Biostatistics for the health sciences:
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Upper Saddle River, NJ
Pearson Prentice Hall
2008
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XIII, 538 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780131176607 0131176609 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Blair, R. Clifford |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Biostatistics for the health sciences |c R. Clifford Blair ; Richard A. Taylor |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Upper Saddle River, NJ |b Pearson Prentice Hall |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 538 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Medical statistics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Biometry | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Biostatistik |0 (DE-588)4729990-3 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Biostatistik |0 (DE-588)4729990-3 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Taylor, Richard A. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Regensburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016244173&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 999 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016244173 | ||
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| _version_ | 1804137269019279360 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xi
1
Foundations of Biostatistics
1
1.1
Introduction
.................................. 1
1.2
Populations and Samples
........................... 2
1.3
Parameters and Statistics
........................... 3
1.4
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
..................... 4
1.5
Why Populations and Samples?
........................ 5
1.6
What Happens Now?
............................. 6
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 6
Exercises
...................................... 6
2
Descriptive Methods
9
2.1
Introduction
.................................. 9
2.2
Scales of Measurement
............................ 9
2.2.1
The Nominal Scale
.......................... 10
2.2.2
The Ordinal Scale
.......................... 10
2.2.3
The Interval (or Equal Interval) Scale
................ 11
2.2.4
The Ratio Scale
............................ 11
2.2.5
Continuous and Discrete Data
.................... 11
2.2.6
Further Comments on Scales
..................... 12
2.3
Summation Notation
............................. 12
2.3.1
Basic Notation
............................ 12
2.3.2
Some Rules of Summation
...................... 13
2.4
Distributions
................................. 15
2.4.1
Frequency Distributions
....................... 15
2.4.2
Relative Frequency Distributions
................... 15
2.4.3
Cumulative Frequency Distributions
................. 16
2.4.4
Cumulative Relative Frequency Distributions
............ 17
2.4.5
Grouped Distributions
........................ 17
2.5
Graphs
..................................... 19
2.5.1
Bar Graphs
.............................. 19
2.5.2
Histograms
.............................. 20
2.5.3
Polygons
............................... 20
2.5.4
Stem-and-leaf Displays
........................ 22
2.6
Numerical Methods
.............................. 23
2.6.
1 Measures of Central Tendency
.................... 25
2.6.2
Measures of Variability
........................ 32
2.6.3
Measures of Relative Position
.................... 38
2.6.4
Measures of Distribution Shape
................... 44
vi
Contents
2.7
A
Re-Orientation
............................... 47
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 48
Exercises
...................................... 48
3
Probability
51
3.1
Introduction
.................................. 51
3.2
A Definition of Probability
.......................... 51
3.3
Contingency Tables
.............................. 52
3.3.1
Sampling from the Population
.................... 52
3.3.2
Frequency Tables
........................... 53
3.3.3
Probability Tables
.......................... 55
3.3.4
Independence
............................. 56
3.3.5
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Related Concepts
............ 57
3.3.6
Risk and Odds Ratios
......................... 59
3.3.7
Bayes
Rule
.............................. 60
3.4
The Normal Curve
.............................. 62
3.4.1
Sampling from the Population
.................... 62
3.4.2
Some Characteristics of the Normal Curve
............. 62
3.4.3
Finding Areas Under the Normal Curve
............... 64
3.4.4
Using the Normal Curve to Approximate Probabilities
....... 68
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 71
Exercises
...................................... 71
4
Introduction to Inference and One Sample Methods
75
4.1
Introduction
.................................. 75
4.2
Sampling Distributions
............................ 75
4.2.1
Definition
............................... 75
4.2.2
The Sampling Distribution of
χ
................... 76
4.2.3
Using the Normal Curve to Approximate Probabilities Associated
with*
................................. 77
4.2.4
The Sampling Distribution of
ρ
................... 80
4.2.5
Using the Binomial Distribution to Approximate Probabilities
Associated with
ρ
.......................... 81
4.2.6
Using the Normal Curve to Approximate Probabilities Associated
with
ρ
................................. 84
4.3
Hypothesis Testing
.............................. 86
4.3.1
Introduction
.............................. 86
4.3.2
Rationale and Method
........................ 87
4.3.3
The One Mean
Ζ
Test
........................ 89
4.3.4
The One Mean
t
Test
......................... 102
4.3.5
One Sample Tests for a Proportion
.................. 108
4.3.6
Equivalence Tests
........................... 117
4.3.7
Errors and Correct Decisions in Hypothesis Testing
......... 125
4.4
Confidence Intervals
............................. 137
4.4.1
Introduction
.............................. 137
Contents
vii
4.4.2 Rationale
and Method
........................ 138
4.4.3
A Note of Caution
.......................... 141
4.4.4
Confidence Interval for
μ.
When
σ
Is Known
............ 142
4.4.5
Confidence Interval for
μ.
When
σ
Is Not Known
.......... 145
4.4.6
Confidence Interval for
π
...................... 148
4.5
Comparison of Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals
......... 152
4.5.1
Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and Two-Sided Confidence Intervals
. 152
4.5.2
One-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and One-Sided Confidence Intervals
. 154
4.5.3
Some Additional Comments
..................... 155
4.6
A Re-Orientation
............................... 155
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 155
Exercises
...................................... 156
Paired Samples Methods
159
5.1
Introduction
.................................. 159
5.2
Methods Related to Mean Difference
..................... 160
5.2.1
The Paired Samples (Difference)
/
Test
............... 160
5.2.2
Establishing Equivalence by Means of Paired Samples
t
Tests
. . . 165
5.2.3
Confidence Interval for Paired Samples Mean Difference
...... 171
5.2.4
Assumptions
............................. 174
5.3
Methods Related to Proportions
....................... 174
5.3.1
McNemar s Test of a Paired Samples Proportion
.......... 174
5.3.2
Establishing Equivalence for a Paired Samples Proportion
..... 180
5.3.3
Confidence Interval for a Paired Samples Proportion
........ 186
5.3.4
Assumptions
............................. 190
5.4
Methods Related to Paired Samples Risk Ratios
............... 190
5.4.1
Background
.............................. 190
5.4.2
Test of the Hypothesis RR=
1
for Paired Samples
......... 191
5.4.3
Establishing Equivalence by Means of the Paired Samples
Risk Ratio
.............................. 193
5.4.4
Confidence Interval for a Paired Samples Risk Ratio
........ 196
5.4.5
Assumptions
............................. 199
5.5
Methods Related to Paired Samples Odds Ratios
............... 199
5.5.1
Background
.............................. 199
5.5.2
Test of the Hypothesis
О
R=
1
for Paired Samples
......... 201
5.5.3
Establishing Equivalence by Means of the Paired Samples
Odds Ratio
.............................. 204
5.5.4
Confidence Interval for a Paired Samples Odds Ratio
........ 208
5.5.5
Assumptions
............................. 212
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 212
Exercises
...................................... 212
Two Independent Samples Methods
215
6.1
Introduction
.................................. 215
6.2
Methods Related to Differences Between Means
............... 215
viii Contents
6.2.1
The Independent Samples
/
Test
................... 215
6.2.2
Establishing Equivalence by Means of Independent Samples
t
Tests
................................. 224
6.2.3
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Means of Two
Independent Samples
......................... 228
6.2.4
Assumptions
............................. 230
6.3
Methods Related to Proportions
....................... 230
6.3.1
An Independent Samples Test for the Difference Between
Proportions
.............................. 230
6.3.2
Establishing Equivalence by Means of an Independent Samples
Z
Test for the Difference Between Proportions
............. 234
6.3.3
Confidence Interval for a Difference Between Proportions Based on
Two Independent Samples
...................... 236
6.3.4
Assumptions
............................. 238
6.4
Methods Related to Independent Samples Risk Ratios
............ 238
6.4.1
Background
.............................. 238
6.4.2
Test of the Hypothesis RR
= 1
for Independent Samples
...... 239
6.4.3
Establishing Equivalence by Means of the Independent Samples
Risk Ratio
.............................. 241
6.4.4
Confidence Interval for the Independent Samples Risk Ratio
.... 244
6.4.5
Assumptions
............................. 246
6.5
Methods Related to Independent Samples Odds Ratios
........... 247
6.5.1
Background
.............................. 247
6.5.2
Test of the Hypothesis OR
= 1
for Independent Samples
...... 249
6.5.3
Establishing Equivalence by Means of the Independent Samples
Odds Ratio
.............................. 251
6.5.4
Confidence Interval for the Independent Samples Odds Ratio
.... 254
6.5.5
Assumptions
............................. 256
6.5.6
Estimating Risk of Disease from Case-Control Data
........ 256
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 258
Exercises
...................................... 259
7
Multi-Sample Methods
263
7.1
Introduction
.................................. 263
7.2
The One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
F
Test
............ 264
7.2.1
Hypotheses
.............................. 264
7.2.2
Obtained
F
.............................. 264
7.2.3
The Test of Significance
....................... 269
7.2.4
The ANOVA Table
.......................... 269
7.2.5
Two Important Characteristics of MSb and MSW
.......... 272
7.2.6
Assumptions
............................. 276
7.3
The
2
by
к
Chi-Square Test
.......................... 276
7.3.1
Hypotheses
.............................. 276
7.3.2
Obtained
χ2
............................. 277
7.3.3
Assumptions
............................. 282
Contents ix
7.4 Multiple
Comparison Procedures
....................... 282
7.4.1
Introduction
.............................. 282
7.4.2
Controlling Familywise Errors
.................... 284
7.4.3
Further Comments Regarding Multiple Comparison Procedures
. . 291
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 292
Exercises
...................................... 293
The Assessment of Relationships
295
8.1
Background
.................................. 295
8.2
The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient
............ 295
8.2.1
Calculation of the Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient
..... 295
8.2.2
The Nature of the Relationship
.................... 298
8.2.3
The Strength of the Relationship
................... 300
8.2.4
Zero Correlation
........................... 307
8.2.5
Cause-Effect Relationships
...................... 308
8.2.6
Test of Hypothesis and Confidence Interval
............. 309
8.2.7
Assumptions
............................. 312
8.3
The Chi-Square Test for Independence
.................... 312
8.3.1
Assumptions
............................. 315
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 316
Exercises
...................................... 316
Linear Regression
319
9.1
Background
.................................. 319
9.2
Simple Linear Regression
........................... 320
9.2.1
Calculation
ofű
and
b
........................ 320
9.2.2
The Residual and Regression Sums of Squares and the Coefficients
of Determination and Nondetermination
............... 322
9.2.3
A Note on the Calculation of SSres and SSreg
............ 324
9.2.4
Further Comments on the Coefficients of Determination and
Nondetermination
.......................... 325
9.2.5
Inference Regarding
b
and R2
.................... 326
9.2.6
A Logical Inconsistency
....................... 328
9.3
Multiple Linear Regression
.......................... 329
9.3.1
The Model
.............................. 329
9.3.2
Calculation of the Model
....................... 329
9.3.3
Tests of Significance for R2 and bs
................. 332
9.3.4
The Partial
F
Test
........................... 333
9.4
Assumptions
................................. 338
9.5
Some Additional Comments Regarding the Utility of MLR
......... 338
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 339
Exercises
...................................... 340
χ
Contents
10
Methods Based on the Permutation Principle
343
10.1
Introduction
.................................. 343
10.2
Some Preliminaries
.............................. 344
10.2.1
Permutations
............................. 344
10.2.2
Combinations
............................. 345
10.3
Applications
.................................. 348
10.3.1
Correlation
.............................. 349
10.3.2
Paired Samples Tests
......................... 361
10.3.3
Two Independent Samples
...................... 374
10.3.4
Multiple Independent Samples
.................... 389
10.3.5
Contingency Tables
.......................... 399
10.4
Further Comments Regarding Permutation Based Methods
......... 409
Key Words and Phrases
............................... 411
Exercises
...................................... 411
APPENDICES
A Normal Curve Table
415
В
Critical Values of Student s
t
Distribution
421
С
Critical Values of the
F
Distribution
427
D
Critical Values of the Chi-Square Distribution
447
E
Critical Values of
q
for Tukey s HSD Test
449
F
Critical Values of the Rank Correlation Coefficient
453
G
Critical Values for Wilcoxon s Signed-Ranks Test
457
H
Critical Values for Wilcoxon s Rank-Sum Test
461
I Critical Values for the Kruskal-
Wallis Test 463
J
Case Studies
469
К
Answers to Exercises
479
Bibliography
527
Index
531
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
xi
1
Foundations of Biostatistics
1
1.1
Introduction
. 1
1.2
Populations and Samples
. 2
1.3
Parameters and Statistics
. 3
1.4
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
. 4
1.5
Why Populations and Samples?
. 5
1.6
What Happens Now?
. 6
Key Words and Phrases
. 6
Exercises
. 6
2
Descriptive Methods
9
2.1
Introduction
. 9
2.2
Scales of Measurement
. 9
2.2.1
The Nominal Scale
. 10
2.2.2
The Ordinal Scale
. 10
2.2.3
The Interval (or Equal Interval) Scale
. 11
2.2.4
The Ratio Scale
. 11
2.2.5
Continuous and Discrete Data
. 11
2.2.6
Further Comments on Scales
. 12
2.3
Summation Notation
. 12
2.3.1
Basic Notation
. 12
2.3.2
Some Rules of Summation
. 13
2.4
Distributions
. 15
2.4.1
Frequency Distributions
. 15
2.4.2
Relative Frequency Distributions
. 15
2.4.3
Cumulative Frequency Distributions
. 16
2.4.4
Cumulative Relative Frequency Distributions
. 17
2.4.5
Grouped Distributions
. 17
2.5
Graphs
. 19
2.5.1
Bar Graphs
. 19
2.5.2
Histograms
. 20
2.5.3
Polygons
. 20
2.5.4
Stem-and-leaf Displays
. 22
2.6
Numerical Methods
. 23
2.6.
1 Measures of Central Tendency
. 25
2.6.2
Measures of Variability
. 32
2.6.3
Measures of Relative Position
. 38
2.6.4
Measures of Distribution Shape
. 44
vi
Contents
2.7
A
Re-Orientation
. 47
Key Words and Phrases
. 48
Exercises
. 48
3
Probability
51
3.1
Introduction
. 51
3.2
A Definition of Probability
. 51
3.3
Contingency Tables
. 52
3.3.1
Sampling from the Population
. 52
3.3.2
Frequency Tables
. 53
3.3.3
Probability Tables
. 55
3.3.4
Independence
. 56
3.3.5
Sensitivity, Specificity, and Related Concepts
. 57
3.3.6
Risk and Odds Ratios
. 59
3.3.7
Bayes
Rule
. 60
3.4
The Normal Curve
. 62
3.4.1
Sampling from the Population
. 62
3.4.2
Some Characteristics of the Normal Curve
. 62
3.4.3
Finding Areas Under the Normal Curve
. 64
3.4.4
Using the Normal Curve to Approximate Probabilities
. 68
Key Words and Phrases
. 71
Exercises
. 71
4
Introduction to Inference and One Sample Methods
75
4.1
Introduction
. 75
4.2
Sampling Distributions
. 75
4.2.1
Definition
. 75
4.2.2
The Sampling Distribution of
χ
. 76
4.2.3
Using the Normal Curve to Approximate Probabilities Associated
with*
. 77
4.2.4
The Sampling Distribution of
ρ
. 80
4.2.5
Using the Binomial Distribution to Approximate Probabilities
Associated with
ρ
. 81
4.2.6
Using the Normal Curve to Approximate Probabilities Associated
with
ρ
. 84
4.3
Hypothesis Testing
. 86
4.3.1
Introduction
. 86
4.3.2
Rationale and Method
. 87
4.3.3
The One Mean
Ζ
Test
. 89
4.3.4
The One Mean
t
Test
. 102
4.3.5
One Sample Tests for a Proportion
. 108
4.3.6
Equivalence Tests
. 117
4.3.7
Errors and Correct Decisions in Hypothesis Testing
. 125
4.4
Confidence Intervals
. 137
4.4.1
Introduction
. 137
Contents
vii
4.4.2 Rationale
and Method
. 138
4.4.3
A Note of Caution
. 141
4.4.4
Confidence Interval for
μ.
When
σ
Is Known
. 142
4.4.5
Confidence Interval for
μ.
When
σ
Is Not Known
. 145
4.4.6
Confidence Interval for
π
. 148
4.5
Comparison of Hypothesis Tests and Confidence Intervals
. 152
4.5.1
Two-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and Two-Sided Confidence Intervals
. 152
4.5.2
One-Tailed Hypothesis Tests and One-Sided Confidence Intervals
. 154
4.5.3
Some Additional Comments
. 155
4.6
A Re-Orientation
. 155
Key Words and Phrases
. 155
Exercises
. 156
Paired Samples Methods
159
5.1
Introduction
. 159
5.2
Methods Related to Mean Difference
. 160
5.2.1
The Paired Samples (Difference)
/
Test
. 160
5.2.2
Establishing Equivalence by Means of Paired Samples
t
Tests
. . . 165
5.2.3
Confidence Interval for Paired Samples Mean Difference
. 171
5.2.4
Assumptions
. 174
5.3
Methods Related to Proportions
. 174
5.3.1
McNemar's Test of a Paired Samples Proportion
. 174
5.3.2
Establishing Equivalence for a Paired Samples Proportion
. 180
5.3.3
Confidence Interval for a Paired Samples Proportion
. 186
5.3.4
Assumptions
. 190
5.4
Methods Related to Paired Samples Risk Ratios
. 190
5.4.1
Background
. 190
5.4.2
Test of the Hypothesis RR=
1
for Paired Samples
. 191
5.4.3
Establishing Equivalence by Means of the Paired Samples
Risk Ratio
. 193
5.4.4
Confidence Interval for a Paired Samples Risk Ratio
. 196
5.4.5
Assumptions
. 199
5.5
Methods Related to Paired Samples Odds Ratios
. 199
5.5.1
Background
. 199
5.5.2
Test of the Hypothesis
О
R=
1
for Paired Samples
. 201
5.5.3
Establishing Equivalence by Means of the Paired Samples
Odds Ratio
. 204
5.5.4
Confidence Interval for a Paired Samples Odds Ratio
. 208
5.5.5
Assumptions
. 212
Key Words and Phrases
. 212
Exercises
. 212
Two Independent Samples Methods
215
6.1
Introduction
. 215
6.2
Methods Related to Differences Between Means
. 215
viii Contents
6.2.1
The Independent Samples
/
Test
. 215
6.2.2
Establishing Equivalence by Means of Independent Samples
t
Tests
. 224
6.2.3
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Means of Two
Independent Samples
. 228
6.2.4
Assumptions
. 230
6.3
Methods Related to Proportions
. 230
6.3.1
An Independent Samples Test for the Difference Between
Proportions
. 230
6.3.2
Establishing Equivalence by Means of an Independent Samples
Z
Test for the Difference Between Proportions
. 234
6.3.3
Confidence Interval for a Difference Between Proportions Based on
Two Independent Samples
. 236
6.3.4
Assumptions
. 238
6.4
Methods Related to Independent Samples Risk Ratios
. 238
6.4.1
Background
. 238
6.4.2
Test of the Hypothesis RR
= 1
for Independent Samples
. 239
6.4.3
Establishing Equivalence by Means of the Independent Samples
Risk Ratio
. 241
6.4.4
Confidence Interval for the Independent Samples Risk Ratio
. 244
6.4.5
Assumptions
. 246
6.5
Methods Related to Independent Samples Odds Ratios
. 247
6.5.1
Background
. 247
6.5.2
Test of the Hypothesis OR
= 1
for Independent Samples
. 249
6.5.3
Establishing Equivalence by Means of the Independent Samples
Odds Ratio
. 251
6.5.4
Confidence Interval for the Independent Samples Odds Ratio
. 254
6.5.5
Assumptions
. 256
6.5.6
Estimating Risk of Disease from Case-Control Data
. 256
Key Words and Phrases
. 258
Exercises
. 259
7
Multi-Sample Methods
263
7.1
Introduction
. 263
7.2
The One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
F
Test
. 264
7.2.1
Hypotheses
. 264
7.2.2
Obtained
F
. 264
7.2.3
The Test of Significance
. 269
7.2.4
The ANOVA Table
. 269
7.2.5
Two Important Characteristics of MSb and MSW
. 272
7.2.6
Assumptions
. 276
7.3
The
2
by
к
Chi-Square Test
. 276
7.3.1
Hypotheses
. 276
7.3.2
Obtained
χ2
. 277
7.3.3
Assumptions
. 282
Contents ix
7.4 Multiple
Comparison Procedures
. 282
7.4.1
Introduction
. 282
7.4.2
Controlling Familywise Errors
. 284
7.4.3
Further Comments Regarding Multiple Comparison Procedures
. . 291
Key Words and Phrases
. 292
Exercises
. 293
The Assessment of Relationships
295
8.1
Background
. 295
8.2
The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient
. 295
8.2.1
Calculation of the Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient
. 295
8.2.2
The Nature of the Relationship
. 298
8.2.3
The Strength of the Relationship
. 300
8.2.4
Zero Correlation
. 307
8.2.5
Cause-Effect Relationships
. 308
8.2.6
Test of Hypothesis and Confidence Interval
. 309
8.2.7
Assumptions
. 312
8.3
The Chi-Square Test for Independence
. 312
8.3.1
Assumptions
. 315
Key Words and Phrases
. 316
Exercises
. 316
Linear Regression
319
9.1
Background
. 319
9.2
Simple Linear Regression
. 320
9.2.1
Calculation
ofű
and
b
. 320
9.2.2
The Residual and Regression Sums of Squares and the Coefficients
of Determination and Nondetermination
. 322
9.2.3
A Note on the Calculation of SSres and SSreg
. 324
9.2.4
Further Comments on the Coefficients of Determination and
Nondetermination
. 325
9.2.5
Inference Regarding
b
and R2
. 326
9.2.6
A Logical Inconsistency
. 328
9.3
Multiple Linear Regression
. 329
9.3.1
The Model
. 329
9.3.2
Calculation of the Model
. 329
9.3.3
Tests of Significance for R2 and bs
. 332
9.3.4
The Partial
F
Test
. 333
9.4
Assumptions
. 338
9.5
Some Additional Comments Regarding the Utility of MLR
. 338
Key Words and Phrases
. 339
Exercises
. 340
χ
Contents
10
Methods Based on the Permutation Principle
343
10.1
Introduction
. 343
10.2
Some Preliminaries
. 344
10.2.1
Permutations
. 344
10.2.2
Combinations
. 345
10.3
Applications
. 348
10.3.1
Correlation
. 349
10.3.2
Paired Samples Tests
. 361
10.3.3
Two Independent Samples
. 374
10.3.4
Multiple Independent Samples
. 389
10.3.5
Contingency Tables
. 399
10.4
Further Comments Regarding Permutation Based Methods
. 409
Key Words and Phrases
. 411
Exercises
. 411
APPENDICES
A Normal Curve Table
415
В
Critical Values of Student's
t
Distribution
421
С
Critical Values of the
F
Distribution
427
D
Critical Values of the Chi-Square Distribution
447
E
Critical Values of
q
for Tukey's HSD Test
449
F
Critical Values of the Rank Correlation Coefficient
453
G
Critical Values for Wilcoxon's Signed-Ranks Test
457
H
Critical Values for Wilcoxon's Rank-Sum Test
461
I Critical Values for the Kruskal-
Wallis Test 463
J
Case Studies
469
К
Answers to Exercises
479
Bibliography
527
Index
531 |
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| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:20:32Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:09:36Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780131176607 0131176609 |
| language | English |
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| spelling | Blair, R. Clifford Verfasser aut Biostatistics for the health sciences R. Clifford Blair ; Richard A. Taylor 1. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson Prentice Hall 2008 XIII, 538 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Medical statistics Biometry Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd rswk-swf Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 s DE-604 Taylor, Richard A. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016244173&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Blair, R. Clifford Taylor, Richard A. Biostatistics for the health sciences Medical statistics Biometry Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4729990-3 |
| title | Biostatistics for the health sciences |
| title_auth | Biostatistics for the health sciences |
| title_exact_search | Biostatistics for the health sciences |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Biostatistics for the health sciences |
| title_full | Biostatistics for the health sciences R. Clifford Blair ; Richard A. Taylor |
| title_fullStr | Biostatistics for the health sciences R. Clifford Blair ; Richard A. Taylor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biostatistics for the health sciences R. Clifford Blair ; Richard A. Taylor |
| title_short | Biostatistics for the health sciences |
| title_sort | biostatistics for the health sciences |
| topic | Medical statistics Biometry Biostatistik (DE-588)4729990-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Medical statistics Biometry Biostatistik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016244173&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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