a vertical to a horizontal approach
53
2.2
World-wide and regional Codex standards
56
2.3
Other types of Codex measures
58
2.4
The relationship between the various measures
59
3.
The scope and specificity of the measures contained in the
Codex Alimentarius
62
3.1
Ensuring the protection of health
63
3.2
Ensuring fair trade practices in foods
66
3.3
Addressing the diversity of national circumstances
67
3.3.1
Scientific uncertainty due to variability
67
3.3.2
Diversity of national circumstances and non-scientific factors
71
4.
The Codex standard-setting procedure and the acceptance
procedure
73
4.1
A uniform 8-step standard-setting procedure
75
4.2
The emphasis on consensus-building during the standard-setting
procedure
80
4.3
The publication and acceptance procedure
83
5.
The Codex Alimentarius: levels of
harmonisation
86
5.1
Codex standards and other Codex measures
87
5.2
The acceptance procedure
89
6.
Legal status of the Codex Alimentarius under the acceptance
procedure
91
7.
Conclusions
93
Chapter III
The Codex and the EC
95
1.
Introduction
95
2.
Overview of the
harmonisation
process of the European
Community and the Codex Alimentarius Commission compared
96
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
XI
2.1
Prior to
1987 96
2.2 1987-1997 98
2.3 1997-2002 99
2.4
Post-2002
101
3.
The promotion of the acceptance of Codex standards and MRLs
102
4.
The use of Codex Alimentarius in secondary EC food legislation
prior to
2002 103
4.1
The use of Codex Alimentarius in the preparation of EC food law
103
4.2
Reference to the Codex Alimentarius in secondary EC food
legislation
106
5.
The Codex Alimentarius and the European Court of Justice
108
5.1
The European Court of Justice and its reference to the Codex
Alimentarius in the context of Article
28
and
30
EC
108
5.1.1
The explicit role of the work of the Joint FAO/WHO Food
Standard Programme in the jurisprudence on Article
30
EC
110
5.1.2
Developments reducing the role of the Codex Alimentarius under
Article
30 115
5.2
The European Court of Justice and its use of the Codex
Alimentarius in the context of secondary food legislation
116
5.3
The Codex Alimentarius, the European Court of Justice and the
legality of EC measures adopted by the Community institutions
117
6. 2002
and beyond: Increasing resort to Codex standards?
120
6.1
General principles of food law and the reference to the Codex
Alimentarius
121
6.2
EC food law and the consideration of Codex standards and other
related texts
123
6.3
The European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO
Food Standards Programme
126
7.
The changing inter-institutional relationship between the
European Commission and the Codex Alimentarius Commission
129
8.
Conclusions
132
Chapter IV
The WTO Agreements and the Codex Alimentarius
135
1.
Introduction
135
2.
Harmonisation
in the context of the SPS Agreement and the TBT
Agreement
136
2.1
The objective and the function of
harmonisation
in the framework
of the SPS Agreement and the TBT Agreement
137
2.2
The provisions on
harmonisation
under the SPS Agreement and
the TBT Agreement
140
2.2.1
The scope of the obligation to harmonise
140
2.2.1.1
The terms based on or use as a basis
142
2.2.1.2
The right to deviate from international standards
144
2.2.2
Harmonisation as
encouragement
152
XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.
The status of Codex Measures under the SPS Agreement and the
TBT Agreement
154
3.1
The Codex Alimentarius Commission as a recognised standard-
setting body under the SPS Agreement and the TBT Agreement
155
3.2
The status of Codex standards as necessary measures to protect
legitimate obj ectives
15 8
3.3
The status of international standards as binding norms
159
3.3.1
Explicit rejection of binding status of Codex standards by the
Appellate Body
160
3.3.2
The application of the terms used as a basis by panels
162
3.4
The status of international standards as appropriate and effective
standards under the TBT Agreement
164
3.5
The status of international standards under Article
5
of the SPS
Agreement
165
3.5.1
Article
5.1:
Risk assessment techniques developed by the
relevant international organisations
166
3.5.2
The role of the scientific basis of the international standards to
interpret the scientific justification for a higher national level of
protection
169
3.5.3
The role of international standards and the choice of a least trade
restrictive measure achieving this level
173
4.
The changed status of Codex measures and the abolition of the
Codex acceptance procedure
175
4.1
The obligations under the SPS Agreement and the TBT
Agreement cover all documents adopted by the Codex
Alimentarius Commission
176
4.2
The different objective and content of the obligations resulting
from Codex measures in the context of the WTO agreements
177
4.3
Consequences related to the different membership of both
institutions
178
4.4
The role of the explicit consent under the acceptance procedure
and under the SPS Agreement and the TBT Agreement
178
4.5
Consequences of the abolition of the Codex acceptance
procedure
182
5.
The inter-institutional relationship of the WTO
-
Codex
Alimentarius Commission
182
5.1
The dispute settlement mechanism
184
5.1.1
Lack of
j udicial
review to ensure legitimacy of the Codex
procedures
185
5.1.2
WTO panels and the interpretation of Codex measures
188
5.1.2.1
The scope of the obligation to use customary rules of
interpretation
190
5.1.2.2
The competence to seek information from Outside sources
192
5.2
The SPS Committee: Monitoring the process of international
harmonisation
195
6.
Conclusions
197
__________________________________________________
хш
Chapter V
The legitimacy of the Codex Alimentarius, the standard-setting
procedure and the institutional framework
201
1.
Introduction
201
2.
Questions of legitimacy related to the institutional structure
203
2.1
The normative competence of the Codex Alimentarius
Commission
204
2.2
Delegation of tasks to Codex Committees: a question of
decentralisation
206
2.2.1
Concerns related to the position of the Codex Committees
207
2.2.1.1
Codex Committees and the initiation of new work
207
2.2.1.2
The definition of inter-Committee relationship
209
2.2.2
Instruments to supervise and co-ordinate the activities of Codex
Committees
211
2.2.2.1
The Criteria for Establishing Work Priorities , the Medium-
Term Plan and their application by the Codex Alimentarius
Commission and the Executive Committee
211
2.2.2.2
The definition of inter-relationship between Codex Committees
214
2.2.3
Amendments of the Procedures for the Elaboration of Codex
Standards and Related Texts and the new function of the
Executive Committee
215
2.3
The mandate of expert bodies
217
2.3.1
Relation risk assessor
-
risk manager
218
2.3.2
Working procedures to ensure independence of the expert bodies
221
2.4
The role of other international institutions in the elaboration
procedure
224
3.
Procedural legitimacy
228
3.1
Consensus
230
3.1.1
Final decision-making and the rales regulating consensus
231
3.1.2
Consensus-building: the role of Codex Committees
236
3.1.3
Managing the procedure
237
3.2
Participation
241
3.2.1
Participation possibilities of developing countries
242
3.2.1.1
Obstacles to
a defacto
effective participation of developing
countries
243
3.2.1.2
Ways to stimulate the participation of developing countries
245
3.2.1.2.1
Co-chairing and hosting of Codex Committee meetings in
developing countries
246
3.2.1.2.2
The Trust Fund for the participation of developing countries
and countries in transition in the work of the Codex
Alimentarius Commission
247
3.2.2
Analysing the intergovernmental character of participation
rights
248
3.2.3
The participation of industry INGOs
vis-à-vis
public interest
INGOs
250
3.3
Transparency
254
XIV
_______________________________________________________________
3.3.1
Transparency and the standard-setting
procedure
255
3.3.2
Transparency and the Procedural Manual
256
3.3.3
Openness of the meetings of the involved bodies
257
3.3.4
Access to documents
259
3.3.5
Problems related to translations
259
4.
Substantive legitimacy
260
5.
Conclusions
263
Conclusions
269
1.
General conclusions
269
2.
Main concerns, recommendations and suggestions
277
2.1
Consequences resulting from the fragmentation of law
277
2.2
Towards a more structural approach to ensure the legitimacy
of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, its standard-setting
procedure and its standards
279
Annexes
Annex I: Codex International Individual Standard for
Gouda,
Codex Stan C-5-
1966 285
Annex II: Codex Standard for Chocolate and Chocolate Products,
Codex Stan
87-1981
(Rev.
1-2003) 289
Annex III: General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods,
Codex Stan
1-1985
(Rev.
1-1991) 301
Annex IV: Code of Hygienic Practice for the Transport of Food in Bulk
and Semi-Packed Food,
С
AC/RCP
47-2001 309
Annex V: Guidelines for Food Import Control Systems,
CAC/GL
47-2003 315
Bibliography
325
Table of Cases
339
Index
341
With a Foreword by Prof .dr. P.L.H. Van
den Bossche
and Prof.dr. E.I.L.
Vos,
both from Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission was established by the Food and Agricul¬
tural Organization
(FAO)
and the World Health Organization (WHO) in
1963,
as
subsidiary organ of both organizations. Since its establishment, the Commission
has been charged with the creation of the Codex Alimentarius: a collection of
uniformly-defined food standards. Examples of food standards adopted by the
Commission are the Standard for Natural Mineral Waters, the Maximum Residue
Levels (MRLs) for hormone growth promoters in cattle, and the Standard for Sar¬
dines and Sardine-Type Products. The authority of the Commission is restricted
by its position as a subsidiary body of the
FAO
and the WHO. However, with
regard to its normative powers, the Commission operates independently from its
parent organizations.
This book examines the legal aspects of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
and its standards, and describes more precisely the actual status of the stan¬
dards, both within the framework
of the WTO agreements as well as
within the context of the EC legal
order. In addition, it defines the con¬
sequences of the new status of the
Codex standards for the legitimacy
of the institutional framework of the
Commission, its standard-setting
procedure, and the Codex stan¬
dards themselves.
The book is geared at scholars of
international law and WTO law. It
will also be an important reference
for specialists at national govern¬
ments and international organiza¬
tions
(FAO, UNCTAD,
WTO, WHO,
World Bank, EC Commission,
World Organisation for Animal
Health, etc.), working with Codex
standards and food safety, and
equally of interest to food scien¬
tists and consumer organizations.
|
| adam_txt |
IX
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Foreword V
Preface
and Acknowledgements
VII
Abbreviations XV
Introduction
1.
The rise of the Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards
1
2.
International governance and fragmentation of international law;
questions as to the legal nature of Codex standards
3
3.
Legitimacy and the Codex Alimentarius Commission, its
standard-setting procedure and its standards
6
4.
The structure of research
12
Chapter I
The Codex Alimentarius Commission: the Institutional Framework
13
1.
Introduction
13
2.
The origin of the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme
13
3.
A Joint FAO/WHO Institutional Framework
16
3.1
The Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission
18
3.1.1
Powers and internal rules
18
3.1.1.1
The subsidiary character of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
19
3.1.1.2
Delegation of powers as basis for Codex Alimentarius
Commission's authority
21
3.1.1.3
The Procedural Manual
24
3.1.2
Composition
25
3.1.2.1
Members of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
25
3.1.2.2
Observers of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
27
3.1.3
Meetings of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
28
3.1.4
Budgetary issues
30
3.2
The Executive Committee
31
3.2.1
Legal basis, powers and internal rules
31
3.2.2
Composition
32
3.2.3
Meetings and budgetary issues
33
3.3
The Codex Secretariat
33
3.4
The Codex Committees and Task Forces
34
3.4.1
Different types of Committees
3 5
3.4.1.1
General Codex Committees and Commodity Codex Committees
36
X TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.4.1.2
Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Task Forces
3 8
3.4.1.3
Regional Co-ordinating Committees
38
3.4.2
Powers and internal rules
39
3.4.3
Composition
39
3.4.4
Budgetary issues
40
3.5
Scientific expert bodies
42
3.5.1
Mandate and internal rules
42
3.5.2
Composition and meetings
44
3.5.3
Administration and finance
47
3.6
The Joint FAO/WHO Consultative Group for the Trust Fund
48
4.
Conclusions
49
Chapter II
The Codex Alimentarius:
harmonisation
through standard-setting
51
1.
Introduction
51
2.
The structure of the Codex Alimentarius
52
2.1
From a vertical to a horizontal approach
53
2.2
World-wide and regional Codex standards
56
2.3
Other types of Codex measures
58
2.4
The relationship between the various measures
59
3.
The scope and specificity of the measures contained in the
Codex Alimentarius
62
3.1
Ensuring the protection of health
63
3.2
Ensuring fair trade practices in foods
66
3.3
Addressing the diversity of national circumstances
67
3.3.1
Scientific'uncertainty'due to variability
67
3.3.2
Diversity of national circumstances and 'non-scientific' factors
71
4.
The Codex standard-setting procedure and the acceptance
procedure
73
4.1
A uniform 8-step standard-setting procedure
75
4.2
The emphasis on consensus-building during the standard-setting
procedure
80
4.3
The publication and acceptance procedure
83
5.
The Codex Alimentarius: levels of
harmonisation
86
5.1
Codex standards and other Codex measures
87
5.2
The acceptance procedure
89
6.
Legal status of the Codex Alimentarius under the acceptance
procedure
91
7.
Conclusions
93
Chapter III
The Codex and the EC
95
1.
Introduction
95
2.
Overview of the
harmonisation
process of the European
Community and the Codex Alimentarius Commission compared
96
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
XI
2.1
Prior to
1987 96
2.2 1987-1997 98
2.3 1997-2002 99
2.4
Post-2002
101
3.
The promotion of the acceptance of Codex standards and MRLs
102
4.
The use of Codex Alimentarius in secondary EC food legislation
prior to
2002 103
4.1
The use of Codex Alimentarius in the preparation of EC food law
103
4.2
Reference to the Codex Alimentarius in secondary EC food
legislation
106
5.
The Codex Alimentarius and the European Court of Justice
108
5.1
The European Court of Justice and its reference to the Codex
Alimentarius in the context of Article
28
and
30
EC
108
5.1.1
The explicit role of the work of the Joint FAO/WHO Food
Standard Programme in the jurisprudence on Article
30
EC
110
5.1.2
Developments reducing the role of the Codex Alimentarius under
Article
30 115
5.2
The European Court of Justice and its use of the Codex
Alimentarius in the context of secondary food legislation
116
5.3
The Codex Alimentarius, the European Court of Justice and the
legality of EC measures adopted by the Community institutions
117
6. 2002
and beyond: Increasing resort to Codex standards?
120
6.1
General principles of food law and the reference to the Codex
Alimentarius
121
6.2
EC food law and the consideration of Codex standards and other
related texts
123
6.3
The European Food Safety Authority and the Joint FAO/WHO
Food Standards Programme
126
7.
The changing inter-institutional relationship between the
European Commission and the Codex Alimentarius Commission
129
8.
Conclusions
132
Chapter IV
The WTO Agreements and the Codex Alimentarius
135
1.
Introduction
135
2.
Harmonisation
in the context of the SPS Agreement and the TBT
Agreement
136
2.1
The objective and the function of
harmonisation
in the framework
of the SPS Agreement and the TBT Agreement
137
2.2
The provisions on
harmonisation
under the SPS Agreement and
the TBT Agreement
140
2.2.1
The scope of the obligation to harmonise
140
2.2.1.1
The terms 'based on' or 'use as a basis'
142
2.2.1.2
The right to deviate from international standards
144
2.2.2
Harmonisation as
encouragement
152
XII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.
The status of Codex Measures under the SPS Agreement and the
TBT Agreement
154
3.1
The Codex Alimentarius Commission as a recognised standard-
setting body under the SPS Agreement and the TBT Agreement
155
3.2
The status of Codex standards as necessary measures to protect
legitimate obj ectives
15 8
3.3
The status of international standards as binding norms
159
3.3.1
Explicit rejection of binding status of Codex standards by the
Appellate Body
160
3.3.2
The application of the terms 'used as a basis' by panels
162
3.4
The status of international standards as appropriate and effective
standards under the TBT Agreement
164
3.5
The status of international standards under Article
5
of the SPS
Agreement
165
3.5.1
Article
5.1:
Risk assessment techniques developed by the
relevant international organisations
166
3.5.2
The role of the scientific basis of the international standards to
interpret the scientific justification for a higher national level of
protection
169
3.5.3
The role of international standards and the choice of a least trade
restrictive measure achieving this level
173
4.
The changed status of Codex measures and the abolition of the
Codex acceptance procedure
175
4.1
The obligations under the SPS Agreement and the TBT
Agreement cover all documents adopted by the Codex
Alimentarius Commission
176
4.2
The different objective and content of the obligations resulting
from Codex measures in the context of the WTO agreements
177
4.3
Consequences related to the different membership of both
institutions
178
4.4
The role of the 'explicit consent' under the acceptance procedure
and under the SPS Agreement and the TBT Agreement
178
4.5
Consequences of the abolition of the Codex acceptance
procedure
182
5.
The inter-institutional relationship of the WTO
-
Codex
Alimentarius Commission
182
5.1
The dispute settlement mechanism
184
5.1.1
Lack of
j udicial
review to ensure legitimacy of the Codex
procedures
185
5.1.2
WTO panels and the interpretation of Codex measures
188
5.1.2.1
The scope of the obligation to use customary rules of
interpretation
190
5.1.2.2
The competence to seek information from Outside'sources
192
5.2
The SPS Committee: Monitoring the process of international
harmonisation
195
6.
Conclusions
197
_
хш
Chapter V
The legitimacy of the Codex Alimentarius, the standard-setting
procedure and the institutional framework
201
1.
Introduction
201
2.
Questions of legitimacy related to the institutional structure
203
2.1
The normative competence of the Codex Alimentarius
Commission
204
2.2
Delegation of tasks to Codex Committees: a question of
decentralisation
206
2.2.1
Concerns related to the position of the Codex Committees
207
2.2.1.1
Codex Committees and the initiation of new work
207
2.2.1.2
The definition of inter-Committee relationship
209
2.2.2
Instruments to supervise and co-ordinate the activities of Codex
Committees
211
2.2.2.1
The 'Criteria for Establishing Work Priorities', the 'Medium-
Term Plan' and their application by the Codex Alimentarius
Commission and the Executive Committee
211
2.2.2.2
The definition of inter-relationship between Codex Committees
214
2.2.3
Amendments of the 'Procedures for the Elaboration of Codex
Standards and Related Texts' and the new function of the
Executive Committee
215
2.3
The mandate of expert bodies
217
2.3.1
Relation risk assessor
-
risk manager
218
2.3.2
Working procedures to ensure independence of the expert bodies
221
2.4
The role of other international institutions in the elaboration
procedure
224
3.
Procedural legitimacy
228
3.1
Consensus
230
3.1.1
Final decision-making and the rales regulating consensus
231
3.1.2
Consensus-building: the role of Codex Committees
236
3.1.3
Managing the procedure
237
3.2
Participation
241
3.2.1
Participation possibilities of developing countries
242
3.2.1.1
Obstacles to
a defacto
effective participation of developing
countries
243
3.2.1.2
Ways to stimulate the participation of developing countries
245
3.2.1.2.1
Co-chairing and hosting of Codex Committee meetings in
developing countries
246
3.2.1.2.2
The Trust Fund for the participation of developing countries
and countries in transition in the work of the Codex
Alimentarius Commission
247
3.2.2
Analysing the intergovernmental character of participation
rights
248
3.2.3
The participation of industry INGOs
vis-à-vis
public interest
INGOs
250
3.3
Transparency
254
XIV
_
3.3.1
Transparency and the standard-setting
procedure
255
3.3.2
Transparency and the Procedural Manual
256
3.3.3
Openness of the meetings of the involved bodies
257
3.3.4
Access to documents
259
3.3.5
Problems related to translations
259
4.
Substantive legitimacy
260
5.
Conclusions
263
Conclusions
269
1.
General conclusions
269
2.
Main concerns, recommendations and suggestions
277
2.1
Consequences resulting from the fragmentation of law
277
2.2
Towards a more structural approach to ensure the legitimacy
of the Codex Alimentarius Commission, its standard-setting
procedure and its standards
279
Annexes
Annex I: Codex International Individual Standard for
Gouda,
Codex Stan C-5-
1966 285
Annex II: Codex Standard for Chocolate and Chocolate Products,
Codex Stan
87-1981
(Rev.
1-2003) 289
Annex III: General Standard for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods,
Codex Stan
1-1985
(Rev.
1-1991) 301
Annex IV: Code of Hygienic Practice for the Transport of Food in Bulk
and Semi-Packed Food,
С
AC/RCP
47-2001 309
Annex V: Guidelines for Food Import Control Systems,
CAC/GL
47-2003 315
Bibliography
325
Table of Cases
339
Index
341
With a Foreword by Prof .dr. P.L.H. Van
den Bossche
and Prof.dr. E.I.L.
Vos,
both from Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
The Codex Alimentarius Commission was established by the Food and Agricul¬
tural Organization
(FAO)
and the World Health Organization (WHO) in
1963,
as
subsidiary organ of both organizations. Since its establishment, the Commission
has been charged with the creation of the Codex Alimentarius: a collection of
uniformly-defined food standards. Examples of food standards adopted by the
Commission are the Standard for Natural Mineral Waters, the Maximum Residue
Levels (MRLs) for hormone growth promoters in cattle, and the Standard for Sar¬
dines and Sardine-Type Products. The authority of the Commission is restricted
by its position as a subsidiary body of the
FAO
and the WHO. However, with
regard to its normative powers, the Commission operates independently from its
parent organizations.
This book examines the legal aspects of the Codex Alimentarius Commission
and its standards, and describes more precisely the actual status of the stan¬
dards, both within the framework
of the WTO agreements as well as
within the context of the EC legal
order. In addition, it defines the con¬
sequences of the new status of the
Codex standards for the legitimacy
of the institutional framework of the
Commission, its standard-setting
procedure, and the Codex stan¬
dards themselves.
The book is geared at scholars of
international law and WTO law. It
will also be an important reference
for specialists at national govern¬
ments and international organiza¬
tions
(FAO, UNCTAD,
WTO, WHO,
World Bank, EC Commission,
World Organisation for Animal
Health, etc.), working with Codex
standards and food safety, and
equally of interest to food scien¬
tists and consumer organizations. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| discipline | Rechtswissenschaft |
| discipline_str_mv | Rechtswissenschaft |
| format | Book |
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| spelling | Masson-Matthee, Mariëlle D. Verfasser aut The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards Mariëlle D. Masson-Matthee The Hague Asser Press 2007 XVI, 344 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission Food Inspection standards Food industry and trade Food law and legislation Food Safety measures Food Safety regulations Food Standards Food standards Food-Processing Industry standards International Agencies Legislation, Food Quality Control Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016265074&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016265074&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Masson-Matthee, Mariëlle D. The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission Food Inspection standards Food industry and trade Food law and legislation Food Safety measures Food Safety regulations Food Standards Food standards Food-Processing Industry standards International Agencies Legislation, Food Quality Control |
| title | The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards |
| title_auth | The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards |
| title_exact_search | The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards |
| title_full | The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards Mariëlle D. Masson-Matthee |
| title_fullStr | The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards Mariëlle D. Masson-Matthee |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards Mariëlle D. Masson-Matthee |
| title_short | The Codex Alimentarius Commission and its standards |
| title_sort | the codex alimentarius commission and its standards |
| topic | Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission Food Inspection standards Food industry and trade Food law and legislation Food Safety measures Food Safety regulations Food Standards Food standards Food-Processing Industry standards International Agencies Legislation, Food Quality Control |
| topic_facet | Joint FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission Food Inspection standards Food industry and trade Food law and legislation Food Safety measures Food Safety regulations Food Standards Food standards Food-Processing Industry standards International Agencies Legislation, Food Quality Control |
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