Resource use and agricultural sustainability: risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kassel
Kassel Univ. Press
2006
|
| Series: | Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics
Beiheft ; 86 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Literaturverz. S. 193 - 202 |
| Physical Description: | 202 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9783899582215 3899582217 |
Staff View
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
PREFACE 13
1 INTRODUCTION 14
1.1 Research Rationale 15
1.2 Conceptual Framework 17
1.3 Research Objectives 18
1.4 Scope of the Study 20
1.5 The Study Area 21
2 CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT 24
2.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 25
2.2 The Concept of Sustainable Agriculture 27
23 Defining Farming Practices 30
2.4 Factors Influencing Agricultural Sustainability 31
Water resource management 31
Soil-fertility management 32
Plant nutrient resources
Soil nutrient balance
Rational use of external inputs
Pest and disease management 36
Agricultural extension 37
Marketing 40
Credit Services 40
3 PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE IN CHINA 42
3.1 Sustainable Agriculture in the Context of the North China Plain 42
3.2 Key Issues of Sustainable Agriculture in China 43
Population pressure and food security 43
Intensive use of external inputs 44
Environmental degradation 44
Case 1. Drying up of the Yellow River due to overuse
in the upper reaches
Case 2. Diminishing water tables of the 3-H region
and degradation of water quality
Case 3. Water pollution due to overuse of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides
Case 4. Degradation of the Northern China grasslands
Case 5. Desertification
33 Sustainable Agricultural Practices in China 46
Biological agriculture 46
Integrated pest management (IPM) ATI
Water conservation agriculture ATI
Control of grassland degradation in northwestern China 48
3.4 Agricultural Policies and Practices in China 48
Land policy 49
Policy of land reservation for food grains 50
Farm price policy 50
Marketing policy 51
Water and soil conservation policy 52
4 MEASURING AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY 53
4.1 Sustainability Indicators 53
Sustainability indicators proposed by different scientists 54
Sustainability indicators practically applied 56
4.2 Criteria for Indicator Selection 59
4.3 Operational Indicators for Measuring Agricultural
Sustainability in Developing Countries 60
Economic indicators 60
Social indicators 62
Ecological indicators 63
5 RESEARCH DESIGN 65
5.1 Sampling 66
Determination of sample size 66
Sampling methods 67
5.2 Data Collection Methods 68
Secondary data 68
Primary data 68
Field reconnaissance survey
Household survey
Interviews of key informants
Observations
Focus group discussion
Groundwater test
S3 Data Analysis 71
Quantitative analysis 71
Qualitative analysis 75
Sensitivity analysis 75
5.4 Selection of Indicators 76
6 GROUNDWATER USE 81
6.1 Groandwater-nse Practices 81
Irrigation methods 81
Irrigation frequency 82
Gap between actual and recommended rates of irrigation 83
6.2 Fanners Awareness of Groundwater Conservation 84
63 Environmental Implications of Groundwater-use Practices 85
6.4 Water-use Efficiency 89
6.5 Future Water Demand and Supply 90
Water demand analysis 90
Water supply analysis 91
6.6 Institutional Arrangements for the Management of
Groundwater Resources 92
7 SOIL-FERTILITY MANAGEMENT 94
7.1 Use of Organic Fertilizers 94
Farmyard manure (FYM) 94
Crop residues 95
7.2 Use of Chemical Fertilizers 97
Frequency and methods offertilizer application 97
Amount offertilizer application 98
73 Appropriateness of Fertilizer Use 99
The gap between recommended and actual fertilizer applications 99
Farmers perceptions offertilizer application 101
Farmers perceptions of soil fertility 102
7.4 Nutrient Balance in the Farming System 103
7.5 Soil-fertility Analysis 104
SoilpH 105
Organic matter 106
Nitrogen 106
Phosphorus 107
Potassium 108
7.6 Environmental Implications of Fertilizer Application 109
Groundwater contamination 109
Nitrate (NOf) pollution of products 111
8 PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT 112
8.1 Farmers Management of Pests and Diseases 112
Frequency and dosage of pesticide application 112
Methods of pesticide application 115
Farmers perceptions on pesticide application 115
Farmers perceptions on the beneficial and harmful
effects of pesticides 116
8.2 Impacts of Pesticide Use 117
Human health hazards 118
Environmental and social costs 119
9 ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY 121
9.1 Analysis of Crop Productivity 121
9.2 Per Capita Food-grain Production 122
9 J Stability of Crop Yield 123
9.4 Farmers Perceptions of the Casses of Yield Increase 124
9.5 Profitability of Crop Production 125
Financial analysis procedure 125
Information collection
Valuation of production
Cost estimation
Financial benefit-cost analysis 127
9.6 Environmental and Social Cost of Farming Practices 129
9.7 Fertilizer Use and Crop Yield 131
Wheat yield and nitrogen application 131
Maize yield and nitrogen application 132
Cotton yield and nitrogen application 133
Chive yield and nitrogen application 134
9.8 Determinants of Crop Yield 135
Wheat model 135
Maize model 138
Cotton model 139
Chive model 141
9.9 Sensitivity Analysis 142
Procedures of sensitivity analysis 142
Analysis and discussion 144
Scenario 1 —10 percent increase in input costs.
Scenario 2 —10 percent fall in output prices.
Scenario 3 — 10 percent increase in input costs and
10 percent fall in output prices.
Scenario 4 — Irrigation cost will double due to a diminishing
groundwater table.
Scenario 5 — 20 percent decrease in crop yields.
Scenario 6 — Fall in input costs if farmers adopt recommended
rates of fertilizers and groundwater application.
10
9.10 Risks and Uncertainties 147
10 SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY 150
10.1 Household Food Security 150
10.2 Agricultural Marketing Services 151
103 Accessibility to Agricultural Extension 152
Agricultural Extension Workers (AEWs) 153
Farmers satisfaction with extension services 155
Private entrepreneurs in extension services 157
10.4 Accessibility to Agricultural Training 157
10.5 Farmers Knowledge of Sustainable Farming Practices 160
Fanners ranking of indicators 160
Farmers knowledge about the use of inputs 161
Sources of farmers knowledge of sustainable farming practices 162
10.6 Farmers Willingness to Cultivate Additional or Other Crops 163
Farmers preferred ranking on the cultivation of additional or
other crops 163
Farmers motives behind not cultivating additional or other crops 164
10.7 Fanners Perceived Problems with Crop Production 165
11 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 168
11.1 Assessment of Environmental SostainabUity 168
Sustainability ofgroundwater management practices 169
Sustainability of soil-fertility management practices 170
Sustainability of pest and disease management 171
11
11.2 Assessment of Economic Sustainability 171
113 Assessment of Sodo-institutional Sustainability 172
11.4 Salient Features of Sustainable and Non-sustainable Fanners 175
11.5 Modelling Sustainable Farming Practices 177
11.6 Conclusions 180
11.7 Recommendations for Implementation 184
Government policies 184
Enhance coordination
Drinking water standards
Grain production and distribution policies
Groundwater management 186
Framework for sustainable groundwater management
Waterpricing
Control of well construction
Adoption of water conservation agriculture
Soil-fertility management 187
Expand use of farmyard manure
Expand use of crop residues
Reduce excessive application of chemical fertilizer
Pest and disease management 189
Extension services 189
Public education and training programmes
Reform extension services
Enhance on-farm demonstrations
Agricultural information centres
Research needs 191
12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 193
12
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
PREFACE 13
1 INTRODUCTION 14
1.1 Research Rationale 15
1.2 Conceptual Framework 17
1.3 Research Objectives 18
1.4 Scope of the Study 20
1.5 The Study Area 21
2 CONCEPTS AND THEORIES OF SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT 24
2.1 Agriculture and Rural Development 25
2.2 The Concept of Sustainable Agriculture 27
23 Defining Farming Practices 30
2.4 Factors Influencing Agricultural Sustainability 31
Water resource management 31
Soil-fertility management 32
Plant nutrient resources
Soil nutrient balance
Rational use of external inputs
Pest and disease management 36
Agricultural extension 37
Marketing 40
Credit Services 40
3 PRACTICES AND POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE
AGRICULTURE IN CHINA 42
3.1 Sustainable Agriculture in the Context of the North China Plain 42
3.2 Key Issues of Sustainable Agriculture in China 43
Population pressure and food security 43
Intensive use of external inputs 44
Environmental degradation 44
Case 1. Drying up of the Yellow River due to overuse
in the upper reaches
Case 2. Diminishing water tables of the 3-H region
and degradation of water quality
Case 3. Water pollution due to overuse of chemical
fertilizers and pesticides
Case 4. Degradation of the Northern China grasslands
Case 5. Desertification
33 Sustainable Agricultural Practices in China 46
Biological agriculture 46
Integrated pest management (IPM) ATI
Water conservation agriculture ATI
Control of grassland degradation in northwestern China 48
3.4 Agricultural Policies and Practices in China 48
Land policy 49
Policy of land reservation for food grains 50
Farm price policy 50
Marketing policy 51
Water and soil conservation policy 52
4 MEASURING AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY 53
4.1 Sustainability Indicators 53
Sustainability indicators proposed by different scientists 54
Sustainability indicators practically applied 56
4.2 Criteria for Indicator Selection 59
4.3 Operational Indicators for Measuring Agricultural
Sustainability in Developing Countries 60
Economic indicators 60
Social indicators 62
Ecological indicators 63
5 RESEARCH DESIGN 65
5.1 Sampling 66
Determination of sample size 66
Sampling methods 67
5.2 Data Collection Methods 68
Secondary data 68
Primary data 68
Field reconnaissance survey
Household survey
Interviews of key informants
Observations
Focus group discussion
Groundwater test
S3 Data Analysis 71
Quantitative analysis 71
Qualitative analysis 75
Sensitivity analysis 75
5.4 Selection of Indicators 76
6 GROUNDWATER USE 81
6.1 Groandwater-nse Practices 81
Irrigation methods 81
Irrigation frequency 82
Gap between actual and recommended rates of irrigation 83
6.2 Fanners' Awareness of Groundwater Conservation 84
63 Environmental Implications of Groundwater-use Practices 85
6.4 Water-use Efficiency 89
6.5 Future Water Demand and Supply 90
Water demand analysis 90
Water supply analysis 91
6.6 Institutional Arrangements for the Management of
Groundwater Resources 92
7 SOIL-FERTILITY MANAGEMENT 94
7.1 Use of Organic Fertilizers 94
Farmyard manure (FYM) 94
Crop residues 95
7.2 Use of Chemical Fertilizers 97
Frequency and methods offertilizer application 97
Amount offertilizer application 98
73 Appropriateness of Fertilizer Use 99
The gap between recommended and actual fertilizer applications 99
Farmers' perceptions offertilizer application 101
Farmers'perceptions of soil fertility 102
7.4 Nutrient Balance in the Farming System 103
7.5 Soil-fertility Analysis 104
SoilpH 105
Organic matter 106
Nitrogen 106
Phosphorus 107
Potassium 108
7.6 Environmental Implications of Fertilizer Application 109
Groundwater contamination 109
Nitrate (NOf) pollution of products 111
8 PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT 112
8.1 Farmers' Management of Pests and Diseases 112
Frequency and dosage of pesticide application 112
Methods of pesticide application 115
Farmers'perceptions on pesticide application 115
Farmers 'perceptions on the beneficial and harmful
effects of pesticides 116
8.2 Impacts of Pesticide Use 117
Human health hazards 118
Environmental and social costs 119
9 ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY 121
9.1 Analysis of Crop Productivity 121
9.2 Per Capita Food-grain Production 122
9 J Stability of Crop Yield 123
9.4 Farmers' Perceptions of the Casses of Yield Increase 124
9.5 Profitability of Crop Production 125
Financial analysis procedure 125
Information collection
Valuation of production
Cost estimation
Financial benefit-cost analysis 127
9.6 Environmental and Social Cost of Farming Practices 129
9.7 Fertilizer Use and Crop Yield 131
Wheat yield and nitrogen application 131
Maize yield and nitrogen application 132
Cotton yield and nitrogen application 133
Chive yield and nitrogen application 134
9.8 Determinants of Crop Yield 135
Wheat model 135
Maize model 138
Cotton model 139
Chive model 141
9.9 Sensitivity Analysis 142
Procedures of sensitivity analysis 142
Analysis and discussion 144
Scenario 1 —10 percent increase in input costs.
Scenario 2 —10 percent fall in output prices.
Scenario 3 — 10 percent increase in input costs and
10 percent fall in output prices.
Scenario 4 — Irrigation cost will double due to a diminishing
groundwater table.
Scenario 5 — 20 percent decrease in crop yields.
Scenario 6 — Fall in input costs if farmers adopt recommended
rates of fertilizers and groundwater application.
10
9.10 Risks and Uncertainties 147
10 SOCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL SUSTAINABILITY 150
10.1 Household Food Security 150
10.2 Agricultural Marketing Services 151
103 Accessibility to Agricultural Extension 152
Agricultural Extension Workers (AEWs) 153
Farmers ' satisfaction with extension services 155
Private entrepreneurs in extension services 157
10.4 Accessibility to Agricultural Training 157
10.5 Farmers' Knowledge of Sustainable Farming Practices 160
Fanners ' ranking of indicators 160
Farmers ' knowledge about the use of inputs 161
Sources of farmers' knowledge of sustainable farming practices 162
10.6 Farmers' Willingness to Cultivate Additional or Other Crops 163
Farmers'preferred ranking on the cultivation of additional or
other crops 163
Farmers ' motives behind not cultivating additional or other crops 164
10.7 Fanners' Perceived Problems with Crop Production 165
11 FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 168
11.1 Assessment of Environmental SostainabUity 168
Sustainability ofgroundwater management practices 169
Sustainability of soil-fertility management practices 170
Sustainability of pest and disease management 171
11
11.2 Assessment of Economic Sustainability 171
113 Assessment of Sodo-institutional Sustainability 172
11.4 Salient Features of Sustainable and Non-sustainable Fanners 175
11.5 Modelling Sustainable Farming Practices 177
11.6 Conclusions 180
11.7 Recommendations for Implementation 184
Government policies 184
Enhance coordination
Drinking water standards
Grain production and distribution policies
Groundwater management 186
Framework for sustainable groundwater management
Waterpricing
Control of well construction
Adoption of water conservation agriculture
Soil-fertility management 187
Expand use of farmyard manure
Expand use of crop residues
Reduce excessive application of chemical fertilizer
Pest and disease management 189
Extension services 189
Public education and training programmes
Reform extension services
Enhance on-farm demonstrations
Agricultural information centres
Research needs 191
12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 193
12 |
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| discipline | Biologie Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Biologie Agrar-/Forst-/Ernährungs-/Haushaltswissenschaft / Gartenbau Geographie |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:17:14Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:09:24Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783899582215 3899582217 |
| language | English |
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| owner | DE-703 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 |
| physical | 202 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Kassel Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics |
| series2 | Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics : Beiheft |
| spelling | Zhen, Lin Verfasser aut Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China Lin Zhen and Michael Zoebisch Kassel Kassel Univ. Press 2006 202 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics : Beiheft 86 Literaturverz. S. 193 - 202 Intensivlandwirtschaft (DE-588)4324701-5 gnd rswk-swf Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd rswk-swf China Nord (DE-588)4042496-0 gnd rswk-swf China Nord (DE-588)4042496-0 g Intensivlandwirtschaft (DE-588)4324701-5 s Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 s DE-604 Zöbisch, Michael A. Verfasser aut Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics Beiheft ; 86 (DE-604)BV019307655 86 application/pdf http://www.upress.uni-kassel.de/publi/abstract.php?3-89958-221-7 Inhaltstext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016235415&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Zhen, Lin Zöbisch, Michael A. Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China Journal of agriculture and rural development in the tropics and subtropics Intensivlandwirtschaft (DE-588)4324701-5 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4324701-5 (DE-588)4326464-5 (DE-588)4042496-0 |
| title | Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China |
| title_auth | Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China |
| title_exact_search | Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China |
| title_full | Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China Lin Zhen and Michael Zoebisch |
| title_fullStr | Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China Lin Zhen and Michael Zoebisch |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China Lin Zhen and Michael Zoebisch |
| title_short | Resource use and agricultural sustainability |
| title_sort | resource use and agricultural sustainability risks and consequences of intensive cropping in china |
| title_sub | risks and consequences of intensive cropping in China |
| topic | Intensivlandwirtschaft (DE-588)4324701-5 gnd Nachhaltigkeit (DE-588)4326464-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Intensivlandwirtschaft Nachhaltigkeit China Nord |
| url | http://www.upress.uni-kassel.de/publi/abstract.php?3-89958-221-7 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016235415&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV019307655 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zhenlin resourceuseandagriculturalsustainabilityrisksandconsequencesofintensivecroppinginchina AT zobischmichaela resourceuseandagriculturalsustainabilityrisksandconsequencesofintensivecroppinginchina |