The bullwhip effect in supply chains: a review of methods, components, and cases
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
Palgrave Macmillan
2006
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Contributor biographical information Publisher description Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XXI, 248 S. graph. Darst. 22 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781403998583 1403998582 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The bullwhip effect in supply chains |b a review of methods, components, and cases |c ed. by Octavio A. Carranza Torres ... |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b Palgrave Macmillan |c 2006 | |
| 300 | |a XXI, 248 S. |b graph. Darst. |c 22 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
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| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
Notes on the Contributors xiv
Foreword xviii
Acknowledgments xxi
1 The Bullwhip Effect: Reflections 1
Hau L. Lee, V. Padmanabhan and Seungjin Whang
Part I Causes of the Bullwhip Effect
2 Operational and Behavioral Causes of Supply Chain
Instability 17
John D. Sterman
3 The Bullwhip Effect: A Review of Field Studies 57
Hau L. Lee and Seungjin Whang
4 Supply Chain Dynamics: Structural Causes of the
Bullwhip Effect 71
Felipe Villegas Moran and Peter Barrar
Part II Controling the Bullwhip Effect
5 Controling Replenishment Rule Induced Bullwhip via
Good Systems Design 95
Stephen M. Disney and Denis R. Towill
6 Bullwhip Reduction Paradigms 107
Denis R. Towill, Mohamed M. Nairn and Peter McCullen
7 Taming the Bullwhip Effect: From Traffic to Supply
Chains 123
Yanfeng Ouyang, Alejandro Lago and Carlos F. Daganzo
8 Mitigating the Bullwhip Effect With ICTs 152
Jose A.D. Machuca and Rafael del Pozo Barajas
vii
viii Contents
Part III Measuring the Bullwhip Effect
9 SIMCAS: A Network Improved Version of the Beer
Game via the Internet 175
Jose A.D. Machuca and Rafael del Pozo Barajas
10 Cross Border Logistics and Sourcing: A Methodology
to Analyze Planning Policies 187
Octavio Carranza Torres and Felipe Villegas Mordn
11 Managing the Bullwhip Effect through
Benchmarking 215
Octavio Carranza Torres and Felipe Villegas Mordn
Index 243
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
2.1 Top: Industrial production in the USA, 1946 2005.
Bottom: Detrended industrial production showing
fluctuations in the US manufacturing sector 20
2.2 Oscillation, amplification, and phase lag in the
aggregate supply chain 21
2.3 Oscillation, amplification, and phase lag in supply
chains Top: Oil and gas drilling fluctuates far more than
production. The graph shows 12 month centered
moving averages of the annualized fractional growth
rate calculated from the monthly data 22
2.4 The generic stock management structure. The
determinants of the desired supply line are not shown 25
2.5 Examples of the stock management structure 27
2.6 The policy structure of inventory management in a
manufacturing firm 32
2.7 Main parameters for the production model 32
2.8 Response of manufacturing model to a 20% step
increase in orders 33
2.9 Response of two stage supply chain to a 20%
unanticipated demand increase 36
2.10 Response of the two stage supply chain to random
variations in customer orders 38
2.11 The Beer Distribution Game The game is a role play
simulation. Each player manages one of the links in the
distribution chain from Retailer to Factory. In the game,
chips of various denominations represent cases of beer
and move through the supply chain from Raw Materials
to Customers. Customer orders are written on a deck of
cards. Each week players place orders with the supplier
on their left and the factory sets the production
schedule. The orders, written on slips of paper, move
upstream (left to right). The initial configuration is shown 40
2.12 Typical results of the Beer Distribution Game Top:
Orders. Bottom: Net inventory (Inventory Backlog).
ix
x List of Figures and Tables
Graphs show, bottom to top, Retailer, Wholesaler,
Distributor, and Factory. Vertical axis tick marks
denote 10 units. Note the characteristic oscillation,
amplification, and phase lag as the change in customer
orders propagates from retailer to factory 41
2.13 Estimated vs actual behavior in the Beer Game Factory
orders for an actual player compared to estimated
orders. Parameters: Smoothing time for forecast of
customer orders, 1.82 weeks; desired total stock on
hand and on order, 9 cases; os = 0.80, (S = 0 43
2.14 Typical experimental results when customer demand is
constant and known. Demand is 4 cases/week, and this
is publicly announced to all players in advance. The
supply chain is initialized in the optimal equilibrium
with throughput of 4/cases/week and zero inventory.
The data show the players second game 45
4.1 PowerSim graph convention 75
4.2 The RUS model 76
4.3 The OUT model 77
4.4 The CSI model 79
4.5 The SRS model 81
4.6 The FDC model 82
4.7 The AFC model 84
4.8 Factory orders behavior under seasonal demand 86
4.9 Supply chain behavior under 20 per cent step demand 87
4.10 Supply chain behavior under random demand 87
4.11 AFC behavior under seasonal demand 88
4.12 CSI behavior under seasonal demand 89
5.1 Bullwhip in the real world: substantial demand
amplification observed in the UK retail sector 96
5.2 Causal loop diagram of the APIOBPCS replenishment rule 97
5.3 Relevance of the Deziel Eilon line to system design for
Bullwhip avoidance 98
5.4 Bullwhip contours corresponding to recommended
replenishment algorithms 100
5.5 Associated inventory variance at the Bullwhip boundaries 100
5.6 Response of user guideline setting replenishment rule
to the UK retail sector demand pattern demonstrating
Bullwhip avoidance 103
6.1 Traditional clothing supply chain 108
6.2 Bullwhip is a three dimensional phenomenon especially
in Global Supply Chains 109
List of Figures and Tables xi
6.3 Integrating the supply chain: the Stevens model 111
6.4 Idealized information flow within simulated supply chain 113
6.5 Results of BPR strategies evaluated via supply chain
simulation 114
6.6 Ishikawa diagram of problems identified in the
GLOSUCH supply chain 116
6.7 Bullwhip estimated across three echelons: US sales and
actual UK production of Product 1 119
6.8 Triangulation and exploitation of power of analogue
in determining laws for Bullwhip reduction in the real
world 121
7.1 Order placed by members of a supply chain:
(a) customer; (b) retailer; (c) wholesaler; (d) manufacturer 126
7.2 Similarities between supply chain and freeway traffic 128
7.3 The Bullwhip Effect and stop and go traffic: (a) the
Bullwhip Effect in a chain; (b) stop and go traffic on a
congested freeway 129
7.4 Possible combinations of steady demand and
inventory position 132
7.5 Behavior curve relationship between steady
demand and inventory position 133
7.6 Amplification of order fluctuations due to positive gain 134
7.7 A representation of system operations 137
7.8 ACT policy as the ADI variant of order up to policies 138
7.9 ADI commitments and RMSEs 140
7.10 Typical distribution of benefits and costs associated
with ADI policies 141
7.11 Optimal solution to the homogeneous chain case 142
7.12 A supply chain representation 144
7.13 A representation of system operations 145
9.1 Market structure without using the EDI with initial
conditions in the Beer Game 176
9.2 Typical outcome of the Beer Game 177
9.3 Communication among the players 180
9.4 Initial conditions box 181
9.5 Main window of the Server program 182
9.6 Client program window 184
10.1 Company B supply chain model 195
10.2 Customer service at Company B Product C 197
10.3 Inventory levels at Company B 198
10.4 Shipment and arrival orders, and in transit and RDC
inventory levels 198
xii List of Figures and Tables
10.5 Procurement orders and raw materials inventory 199
10.6 Bullwhip Effect for Company B 199
10.7 In transit and RDC inventories under Scenario 1 201
10.8 Raw materials inventories under Scenario 2 202
10.9 Finished goods inventories under Scenario 2 202
10.10 Bullwhip effect in Scenario 2 203
11.1 A general behavior pattern 220
11.2 Aggregated supply chain model for Case 3 223
11.3 The Bullwhip Effect at the automotive supplier company 225
11.4 Aggregated supply chain model for Case 1 226
11.5 Aggregated supply chain model for Case 2 228
11.6 Inventory positions in the supply chain 229
11.7 The Bullwhip Effect at the beverages company 230
11.8 Seasonal purchasing policy orders scenario 232
11.9 Impact of better forecasting and purchasing SS policies 233
11.10 The Bullwhip Effect (BW) due to transportation delays 238
11.11 Stockout and in transit added units 238
11.12 Transportation and stockout costs as a percentage of
total operational costs 239
11.13 Unitary costs vs transportation delays 239
11.14 A complete set of benchmarking activities 240
Tables
4.1 Bullwhip index of main structures 88
4.2 Structure summary of SCM structures 90
5.1 Formulae for the Bullwhip and inventory performance
metrics corresponding to the recommended
replenishment rule 99
5.2 Checking the robustness of the recommended
replenishment algorithm to lead time changes 102
6.1 Bullwhip in the real world as observed in a European
confectionery supply chain 110
6.2 Relating GLOSUCH BPR actions to the laws for
Bullwhip reduction 117
6.3 Win Win results recorded for Bullwhip reduction and
inventory improvements following implementation of
GLOSUCH BPR Programme 119
8.1 Mean orders placed without and with EDI 157
8.2 Comparison of average of mean costs 158
8.3 Comparison of average standard deviation of cost 158
List of Figures and Tables xiii
8.4 Comparison of average of mean orders placed 158
8.5 Comparison of average standard deviation of orders
placed 159
8.6 Comparison of cumulative costs 159
8.7 Comparison of amplifications 159
8.8 Comparison of net excess stocks in the supply chain 160
8.9 Signed ranks Wilcoxon s test 160
A8.1 Significance values in the Shapiro Wilk test 170
A8.2 Results of statistical tests 171
10.1 Summary of scenarios 204
A 10.1 Specific questions per manager supply chain function 212
11.1 Logistics competency scores 216
11.2 Some activities that could be benchmarked across
different industries 222
11.3 Case study comparisons 241
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of Figures and Tables ix
Notes on the Contributors xiv
Foreword xviii
Acknowledgments xxi
1 The Bullwhip Effect: Reflections 1
Hau L. Lee, V. Padmanabhan and Seungjin Whang
Part I Causes of the Bullwhip Effect
2 Operational and Behavioral Causes of Supply Chain
Instability 17
John D. Sterman
3 The Bullwhip Effect: A Review of Field Studies 57
Hau L. Lee and Seungjin Whang
4 Supply Chain Dynamics: Structural Causes of the
Bullwhip Effect 71
Felipe Villegas Moran and Peter Barrar
Part II Controling the Bullwhip Effect
5 Controling Replenishment Rule Induced Bullwhip via
Good Systems Design 95
Stephen M. Disney and Denis R. Towill
6 Bullwhip Reduction Paradigms 107
Denis R. Towill, Mohamed M. Nairn and Peter McCullen
7 Taming the Bullwhip Effect: From Traffic to Supply
Chains 123
Yanfeng Ouyang, Alejandro Lago and Carlos F. Daganzo
8 Mitigating the Bullwhip Effect With ICTs 152
Jose A.D. Machuca and Rafael del Pozo Barajas
vii
viii Contents
Part III Measuring the Bullwhip Effect
9 SIMCAS: A Network Improved Version of the Beer
Game via the Internet 175
Jose A.D. Machuca and Rafael del Pozo Barajas
10 Cross Border Logistics and Sourcing: A Methodology
to Analyze Planning Policies 187
Octavio Carranza Torres and Felipe Villegas Mordn
11 Managing the Bullwhip Effect through
Benchmarking 215
Octavio Carranza Torres and Felipe Villegas Mordn
Index 243
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
2.1 Top: Industrial production in the USA, 1946 2005.
Bottom: Detrended industrial production showing
fluctuations in the US manufacturing sector 20
2.2 Oscillation, amplification, and phase lag in the
aggregate supply chain 21
2.3 Oscillation, amplification, and phase lag in supply
chains Top: Oil and gas drilling fluctuates far more than
production. The graph shows 12 month centered
moving averages of the annualized fractional growth
rate calculated from the monthly data 22
2.4 The generic stock management structure. The
determinants of the desired supply line are not shown 25
2.5 Examples of the stock management structure 27
2.6 The policy structure of inventory management in a
manufacturing firm 32
2.7 Main parameters for the production model 32
2.8 Response of manufacturing model to a 20% step
increase in orders 33
2.9 Response of two stage supply chain to a 20%
unanticipated demand increase 36
2.10 Response of the two stage supply chain to random
variations in customer orders 38
2.11 The Beer Distribution Game The game is a role play
simulation. Each player manages one of the links in the
distribution chain from Retailer to Factory. In the game,
chips of various denominations represent cases of beer
and move through the supply chain from Raw Materials
to Customers. Customer orders are written on a deck of
cards. Each week players place orders with the supplier
on their left and the factory sets the production
schedule. The orders, written on slips of paper, move
upstream (left to right). The initial configuration is shown 40
2.12 Typical results of the Beer Distribution Game Top:
Orders. Bottom: Net inventory (Inventory Backlog).
ix
x List of Figures and Tables
Graphs show, bottom to top, Retailer, Wholesaler,
Distributor, and Factory. Vertical axis tick marks
denote 10 units. Note the characteristic oscillation,
amplification, and phase lag as the change in customer
orders propagates from retailer to factory 41
2.13 Estimated vs actual behavior in the Beer Game Factory
orders for an actual player compared to estimated
orders. Parameters: Smoothing time for forecast of
customer orders, 1.82 weeks; desired total stock on
hand and on order, 9 cases; os = 0.80, (S = 0 43
2.14 Typical experimental results when customer demand is
constant and known. Demand is 4 cases/week, and this
is publicly announced to all players in advance. The
supply chain is initialized in the optimal equilibrium
with throughput of 4/cases/week and zero inventory.
The data show the players' second game 45
4.1 PowerSim graph convention 75
4.2 The RUS model 76
4.3 The OUT model 77
4.4 The CSI model 79
4.5 The SRS model 81
4.6 The FDC model 82
4.7 The AFC model 84
4.8 Factory orders behavior under seasonal demand 86
4.9 Supply chain behavior under 20 per cent step demand 87
4.10 Supply chain behavior under random demand 87
4.11 AFC behavior under seasonal demand 88
4.12 CSI behavior under seasonal demand 89
5.1 Bullwhip in the real world: substantial demand
amplification observed in the UK retail sector 96
5.2 Causal loop diagram of the APIOBPCS replenishment rule 97
5.3 Relevance of the Deziel Eilon line to system design for
Bullwhip avoidance 98
5.4 Bullwhip contours corresponding to recommended
replenishment algorithms 100
5.5 Associated inventory variance at the Bullwhip boundaries 100
5.6 Response of "user guideline" setting replenishment rule
to the UK retail sector demand pattern demonstrating
Bullwhip avoidance 103
6.1 Traditional clothing supply chain 108
6.2 Bullwhip is a three dimensional phenomenon especially
in Global Supply Chains 109
List of Figures and Tables xi
6.3 Integrating the supply chain: the Stevens model 111
6.4 Idealized information flow within simulated supply chain 113
6.5 Results of BPR strategies evaluated via supply chain
simulation 114
6.6 Ishikawa diagram of problems identified in the
GLOSUCH supply chain 116
6.7 Bullwhip estimated across three echelons: US sales and
actual UK production of Product 1 119
6.8 Triangulation and exploitation of "power of analogue"
in determining laws for Bullwhip reduction in the real
world 121
7.1 Order placed by members of a supply chain:
(a) customer; (b) retailer; (c) wholesaler; (d) manufacturer 126
7.2 Similarities between supply chain and freeway traffic 128
7.3 The Bullwhip Effect and stop and go traffic: (a) the
Bullwhip Effect in a chain; (b) stop and go traffic on a
congested freeway 129
7.4 Possible combinations of steady demand and
inventory position 132
7.5 "Behavior" curve relationship between steady
demand and inventory position 133
7.6 Amplification of order fluctuations due to positive gain 134
7.7 A representation of system operations 137
7.8 ACT policy as the ADI variant of order up to policies 138
7.9 ADI commitments and RMSEs 140
7.10 Typical distribution of benefits and costs associated
with ADI policies 141
7.11 Optimal solution to the homogeneous chain case 142
7.12 A supply chain representation 144
7.13 A representation of system operations 145
9.1 Market structure without using the EDI with initial
conditions in the Beer Game 176
9.2 Typical outcome of the Beer Game 177
9.3 Communication among the players 180
9.4 Initial conditions box 181
9.5 Main window of the Server program 182
9.6 Client program window 184
10.1 Company B supply chain model 195
10.2 Customer service at Company B Product C 197
10.3 Inventory levels at Company B 198
10.4 Shipment and arrival orders, and in transit and RDC
inventory levels 198
xii List of Figures and Tables
10.5 Procurement orders and raw materials inventory 199
10.6 Bullwhip Effect for Company B 199
10.7 In transit and RDC inventories under Scenario 1 201
10.8 Raw materials inventories under Scenario 2 202
10.9 Finished goods inventories under Scenario 2 202
10.10 Bullwhip effect in Scenario 2 203
11.1 A general behavior pattern 220
11.2 Aggregated supply chain model for Case 3 223
11.3 The Bullwhip Effect at the automotive supplier company 225
11.4 Aggregated supply chain model for Case 1 226
11.5 Aggregated supply chain model for Case 2 228
11.6 Inventory positions in the supply chain 229
11.7 The Bullwhip Effect at the beverages company 230
11.8 Seasonal purchasing policy orders scenario 232
11.9 Impact of better forecasting and purchasing SS policies 233
11.10 The Bullwhip Effect (BW) due to transportation delays 238
11.11 Stockout and in transit added units 238
11.12 Transportation and stockout costs as a percentage of
total operational costs 239
11.13 Unitary costs vs transportation delays 239
11.14 A complete set of benchmarking activities 240
Tables
4.1 Bullwhip index of main structures 88
4.2 Structure summary of SCM structures 90
5.1 Formulae for the Bullwhip and inventory performance
metrics corresponding to the recommended
replenishment rule 99
5.2 Checking the robustness of the recommended
replenishment algorithm to lead time changes 102
6.1 Bullwhip in the real world as observed in a European
confectionery supply chain 110
6.2 Relating GLOSUCH BPR actions to the laws for
Bullwhip reduction 117
6.3 Win Win results recorded for Bullwhip reduction and
inventory improvements following implementation of
GLOSUCH BPR Programme 119
8.1 Mean orders placed without and with EDI 157
8.2 Comparison of average of mean costs 158
8.3 Comparison of average standard deviation of cost 158
List of Figures and Tables xiii
8.4 Comparison of average of mean orders placed 158
8.5 Comparison of average standard deviation of orders
placed 159
8.6 Comparison of cumulative costs 159
8.7 Comparison of amplifications 159
8.8 Comparison of net excess stocks in the supply chain 160
8.9 Signed ranks Wilcoxon's test 160
A8.1 Significance values in the Shapiro Wilk test 170
A8.2 Results of statistical tests 171
10.1 Summary of scenarios 204
A 10.1 Specific questions per manager supply chain function 212
11.1 Logistics competency scores 216
11.2 Some activities that could be benchmarked across
different industries 222
11.3 Case study comparisons 241 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)156776815 (DE-599)BVBBV023060782 |
| dewey-full | 658.7/2 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 658 - General management |
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| dewey-sort | 3658.7 12 |
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| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV023060782 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:28:40Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:10:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781403998583 1403998582 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005058535 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016264028 |
| oclc_num | 156776815 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-1049 DE-M347 |
| owner_facet | DE-1049 DE-M347 |
| physical | XXI, 248 S. graph. Darst. 22 cm |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases ed. by Octavio A. Carranza Torres ... 1. publ. New York Palgrave Macmillan 2006 XXI, 248 S. graph. Darst. 22 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Approvisionnement dans l'entreprise ram Livraison de marchandises - Gestion ram Logistique (organisation) ram Business logistics Industrial procurement Delivery of goods Management Distributionslogistik (DE-588)4150252-8 gnd rswk-swf Sicherheitsbestand (DE-588)4418673-3 gnd rswk-swf Beschaffungslogistik (DE-588)4254827-5 gnd rswk-swf Supply Chain Management (DE-588)4684051-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Supply Chain Management (DE-588)4684051-5 s Beschaffungslogistik (DE-588)4254827-5 s Distributionslogistik (DE-588)4150252-8 s Sicherheitsbestand (DE-588)4418673-3 s DE-604 Carranza Torres, Octavio A. 1963- Sonstige (DE-588)142709484 oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0626/2005058535-b.html Contributor biographical information http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0626/2005058535-d.html Publisher description http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0626/2005058535-t.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016264028&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases Approvisionnement dans l'entreprise ram Livraison de marchandises - Gestion ram Logistique (organisation) ram Business logistics Industrial procurement Delivery of goods Management Distributionslogistik (DE-588)4150252-8 gnd Sicherheitsbestand (DE-588)4418673-3 gnd Beschaffungslogistik (DE-588)4254827-5 gnd Supply Chain Management (DE-588)4684051-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4150252-8 (DE-588)4418673-3 (DE-588)4254827-5 (DE-588)4684051-5 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases |
| title_auth | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases |
| title_exact_search | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases |
| title_full | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases ed. by Octavio A. Carranza Torres ... |
| title_fullStr | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases ed. by Octavio A. Carranza Torres ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | The bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods, components, and cases ed. by Octavio A. Carranza Torres ... |
| title_short | The bullwhip effect in supply chains |
| title_sort | the bullwhip effect in supply chains a review of methods components and cases |
| title_sub | a review of methods, components, and cases |
| topic | Approvisionnement dans l'entreprise ram Livraison de marchandises - Gestion ram Logistique (organisation) ram Business logistics Industrial procurement Delivery of goods Management Distributionslogistik (DE-588)4150252-8 gnd Sicherheitsbestand (DE-588)4418673-3 gnd Beschaffungslogistik (DE-588)4254827-5 gnd Supply Chain Management (DE-588)4684051-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Approvisionnement dans l'entreprise Livraison de marchandises - Gestion Logistique (organisation) Business logistics Industrial procurement Delivery of goods Management Distributionslogistik Sicherheitsbestand Beschaffungslogistik Supply Chain Management Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0626/2005058535-b.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0626/2005058535-d.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0626/2005058535-t.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016264028&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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