Multinational enterprises and the global economy:
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cheltenham [u.a.]
Elgar
2008
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Beschreibung: | XXVI, 920 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9781847201225 9781843765257 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Multinational enterprises and the global economy |c John H. Dunning ; Sarianna M. Lundan |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804137255281885184 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of figures
xv
List of tables
xvi
List of boxes
xviii
List of abbreviations
xix
Acknowledgements
xxi
Introduction to the second edition
xxii
PART I FACTS, THEORY AND HISTORY
1
Definitions and sources of data
3
1.1
The nature of a multinational enterprise
3
1.1.1
A working definition
3
1.1.2
The distinctive features of an
MNE
5
1.1.3
Forms of foreign involvement by MNEs
7
1.2
Measuring the extent and pattern of multinational activity
9
1.2.1
Sources and types of data
9
1.2.2
Deficiencies in the quality of statistical data on FDI
12
1.2.3
Size and stability of foreign investment flows
15
2
The extent and pattern of foreign direct investment
17
2.1
Introduction
17
2.2
A general overview
17
2.2.1
The position in the beginning of the
21
st century
17
2.2.2
General trends
19
2.3
The leading outward investors
23
2.3.1
The facts
23
2.3.2
The significance of outward direct investment to home
countries
27
2.4
The leading inward investors
29
2.4.1
The facts
29
2.4.2
The significance of inward direct investment for host countries
33
2.5
The balance between outward and inward direct investment
34
2.6
The sectoral composition of outward and inward investment
35
2.6.1
The main orders of economic activity
35
2.6.2
The composition of FDI within broad industrial sectors
38
2.7
Some country-specific differences in the geography of foreign
investment
48
2.7.1
Outward direct investment
48
2.7.2
Inward direct investment
49
Contents
2.8
The world s leading MNEs
54
2.8.1
The transnationality index
61
2.8.2
The rise and decline of state-owned enterprises
61
3
The motives for foreign production
63
3.1
Introduction
63
3.2
Why do firms wish to engage in foreign production?
63
3.3
The main types of foreign production
67
3.3.1
The natural resource seekers
68
3.3.2
The market seekers
69
3.3.3
The efficiency seekers
72
3.3.4
The strategic asset seekers
72
3.3.5
Other motives for
MNE
activity
74
3.4
The political economy of outward FDI
77
3.5
Conclusions
78
4
Theories of foreign direct investment
79
4.1
Introduction
79
4.2
Theories of the
MNE
and
MNE
activity:
1960-76 82
4.2.1
Prior to the
1960s 82
4.2.2
The contribution of Hymer
83
4.2.3
The product cycle
85
4.2.4
Follow-up developments
86
4.2.5
Other theoretical contributions: a selected view
89
4.3
General explanations of
MNE
activity
93
4.3.1
Internalisation theory
93
4.3.2
The eclectic or
OLI
paradigm
95
4.3.3
A macroeconomic approach to understanding
MNE
activity
109
4.4
A note on an evolutionary approach to explaining
MNE
activity 111
4.5
Issues resolved and unresolved by received theory
113
5
The determinants of
MNE
activity: the
OLI
paradigm revisited
116
5.1
Introduction
116
5.2
New theoretical perspectives
117
5.2.1
Cooperative relationships and I advantages
117
5.2.2
The resource-based view and dynamic
О
advantages
120
5.2.3
The knowledge-based theory of the firm and dynamic
О
advantages
122
5.3
Institutions in international business
123
5.3.1
Why focus on institutions?
125
5.3.2
Institutions in the international business literature
126
5.4
Incorporating institutions into the
OLI
paradigm
129
5.4.1
Institutions defined
129
5.4.2
Ownership-specific advantages
131
5.4.3
Locational factors
137
Contents
vii
5.4.4 Internalisation
factors
140
5.4.5
Propositions regarding institutional transfer and change
142
5.5
Conclusions
143
6
The emergence and maturing of international production: an historical
excursion
145
6.1
Introduction
145
6.2
Colonising and merchant capitalism
146
6.3
The early 19th century: the forerunners of the modern
MNE
149
6.3.1
Introduction
149
6.3.2
The individual entrepreneurs
150
6.3.3
The finance capitalists
151
6.3.4
The embryonic MNEs
152
6.4
From
1870
onwards: the modern
MNE
emerges
154
6.4.1
New technological and organisational advances
154
6.4.2
Market-seeking investments
157
6.4.3
Resource-seeking investments
163
6.4.4
Other investments
170
6.4.5
The position prior to
1914:
a résumé
172
6.5
The maturing of foreign production:
1918-39 176
6.5.1
Introduction
176
6.5.2
Market-seeking investments
179
6.5.3
Resource-based investments
183
6.5.4
Other investments
183
6.5.5
The inter-war years: conclusions
184
6.6
The early post-war period:
1945-60 185
6.6.1
Some facts
185
6.6.2
Changes in the organisation of international business
186
6.6.3
Changes in locational determinants
188
6.7
Towards the globalisation of production:
1960-2000 189
6.7.1
Introduction
189
6.7.2
Changes in organisational form
191
6.7.3
Recent locational changes
194
6.8
Conclusions
196
PART II INSIDE THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE
7
Entry and expansion strategies of MNEs
201
7.1
Introduction
201
7.2
The concept of business strategy
202
7.3
The value-added chain
205
7.3.1
Some general principles
205
7.3.2
Value-added networks and
MNE
activity
206
7.4
Analysis of the
internationalisation
process
212
7.4.1
Introduction
212
7.4.2
Learning in the
internationalisation
process
212
viii Contents
7.4.3
A network
approach to the multinational firm
213
7.4.4
Phase
1:
exports and foreign sourcing
215
7.4.5
Phase
2 :
investment in marketing and distribution
218
7.4.6
Phase
3:
foreign production of intermediate goods and services
221
7.4.7
Phase
4:
deepening and widening of the value-added network
223
7.4.8
Phase
5:
the integrated network multinational
227
7.5
Conclusions
231
8
The organisation of
MNE
activity: the internal network
233
8.1
Introduction
233
8.2
The organisational function: some general observations
234
8.2.1
The need for an organisational structure
234
8.2.2
Strategic responses to organisational needs
236
8.3
Organisational structures of MNEs
238
8.3.1
Some general points
238
8.3.2
Organisational governance of domestic firms
239
8.3.3
The impact of
internationalisation on
organisational
governance
241
8.3.4
The organisational structure of global firms
243
8.3.5
Organisational structures:
a résumé
248
8.4
The locus of decision making
249
8.4.1
Introduction
249
8.4.2
An economic approach to decision making
250
8.4.3
A strategic approach to decision making
252
8.5
Affiliate roles and evolution
253
8.5.1
Introduction
253
8.5.2
Affiliate autonomy
254
8.5.3
Knowledge transfer
256
8.6
Conclusions
258
9
The organisation of
MNE
activity: the external network
260
9.1
Introduction
260
9.2
The spectrum of organisational modes: cooperation and competition
260
9.3
Cooperative agreements: some theoretical and methodological
considerations
264
9.3.1
Transaction costs and resource attributes
264
9.3.2
Some methodological issues
267
9.4
Joint equity ventures
269
9.4.1
Why do firms enter into joint ventures?
269
9.4.2
When are joint ventures likely to succeed?
272
9.4.3
Cultural and institutional influences in joint ventures
274
9.4.4
Concluding remarks
275
9.5
Non-equity cooperative agreements
277
9.5.1
Buyer/seller agreements
277
9.5.2
Strategic alliances
281
9.6
The choice between acquisitions, alliances and greenfield investment
286
Contents ix
9.7
A note on cross-border cartels and collusion
287
9.8
Conclusions
289
PART III THE IMPACT OF
MNE
ACTIVITY
10
FDI, growth and development
295
10.1
Introduction
295
10.2
A new paradigm of development
297
10.3
Institutions and economic growth
300
10.3.1
Formal institutions
301
10.3.2
Informal institutions and social capital
304
10.4
Institutional quality and the ability to attract FDI
308
10.4.1
Good governance
309
10.4.2
Bad governance
310
10.4.3
Conclusion
314
10.5
Economic growth and inbound FDI
314
10.5.1
How does FDI affect growth?
315
10.5.2
Empirical evidence
316
10.5.3
Conclusions
317
10.6
The
OLI
paradigm revisited
318
10.6.1
O-specific advantages
320
10.6.2
L-specific advantages
323
10.6.3
I-related advantages
327
10.7
The investment development path
330
10.7.1
Stages of the IDP
330
10.7.2
Institutions and the IDP
336
10.8
Conclusions
338
11
Technology and innovatory capacity: the role of firms
340
11.1
Introduction
340
11.1.1
Direct and indirect effects
341
11.1.2
Some stylised facts
342
11.1.3
Some definitions and a taxonomy of technology
343
11.2
The distribution of technological capacity
345
11.2.1
R&D expenditures
345
11.2.2
Training of scientists and engineers
349
11.2.3
Patenting
351
11.2.4
Royalties and licence fees
354
11.3
The impact of MNEs on host country technological capacity
356
11.3.1
Share of foreign affiliates in funding and performing R&D
358
11.3.2
R&D intensity of foreign affiliates
360
11.3.3
Spillovers to local firms
361
11.4
The transfer and adaptation of technology by MNEs
362
11.4.1
Market size and characteristics
363
11.4.2
Factor availability and price differentials
364
11.4.3
Institutional and cultural differences
366
x
Contents
11.5 Motivation,
type and organisation of affiliate R&D
368
11.5.1
Motivations for affiliate R&D
369
11.5.2
Types of R&D performed by affiliates
370
11.5.3
Organisation of affiliate R&D
372
11.6
The
internationalisation
of corporate R&D
374
11.6.1
Diversification and the technological profiles of MNEs
374
11.6.2
How international is corporate R&D?
376
11.7
External technology sourcing by MNEs
378
11.7.1
Motivations for R&D alliances
378
11.7.2
Trends in alliance activity
379
11.7.3
Choice between alliances and acquisitions
381
11.8
Conclusions
381
12
Technology and innovatory capacity: the role of government
383
12.1
Introduction
383
12.2
The role of government in host countries
383
12.2.1
The ability of governments to affect indigenous
technological capacity
384
12.2.2
Strategies of host governments
388
12.2.3
Developing countries and technological capabilities
397
12.3
The role of government in home countries
400
12.3.1
Effects of asset-exploiting investment
401
12.3.2
Effects of asset-augmenting investment
405
12.3.3
FDI as a means of domestic technological restructuring
409
12.4
Conclusions
411
13
Employment and human resource development
414
13.1
Introduction
414
13.2
Theoretical underpinnings
416
13.2.1
What is distinctive about MNEs? A reprise
416
13.2.2
A methodological note
419
13.3
Employment in MNEs
420
13.4
The employment effects of
MNE
activity on home countries
425
13.4.1
Earlier empirical evidence on home country employment
effects
428
13.4.2
Recent empirical evidence on home country employment
effects
430
13.4.3
The effects of outsourcing
433
13.4.4
Conclusions
435
13.5
The employment effects of
MNE
activity on host countries
436
13.5.1
Earlier empirical evidence on host country effects on
employment and wages
438
13.5.2
Wages, productivity and skills: recent evidence
441
13.5.3
Conclusions
443
13.6
Employment conditions
444
13.6.1
The training practices of MNEs
444
Contents xi
13.6.2
Working practices and
standards
450
13.6.3
Labour-management relations
452
13.7
ILO
core labour standards
454
13.7.1
Sweatshops and EPZs
456
13.7.2
Child labour
458
13.8
MNEs and human resource development: some policy
considerations
459
14
The balance of payments and the structure of trade
463
14.1
Introduction
463
14.2
A methodological note
464
14.2.1
Measuring the direct effects of
MNE
activity
464
14.2.2
Assessing the opportunity cost of external transactions
by MNEs
466
14.3
Measuring the transactions of MNEs
469
14.3.1
Identifying and evaluating the transactions in the
home and host countries: some analytical issues
469
14.3.2
Some empirical results: home countries
474
14.3.3
Some empirical results: host countries
478
14.4
Intra-firm trade
482
14.4.1
The determinants of intra-firm trade
482
14.4.2
Empirical evidence of the extent of intra-firm trade
484
14.4.3
The implications of intra-firm trade
489
14.5
MNEs and the structure of trade
490
14.5.1
The distribution of
MNE
activity across sectors
491
14.5.2
The export intensity of foreign affiliates and indigenous firms
493
14.6
A policy footnote
496
14.6.1
Macroeconomic
policies and MNEs
496
14.6.2
The stability of the global financial system
498
14.7
Conclusions: the evolution of trade and FDI linkages
500
15
Market structure, performance and business practices
503
15.1
Introduction
503
15.2
A conceptual framework
504
15.3
MNEs and allocative efficiency
506
15.3.1
Inter-sectoral efficiency
507
15.3.2
Intra-sectoral efficiency
511
15.3.3
Effects on the home country
513
15.3.4
Conclusions
516
15.4
MNEs and technical efficiency
517
15.4.1
Evidence of productivity gaps
518
15.4.2
The impact of acquisitions on productivity
523
15.4.3
Evidence of profitability gaps
524
15.5
MNEs and market structure
530
15.5.1
Market concentration
531
15.5.2
Product differentiation
537
xii
Contents
15.5.3
Entry and exit barriers
538
15.5.4
Competitive effects and crowding out in the host
market
539
15.6
Conduct and business practices of MNEs
542
15.7
Conclusions
548
16
Linkages, spillovers and clustering
551
16.1
Introduction
551
16.2
Backward and forward linkages to local firms
554
16.2.1
Backward linkages to local suppliers
554
16.2.2
Forward linkages with customers
569
16.2.3
Effects on the productivity of local suppliers
573
16.3
The spillover effects of
MNE
activity
579
16.3.1
Some general remarks
579
16.3.2
How might indigenous firms be affected?
580
16.3.3
Some issues of measurement
582
16.3.4
Earlier econometric evidence of productivity spillovers
584
16.3.5
Recent econometric evidence of productivity spillovers
585
16.3.6
Some policy considerations
592
16.4
Clustering of economic activity
593
16.4.1
Introduction
593
16.4.2
MNE
location choice and agglomeration
594
16.4.3
Measuring agglomeration
597
16.4.4
Knowledge spillovers and agglomeration
599
16.4.5
Regions and innovation
600
16.4.6
A note on policy
602
16.5
Summary and conclusions
603
17
Distribution of the value added created by MNEs
606
17.1
Introduction
606
17.2
The impact of government policy on national value added
by MNEs
608
17.2.1
A host country perspective
608
17.2.2
A home country perspective
610
17.2.3
Recent trends in corporate taxation
612
17.2.4
The response of MNEs to taxation differentials
614
17.2.5
National tax strategy in a global economy
619
17.3
Transfer pricing
620
17.3.1
Introduction
620
17.3.2
The motivation for TPM
621
17.3.3
The opportunities for transfer pricing
623
17.3.4
The constraints on TPM
624
17.3.5
The evidence for TPM
625
17.4
Policies of governments towards TPM
629
17.4.1
Unilateral policies
629
17.4.2
Supranational action
633
Contents xiii
17.4.3
Indirect
economie
effects of
ТРМ
634
17.4.4
Challenges for the future
635
17.5
Conclusions
635
18
Political, cultural and social responsibility issues
637
18.1
Introduction
637
18.2
MNEs and sovereignty
638
18.2.1
Economic welfare and sovereignty
638
18.2.2
Economic autonomy and/or independence
639
18.3
MNEs and strategic interests
642
18.3.1
National security
643
18.4
The cultural and institutional influence of MNEs
647
18.5
MNEs and corporate social responsibility
649
18.5.1
Introduction
649
18.5.2
The business case for social responsibility
650
18.5.3
Whose standards should apply?
653
18.5.4
Evidence on the contribution of MNEs to social issues
655
18.5.5
Limits to the market for virtue
658
18.6
Conclusions
660
PART IV IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY
19
Governments and
MNE
activity: the unilateral response
665
19.1
Introduction
665
19.2
Some theoretical issues
666
19.2.1
A further application of the
OLI
paradigm
666
19.2.2
A schematic framework
668
19.2.3
A bargaining model
670
19.3
Interaction between host governments and MNEs
674
19.3.1
The changing scenario over the past
40
years
674
19.3.2
Policies specifically directed to affect inward direct
investment
681
19.3.3
General policies of host governments as a consequence
of the growth of inward direct investment
688
19.4
Actions of home governments towards outward direct investment
691
19.5
The changing political economy of foreign investment
694
19.5.1
Sovereignty at bay in the digital economy
694
19.5.2
States, firms and civil society
696
19.6
The case of extra-territoriality: how might home/host differences be
reconciled?
697
19.6.1
Introduction
697
19.6.2
Export embargoes
698
19.6.3
Application of anti-trust policy
700
19.6.4
Responsibility for human rights violations
702
19.6.5
Other areas of conflict
703
19.7
Conclusions
704
xiv Contents
20
Governments and
MNE
activity: the multilateral response
707
20.1
Introduction 707
20.2
Multinational actions to assist the bargaining power of host countries
708
20.2.1
Collective action by countries
708
20.2.2
Assisting national governments to re-evaluate their
domestic policies
709
20.2.3
Codes and guidelines
710
20.2.4
Anew international governance structure?
712
20.3
Collective investment supporting or market-facilitating schemes
712
20.4
Regional integration
714
20.4.1
Introduction
714
20.4.2
The determinants of the international allocation of
economic activity
715
20.4.3
The role of MNEs in influencing the international
allocation of activity
717
20.4.4
Recent efforts at
regionalisation
719
20.4.5
Regional agreements and the multilateral system
721
20.5
Setting the conditions for international investment: the role
of multilateral institutions
722
20.5.1
Investment-related measures under the WTO
722
20.5.2
The prospects for a multilateral agreement on investment
726
20.5.3
Commitments under the Kyoto protocol
728
20.6
Conclusions: towards a new multilateral governance
730
PART V LOOKING AHEAD
21
The future of MNEs in a global economy
735
21.1
Introduction: the five stages in the evolution of the global economy
735
21.1.1
Stage
1:
up to
1914 735
21.1.2
Stage
2:
Inter-war years
736
21.1.3
Stage
3: 1945
to late
1960s 737
21.1.4
Stage
4:
from late
1960s
to
mid-1980s 738
21.1.5
Stage
5: mid-1980s
to date
739
21.2
The determinants of international production: a reprise
740
21.3
Contemporary developments
742
21.3.1
Technological advances
742
21.3.2
Economic development
745
21.3.3
New organisational forms
748
21.3.4
The role of government
750
21.4
Challenges for scholarship in the 21st century
758
21.5
Conclusions
761
Notes
765
References
817
Index
891
This thoroughly updated and revised
edition of a widely acclaimed, classic
text will be required reading for
academics, policymakers and advanced
students of international business
worldwide. Employing a distinctive
and unified framework, this book draws
together research across a range of
academic fields to offer a synthesis of
the determinants of
MNE
activity, and
its effects on the economic and social
well-being of developed and developing
countries. Unique to the new edition is
its focus on the institutional underpinnings
of the resources and capabilities of
MNEs, and the role of
MNE
activity in
transmitting and facilitating institutional
change.
Since the initial publication of this book
more than a decade ago, the economic,
managerial and social implications of
globalisation and technological
advancement have become even more
varied and prominent. Accompanying
these developments, there has been a
rise in scholarly interest in interdisciplinary
research addressing the important
challenges of an ever-changing physical
and human environment. Drawing on
articles and books from international
business and economics, as well as
economic geography, political economy
and strategic management, a systematic
overview of the developments in
scholarly thinking is presented, while
also highlighting the emerging topical
issues and methodologies.
John H.
Dunning is Emeritus Esmee
Fairbairn Professor of International
Investment and Business Studies
at the University of Reading, UK
and Emeritus State of New Jersey
Professor of International Business at
Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Newark, USA.
Sarianna
M. Lundan
is Associate
Professor of International Business
Strategy at Maastricht University, The
Netherlands and Associate Research
Fellow at ETLA, the Research Institute
of the Finnish Economy, Helsinki,
Finland.
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of figures
xv
List of tables
xvi
List of boxes
xviii
List of abbreviations
xix
Acknowledgements
xxi
Introduction to the second edition
xxii
PART I FACTS, THEORY AND HISTORY
1
Definitions and sources of data
3
1.1
The nature of a multinational enterprise
3
1.1.1
A working definition
3
1.1.2
The distinctive features of an
MNE
5
1.1.3
Forms of foreign involvement by MNEs
7
1.2
Measuring the extent and pattern of multinational activity
9
1.2.1
Sources and types of data
9
1.2.2
Deficiencies in the quality of statistical data on FDI
12
1.2.3
Size and stability of foreign investment flows
15
2
The extent and pattern of foreign direct investment
17
2.1
Introduction
17
2.2
A general overview
17
2.2.1
The position in the beginning of the
21
st century
17
2.2.2
General trends
19
2.3
The leading outward investors
23
2.3.1
The facts
23
2.3.2
The significance of outward direct investment to home
countries
27
2.4
The leading inward investors
29
2.4.1
The facts
29
2.4.2
The significance of inward direct investment for host countries
33
2.5
The balance between outward and inward direct investment
34
2.6
The sectoral composition of outward and inward investment
35
2.6.1
The main orders of economic activity
35
2.6.2
The composition of FDI within broad industrial sectors
38
2.7
Some country-specific differences in the geography of foreign
investment
48
2.7.1
Outward direct investment
48
2.7.2
Inward direct investment
49
Contents
2.8
The world's leading MNEs
54
2.8.1
The transnationality index
61
2.8.2
The rise and decline of state-owned enterprises
61
3
The motives for foreign production
63
3.1
Introduction
63
3.2
Why do firms wish to engage in foreign production?
63
3.3
The main types of foreign production
67
3.3.1
The natural resource seekers
68
3.3.2
The market seekers
69
3.3.3
The efficiency seekers
72
3.3.4
The strategic asset seekers
72
3.3.5
Other motives for
MNE
activity
74
3.4
The political economy of outward FDI
77
3.5
Conclusions
78
4
Theories of foreign direct investment
79
4.1
Introduction
79
4.2
Theories of the
MNE
and
MNE
activity:
1960-76 82
4.2.1
Prior to the
1960s 82
4.2.2
The contribution of Hymer
83
4.2.3
The product cycle
85
4.2.4
Follow-up developments
86
4.2.5
Other theoretical contributions: a selected view
89
4.3
General explanations of
MNE
activity
93
4.3.1
Internalisation theory
93
4.3.2
The eclectic or
OLI
paradigm
95
4.3.3
A macroeconomic approach to understanding
MNE
activity
109
4.4
A note on an evolutionary approach to explaining
MNE
activity 111
4.5
Issues resolved and unresolved by received theory
113
5
The determinants of
MNE
activity: the
OLI
paradigm revisited
116
5.1
Introduction
116
5.2
New theoretical perspectives
117
5.2.1
Cooperative relationships and I advantages
117
5.2.2
The resource-based view and dynamic
О
advantages
120
5.2.3
The knowledge-based theory of the firm and dynamic
О
advantages
122
5.3
Institutions in international business
123
5.3.1
Why focus on institutions?
125
5.3.2
Institutions in the international business literature
126
5.4
Incorporating institutions into the
OLI
paradigm
129
5.4.1
Institutions defined
129
5.4.2
Ownership-specific advantages
131
5.4.3
Locational factors
137
Contents
vii
5.4.4 Internalisation
factors
140
5.4.5
Propositions regarding institutional transfer and change
142
5.5
Conclusions
143
6
The emergence and maturing of international production: an historical
excursion
145
6.1
Introduction
145
6.2
Colonising and merchant capitalism
146
6.3
The early 19th century: the forerunners of the modern
MNE
149
6.3.1
Introduction
149
6.3.2
The individual entrepreneurs
150
6.3.3
The finance capitalists
151
6.3.4
The embryonic MNEs
152
6.4
From
1870
onwards: the modern
MNE
emerges
154
6.4.1
New technological and organisational advances
154
6.4.2
Market-seeking investments
157
6.4.3
Resource-seeking investments
163
6.4.4
Other investments
170
6.4.5
The position prior to
1914:
a résumé
172
6.5
The maturing of foreign production:
1918-39 176
6.5.1
Introduction
176
6.5.2
Market-seeking investments
179
6.5.3
Resource-based investments
183
6.5.4
Other investments
183
6.5.5
The inter-war years: conclusions
184
6.6
The early post-war period:
1945-60 185
6.6.1
Some facts
185
6.6.2
Changes in the organisation of international business
186
6.6.3
Changes in locational determinants
188
6.7
Towards the globalisation of production:
1960-2000 189
6.7.1
Introduction
189
6.7.2
Changes in organisational form
191
6.7.3
Recent locational changes
194
6.8
Conclusions
196
PART II INSIDE THE MULTINATIONAL ENTERPRISE
7
Entry and expansion strategies of MNEs
201
7.1
Introduction
201
7.2
The concept of business strategy
202
7.3
The value-added chain
205
7.3.1
Some general principles
205
7.3.2
Value-added networks and
MNE
activity
206
7.4
Analysis of the
internationalisation
process
212
7.4.1
Introduction
212
7.4.2
Learning in the
internationalisation
process
212
viii Contents
7.4.3
A network
approach to the multinational firm
213
7.4.4
Phase
1:
exports and foreign sourcing
215
7.4.5
Phase
2 :
investment in marketing and distribution
218
7.4.6
Phase
3:
foreign production of intermediate goods and services
221
7.4.7
Phase
4:
deepening and widening of the value-added network
223
7.4.8
Phase
5:
the integrated network multinational
227
7.5
Conclusions
231
8
The organisation of
MNE
activity: the internal network
233
8.1
Introduction
233
8.2
The organisational function: some general observations
234
8.2.1
The need for an organisational structure
234
8.2.2
Strategic responses to organisational needs
236
8.3
Organisational structures of MNEs
238
8.3.1
Some general points
238
8.3.2
Organisational governance of domestic firms
239
8.3.3
The impact of
internationalisation on
organisational
governance
241
8.3.4
The organisational structure of global firms
243
8.3.5
Organisational structures:
a résumé
248
8.4
The locus of decision making
249
8.4.1
Introduction
249
8.4.2
An economic approach to decision making
250
8.4.3
A strategic approach to decision making
252
8.5
Affiliate roles and evolution
253
8.5.1
Introduction
253
8.5.2
Affiliate autonomy
254
8.5.3
Knowledge transfer
256
8.6
Conclusions
258
9
The organisation of
MNE
activity: the external network
260
9.1
Introduction
260
9.2
The spectrum of organisational modes: cooperation and competition
260
9.3
Cooperative agreements: some theoretical and methodological
considerations
264
9.3.1
Transaction costs and resource attributes
264
9.3.2
Some methodological issues
267
9.4
Joint equity ventures
269
9.4.1
Why do firms enter into joint ventures?
269
9.4.2
When are joint ventures likely to succeed?
272
9.4.3
Cultural and institutional influences in joint ventures
274
9.4.4
Concluding remarks
275
9.5
Non-equity cooperative agreements
277
9.5.1
Buyer/seller agreements
277
9.5.2
Strategic alliances
281
9.6
The choice between acquisitions, alliances and greenfield investment
286
Contents ix
9.7
A note on cross-border cartels and collusion
287
9.8
Conclusions
289
PART III THE IMPACT OF
MNE
ACTIVITY
10
FDI, growth and development
295
10.1
Introduction
295
10.2
A new paradigm of development
297
10.3
Institutions and economic growth
300
10.3.1
Formal institutions
301
10.3.2
Informal institutions and social capital
304
10.4
Institutional quality and the ability to attract FDI
308
10.4.1
Good governance
309
10.4.2
Bad governance
310
10.4.3
Conclusion
314
10.5
Economic growth and inbound FDI
314
10.5.1
How does FDI affect growth?
315
10.5.2
Empirical evidence
316
10.5.3
Conclusions
317
10.6
The
OLI
paradigm revisited
318
10.6.1
O-specific advantages
320
10.6.2
L-specific advantages
323
10.6.3
I-related advantages
327
10.7
The investment development path
330
10.7.1
Stages of the IDP
330
10.7.2
Institutions and the IDP
336
10.8
Conclusions
338
11
Technology and innovatory capacity: the role of firms
340
11.1
Introduction
340
11.1.1
Direct and indirect effects
341
11.1.2
Some stylised facts
342
11.1.3
Some definitions and a taxonomy of technology
343
11.2
The distribution of technological capacity
345
11.2.1
R&D expenditures
345
11.2.2
Training of scientists and engineers
349
11.2.3
Patenting
351
11.2.4
Royalties and licence fees
354
11.3
The impact of MNEs on host country technological capacity
356
11.3.1
Share of foreign affiliates in funding and performing R&D
358
11.3.2
R&D intensity of foreign affiliates
360
11.3.3
Spillovers to local firms
361
11.4
The transfer and adaptation of technology by MNEs
362
11.4.1
Market size and characteristics
363
11.4.2
Factor availability and price differentials
364
11.4.3
Institutional and cultural differences
366
x
Contents
11.5 Motivation,
type and organisation of affiliate R&D
368
11.5.1
Motivations for affiliate R&D
369
11.5.2
Types of R&D performed by affiliates
370
11.5.3
Organisation of affiliate R&D
372
11.6
The
internationalisation
of corporate R&D
374
11.6.1
Diversification and the technological profiles of MNEs
374
11.6.2
How international is corporate R&D?
376
11.7
External technology sourcing by MNEs
378
11.7.1
Motivations for R&D alliances
378
11.7.2
Trends in alliance activity
379
11.7.3
Choice between alliances and acquisitions
381
11.8
Conclusions
381
12
Technology and innovatory capacity: the role of government
383
12.1
Introduction
383
12.2
The role of government in host countries
383
12.2.1
The ability of governments to affect indigenous
technological capacity
384
12.2.2
Strategies of host governments
388
12.2.3
Developing countries and technological capabilities
397
12.3
The role of government in home countries
400
12.3.1
Effects of asset-exploiting investment
401
12.3.2
Effects of asset-augmenting investment
405
12.3.3
FDI as a means of domestic technological restructuring
409
12.4
Conclusions
411
13
Employment and human resource development
414
13.1
Introduction
414
13.2
Theoretical underpinnings
416
13.2.1
What is distinctive about MNEs? A reprise
416
13.2.2
A methodological note
419
13.3
Employment in MNEs
420
13.4
The employment effects of
MNE
activity on home countries
425
13.4.1
Earlier empirical evidence on home country employment
effects
428
13.4.2
Recent empirical evidence on home country employment
effects
430
13.4.3
The effects of outsourcing
433
13.4.4
Conclusions
435
13.5
The employment effects of
MNE
activity on host countries
436
13.5.1
Earlier empirical evidence on host country effects on
employment and wages
438
13.5.2
Wages, productivity and skills: recent evidence
441
13.5.3
Conclusions
443
13.6
Employment conditions
444
13.6.1
The training practices of MNEs
444
Contents xi
13.6.2
Working practices and
standards
450
13.6.3
Labour-management relations
452
13.7
ILO
core labour standards
454
13.7.1
Sweatshops and EPZs
456
13.7.2
Child labour
458
13.8
MNEs and human resource development: some policy
considerations
459
14
The balance of payments and the structure of trade
463
14.1
Introduction
463
14.2
A methodological note
464
14.2.1
Measuring the direct effects of
MNE
activity
464
14.2.2
Assessing the opportunity cost of external transactions
by MNEs
466
14.3
Measuring the transactions of MNEs
469
14.3.1
Identifying and evaluating the transactions in the
home and host countries: some analytical issues
469
14.3.2
Some empirical results: home countries
474
14.3.3
Some empirical results: host countries
478
14.4
Intra-firm trade
482
14.4.1
The determinants of intra-firm trade
482
14.4.2
Empirical evidence of the extent of intra-firm trade
484
14.4.3
The implications of intra-firm trade
489
14.5
MNEs and the structure of trade
490
14.5.1
The distribution of
MNE
activity across sectors
491
14.5.2
The export intensity of foreign affiliates and indigenous firms
493
14.6
A policy footnote
496
14.6.1
Macroeconomic
policies and MNEs
496
14.6.2
The stability of the global financial system
498
14.7
Conclusions: the evolution of trade and FDI linkages
500
15
Market structure, performance and business practices
503
15.1
Introduction
503
15.2
A conceptual framework
504
15.3
MNEs and allocative efficiency
506
15.3.1
Inter-sectoral efficiency
507
15.3.2
Intra-sectoral efficiency
511
15.3.3
Effects on the home country
513
15.3.4
Conclusions
516
15.4
MNEs and technical efficiency
517
15.4.1
Evidence of productivity gaps
518
15.4.2
The impact of acquisitions on productivity
523
15.4.3
Evidence of profitability gaps
524
15.5
MNEs and market structure
530
15.5.1
Market concentration
531
15.5.2
Product differentiation
537
xii
Contents
15.5.3
Entry and exit barriers
538
15.5.4
Competitive effects and crowding out in the host
market
539
15.6
Conduct and business practices of MNEs
542
15.7
Conclusions
548
16
Linkages, spillovers and clustering
551
16.1
Introduction
551
16.2
Backward and forward linkages to local firms
554
16.2.1
Backward linkages to local suppliers
554
16.2.2
Forward linkages with customers
569
16.2.3
Effects on the productivity of local suppliers
573
16.3
The spillover effects of
MNE
activity
579
16.3.1
Some general remarks
579
16.3.2
How might indigenous firms be affected?
580
16.3.3
Some issues of measurement
582
16.3.4
Earlier econometric evidence of productivity spillovers
584
16.3.5
Recent econometric evidence of productivity spillovers
585
16.3.6
Some policy considerations
592
16.4
Clustering of economic activity
593
16.4.1
Introduction
593
16.4.2
MNE
location choice and agglomeration
594
16.4.3
Measuring agglomeration
597
16.4.4
Knowledge spillovers and agglomeration
599
16.4.5
Regions and innovation
600
16.4.6
A note on policy
602
16.5
Summary and conclusions
603
17
Distribution of the value added created by MNEs
606
17.1
Introduction
606
17.2
The impact of government policy on national value added
by MNEs
608
17.2.1
A host country perspective
608
17.2.2
A home country perspective
610
17.2.3
Recent trends in corporate taxation
612
17.2.4
The response of MNEs to taxation differentials
614
17.2.5
National tax strategy in a global economy
619
17.3
Transfer pricing
620
17.3.1
Introduction
620
17.3.2
The motivation for TPM
621
17.3.3
The opportunities for transfer pricing
623
17.3.4
The constraints on TPM
624
17.3.5
The evidence for TPM
625
17.4
Policies of governments towards TPM
629
17.4.1
Unilateral policies
629
17.4.2
Supranational action
633
Contents xiii
17.4.3
Indirect
economie
effects of
ТРМ
634
17.4.4
Challenges for the future
635
17.5
Conclusions
635
18
Political, cultural and social responsibility issues
637
18.1
Introduction
637
18.2
MNEs and sovereignty
638
18.2.1
Economic welfare and sovereignty
638
18.2.2
Economic autonomy and/or independence
639
18.3
MNEs and strategic interests
642
18.3.1
National security
643
18.4
The cultural and institutional influence of MNEs
647
18.5
MNEs and corporate social responsibility
649
18.5.1
Introduction
649
18.5.2
The'business case'for social responsibility
650
18.5.3
Whose standards should apply?
653
18.5.4
Evidence on the contribution of MNEs to social issues
655
18.5.5
Limits to the market for virtue
658
18.6
Conclusions
660
PART IV IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY
19
Governments and
MNE
activity: the unilateral response
665
19.1
Introduction
665
19.2
Some theoretical issues
666
19.2.1
A further application of the
OLI
paradigm
666
19.2.2
A schematic framework
668
19.2.3
A bargaining model
670
19.3
Interaction between host governments and MNEs
674
19.3.1
The changing scenario over the past
40
years
674
19.3.2
Policies specifically directed to affect inward direct
investment
681
19.3.3
General policies of host governments as a consequence
of the growth of inward direct investment
688
19.4
Actions of home governments towards outward direct investment
691
19.5
The changing political economy of foreign investment
694
19.5.1
Sovereignty at bay in the digital economy
694
19.5.2
States, firms and civil society
696
19.6
The case of extra-territoriality: how might home/host differences be
reconciled?
697
19.6.1
Introduction
697
19.6.2
Export embargoes
698
19.6.3
Application of anti-trust policy
700
19.6.4
Responsibility for human rights violations
702
19.6.5
Other areas of conflict
703
19.7
Conclusions
704
xiv Contents
20
Governments and
MNE
activity: the multilateral response
707
20.1
Introduction 707
20.2
Multinational actions to assist the bargaining power of host countries
708
20.2.1
Collective action by countries
708
20.2.2
Assisting national governments to re-evaluate their
domestic policies
709
20.2.3
Codes and guidelines
710
20.2.4
Anew international governance structure?
712
20.3
Collective investment supporting or market-facilitating schemes
712
20.4
Regional integration
714
20.4.1
Introduction
714
20.4.2
The determinants of the international allocation of
economic activity
715
20.4.3
The role of MNEs in influencing the international
allocation of activity
717
20.4.4
Recent efforts at
regionalisation
719
20.4.5
Regional agreements and the multilateral system
721
20.5
Setting the conditions for international investment: the role
of multilateral institutions
722
20.5.1
Investment-related measures under the WTO
722
20.5.2
The prospects for a multilateral agreement on investment
726
20.5.3
Commitments under the Kyoto protocol
728
20.6
Conclusions: towards a new multilateral governance
730
PART V LOOKING AHEAD
21
The future of MNEs in a global economy
735
21.1
Introduction: the five stages in the evolution of the global economy
735
21.1.1
Stage
1:
up to
1914 735
21.1.2
Stage
2:
Inter-war years
736
21.1.3
Stage
3: 1945
to late
1960s 737
21.1.4
Stage
4:
from late
1960s
to
mid-1980s 738
21.1.5
Stage
5: mid-1980s
to date
739
21.2
The determinants of international production: a reprise
740
21.3
Contemporary developments
742
21.3.1
Technological advances
742
21.3.2
Economic development
745
21.3.3
New organisational forms
748
21.3.4
The role of government
750
21.4
Challenges for scholarship in the 21st century
758
21.5
Conclusions
761
Notes
765
References
817
Index
891
This thoroughly updated and revised
edition of a widely acclaimed, classic
text will be required reading for
academics, policymakers and advanced
students of international business
worldwide. Employing a distinctive
and unified framework, this book draws
together research across a range of
academic fields to offer a synthesis of
the determinants of
MNE
activity, and
its effects on the economic and social
well-being of developed and developing
countries. Unique to the new edition is
its focus on the institutional underpinnings
of the resources and capabilities of
MNEs, and the role of
MNE
activity in
transmitting and facilitating institutional
change.
Since the initial publication of this book
more than a decade ago, the economic,
managerial and social implications of
globalisation and technological
advancement have become even more
varied and prominent. Accompanying
these developments, there has been a
rise in scholarly interest in interdisciplinary
research addressing the important
challenges of an ever-changing physical
and human environment. Drawing on
articles and books from international
business and economics, as well as
economic geography, political economy
and strategic management, a systematic
overview of the developments in
scholarly thinking is presented, while
also highlighting the emerging topical
issues and methodologies.
John H.
Dunning is Emeritus Esmee
Fairbairn Professor of International
Investment and Business Studies
at the University of Reading, UK
and Emeritus State of New Jersey
Professor of International Business at
Rutgers, The State University
of New Jersey, Newark, USA.
Sarianna
M. Lundan
is Associate
Professor of International Business
Strategy at Maastricht University, The
Netherlands and Associate Research
Fellow at ETLA, the Research Institute
of the Finnish Economy, Helsinki,
Finland. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Dunning, John H. 1927-2009 Lundan, Sarianna M. |
| author_GND | (DE-588)119094665 (DE-588)135757002 |
| author_facet | Dunning, John H. 1927-2009 Lundan, Sarianna M. |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Dunning, John H. 1927-2009 |
| author_variant | j h d jh jhd s m l sm sml |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV023030830 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HD2755 |
| callnumber-raw | HD2755.5 |
| callnumber-search | HD2755.5 |
| callnumber-sort | HD 42755.5 |
| callnumber-subject | HD - Industries, Land Use, Labor |
| classification_rvk | QM 355 QP 305 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)880506841 (DE-599)BVBBV023030830 |
| dewey-full | 338.88 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
| dewey-raw | 338.88 |
| dewey-search | 338.88 |
| dewey-sort | 3338.88 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 2. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV023030830 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T19:16:54Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:09:23Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781847201225 9781843765257 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016234717 |
| oclc_num | 880506841 |
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| physical | XXVI, 920 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Elgar |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Dunning, John H. 1927-2009 Verfasser (DE-588)119094665 aut Multinational enterprises and the global economy John H. Dunning ; Sarianna M. Lundan 2. ed. Cheltenham [u.a.] Elgar 2008 XXVI, 920 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Internationale economie gtt Internationale ondernemingen gtt Multinationales Unternehmen Weltwirtschaft International business enterprises International economic relations Weltwirtschaft (DE-588)4065468-0 gnd rswk-swf Produktion (DE-588)4047347-8 gnd rswk-swf Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd rswk-swf Welthandel (DE-588)4065365-1 gnd rswk-swf Internationalisierung (DE-588)4162106-2 gnd rswk-swf Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 s Welthandel (DE-588)4065365-1 s DE-604 Weltwirtschaft (DE-588)4065468-0 s Internationalisierung (DE-588)4162106-2 s 1\p DE-604 Produktion (DE-588)4047347-8 s 2\p DE-604 Lundan, Sarianna M. Verfasser (DE-588)135757002 aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016234717&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016234717&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk 2\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Dunning, John H. 1927-2009 Lundan, Sarianna M. Multinational enterprises and the global economy Internationale economie gtt Internationale ondernemingen gtt Multinationales Unternehmen Weltwirtschaft International business enterprises International economic relations Weltwirtschaft (DE-588)4065468-0 gnd Produktion (DE-588)4047347-8 gnd Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd Welthandel (DE-588)4065365-1 gnd Internationalisierung (DE-588)4162106-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4065468-0 (DE-588)4047347-8 (DE-588)4075092-9 (DE-588)4065365-1 (DE-588)4162106-2 |
| title | Multinational enterprises and the global economy |
| title_auth | Multinational enterprises and the global economy |
| title_exact_search | Multinational enterprises and the global economy |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Multinational enterprises and the global economy |
| title_full | Multinational enterprises and the global economy John H. Dunning ; Sarianna M. Lundan |
| title_fullStr | Multinational enterprises and the global economy John H. Dunning ; Sarianna M. Lundan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Multinational enterprises and the global economy John H. Dunning ; Sarianna M. Lundan |
| title_short | Multinational enterprises and the global economy |
| title_sort | multinational enterprises and the global economy |
| topic | Internationale economie gtt Internationale ondernemingen gtt Multinationales Unternehmen Weltwirtschaft International business enterprises International economic relations Weltwirtschaft (DE-588)4065468-0 gnd Produktion (DE-588)4047347-8 gnd Multinationales Unternehmen (DE-588)4075092-9 gnd Welthandel (DE-588)4065365-1 gnd Internationalisierung (DE-588)4162106-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Internationale economie Internationale ondernemingen Multinationales Unternehmen Weltwirtschaft International business enterprises International economic relations Produktion Welthandel Internationalisierung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016234717&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016234717&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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