Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York [u.a.]
MacGraw-Hill Medical
2007
|
| Edition: | 8. ed. |
| Series: | A Lange medical book
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 1010 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780071440110 0071440119 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology |c ed. by David G. Gardner .... |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Greenspan's Basic and clinical endocrinology |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Basic & clinical endocrinology |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Basic and clinical endocrinology |
| 250 | |a 8. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York [u.a.] |b MacGraw-Hill Medical |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 1010 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 0 | |a A Lange medical book | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Endocrinología | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Enfermedades de las glándulas endocrinas | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Glándulas endocrinas - Fisiología | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Hormonas - Fisiología | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Gardner, David G. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Greenspan, Francis S. |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804137299819102208 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Authors
...........................................................................
x
Preface
...........................................................................xiv
1.
Introduction to Endocrinology
...................................................1
Paul Webb, PhD, &John D. Baxter, MD
The Endocrine System
2
Evolution of Multiple Hormone Response Systems
19
Hormones: Endocrine, Paracrine,
Autocrine,
Juxtacrine, Evolution of Endocrine Glands
19
&
Intracrine Actions
3
Integrative
Networks
20
Endocrine Organs
3
Endocrine
&
Nervous System Relationships:
Target Organs
3
Neuroendocrinology
20
Hormone Receptors
3
Actions of Hormones
21
Chemical Composition of Hormones
3
Fetal Development
21
Relationships between Hormones
&
Other Signaling Cell Growth
&
Cancer
21
Molecules
4
Intermediary Metabolism
21
Neurotransmitters
&
Hormones
4
Mineral
&
Water Metabolism
21
Vitamins
&
Hormones
5
Cardiovascular
&
Renal Function
22
Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins
&
Related Compounds
5
Skeletal Function
22
Metabolites
б
Reproductive Function
22
Oncogenes
&
Hormones
6
Immune System
22
The Immune System
&
Hormones
6
Central Nervous System
23
Modulation of Hormone Levels
б
Recent Advances in Technology
&
Endocrinology
23
Regulation of Hormone Production
б
Sequencing the Human Genome
23
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Hormone Release
7
Genomics
&
Patterns of Transcription
23
Hormone Transport in the Circulation
9
Proteomics
23
Transport of Hormones across the Membrane
10
Manipulating the Genome
24
Metabolism
&
Elimination of Hormones
10
RNA
Interference (RNAi)
24
Mechanisms of Hormone Action
12
Stem Cells
24
Hormone Receptors
12
Molecular Basis of Genetic Endocrine Disease
25
Hormone Binding
14
Disorders of the Endocrine System
25
Hormone Effects on Receptor Activity
14
Endocrine Hypofunction
26
Classes of Hormone Action
14
Endocrine Hyperfunction
27
Classification of Hormone Action by Receptor Type
14
Defects in Sensitivity to Hormones
27
Classification of Hormone Action by Ligand Type
15
Syndromes of Hormone Excess Due to Exogenous
Regulation of Hormone Responsiveness
16
Hormone
29
Regulation of Receptor Levels
&
Activities
1
б
Nonendocrine Problems Associated with Endocrine
Hormone Responsiveness Is Regulated by
Postreceptor
Disease
29
Influences
17
Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disease
29
Combinatorial Interactions Influence Hormone History
&
Physical Examination
29
Signaling in
DifřerenťWays
17
Laboratory Studies
29
Selective Modulation
17
Screening for Endocrine Diseases
32
Evolution of the Endocrine System
18
Treatment of Endocrine Diseases
32
The Origins of Regulatory Chemicals
&
the Metabolic Uses of Hormones
&
Selective Modulators in Therapy of
Code
18
Nonendocrine Disease
33
Evolution of Hormones
&
Receptors
19
2.
Mechanisms of Hormone Action
.............
David
G
Gardner, MD,
&
Robert A. Nissenson, PhD
Receptors
36
Neurotransmitter & Peptide
Hormone Receptors
37
G
Protein-Coupled Receptors
37
G
Protein Transducers
39
Effectors
39
.35
Disorders of
G
Proteins and
G
Protein-Coupled
Receptors
41
Growth Factor Receptors
44
Cytokine Receptors
47
Guanylyl Cyclase-Linked Receptors
47
iii
iv / CONTENTS
Nuclear Action, of
Peptide
Hormones
49
Nuclear Receptors
49
Steroid Receptor Family
49
Thyroid Receptor Family
52
Nongenomic Effects of the Steroid Hormones
56
Steroid
&
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Resistance
Syndromes
57
3.
Endocrine Autoimmunity
.........
Juan Carhs Jaume, MD
Basic Immune Components
&
Mechanisms
60
Immune Recognition
&
Response
61
Tolerance
64
Autoimmunity Is Multifactorial
69
Genetic Factors in Autoimmunity
69
Environmental Factors in Autoimmunity
70
Single Gland Autoimmune Syndromes
70
Autoimmune Aspects of Thyroid Disease
71
59
Autoimmune Aspects of Type
1
Diabetes
73
Autoimmune Aspects of Other Endocrinopathies
75
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
76
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome I (APS-I)
77
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome II (APS-II)
78
Management of Autoimmune Polyglandular
Syndromes
78
POEMS Syndrome (Osteosderotic Myeloma)
79
4.
Evidence-Based Endocrinology
&
Clinical Epidemiology
..............................80
David
С
Aron,
MD,
MS
Clinical Epidemiology
80
Step One: Translation of the Clinical Problem into
Diagnostic Testing: Test Characteristics
80
Answerable Questions
93
An Approach to Diagnosis in Practice
86
Step Two: Finding the Best Evidence
96
Clinical
Epidemiologie
Principles Applied to Treatment Step Three: Appraising the Evidence for Its Validity
&
Decisions
88
Usefulness
96
Decision Analysis
89
Steps Four and Five: Applying the Results in Practice
&
Other Aspects of Clinical Epidemiology
93
Evaluating Performance
97
Evidence-Based Endocrinology
93
5.
Hypothalamus
&
Pituitary Gland
...............................................101
David
С
Aron,
MD,
MS, James
W
Findling, MD, &J. Bkke Tyrrell, MD
Hypothalamic
Hormones
106
Anterior Pituitary
Hormones
113
Adrenocortícotropic Hormone
&
Related Peptides
113
Growth
Hormone
114
Prolactin
118
Thyrotropm
120
Gonadotropins: Luteínizing Hormone
&
Follide-
Stimulating Hormone
121
Endocrinologie
Evaluation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary
Axis
123
Evaluation of
Adrenocortícotropic
Hormone
(ACTH)
123
Evaluation of Growth Hormone (GH)
127
Evaluation of
Prokain (PRL)
127
Evaluation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
127
Evaluation of LH&FSH
127
Problems in Evaluation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary
Axis
128
Effects of
Pharmacologie
Agents on Hypothalamic-
Pituitary Function
128
Endocrine Tests of Hypothalamic-Pituitary
Function
129
Neuroradiologic Evaluation
129
Pituitary
&
Hypothalamic Disorders
131
Empty
Sella
Syndrome
132
Hypothalamic Dysfunction
133
Hypopkuitarism
134
Pituitary Adenomas
140
6.
Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)
.
Alan G. Robinson, MD
Review of Normal Anatomy
&
Physiology
157
Vasopressin Insufficiency: Diabetes Insipidus
160
Excess Vasopressin: Syndrome of Inappropriate
Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
165
157
Oxytocin
169
Parturition
169
Lactation
169
7.
Growth
...........
Dennis
Slyne,
MD
Normal Growth
171
Intrauterine
Growth
171
The Placenta
172
171
Classic Hormones of Growth
&
Fetal Growth
172
Growth Factors
&
Oncogenes in Fetal Growth
172
CONTENTS /
v
Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Receptors,
&
Binding Skeletal (Bone) Age
186
Proteins
172
Disorders of Growth
186
Insulin
172
Short Stature Due to Nonendocrine Causes
186
Epidermal Growth Factor
173
Short Stature Due to Endocrine Disorders
193
Fetal Origins of Adult Disease
174
Diagnosis of Short Stature
204
Postnatal Growth
174
Tall Stature Due to Nonendocrine Causes
205
Measurement of Growth
183
Tall Stature Due to Endocrine Disorders
206
8.
The Thyroid Gland
..........................................................209
DavidS. Cooper, MD, Francis S. Greenspan, MD, FACE
&
PaulW. Ladenson, MA (Oxon.J, MD
Embryology, Anatomy,
&
Histology
210
Thyroid Imaging
237
Physiology
210
Thyroid Ultrasonography
&
Other Imaging
Structure
&
Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones
210
Techniques
238
Iodine Metabolism
212
Thyroid Biopsy
238
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
&
Secretion
212
Test of Peripheral Thyroid Hormone Actions
239
Abnormalities in Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
&
Measurement of Thyroid Autoantibodies
239
Release
216
Disorders of the Thyroid
239
Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones
219
Hypothyroidism
240
Control of Thyroid Function
&
Hormone Action
221
Hyperthyroidism
&
Thyrotoxicosis
248
Physiologic Changes in Thyroid Function
229
Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndromes
260
Thyroid Autoimmunity
231
Non
toxic Goiter
260
Tests of Thyroid Function
232
Thyroiditis
263
Tests of Thyroid Hormones in Blood
232
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Thyroid Gland
266
Assessment of Thyroid Iodine Metabolism
&
Thyroid Nodules
&
Thyroid Cancer
267
Biosynthetic Activity
236
9.
Metabolic Bone Disease
.......................................................281
Dolores Shoback, MD, Deborah Sellmeyer, MD,
&
Daniel D. Bikle, MD, PhD
Cellular
&
Extracellular Calcium Metabolism
281
Structure of Bone
317
Parathyroid Hormone
282
Bone Remodeling
319
Calcitonin
288
Osteoporosis
320
Vitamin
D
288
Treatment of Osteoporosis
325
How Vitamin
D
&
PTH Control Mineral Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
330
Homeostasis
297
Osteomalacia
&
Rickets
331
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid (MCT)
297
Nephrotic Syndrome
334
Hypercalcemia
299
Hepatic Osteodystrophy
335
Disorders Causing Hypercalcemia
300
Drug-Induced
Osteomalacia
335
Treatment of Hypercalcemia
310
Hypophosphatemic Disorders
335
Hypocalcemia
310
Calcium Deficiency
337
Causes of Hypocalcemia
312
Primary Disorders of the Bone Matrix
337
Treatment of Hypocalcemia
316
Inhibitors of Mineralization
338
Bone Anatomy
&
Remodeling
317
Paget s Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)
338
Functions of Bone
317
Renal Osteodystrophy
342
10.
Glucocorticoids
&
Adrenal Androgens
...........................................346
David
С
Aron,
MD, MS, James
W
Findling,
MD,
drJ.
Bkke
Tyrrell,
MD
Embryology
&
Anatomy
346
Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency
372
Biosynthesis of
Cortisol &
Adrenal Androgens
348
Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
373
Circulation of
Cortisol &
Adrenal Androgens
354
Treatment of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
375
Metabolism of
Cortisol &
Adrenal Androgens
354
Prognosis of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
378
Biologic Effects of Adrenal Steroids
356
Cushing s Syndrome
378
Glucocorticoids
356
Hirsutism
&
Virilism
390
Adrenal Androgens
363
Incidental Adrenal Mass
390
Laboratory Evaluation
363
Glucocorticoid Therapy for Nonendocrine
Disorders of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
367
Disorders
391
Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison s
Disease)
367
ví
/
CONTENTS
11.
Endocrine Hypertension
...............
Burl
R.
Don,
MD,
ájoan C.
Lo,
MD
Hypertension of Adrenal Origin
396
Synthesis, Metabolism,
&
Action of Mineralocorticoid
Hormones
396
Pathogenesis of Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
398
Aldosterone
&
the Heart
398
Primary Aldosteronism
399
Syndromes Due to Excess Deoxycorticosterone
Production
404
Cushing s Syndrome
406
Pseudohyperaldosteronism
406
Type II Pseudohypoaldosteronism (Arnold-Healy-
Gordon Syndrome)
409
396
Hypertension of Renal Origin
410
The Renin-Angiotensin System
410
The Renin-Angiotensin System
&
Hypertension
413
Other Hormone Systems
&
Hypertension
417
Insulin
417
Natriuretic Peptides
418
Nitric Oxide
418
Endothelin
419
Kallikrein-Kinin System
419
Other Hormones
&
Autacoids
419
Sympathetic Nervous System
419
12.
Adrenal Medulla
&
Paraganglia
...........
Paul A. Fitzgerald, MD
History
422
Anatomy
423
Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
424
Catecholamines
424
Other Hormones Secreted by the Adrenal Medulla
435
Disorders of Adrenal Medullary Function
435
Adrenal Medullary Hypofunction (Epinephtme
Deficiency)
435
Adrenal Medullary Hyperfunction
437
Pheochromocytoma
437
421
13. Testes...........................
Glenn D.
Braunstein, MD
Anatomy
&
Structure-Function Relationships
470
Testes 470
Accessory Structures
472
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
472
Gonadal Steroids
472
Control of Testicular Function
475
Evaluation of Male Gonadal Function
476
Clinical Evaluation
476
Laboratory Tests of Testicular Function
477
Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Treat Male Gonadal
Disorders
479
Androgens
479
Gomdotropins
481
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
481
470
Clinical Male Gonadal Disorders
481
Klinefelter s Syndrome (XXY Seminiferous Tubule
Dysgenesis)
482
Bilateral Anorchia (Vanishing
Testes
Syndrome)
484
Leydig Cell
Aplasia
485
Cryptorchidism
485
Noonan s Syndrome (Male Turner s Syndrome)
487
Myotonie
Dystrophy
488
Adult Seminiferous Tubule Failure
488
Adult Leydig Cell Failure (Andropause)
490
Male Infertility
490
Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)
493
Gynecomastia
495
Testicular Tumors
497
14.
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
&
Infertility
..................................502
Mitchell P. Rosen, MD,
&
Marcelle
I. Cedars, MD
Menopause
537
Oocyte Depletion
538
508
Embryology
&
Anatomy
502
Ovarian Steroidogenesis
505
Physiology of Folliculogenesis
&
the Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Disturbances
517
Amenorrhea
517
Hypothalarnic Amenorrhea
520
Pituitary Amenorrhea
522
Ovarian Amenorrhea
524
Anovulation
527
Obesity
534
Outflow Tract Disorders
536
p
Endocrine System Changes with Aging
539
Menopausal Consequences
540
Infertility
543
Diagnosis of Infertility
543
Management of the Infertile Couple
545
Contraception
546
Oral Contraceptives
546
Contraception: Long-Acting Contraceptives
552
Emergency Contraception
559
15.
Disorders of Sexual Determination
&
Differentiation
...............................562
Felix
A. Conte, MD,
&
Melvin M. Grumbach, MD
Normal Sex Differentiation
562
Atypical Sex Differentiation
574
Testicular
&
Ovarian Differentiation
568
Klinefelter s Syndrome and Its Variants: Seminiferous-
Psychosaual Differentiation
574
Tubule Dysgenesis
574
CONTENTS /
vii
Syndrome of Gonadal Dysgenesis: Turner s Syndrome
&
Its Variants
577
Individuals with Both Ovarian and Testicular Tissue (True
Hermaphroditism)
583
Female Pseudohermaphroditism
584
P450 Aromatase Deficiency
590
Maternal Androgens
&
Progestogens
591
Male Pseudohermaphroditism
591
Unclassified Forms of Abnormal Sexual Development in
Males
602
Unclassified Forms of Abnormal Sexual Development in
Females
603
Management of Patients with Intersex Problems
603
ló.Puberty
....................
Dennis Styne, MD
Physiology of Puberty
611
Delayed Puberty or Absent Puberty (Sexual
Infantilism)
620
.611
Precocious Puberty (Sexual Precocity)
631
17.
The Endocrinology of Pregnancy
...............................................641
Robert
N.
Taylor, MD, PhD, &Dan I. Lebovic, MD, MA
Conception
&
Implantation
641
Endocrinology of the Puerperium
653
Fetal-Placental-Decidual Unit
642
Endocrine Disorders
&
Pregnancy Pituitary Disorders
655
Polypeptide Hormones
645
Pregnancy
&
Breast Cancer
656
Steroid Hormones
646
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
657
Maternal Adaptation to Pregnancy
647
Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
658
Fetal Endocrinology
651
Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
659
Endocrine Control of Parturition
652
18.
Pancreatic Hormones
&
Diabetes Mellitus
........................................661
Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCPfUK),
&
Michael S. German, MD
The Endocrine Pancreas
662
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
687
Anatomy
&
Histology
662
Insulin Levels
687
Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas
662
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
687
Diabetes Mellitus
672
Diet
692
Classification
672
Agents for the Treatment of Hyperglycemia
693
Type
1
Diabetes Mellitus
673
Insulin
701
Type
2
Diabetes
675
Steps in the Management of the Diabetic Patient
707
Other Specific Types of Diabetes
677
Hypoglycemia
713
Clinical Features of Diabetes Mellitus
680
Coma
715
Type
1
Diabetes
681
Specific Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Type
2
Diabetes
681 727
Urinalysis
682
Diabetic Patients Regulated by Diet Alone
734
Blood Glucose Testing
683
Diabetic Patients Taking Oral
Hypoglycémie
Serum
Ketone
Determinations
685
Agents
734
Glycated Hemoglobin Assays
685
Diabetic Patients Taking Insulin
734
Lipoproteins in Diabetes
686
19.
Hypoglycémie
Disorders
......................................................748
Umesh Masharani, MB, BS,
MRCPÇUK),
&
Stephen E. Gitelman, MD
Pathophysiology of the Counterregulatory Response to Symptomatic Fasting Hypoglycemia without
Neuroglycopenia
748
Hyperinsulinism
762
Classification of
Hypoglycémie
Disorders
753
Nonfasting Hypoglycemia (Reactive
Clinical Presentation of Hypoglycemia
754
Hypogiycemia)
763
Specific
Hypoglycémie
Disorders
755
Congenital Hyperinsulinism
764
Symptomatic Fasting Hypoglycemia with
Hyperinsulinism
755
20.
Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
............................................770
Maryj.
Malby,
MD, &John P. Kane, MD, PhD
Atherosclerosis
770
Clinical Descriptions of Primary
&
Secondary Disorders of
Overview of
Lipid
Transport
771
Lipoprotein Metabolism
777
Differentiation of Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
775
Primary Hypertrigiyceridemia
777
Secondary Hypertrigiyceridemia
781
viii
/ CONTENTS
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
783
Familial
Combined
Hyperlipidemia
784
Lp(a) Hyperlipoproteinemia
784
Familial Ligand-Defective
Apo
Б
784
Cholesterol
7-<X-Hydroxylase
Deficiency
784
Hypothyroidism
784
Nephrosis
784
Immunoglobulin Disorders
785
Anorexia
Nervosa
785
Cholestasis
785
Primary Hypolipidemia Due to Deficiency of High-
Density Lipoprotems
785
Primary Hypolipidemia Due to Deficiency of
Apo B-
Containing Lipoproteins
787
The Lipodystrophies
788
Rare Disorders
788
Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
789
Bile Acid
Séquestrants
791
Niacin(NicotinicAcid)
792
Fibric Acid Derivatives
792
HMG-CoA
Reducíase
Inhibitors
793
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
793
Combined Drug Therapy
794
21.
Obesity
&
Overweight
.......................................................796
Marc
К
Hellerstein, MD,
PhD,
á
Elizabeth
J.
Parks, PhD
Type
2
Diabetes Mellitus
813
Hyperlipidemia
813
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
813
Hypertension
813
Gallstones
815
Sleep
Apnea
815
Osteoarthritis
&
Other Weight-Sensitive States
815
A Systematic Approach to the Treatment of Obesity
815
Clarification of Uncertainties Regarding the Pathogenesis
of Obesity
807
Survey of Treatment Approaches
&
Their Efficacy
808
Diet 8c Exercise
808
Exercise
810
Surgical Treatment of Obesity
810
Pharmacologie
Therapies
810
Other Conditions Affected by Treatment of Obesity or
Overweight
813
22.
Humoral Manifestations of Malignancy
..........................................817
Dolores Shoback, MD,
&
Janet L. Funk, MD
Ectopie
Hormone
&
Receptor Syndromes
817
Non-Islet Cell Tumors
&
Hypoglycemia
825
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
818
Other Hormones Secreted by Tumors
826
Ectopie Cushing s
Syndrome
821
Oncogenic
Osteomalacia
827
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Gut Hormones
828
Secretion
824
23.
Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
........,
David G. Gardner, MD
Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
Type
1
(MEN
1) 831
Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
Type
2
(MEN
2) 836
831
Other Disorders Characterized by Multiple Endocrine
Organ Involvement
841
24.
Geriatric Endocrinology
..................
Susan L. Greenspan, MD, &NeilM. Resnick, MD
Thyroid Function
&
Disease
844
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
845
Carbohydrate Intolerance
&
Diabetes Mellitus
849
Aging
&
the Physiology of Carbohydrate
Intolerance
849
Diabetes Mellitus
849
Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma
852
Osteoporosis
&
Calcium Homeostasis
853
Osteoporosis
853
Hyperparathyroidism
860
844
Changes in Water Balance
861
Hypematremia
861
Hyponatremia
861
Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism
862
Glucocorticoids
&
Stress
862
Disorders of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal
Axis
862
Changes in Reproductive Function in Men
863
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
865
25.
Endocrine Emergencies
.......
David G. Gardner, MD
MyxedemaComa
868
Thyroid Storm
870
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis
871
Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis
872
868
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
873
Pituitary Apoplexy
874
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
875
Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma
879
CONTENTS / ix
Hyponatremia
886
Diabetes Insipidus 889
.894
Pituitary Disorders
901
Lipid
Disorders
904
Conclusion
908
.911
The Adrenal (Suprarenal) Gland
923
Embryology
&
Anatomy
923
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
924
Hypercortisolism
924
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
925
Sex Steroid Excess
925
Pheochromocytoma
925
Adrenal Incidemaloma
926
Technique of Adrenalectomy
927
The Endocrine Pancreas
927
Embryology
&
Anatomy
927
Insulinoma
927
Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)
929
VIPoma (Verner-Morrison) Syndrome
930
Głucagonoma
930
Somatostatinoma
930
Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Tumors
930
933
958
Hypercalcemic Crisis
882
Acute Hypocalcemia
884
26.
AIDS Endocrinopathies
..............
Grace Lee, MD,
&
Carl Grunfeld, MD, PhD
Thyroid Disorders
894
Adrenal Disorders
896
Bone
&
Mineral Disorders
898
Gonadal Disorders
900
27.
Endocrine Surgery
..................
Geeta Lai, MD,
&
Orlo
H.
Clark, MD
The Thyroid Gland
911
Embryology
&
Anatomy
911
Developmental Thyroid Abnormalities
911
Hyperthyroidism
912
Thyroiditis
913
Goiter
(Non
toxic)
913
Thyroid Nodules
913
Thyroid Cancer
914
Conduct of Thyroidectomy
916
The Parathyroid Gland
917
Embryology
&
Anatomy
917
Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)
919
Persistent
&
Recurrent Primary
Hyperparathyroidism
922
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
922
Special Consideration: Familial
Hyperparathyroidism
923
Complications of Parathyroid Surgery
923
Appendix: Normal Hormone Reference Ranges
Index
.................................
THE
#1
ALL-INCLUSIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
REFERENCE TEXT—COMPLETELY REVISED
AND UPDATED
Edition after best-selling edition, Greenspan s Basic
&
Ciinical
Endocrinology succeeds in delivering the scientific principles of
endocrinology and in matching those to the clinical
management of patients with endocrine-related diseases
and disorders.
Step by step, Greenspan s provides clinically relevant
perspectives on metabolic bone disease, pancreatic
hormones and diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, obesity,
geriatric endocrinology, and many other diseases and
disorders. Supporting this essential coverage is a handy
appendix of normal hormone reference ranges.
New to the
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►
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►
Current concepts in en¬
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►
Updated with the most
practical, current insights
into diagnostic testing
►
Important new approaches
to the medical management
of endocrine disorders, in-
recommenda-tíoris
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Authors
.
x
Preface
.xiv
1.
Introduction to Endocrinology
.1
Paul Webb, PhD, &John D. Baxter, MD
The Endocrine System
2
Evolution of Multiple Hormone Response Systems
19
Hormones: Endocrine, Paracrine,
Autocrine,
Juxtacrine, Evolution of Endocrine Glands
19
&
Intracrine Actions
3
Integrative
Networks
20
Endocrine Organs
3
Endocrine
&
Nervous System Relationships:
Target Organs
3
Neuroendocrinology
20
Hormone Receptors
3
Actions of Hormones
21
Chemical Composition of Hormones
3
Fetal Development
21
Relationships between Hormones
&
Other Signaling Cell Growth
&
Cancer
21
Molecules
4
Intermediary Metabolism
21
Neurotransmitters
&
Hormones
4
Mineral
&
Water Metabolism
21
Vitamins
&
Hormones
5
Cardiovascular
&
Renal Function
22
Eicosanoids: Prostaglandins
&
Related Compounds
5
Skeletal Function
22
Metabolites
б
Reproductive Function
22
Oncogenes
&
Hormones
6
Immune System
22
The Immune System
&
Hormones
6
Central Nervous System
23
Modulation of Hormone Levels
б
Recent Advances in Technology
&
Endocrinology
23
Regulation of Hormone Production
б
Sequencing the Human Genome
23
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Hormone Release
7
Genomics
&
Patterns of Transcription
23
Hormone Transport in the Circulation
9
Proteomics
23
Transport of Hormones across the Membrane
10
Manipulating the Genome
24
Metabolism
&
Elimination of Hormones
10
RNA
Interference (RNAi)
24
Mechanisms of Hormone Action
12
Stem Cells
24
Hormone Receptors
12
Molecular Basis of Genetic Endocrine Disease
25
Hormone Binding
14
Disorders of the Endocrine System
25
Hormone Effects on Receptor Activity
14
Endocrine Hypofunction
26
Classes of Hormone Action
14
Endocrine Hyperfunction
27
Classification of Hormone Action by Receptor Type
14
Defects in Sensitivity to Hormones
27
Classification of Hormone Action by Ligand Type
15
Syndromes of Hormone Excess Due to Exogenous
Regulation of Hormone Responsiveness
16
Hormone
29
Regulation of Receptor Levels
&
Activities
1
б
Nonendocrine Problems Associated with Endocrine
Hormone Responsiveness Is Regulated by
Postreceptor
Disease
29
Influences
17
Approach to the Patient with Endocrine Disease
29
Combinatorial Interactions Influence Hormone History
&
Physical Examination
29
Signaling in
DifřerenťWays
17
Laboratory Studies
29
Selective Modulation
17
Screening for Endocrine Diseases
32
Evolution of the Endocrine System
18
Treatment of Endocrine Diseases
32
The Origins of Regulatory Chemicals
&
the Metabolic Uses of Hormones
&
Selective Modulators in Therapy of
Code
18
Nonendocrine Disease
33
Evolution of Hormones
&
Receptors
19
2.
Mechanisms of Hormone Action
.
David
G
Gardner, MD,
&
Robert A. Nissenson, PhD
Receptors
36
Neurotransmitter & Peptide
Hormone Receptors
37
G
Protein-Coupled Receptors
37
G
Protein Transducers
39
Effectors
39
.35
Disorders of
G
Proteins and
G
Protein-Coupled
Receptors
41
Growth Factor Receptors
44
Cytokine Receptors
47
Guanylyl Cyclase-Linked Receptors
47
iii
iv / CONTENTS
Nuclear Action, of
Peptide
Hormones
49
Nuclear Receptors
49
Steroid Receptor Family
49
Thyroid Receptor Family
52
Nongenomic Effects of the Steroid Hormones
56
Steroid
&
Thyroid Hormone Receptor Resistance
Syndromes
57
3.
Endocrine Autoimmunity
.
Juan Carhs Jaume, MD
Basic Immune Components
&
Mechanisms
60
Immune Recognition
&
Response
61
Tolerance
64
Autoimmunity Is Multifactorial
69
Genetic Factors in Autoimmunity
69
Environmental Factors in Autoimmunity
70
Single Gland Autoimmune Syndromes
70
Autoimmune Aspects of Thyroid Disease
71
59
Autoimmune Aspects of Type
1
Diabetes
73
Autoimmune Aspects of Other Endocrinopathies
75
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndromes
76
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome I (APS-I)
77
Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome II (APS-II)
78
Management of Autoimmune Polyglandular
Syndromes
78
POEMS Syndrome (Osteosderotic Myeloma)
79
4.
Evidence-Based Endocrinology
&
Clinical Epidemiology
.80
David
С
Aron,
MD,
MS
Clinical Epidemiology
80
Step One: Translation of the Clinical Problem into
Diagnostic Testing: Test Characteristics
80
Answerable Questions
93
An Approach to Diagnosis in Practice
86
Step Two: Finding the Best Evidence
96
Clinical
Epidemiologie
Principles Applied to Treatment Step Three: Appraising the Evidence for Its Validity
&
Decisions
88
Usefulness
96
Decision Analysis
89
Steps Four and Five: Applying the Results in Practice
&
Other Aspects of Clinical Epidemiology
93
Evaluating Performance
97
Evidence-Based Endocrinology
93
5.
Hypothalamus
&
Pituitary Gland
.101
David
С
Aron,
MD,
MS, James
W
Findling, MD, &J. Bkke Tyrrell, MD
Hypothalamic
Hormones
106
Anterior Pituitary
Hormones
113
Adrenocortícotropic Hormone
&
Related Peptides
113
Growth
Hormone
114
Prolactin
118
Thyrotropm
120
Gonadotropins: Luteínizing Hormone
&
Follide-
Stimulating Hormone
121
Endocrinologie
Evaluation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary
Axis
123
Evaluation of
Adrenocortícotropic
Hormone
(ACTH)
123
Evaluation of Growth Hormone (GH)
127
Evaluation of
Prokain (PRL)
127
Evaluation of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
127
Evaluation of LH&FSH
127
Problems in Evaluation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary
Axis
128
Effects of
Pharmacologie
Agents on Hypothalamic-
Pituitary Function
128
Endocrine Tests of Hypothalamic-Pituitary
Function
129
Neuroradiologic Evaluation
129
Pituitary
&
Hypothalamic Disorders
131
Empty
Sella
Syndrome
132
Hypothalamic Dysfunction
133
Hypopkuitarism
134
Pituitary Adenomas
140
6.
Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)
.
Alan G. Robinson, MD
Review of Normal Anatomy
&
Physiology
157
Vasopressin Insufficiency: Diabetes Insipidus
160
Excess Vasopressin: Syndrome of Inappropriate
Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)
165
157
Oxytocin
169
Parturition
169
Lactation
169
7.
Growth
.
Dennis
Slyne,
MD
Normal Growth
171
Intrauterine
Growth
171
The Placenta
172
171
Classic Hormones of Growth
&
Fetal Growth
172
Growth Factors
&
Oncogenes in Fetal Growth
172
CONTENTS /
v
Insulin-Like Growth Factors, Receptors,
&
Binding Skeletal (Bone) Age
186
Proteins
172
Disorders of Growth
186
Insulin
172
Short Stature Due to Nonendocrine Causes
186
Epidermal Growth Factor
173
Short Stature Due to Endocrine Disorders
193
Fetal Origins of Adult Disease
174
Diagnosis of Short Stature
204
Postnatal Growth
174
Tall Stature Due to Nonendocrine Causes
205
Measurement of Growth
183
Tall Stature Due to Endocrine Disorders
206
8.
The Thyroid Gland
.209
DavidS. Cooper, MD, Francis S. Greenspan, MD, FACE
&
PaulW. Ladenson, MA (Oxon.J, MD
Embryology, Anatomy,
&
Histology
210
Thyroid Imaging
237
Physiology
210
Thyroid Ultrasonography
&
Other Imaging
Structure
&
Synthesis of Thyroid Hormones
210
Techniques
238
Iodine Metabolism
212
Thyroid Biopsy
238
Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
&
Secretion
212
Test of Peripheral Thyroid Hormone Actions
239
Abnormalities in Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
&
Measurement of Thyroid Autoantibodies
239
Release
216
Disorders of the Thyroid
239
Metabolism of Thyroid Hormones
219
Hypothyroidism
240
Control of Thyroid Function
&
Hormone Action
221
Hyperthyroidism
&
Thyrotoxicosis
248
Physiologic Changes in Thyroid Function
229
Thyroid Hormone Resistance Syndromes
260
Thyroid Autoimmunity
231
Non
toxic Goiter
260
Tests of Thyroid Function
232
Thyroiditis
263
Tests of Thyroid Hormones in Blood
232
Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Thyroid Gland
266
Assessment of Thyroid Iodine Metabolism
&
Thyroid Nodules
&
Thyroid Cancer
267
Biosynthetic Activity
236
9.
Metabolic Bone Disease
.281
Dolores Shoback, MD, Deborah Sellmeyer, MD,
&
Daniel D. Bikle, MD, PhD
Cellular
&
Extracellular Calcium Metabolism
281
Structure of Bone
317
Parathyroid Hormone
282
Bone Remodeling
319
Calcitonin
288
Osteoporosis
320
Vitamin
D
288
Treatment of Osteoporosis
325
How Vitamin
D
&
PTH Control Mineral Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
330
Homeostasis
297
Osteomalacia
&
Rickets
331
Medullary Carcinoma of the Thyroid (MCT)
297
Nephrotic Syndrome
334
Hypercalcemia
299
Hepatic Osteodystrophy
335
Disorders Causing Hypercalcemia
300
Drug-Induced
Osteomalacia
335
Treatment of Hypercalcemia
310
Hypophosphatemic Disorders
335
Hypocalcemia
310
Calcium Deficiency
337
Causes of Hypocalcemia
312
Primary Disorders of the Bone Matrix
337
Treatment of Hypocalcemia
316
Inhibitors of Mineralization
338
Bone Anatomy
&
Remodeling
317
Paget's Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans)
338
Functions of Bone
317
Renal Osteodystrophy
342
10.
Glucocorticoids
&
Adrenal Androgens
.346
David
С
Aron,
MD, MS, James
W
Findling,
MD,
drJ.
Bkke
Tyrrell,
MD
Embryology
&
Anatomy
346
Secondary Adrenocortical Insufficiency
372
Biosynthesis of
Cortisol &
Adrenal Androgens
348
Diagnosis of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
373
Circulation of
Cortisol &
Adrenal Androgens
354
Treatment of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
375
Metabolism of
Cortisol &
Adrenal Androgens
354
Prognosis of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
378
Biologic Effects of Adrenal Steroids
356
Cushing's Syndrome
378
Glucocorticoids
356
Hirsutism
&
Virilism
390
Adrenal Androgens
363
Incidental Adrenal Mass
390
Laboratory Evaluation
363
Glucocorticoid Therapy for Nonendocrine
Disorders of Adrenocortical Insufficiency
367
Disorders
391
Primary Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison's
Disease)
367
ví
/
CONTENTS
11.
Endocrine Hypertension
.
Burl
R.
Don,
MD,
ájoan C.
Lo,
MD
Hypertension of Adrenal Origin
396
Synthesis, Metabolism,
&
Action of Mineralocorticoid
Hormones
396
Pathogenesis of Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
398
Aldosterone
&
the Heart
398
Primary Aldosteronism
399
Syndromes Due to Excess Deoxycorticosterone
Production
404
Cushing's Syndrome
406
Pseudohyperaldosteronism
406
Type II Pseudohypoaldosteronism (Arnold-Healy-
Gordon Syndrome)
409
396
Hypertension of Renal Origin
410
The Renin-Angiotensin System
410
The Renin-Angiotensin System
&
Hypertension
413
Other Hormone Systems
&
Hypertension
417
Insulin
417
Natriuretic Peptides
418
Nitric Oxide
418
Endothelin
419
Kallikrein-Kinin System
419
Other Hormones
&
Autacoids
419
Sympathetic Nervous System
419
12.
Adrenal Medulla
&
Paraganglia
.
Paul A. Fitzgerald, MD
History
422
Anatomy
423
Hormones of the Adrenal Medulla
424
Catecholamines
424
Other Hormones Secreted by the Adrenal Medulla
435
Disorders of Adrenal Medullary Function
435
Adrenal Medullary Hypofunction (Epinephtme
Deficiency)
435
Adrenal Medullary Hyperfunction
437
Pheochromocytoma
437
421
13. Testes.
Glenn D.
Braunstein, MD
Anatomy
&
Structure-Function Relationships
470
Testes 470
Accessory Structures
472
Physiology of the Male Reproductive System
472
Gonadal Steroids
472
Control of Testicular Function
475
Evaluation of Male Gonadal Function
476
Clinical Evaluation
476
Laboratory Tests of Testicular Function
477
Pharmacology of Drugs Used to Treat Male Gonadal
Disorders
479
Androgens
479
Gomdotropins
481
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
481
470
Clinical Male Gonadal Disorders
481
Klinefelter's Syndrome (XXY Seminiferous Tubule
Dysgenesis)
482
Bilateral Anorchia (Vanishing
Testes
Syndrome)
484
Leydig Cell
Aplasia
485
Cryptorchidism
485
Noonan's Syndrome (Male Turner's Syndrome)
487
Myotonie
Dystrophy
488
Adult Seminiferous Tubule Failure
488
Adult Leydig Cell Failure (Andropause)
490
Male Infertility
490
Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)
493
Gynecomastia
495
Testicular Tumors
497
14.
Female Reproductive Endocrinology
&
Infertility
.502
Mitchell P. Rosen, MD,
&
Marcelle
I. Cedars, MD
Menopause
537
Oocyte Depletion
538
508
Embryology
&
Anatomy
502
Ovarian Steroidogenesis
505
Physiology of Folliculogenesis
&
the Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Disturbances
517
Amenorrhea
517
Hypothalarnic Amenorrhea
520
Pituitary Amenorrhea
522
Ovarian Amenorrhea
524
Anovulation
527
Obesity
534
Outflow Tract Disorders
536
p
Endocrine System Changes with Aging
539
Menopausal Consequences
540
Infertility
543
Diagnosis of Infertility
543
Management of the Infertile Couple
545
Contraception
546
Oral Contraceptives
546
Contraception: Long-Acting Contraceptives
552
Emergency Contraception
559
15.
Disorders of Sexual Determination
&
Differentiation
.562
Felix
A. Conte, MD,
&
Melvin M. Grumbach, MD
Normal Sex Differentiation
562
Atypical Sex Differentiation
574
Testicular
&
Ovarian Differentiation
568
Klinefelter's Syndrome and Its Variants: Seminiferous-
Psychosaual Differentiation
574
Tubule Dysgenesis
574
CONTENTS /
vii
Syndrome of Gonadal Dysgenesis: Turner's Syndrome
&
Its Variants
577
Individuals with Both Ovarian and Testicular Tissue (True
Hermaphroditism)
583
Female Pseudohermaphroditism
584
P450 Aromatase Deficiency
590
Maternal Androgens
&
Progestogens
591
Male Pseudohermaphroditism
591
Unclassified Forms of Abnormal Sexual Development in
Males
602
Unclassified Forms of Abnormal Sexual Development in
Females
603
Management of Patients with Intersex Problems
603
ló.Puberty
.
Dennis Styne, MD
Physiology of Puberty
611
Delayed Puberty or Absent Puberty (Sexual
Infantilism)
620
.611
Precocious Puberty (Sexual Precocity)
631
17.
The Endocrinology of Pregnancy
.641
Robert
N.
Taylor, MD, PhD, &Dan I. Lebovic, MD, MA
Conception
&
Implantation
641
Endocrinology of the Puerperium
653
Fetal-Placental-Decidual Unit
642
Endocrine Disorders
&
Pregnancy Pituitary Disorders
655
Polypeptide Hormones
645
Pregnancy
&
Breast Cancer
656
Steroid Hormones
646
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy
657
Maternal Adaptation to Pregnancy
647
Hyperthyroidism in Pregnancy
658
Fetal Endocrinology
651
Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy
659
Endocrine Control of Parturition
652
18.
Pancreatic Hormones
&
Diabetes Mellitus
.661
Umesh Masharani, MB, BS, MRCPfUK),
&
Michael S. German, MD
The Endocrine Pancreas
662
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
687
Anatomy
&
Histology
662
Insulin Levels
687
Hormones of the Endocrine Pancreas
662
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test
687
Diabetes Mellitus
672
Diet
692
Classification
672
Agents for the Treatment of Hyperglycemia
693
Type
1
Diabetes Mellitus
673
Insulin
701
Type
2
Diabetes
675
Steps in the Management of the Diabetic Patient
707
Other Specific Types of Diabetes
677
Hypoglycemia
713
Clinical Features of Diabetes Mellitus
680
Coma
715
Type
1
Diabetes
681
Specific Chronic Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Type
2
Diabetes
681 727
Urinalysis
682
Diabetic Patients Regulated by Diet Alone
734
Blood Glucose Testing
683
Diabetic Patients Taking Oral
Hypoglycémie
Serum
Ketone
Determinations
685
Agents
734
Glycated Hemoglobin Assays
685
Diabetic Patients Taking Insulin
734
Lipoproteins in Diabetes
686
19.
Hypoglycémie
Disorders
.748
Umesh Masharani, MB, BS,
MRCPÇUK),
&
Stephen E. Gitelman, MD
Pathophysiology of the Counterregulatory Response to Symptomatic Fasting Hypoglycemia without
Neuroglycopenia
748
Hyperinsulinism
762
Classification of
Hypoglycémie
Disorders
753
Nonfasting Hypoglycemia (Reactive
Clinical Presentation of Hypoglycemia
754
Hypogiycemia)
763
Specific
Hypoglycémie
Disorders
755
Congenital Hyperinsulinism
764
Symptomatic Fasting Hypoglycemia with
Hyperinsulinism
755
20.
Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
.770
Maryj.
Malby,
MD, &John P. Kane, MD, PhD
Atherosclerosis
770
Clinical Descriptions of Primary
&
Secondary Disorders of
Overview of
Lipid
Transport
771
Lipoprotein Metabolism
777
Differentiation of Disorders of Lipoprotein Metabolism
775
Primary Hypertrigiyceridemia
777
Secondary Hypertrigiyceridemia
781
viii
/ CONTENTS
Familial Hypercholesterolemia
783
Familial
Combined
Hyperlipidemia
784
Lp(a) Hyperlipoproteinemia
784
Familial Ligand-Defective
Apo
Б
784
Cholesterol
7-<X-Hydroxylase
Deficiency
784
Hypothyroidism
784
Nephrosis
784
Immunoglobulin Disorders
785
Anorexia
Nervosa
785
Cholestasis
785
Primary Hypolipidemia Due to Deficiency of High-
Density Lipoprotems
785
Primary Hypolipidemia Due to Deficiency of
Apo B-
Containing Lipoproteins
787
The Lipodystrophies
788
Rare Disorders
788
Treatment of Hyperlipidemia
789
Bile Acid
Séquestrants
791
Niacin(NicotinicAcid)
792
Fibric Acid Derivatives
792
HMG-CoA
Reducíase
Inhibitors
793
Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
793
Combined Drug Therapy
794
21.
Obesity
&
Overweight
.796
Marc
К
Hellerstein, MD,
PhD,
á
Elizabeth
J.
Parks, PhD
Type
2
Diabetes Mellitus
813
Hyperlipidemia
813
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
813
Hypertension
813
Gallstones
815
Sleep
Apnea
815
Osteoarthritis
&
Other Weight-Sensitive States
815
A Systematic Approach to the Treatment of Obesity
815
Clarification of Uncertainties Regarding the Pathogenesis
of Obesity
807
Survey of Treatment Approaches
&
Their Efficacy
808
Diet 8c Exercise
808
Exercise
810
Surgical Treatment of Obesity
810
Pharmacologie
Therapies
810
Other Conditions Affected by Treatment of Obesity or
Overweight
813
22.
Humoral Manifestations of Malignancy
.817
Dolores Shoback, MD,
&
Janet L. Funk, MD
Ectopie
Hormone
&
Receptor Syndromes
817
Non-Islet Cell Tumors
&
Hypoglycemia
825
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy
818
Other Hormones Secreted by Tumors
826
Ectopie Cushing's
Syndrome
821
Oncogenic
Osteomalacia
827
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Gut Hormones
828
Secretion
824
23.
Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
.,
David G. Gardner, MD
Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
Type
1
(MEN
1) 831
Multiple Endocrine
Neoplasia
Type
2
(MEN
2) 836
831
Other Disorders Characterized by Multiple Endocrine
Organ Involvement
841
24.
Geriatric Endocrinology
.
Susan L. Greenspan, MD, &NeilM. Resnick, MD
Thyroid Function
&
Disease
844
Disorders of the Thyroid Gland
845
Carbohydrate Intolerance
&
Diabetes Mellitus
849
Aging
&
the Physiology of Carbohydrate
Intolerance
849
Diabetes Mellitus
849
Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma
852
Osteoporosis
&
Calcium Homeostasis
853
Osteoporosis
853
Hyperparathyroidism
860
844
Changes in Water Balance
861
Hypematremia
861
Hyponatremia
861
Hyporeninemic Hypoaldosteronism
862
Glucocorticoids
&
Stress
862
Disorders of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal
Axis
862
Changes in Reproductive Function in Men
863
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
865
25.
Endocrine Emergencies
.
David G. Gardner, MD
MyxedemaComa
868
Thyroid Storm
870
Thyrotoxic Periodic Paralysis
871
Amiodarone-Induced Thyrotoxicosis
872
868
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency
873
Pituitary Apoplexy
874
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
875
Nonketotic Hyperosmolar Coma
879
CONTENTS / ix
Hyponatremia
886
Diabetes Insipidus 889
.894
Pituitary Disorders
901
Lipid
Disorders
904
Conclusion
908
.911
The Adrenal (Suprarenal) Gland
923
Embryology
&
Anatomy
923
Primary Hyperaldosteronism
924
Hypercortisolism
924
Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
925
Sex Steroid Excess
925
Pheochromocytoma
925
Adrenal Incidemaloma
926
Technique of Adrenalectomy
927
The Endocrine Pancreas
927
Embryology
&
Anatomy
927
Insulinoma
927
Gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome)
929
VIPoma (Verner-Morrison) Syndrome
930
Głucagonoma
930
Somatostatinoma
930
Nonfunctioning Pancreatic Tumors
930
933
958
Hypercalcemic Crisis
882
Acute Hypocalcemia
884
26.
AIDS Endocrinopathies
.
Grace Lee, MD,
&
Carl Grunfeld, MD, PhD
Thyroid Disorders
894
Adrenal Disorders
896
Bone
&
Mineral Disorders
898
Gonadal Disorders
900
27.
Endocrine Surgery
.
Geeta Lai, MD,
&
Orlo
H.
Clark, MD
The Thyroid Gland
911
Embryology
&
Anatomy
911
Developmental Thyroid Abnormalities
911
Hyperthyroidism
912
Thyroiditis
913
Goiter
(Non
toxic)
913
Thyroid Nodules
913
Thyroid Cancer
914
Conduct of Thyroidectomy
916
The Parathyroid Gland
917
Embryology
&
Anatomy
917
Primary Hyperparathyroidism (PHPT)
919
Persistent
&
Recurrent Primary
Hyperparathyroidism
922
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
922
Special Consideration: Familial
Hyperparathyroidism
923
Complications of Parathyroid Surgery
923
Appendix: Normal Hormone Reference Ranges
Index
.
THE
#1
ALL-INCLUSIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY
REFERENCE TEXT—COMPLETELY REVISED
AND UPDATED
Edition after best-selling edition, Greenspan's Basic
&
Ciinical
Endocrinology succeeds in delivering the scientific principles of
endocrinology and in matching those to the clinical
management of patients with endocrine-related diseases
and disorders.
Step by step, Greenspan's provides clinically relevant
perspectives on metabolic bone disease, pancreatic
hormones and diabetes mellitus, hypoglycemia, obesity,
geriatric endocrinology, and many other diseases and
disorders. Supporting this essential coverage is a handy
appendix of normal hormone reference ranges.
New to the
Eighth Edition:
►
Recent advances in
motecufer endocrinology
►
Current concepts in en¬
docrine pathophysiology to
aid clinical decision-
making
►
Updated with the most
practical, current insights
into diagnostic testing
►
Important new approaches
to the medical management
of endocrine disorders, in-
recommenda-tíoris |
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| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
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| dewey-search | 616.4 |
| dewey-sort | 3616.4 |
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| discipline | Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Medizin |
| edition | 8. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023061773 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:29:11Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:10:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780071440110 0071440119 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology ed. by David G. Gardner .... Greenspan's Basic and clinical endocrinology Basic & clinical endocrinology Basic and clinical endocrinology 8. ed. New York [u.a.] MacGraw-Hill Medical 2007 XIV, 1010 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A Lange medical book Endocrinología Enfermedades de las glándulas endocrinas Glándulas endocrinas - Fisiología Hormonas - Fisiología Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd rswk-swf Endokrinologie (DE-588)4014663-7 gnd rswk-swf Endokrinium (DE-588)4152176-6 gnd rswk-swf Endokrinopathie (DE-588)4113435-7 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Endokrinologie (DE-588)4014663-7 s DE-604 Endokrinium (DE-588)4152176-6 s Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 s Endokrinopathie (DE-588)4113435-7 s 1\p DE-604 Gardner, David G. Sonstige oth Greenspan, Francis S. Sonstige oth Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016265013&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016265013&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology Endocrinología Enfermedades de las glándulas endocrinas Glándulas endocrinas - Fisiología Hormonas - Fisiología Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Endokrinologie (DE-588)4014663-7 gnd Endokrinium (DE-588)4152176-6 gnd Endokrinopathie (DE-588)4113435-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045981-0 (DE-588)4014663-7 (DE-588)4152176-6 (DE-588)4113435-7 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology |
| title_alt | Greenspan's Basic and clinical endocrinology Basic & clinical endocrinology Basic and clinical endocrinology |
| title_auth | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology |
| title_exact_search | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology |
| title_full | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology ed. by David G. Gardner .... |
| title_fullStr | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology ed. by David G. Gardner .... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology ed. by David G. Gardner .... |
| title_short | Greenspan's Basic & clinical endocrinology |
| title_sort | greenspan s basic clinical endocrinology |
| topic | Endocrinología Enfermedades de las glándulas endocrinas Glándulas endocrinas - Fisiología Hormonas - Fisiología Physiologie (DE-588)4045981-0 gnd Endokrinologie (DE-588)4014663-7 gnd Endokrinium (DE-588)4152176-6 gnd Endokrinopathie (DE-588)4113435-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Endocrinología Enfermedades de las glándulas endocrinas Glándulas endocrinas - Fisiología Hormonas - Fisiología Physiologie Endokrinologie Endokrinium Endokrinopathie Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016265013&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016265013&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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