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OpenGL superbible: comprehensive tutorial and reference

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Wright, Richard S. (Author), Lipchak, Benjamin (Author), Haemel, Nicholas (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Upper Saddle River, NJ ; Munich [u.a.] Addison-Wesley 2007
Edition:	4. ed.
Subjects:	OpenGL Computação gráfica Computer graphics Computergrafik
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XXXVI, 1205 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780321498823 0321498828

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_version_	1804137189083185152
adam_text	OPENGL S L IIICPPIPI JE ? URCIIDIDLC FOURTH EDITION COMPREHENSIVE TUTORIAL AND REFERENCE RICHARD S. WRIGHT, JR. BENJAMIN LIPCHAK NICHOLAS HAEMEL AADDISON-WESLEY UPPER SADDLE RIVER, NJ * BOSTON * INDIANAPOLIS * SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK * TORONTO * MONTREAL * LONDON * MUNICH * PARIS * MADRID CAPETOWN * SYDNEY * TOKYO * SINGAPORE * MEXICO CITY CONTENTS XI TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE XXVII ABOUT THE AUTHORS XXXV INTRODUCTION 1 WHAT S NEW IN THIS EDITION 1 HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED 2 PART I: THE OLD TESTAMENT 2 PART II: THE NEW TESTAMENT 4 PART III: THE APOCRYPHA 4 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS BOOK 5 ABOUT THE COMPANION WEB SITE 5 PART I THE OLD TESTAMENT 7 1 INTRODUCTION TO 3D GRAPHICS AND OPENGL 9 A BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS 9 GOING ELECTRIC 10 GOING 3D 11 A SURVEY OF 3D EFFECTS 14 PERSPECTIVE 14 COLOR AND SHADING 15 LIGHT AND SHADOWS 15 TEXTURE MAPPING 16 FOG 17 BLENDING AND TRANSPARENCY 18 ANTIALIASING 18 COMMON USES FOR 3D GRAPHICS 19 REAL-TIME 3D 19 NON-REAL-TIME 3D 22 SHADERS 22 BASIC 3D PROGRAMMING PRINCIPLES 23 IMMEDIATE MODE AND RETAINED MODE 23 COORDINATE SYSTEMS 24 PROJECTIONS: GETTING 3D TO 2D 28 SUMMARY 30 XII OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION 2 USING OPENGL 33 WHAT IS OPENGL? 33 EVOLUTION OF A STANDARD 34 THE API WARS 36 THE FUTURE OF OPENGL 37 HOW DOES OPENGL WORK? 38 GENERIC IMPLEMENTATIONS 38 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS 39 THE PIPELINE 40 OPENGL: AN API, NOT A LANGUAGE 41 STANDARD LIBRARIES AND HEADERS 41 SOME HEADER CUSTOMIZATIONS 42 APISPECIFICS 43 DATA TYPES 44 FUNCTION-NAMING CONVENTIONS 45 PLATFORM INDEPENDENCE 46 USING GLUT 47 YOUR FIRST PROGRAM 48 DRAWING SHAPES WITH OPENGL 53 ANIMATION WITH OPENGL AND GLUT 61 DOUBLE BUFFERING 64 THE OPENGL STATE MACHINE 65 SAVING AND RESTORING STATES 66 OPENGL ERRORS 67 WHEN BAD THINGS HAPPEN TO GOOD CODE 67 IDENTIFYING THE VERSION 68 GETTING A CLUE WITH GLHINT 69 USING EXTENSIONS 69 CHECKING FOR AN EXTENSION 69 WHOSE EXTENSION IS THIS? 71 SUMMARY 71 3 DRAWING IN SPACE: GEOMETRIE PRIMITIVES AND BUEFFERS 73 DRAWING POINTS IN 3D 74 SETTING UP A 3D CANVAS 74 A 3D POINT: THE VERTEX 76 DRAW SOMETHING! 77 DRAWING POINTS 78 OUR FIRST EXAMPLE 78 CONTENTS XIII SETTING THE POINT SIZE 81 DRAWING LINES IN 3D 85 LINE STRIPS AND LOOPS 87 APPROXIMATING CURVES WITH STRAIGHT LINES 88 SETTING THE LINE WIDTH 89 LINE STIPPLING 91 DRAWING TRIANGLES IN 3D 94 TRIANGLES: YOUR FIRST POLYGON 94 WINDING 95 TRIANGLE STRIPS 96 TRIANGLE FANS 97 BUILDING SOLID OBJECTS 98 SETTING POLYGON COLORS 101 HIDDEN SURFACE REMOVAL 102 CULLING: HIDING SURFACES FOR PERFORMANCE 104 POLYGON MODES 107 OTHER PRIMITIVES 107 FOUR-SIDED POLYGONS: QUADS 108 QUAD STRIPS 108 GENERAL POLYGONS 108 FILLING POLYGONS, OR STIPPLING REVISITED 109 POLYGON CONSTRUCTION RULES 113 SUBDIVISION AND EDGES 114 OTHER BUFFER TRICKS 117 USING BUFFER TARGETS 117 MANIPULATING THE DEPTH BUFFER 119 CUTTING IT OUT WITH SCISSORS 119 USING THE STENCIL BUFFER 121 CREATING THE STENCIL PATTERN 122 SUMMARY 126 4 GEOMETRIE TRANSFORMATIONS: THE PIPELINE 127 IS THIS THE DREADED MATH CHAPTER? 127 UNDERSTANDING TRANSFORMATIONS 128 EYE COORDINATES 129 VIEWING TRANSFORMATIONS 130 MODELING TRANSFORMATIONS 130 THE MODELVIEW DUALITY 132 PROJECTION TRANSFORMATIONS 132 VIEWPORT TRANSFORMATIONS 134 XIV OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION THE MATRIX: MATHEMATICAL CURRENCY FOR 3D GRAPHICS 134 WHAT IS A MATRIX? 134 THE TRANSFORMATION PIPELINE 135 THE MODELVIEW MATRIX 136 THE IDENTITY MATRIX 140 THE MATRIX STACKS 142 A NUCLEAR EXAMPLE 143 USING PROJECTIONS 146 ORTHOGRAPHIE PROJECTIONS 147 PERSPECTIVE PROJECTIONS 148 A FAR-OUT EXAMPLE 151 ADVANCED MATRIX MANIPULATION 154 LOADING A MATRIX 156 PERFORMING YOUR OWN TRANSFORMATIONS 157 ADDING TRANSFORMATIONS TOGETHER 160 MOVING AROUND IN OPENGL USING CAMERAS AND ACTORS 161 AN ACTOR FRAME 161 EULER ANGLES: USE THE FRAME, LUKE! 163 CAMERA MANAGEMENT 164 BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER 165 SUMMARY 171 5 COLOR, MATERIALS, AND LIGHTING: THE BASICS 173 WHAT IS COLOR? 174 LIGHT AS A WAVE 174 LIGHT AS A PARTICLE 175 YOUR PERSONAL PHOTON DETECTOR 176 THE COMPUTER AS A PHOTON GENERATOR 176 PC COLOR HARDWARE 177 PC DISPLAY MODES 179 SCREEN RESOLUTION 179 COLOR DEPTH 179 USING COLOR IN OPENGL 180 THE COLOR CUBE 180 SETTING THE DRAWING COLOR 182 SHADING 183 SETTING THE SHADING MODEL 185 COLOR IN THE REAL WORLD 186 AMBIENT LIGHT 187 DIFFUSE LIGHT 188 SPECULAR LIGHT 188 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 189 MATERIALS IN THE REAL WORLD 190 MATERIAL PROPERTIES 190 ADDING LIGHT TO MATERIALS 190 CALCULATING AMBIENT LIGHT EFFECTS 190 DIFFUSE AND SPECULAR EFFECTS 191 ADDING LIGHT TO A SCENE 192 ENABLING THE LIGHTING 192 SETTING UP COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION 192 SETTING MATERIAL PROPERTIES 193 USING A LIGHT SOURCE 196 WHICH WAY IS UP? 197 SURFACE NORMALS 197 SPECIFYING A NORMAL 198 UNIT NORMALS 201 FINDING A NORMAL 202 SETTING UP A SOURCE 203 SETTING THE MATERIAL PROPERTIES 205 SPECIFYING THE POLYGONS 205 LIGHTING EFFECTS 207 SPECULAR HIGHLIGHTS 207 SPECULAR LIGHT 208 SPECULAR REFLECTANCE 208 SPECULAR EXPONENT 209 NORMAL AVERAGING 211 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 213 CREATING A SPOTLIGHT 214 DRAWING A SPOTLIGHT 216 SHADOWS 221 WHAT IS A SHADOW? 222 SQUISHCODE 223 A SHADOW EXAMPLE 223 SPHERE WORLD REVISITED 227 SUMMARY 227 XVI OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION 6 MORE ON COLORS AND MATERIALS 229 BLENDING 229 COMBINING COLORS 230 CHANGING THE BLENDING EQUATION 234 ANTIALIASING 234 MULTISAMPLE 238 APPLYING FOG 240 FOG EQUATIONS 242 FOG COORDINATES 244 ACCUMULATION BUFFER 244 OTHER COLOR OPERATIONS 248 COLOR MASKING 248 COLOR LOGICAL OPERATIONS 248 ALPHA TESTING 249 DITHERING 250 SUMMARY 250 7 IMAGING WITH OPENGL 251 BITMAPS 252 BITMAPPED DATA 253 THE RASTER POSITION 256 PIXEL PACKING 257 PIXMAPS 258 PACKED PIXEL FORMATS 260 A MORE COLORFUL EXAMPLE 261 MOVING PIXELS AROUND 265 SAVING PIXELS 266 MORE FUN WITH PIXELS 268 PIXEL ZOOM 275 PIXEL TRANSFER 277 PIXEL MAPPING 281 THE IMAGING SUBSET AND PIPELINE 283 COLOR MATRIX 288 COLOR LOOKUP 289 PROXIES 290 OTHER OPERATIONS 291 CONVOLUTIONS 292 HISTOGRAM 297 MINMAX OPERATIONS 301 SUMMARY 301 CONTENTS XVII 8 TEXTURE MAPPING: THE BASICS 303 LOADING TEXTURES 304 USING THE COLOR BUFFER 307 UPDATING TEXTURES 307 MAPPING TEXTURES TO GEOMETRY 308 TEXTURE MATRIX 311 A SIMPLE 2D EXAMPLE 311 TEXTURE ENVIRONMENT 316 TEXTURE PARAMETERS 318 BASIC FILTERING 318 TEXTURE WRAP 320 CARTOONS WITH TEXTURE 321 MIPMAPPING 325 TEXTURE OBJECTS 330 MANAGING MULTIPLE TEXTURES 331 SUMMARY 339 9 TEXTURE MAPPING: BEYOND THE BASICS 341 SECONDARY COLOR 341 ANISOTROPIE FILTERING 344 TEXTURE COMPRESSION 347 COMPRESSING TEXTURES 348 LOADING COMPRESSED TEXTURES 349 TEXTURE COORDINATE GENERATION 350 OBJECT LINEAR MAPPING 354 EYE LINEAR MAPPING 355 SPHERE MAPPING 356 CUBE MAPPING 357 MULTITEXTURE 362 MULTIPLE TEXTURE COORDINATES 363 A MULTITEXTURED EXAMPLE 364 TEXTURE COMBINERS 369 POINT SPRITES 371 USING POINTS 372 TEXTURE APPLICATION 374 POINT PARAMETERS 374 SUMMARY 375 XVIII OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION 10 CURVES AND SURFACES 377 BUILT-IN SURFACES 378 SETTING QUADRIC STATES 379 DRAWING QUADRICS 381 MODELING WITH QUADRICS 385 BEZIER CURVES AND SURFACES 388 PARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION 388 EVALUATORS 391 NURBS 401 FROM BEZIER TO B-SPLINES 402 KNOTS 402 CREATING A NURBS SURFACE 403 NURBS PROPERTIES 404 DEFINING THE SURFACE 404 TRIMMING 406 NURBS CURVES 409 TESSELLATION 409 THE TESSELLATOR 411 TESSELLATOR CALLBACKS 412 SPECIFYING VERTEX DATA 413 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 414 SUMMARY 419 11 IT S ALL ABOUT THE PIPELINE: FASTER GEOMETRY THROUGHPUT 421 DISPLAY LISTS 422 BATCH PROCESSING 423 PREPROCESSED BATCHES 424 DISPLAY LIST CAVEATS 426 CONVERTING TO DISPLAY LISTS 426 VERTEX ARRAYS 428 LOADING THE GEOMETRY 432 ENABLING ARRAYS 432 WHERE S THE DATA? 433 PULL THE DATA AND DRAW 434 INDEXED VERTEX ARRAYS 435 VERTEX BUFFER OBJECTS 450 MANAGING AND USING BUFFER OBJECTS 450 BACK TO THE THUNDERBIRD! 452 SUMMARY 455 CONTENTS XIX 12 INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS 457 SELECTION 458 NAMING YOUR PRIMITIVES 458 WORKING WITH SELECTION MODE 460 THE SELECTION BUFFER 461 PICKING 464 HIERARCHICAL PICKING 466 FEEDBACK 471 THE FEEDBACK BUFFER 471 FEEDBACK DATA 472 PASSTHROUGH MARKERS 473 A FEEDBACK EXAMPLE 473 LABEL THE OBJECTS FOR FEEDBACK 473 STEP 1: SELECT THE OBJECT 476 STEP 2: GET FEEDBACK ON THE OBJECT 478 SUMMARY 480 13 OCCIUSION QUERIES: WHY DO MORE WORK THAN YOU NEED TO? 481 THE WORLD BEFORE OCCIUSION QUERIES 482 BOUNDING BOXES 485 QUERYING THE QUERY OBJECT 490 BEST PRACTICES 492 SUMMARY 493 14 DEPTH TEXTURES AND SHADOWS 495 BETHAT LIGHT 496 FIT THE SCENE TO THE WINDOW 496 NO BEILS OR WHISTLES, PLEASE 497 A NEW KIND OF TEXTURE 498 SIZE MATTERS 499 DRAW THE SHADOWS FIRST?! 500 AND THEN THERE WAS LIGHT 501 PROJECTING YOUR SHADOW MAP: THE WHY 501 PROJECTING YOUR SHADOW MAP: THE HOW 503 THE SHADOW COMPARISON 505 TWO OUT OF THREE AIN T BAD 509 A FEW WORDS ABOUT POLYGON OFFSET 510 SUMMARY 511 XX OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION PART II THE NEW TESTAMENT 513 15 PROGRAMMABLE PIPELINE: THIS ISN T YOUR FATHER S OPENGL 515 OUT WITH THE OLD 516 FIXED VERTEX PROCESSING 518 FIXED FRAGMENT PROCESSING 520 IN WITH THE NEW 521 PROGRAMMABLE VERTEX SHADERS 523 FIXED FUNCTIONALITY GLUE 524 PROGRAMMABLE FRAGMENT SHADERS 525 OPENGL SHADING LANGUAGE: A FIRST GLIMPSE 526 MANAGING GLSL SHADERS 528 SHADER OBJECTS 528 PROGRAM OBJECTS 530 VARIABLES 532 BASIC TYPES 532 STRUCTURES 534 ARRAYS 534 QUALIFIERS 535 BUILT-IN VARIABLES 536 EXPRESSIONS 537 OPERATORS 537 ARRAY ACCESS 538 CONSTRUCTORS 538 COMPONENT SELECTORS 540 CONTROLFLOW 541 LOOPS 541 IF/ELSE 542 DISCARD 542 FUNCTIONS 542 SUMMARY 545 16 VERTEX SHADING: DO-IT-YOURSELF TRANSFORM, LIGHTING, AND TEXGEN 547 GETTING YOUR FEET WET 548 DIFFUSE LIGHTING 549 SPECULAR LIGHTING 551 IMPROVED SPECULAR LIGHTING 553 PER-VERTEX FOG 557 PER-VERTEX POINT SIZE 560 CUSTOMIZED VERTEX TRANSFORMATION 561 VERTEX BLENDING 563 SUMMARY 566 17 FRAGMENT SHADING: EMPOWER YOUR PIXEL PROCESSING 567 COLOR CONVERSION 568 GRAYSCALE 568 SEPIA TONE 569 INVERSION 570 HEAT SIGNATURE 571 PER-FRAGMENT FOG 572 IMAGE PROCESSING 574 BLUR 575 SHARPEN 577 DILATION AND EROSION 578 EDGE DETECTION 580 LIGHTING 582 DIFFUSE LIGHTING 582 MULTIPLE SPECULAR LIGHTS 585 PROCEDURAL TEXTURE MAPPING 587 CHECKERBOARD TEXTURE 588 BEACH BALL TEXTURE 592 TOY BALL TEXTURE 595 SUMMARY 600 18 ADVANCED BUFFERS 601 PIXEL BUFFER OBJECTS 601 HOWTOUSEPBOS 602 THE BENEFITS OF PBOS 603 PBOS IN ACTION 604 OH, WHERE IS THE HOME WHERE THE PBOS ROAM? 608 FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 608 HOWTOUSEFBOS 609 OFFSCREEN RENDERING 613 RENDERING TO TEXTURES 615 MULTIPLE RENDER TARGETS 619 FLOATING-POINT TEXTURES 622 HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE 622 OPENEXR FILE FORMAT 623 TONE MAPPING 626 XXII OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION MAKING YOUR WHITES WHITER AND YOUR BRIGHTS BRIGHTER 630 DRAWING THE SCENE 630 BRIGHT PASS 633 GAUSSIAN BLUR WITH A LITTLE HELP 634 THE SUM IS GREATER THAN ITS PARTS 636 PBOS MAKE A COMEBACK 638 SUMMARY 638 PART III THE APOCRYPHA 639 19 WIGGLE: OPENGL ON WINDOWS 641 OPENGL IMPLEMENTATIONS ON WINDOWS 642 GENERIC OPENGL 642 INSTALLABLE CLIENT DRIVER 642 MINI-CLIENT DRIVER 643 MINI-DRIVER 643 OPENGL ON VISTA 644 EXTENDED OPENGL 644 BASIC WINDOWS RENDERING 645 GDI DEVICE CONTEXTS 646 PIXEL FORMATS 647 THE OPENGL RENDERING CONTEXT 654 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 655 CREATING THE WINDOW 655 USING THE OPENGL RENDERING CONTEXT 660 OTHER WINDOWS MESSAGES 664 OPENGL AND WINDOWS FONTS 666 3D FONTS AND TEXT 666 2D FONTS AND TEXT 669 FULL-SCREEN RENDERING 671 CREATING A FRAMELESS WINDOW 672 CREATING A FULL-SCREEN WINDOW 672 MULTITHREADED RENDERING 675 OPENGL AND WGL EXTENSIONS 676 SIMPLE EXTENSIONS 677 USING NEW ENTRYPOINTS 678 AUTO-MAGIC EXTENSIONS 679 WGL EXTENSIONS 680 SUMMARY 684 CON 20 OPENGL ON MAC OS X 685 GLUT 686 SETTING UP A GLUT PROJECT 686 APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS 687 DITCHING COCOA 688 OPENGL WITH CARBON 689 SETTING UP FOR OPENGL 689 BITMAP FONTS 697 OPENGL WITH COCOA 699 CREATING A COCOA PROGRAM 699 WIRING IT ALL TOGETHER 703 HANG ON A SECOND THERE! 705 FULL-SCREEN RENDERING 706 MANAGING THE DISPLAY 706 AGL FULL-SCREEN SUPPORT 708 SUMMARY 711 21 OPENGL ON LINUX 713 THE BASICS 713 SETUP 714 SETTING UP MESA 715 SETTING UP HARDWARE DRIVERS 715 MORE SETUP DETAILS 715 SETTING UP GLUT 716 BUILDING OPENGL APPS 716 GLUT 717 GLX*DEALING WITH THE X WINDOWS INTERFACE 718 DISPLAYS AND X 718 CONFIG MANAGEMENT AND VISUALS 719 WINDOWS AND RENDER SURFACES 723 CONTEXT MANAGEMENT 724 SYNCHRONIZATION 726 GLXSTRINGS 727 THE REST OF GLX 727 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 729 SUMMARY 734 XXIV OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION 22 OPENGL ES: OPENGL ON THE SMALL 735 OPENGL ON A DIET 735 WHAT S THE ES FOR? 735 A BRIEF HISTORY 736 WHICH VERSION IS RIGHT FOR YOU? 738 ES 1.0 739 ES 1.1 742 ES 2.0 746 ES SC 752 THE ES ENVIRONMENT 754 APPLICATION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 754 DEALING WITH A LIMITED ENVIRONMENT 755 FIXED-POINT MATH 756 EGL: A NEW WINDOWING ENVIRONMENT 757 EGL DISPLAYS 758 CREATING A WINDOW 759 CONTEXT MANAGEMENT 763 PRESENTING BUFFERS AND RENDERING SYNCHRONIZATION 764 MOREEGLSTUFF 765 NEGOTIATING EMBEDDED ENVIRONMENTS 766 POPULAER OPERATING SYSTEMS 766 EMBEDDED HARDWARE 766 VENDOR-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS 767 FOR THE HOME GAMER 767 PUTTING OPENGL ES INTO ACTION 767 SETTING UP THE ENVIRONMENT 768 SETTING UP OPENGL ES STATE 769 RENDERING 770 CLEANING UP 771 SUMMARY 772 A FURTHER READING/REFERENCES 773 OTHER GOOD OPENGL BOOKS 773 3D GRAPHICS BOOKS 773 WEBSITES 774 CONTENTS XXV B GLOSSARY 777 C API REFERENCE 783 OVERVIEW OF APPENDIX C 783 INDEX 1141
adam_txt	OPENGL S L IIICPPIPI JE ? URCIIDIDLC FOURTH EDITION COMPREHENSIVE TUTORIAL AND REFERENCE RICHARD S. WRIGHT, JR. BENJAMIN LIPCHAK NICHOLAS HAEMEL AADDISON-WESLEY UPPER SADDLE RIVER, NJ * BOSTON * INDIANAPOLIS * SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK * TORONTO * MONTREAL * LONDON * MUNICH * PARIS * MADRID CAPETOWN * SYDNEY * TOKYO * SINGAPORE * MEXICO CITY CONTENTS XI TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE XXVII ABOUT THE AUTHORS XXXV INTRODUCTION 1 WHAT'S NEW IN THIS EDITION 1 HOW THIS BOOK IS ORGANIZED 2 PART I: THE OLD TESTAMENT 2 PART II: THE NEW TESTAMENT 4 PART III: THE APOCRYPHA 4 CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS BOOK 5 ABOUT THE COMPANION WEB SITE 5 PART I THE OLD TESTAMENT 7 1 INTRODUCTION TO 3D GRAPHICS AND OPENGL 9 A BRIEF HISTORY OF COMPUTER GRAPHICS 9 GOING ELECTRIC 10 GOING 3D 11 A SURVEY OF 3D EFFECTS 14 PERSPECTIVE 14 COLOR AND SHADING 15 LIGHT AND SHADOWS 15 TEXTURE MAPPING 16 FOG 17 BLENDING AND TRANSPARENCY 18 ANTIALIASING 18 COMMON USES FOR 3D GRAPHICS 19 REAL-TIME 3D 19 NON-REAL-TIME 3D 22 SHADERS 22 BASIC 3D PROGRAMMING PRINCIPLES 23 IMMEDIATE MODE AND RETAINED MODE 23 COORDINATE SYSTEMS 24 PROJECTIONS: GETTING 3D TO 2D 28 SUMMARY 30 XII OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION 2 USING OPENGL 33 WHAT IS OPENGL? 33 EVOLUTION OF A STANDARD 34 THE API WARS 36 THE FUTURE OF OPENGL 37 HOW DOES OPENGL WORK? 38 GENERIC IMPLEMENTATIONS 38 HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS 39 THE PIPELINE 40 OPENGL: AN API, NOT A LANGUAGE 41 STANDARD LIBRARIES AND HEADERS 41 SOME HEADER CUSTOMIZATIONS 42 APISPECIFICS 43 DATA TYPES 44 FUNCTION-NAMING CONVENTIONS 45 PLATFORM INDEPENDENCE 46 USING GLUT 47 YOUR FIRST PROGRAM 48 DRAWING SHAPES WITH OPENGL 53 ANIMATION WITH OPENGL AND GLUT 61 DOUBLE BUFFERING 64 THE OPENGL STATE MACHINE 65 SAVING AND RESTORING STATES 66 OPENGL ERRORS 67 WHEN BAD THINGS HAPPEN TO GOOD CODE 67 IDENTIFYING THE VERSION 68 GETTING A CLUE WITH GLHINT 69 USING EXTENSIONS 69 CHECKING FOR AN EXTENSION 69 WHOSE EXTENSION IS THIS? 71 SUMMARY 71 3 DRAWING IN SPACE: GEOMETRIE PRIMITIVES AND BUEFFERS 73 DRAWING POINTS IN 3D 74 SETTING UP A 3D CANVAS 74 A 3D POINT: THE VERTEX 76 DRAW SOMETHING! 77 DRAWING POINTS 78 OUR FIRST EXAMPLE 78 CONTENTS XIII SETTING THE POINT SIZE 81 DRAWING LINES IN 3D 85 LINE STRIPS AND LOOPS 87 APPROXIMATING CURVES WITH STRAIGHT LINES 88 SETTING THE LINE WIDTH 89 LINE STIPPLING 91 DRAWING TRIANGLES IN 3D 94 TRIANGLES: YOUR FIRST POLYGON 94 WINDING 95 TRIANGLE STRIPS 96 TRIANGLE FANS 97 BUILDING SOLID OBJECTS 98 SETTING POLYGON COLORS 101 HIDDEN SURFACE REMOVAL 102 CULLING: HIDING SURFACES FOR PERFORMANCE 104 POLYGON MODES 107 OTHER PRIMITIVES 107 FOUR-SIDED POLYGONS: QUADS 108 QUAD STRIPS 108 GENERAL POLYGONS 108 FILLING POLYGONS, OR STIPPLING REVISITED 109 POLYGON CONSTRUCTION RULES 113 SUBDIVISION AND EDGES 114 OTHER BUFFER TRICKS 117 USING BUFFER TARGETS 117 MANIPULATING THE DEPTH BUFFER 119 CUTTING IT OUT WITH SCISSORS 119 USING THE STENCIL BUFFER 121 CREATING THE STENCIL PATTERN 122 SUMMARY 126 4 GEOMETRIE TRANSFORMATIONS: THE PIPELINE 127 IS THIS THE DREADED MATH CHAPTER? 127 UNDERSTANDING TRANSFORMATIONS 128 EYE COORDINATES 129 VIEWING TRANSFORMATIONS 130 MODELING TRANSFORMATIONS 130 THE MODELVIEW DUALITY 132 PROJECTION TRANSFORMATIONS 132 VIEWPORT TRANSFORMATIONS 134 XIV OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION THE MATRIX: MATHEMATICAL CURRENCY FOR 3D GRAPHICS 134 WHAT IS A MATRIX? 134 THE TRANSFORMATION PIPELINE 135 THE MODELVIEW MATRIX 136 THE IDENTITY MATRIX 140 THE MATRIX STACKS 142 A NUCLEAR EXAMPLE 143 USING PROJECTIONS 146 ORTHOGRAPHIE PROJECTIONS 147 PERSPECTIVE PROJECTIONS 148 A FAR-OUT EXAMPLE 151 ADVANCED MATRIX MANIPULATION 154 LOADING A MATRIX 156 PERFORMING YOUR OWN TRANSFORMATIONS 157 ADDING TRANSFORMATIONS TOGETHER 160 MOVING AROUND IN OPENGL USING CAMERAS AND ACTORS 161 AN ACTOR FRAME 161 EULER ANGLES: "USE THE FRAME, LUKE!" 163 CAMERA MANAGEMENT 164 BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER 165 SUMMARY 171 5 COLOR, MATERIALS, AND LIGHTING: THE BASICS 173 WHAT IS COLOR? 174 LIGHT AS A WAVE 174 LIGHT AS A PARTICLE 175 YOUR PERSONAL PHOTON DETECTOR 176 THE COMPUTER AS A PHOTON GENERATOR 176 PC COLOR HARDWARE 177 PC DISPLAY MODES 179 SCREEN RESOLUTION 179 COLOR DEPTH 179 USING COLOR IN OPENGL 180 THE COLOR CUBE 180 SETTING THE DRAWING COLOR 182 SHADING 183 SETTING THE SHADING MODEL 185 COLOR IN THE REAL WORLD 186 AMBIENT LIGHT 187 DIFFUSE LIGHT 188 SPECULAR LIGHT 188 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 189 MATERIALS IN THE REAL WORLD 190 MATERIAL PROPERTIES 190 ADDING LIGHT TO MATERIALS 190 CALCULATING AMBIENT LIGHT EFFECTS 190 DIFFUSE AND SPECULAR EFFECTS 191 ADDING LIGHT TO A SCENE 192 ENABLING THE LIGHTING 192 SETTING UP COSMIC BACKGROUND RADIATION 192 SETTING MATERIAL PROPERTIES 193 USING A LIGHT SOURCE 196 WHICH WAY IS UP? 197 SURFACE NORMALS 197 SPECIFYING A NORMAL 198 UNIT NORMALS 201 FINDING A NORMAL 202 SETTING UP A SOURCE 203 SETTING THE MATERIAL PROPERTIES 205 SPECIFYING THE POLYGONS 205 LIGHTING EFFECTS 207 SPECULAR HIGHLIGHTS 207 SPECULAR LIGHT 208 SPECULAR REFLECTANCE 208 SPECULAR EXPONENT 209 NORMAL AVERAGING 211 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 213 CREATING A SPOTLIGHT 214 DRAWING A SPOTLIGHT 216 SHADOWS 221 WHAT IS A SHADOW? 222 SQUISHCODE 223 A SHADOW EXAMPLE 223 SPHERE WORLD REVISITED 227 SUMMARY 227 XVI OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION 6 MORE ON COLORS AND MATERIALS 229 BLENDING 229 COMBINING COLORS 230 CHANGING THE BLENDING EQUATION 234 ANTIALIASING 234 MULTISAMPLE 238 APPLYING FOG 240 FOG EQUATIONS 242 FOG COORDINATES 244 ACCUMULATION BUFFER 244 OTHER COLOR OPERATIONS 248 COLOR MASKING 248 COLOR LOGICAL OPERATIONS 248 ALPHA TESTING 249 DITHERING 250 SUMMARY 250 7 IMAGING WITH OPENGL 251 BITMAPS 252 BITMAPPED DATA 253 THE RASTER POSITION 256 PIXEL PACKING 257 PIXMAPS 258 PACKED PIXEL FORMATS 260 A MORE COLORFUL EXAMPLE 261 MOVING PIXELS AROUND 265 SAVING PIXELS 266 MORE FUN WITH PIXELS 268 PIXEL ZOOM 275 PIXEL TRANSFER 277 PIXEL MAPPING 281 THE IMAGING "SUBSET" AND PIPELINE 283 COLOR MATRIX 288 COLOR LOOKUP 289 PROXIES 290 OTHER OPERATIONS 291 CONVOLUTIONS 292 HISTOGRAM 297 MINMAX OPERATIONS 301 SUMMARY 301 CONTENTS XVII 8 TEXTURE MAPPING: THE BASICS 303 LOADING TEXTURES 304 USING THE COLOR BUFFER 307 UPDATING TEXTURES 307 MAPPING TEXTURES TO GEOMETRY 308 TEXTURE MATRIX 311 A SIMPLE 2D EXAMPLE 311 TEXTURE ENVIRONMENT 316 TEXTURE PARAMETERS 318 BASIC FILTERING 318 TEXTURE WRAP 320 CARTOONS WITH TEXTURE 321 MIPMAPPING 325 TEXTURE OBJECTS 330 MANAGING MULTIPLE TEXTURES 331 SUMMARY 339 9 TEXTURE MAPPING: BEYOND THE BASICS 341 SECONDARY COLOR 341 ANISOTROPIE FILTERING 344 TEXTURE COMPRESSION 347 COMPRESSING TEXTURES 348 LOADING COMPRESSED TEXTURES 349 TEXTURE COORDINATE GENERATION 350 OBJECT LINEAR MAPPING 354 EYE LINEAR MAPPING 355 SPHERE MAPPING 356 CUBE MAPPING 357 MULTITEXTURE 362 MULTIPLE TEXTURE COORDINATES 363 A MULTITEXTURED EXAMPLE 364 TEXTURE COMBINERS 369 POINT SPRITES 371 USING POINTS 372 TEXTURE APPLICATION 374 POINT PARAMETERS 374 SUMMARY 375 XVIII OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION 10 CURVES AND SURFACES 377 BUILT-IN SURFACES 378 SETTING QUADRIC STATES 379 DRAWING QUADRICS 381 MODELING WITH QUADRICS 385 BEZIER CURVES AND SURFACES 388 PARAMETRIC REPRESENTATION 388 EVALUATORS 391 NURBS 401 FROM BEZIER TO B-SPLINES 402 KNOTS 402 CREATING A NURBS SURFACE 403 NURBS PROPERTIES 404 DEFINING THE SURFACE 404 TRIMMING 406 NURBS CURVES 409 TESSELLATION 409 THE TESSELLATOR 411 TESSELLATOR CALLBACKS 412 SPECIFYING VERTEX DATA 413 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 414 SUMMARY 419 11 IT'S ALL ABOUT THE PIPELINE: FASTER GEOMETRY THROUGHPUT 421 DISPLAY LISTS 422 BATCH PROCESSING 423 PREPROCESSED BATCHES 424 DISPLAY LIST CAVEATS 426 CONVERTING TO DISPLAY LISTS 426 VERTEX ARRAYS 428 LOADING THE GEOMETRY 432 ENABLING ARRAYS 432 WHERE'S THE DATA? 433 PULL THE DATA AND DRAW 434 INDEXED VERTEX ARRAYS 435 VERTEX BUFFER OBJECTS 450 MANAGING AND USING BUFFER OBJECTS 450 BACK TO THE THUNDERBIRD! 452 SUMMARY 455 CONTENTS XIX 12 INTERACTIVE GRAPHICS 457 SELECTION 458 NAMING YOUR PRIMITIVES 458 WORKING WITH SELECTION MODE 460 THE SELECTION BUFFER 461 PICKING 464 HIERARCHICAL PICKING 466 FEEDBACK 471 THE FEEDBACK BUFFER 471 FEEDBACK DATA 472 PASSTHROUGH MARKERS 473 A FEEDBACK EXAMPLE 473 LABEL THE OBJECTS FOR FEEDBACK 473 STEP 1: SELECT THE OBJECT 476 STEP 2: GET FEEDBACK ON THE OBJECT 478 SUMMARY 480 13 OCCIUSION QUERIES: WHY DO MORE WORK THAN YOU NEED TO? 481 THE WORLD BEFORE OCCIUSION QUERIES 482 BOUNDING BOXES 485 QUERYING THE QUERY OBJECT 490 BEST PRACTICES 492 SUMMARY 493 14 DEPTH TEXTURES AND SHADOWS 495 BETHAT LIGHT 496 FIT THE SCENE TO THE WINDOW 496 NO BEILS OR WHISTLES, PLEASE 497 A NEW KIND OF TEXTURE 498 SIZE MATTERS 499 DRAW THE SHADOWS FIRST?! 500 AND THEN THERE WAS LIGHT 501 PROJECTING YOUR SHADOW MAP: THE "WHY" 501 PROJECTING YOUR SHADOW MAP: THE "HOW" 503 THE SHADOW COMPARISON 505 TWO OUT OF THREE AIN'T BAD 509 A FEW WORDS ABOUT POLYGON OFFSET 510 SUMMARY 511 XX OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION PART II THE NEW TESTAMENT 513 15 PROGRAMMABLE PIPELINE: THIS ISN'T YOUR FATHER'S OPENGL 515 OUT WITH THE OLD 516 FIXED VERTEX PROCESSING 518 FIXED FRAGMENT PROCESSING 520 IN WITH THE NEW 521 PROGRAMMABLE VERTEX SHADERS 523 FIXED FUNCTIONALITY GLUE 524 PROGRAMMABLE FRAGMENT SHADERS 525 OPENGL SHADING LANGUAGE: A FIRST GLIMPSE 526 MANAGING GLSL SHADERS 528 SHADER OBJECTS 528 PROGRAM OBJECTS 530 VARIABLES 532 BASIC TYPES 532 STRUCTURES 534 ARRAYS 534 QUALIFIERS 535 BUILT-IN VARIABLES 536 EXPRESSIONS 537 OPERATORS 537 ARRAY ACCESS 538 CONSTRUCTORS 538 COMPONENT SELECTORS 540 CONTROLFLOW 541 LOOPS 541 IF/ELSE 542 DISCARD 542 FUNCTIONS 542 SUMMARY 545 16 VERTEX SHADING: DO-IT-YOURSELF TRANSFORM, LIGHTING, AND TEXGEN 547 GETTING YOUR FEET WET 548 DIFFUSE LIGHTING 549 SPECULAR LIGHTING 551 IMPROVED SPECULAR LIGHTING 553 PER-VERTEX FOG 557 PER-VERTEX POINT SIZE 560 CUSTOMIZED VERTEX TRANSFORMATION 561 VERTEX BLENDING 563 SUMMARY 566 17 FRAGMENT SHADING: EMPOWER YOUR PIXEL PROCESSING 567 COLOR CONVERSION 568 GRAYSCALE 568 SEPIA TONE 569 INVERSION 570 HEAT SIGNATURE 571 PER-FRAGMENT FOG 572 IMAGE PROCESSING 574 BLUR 575 SHARPEN 577 DILATION AND EROSION 578 EDGE DETECTION 580 LIGHTING 582 DIFFUSE LIGHTING 582 MULTIPLE SPECULAR LIGHTS 585 PROCEDURAL TEXTURE MAPPING 587 CHECKERBOARD TEXTURE 588 BEACH BALL TEXTURE 592 TOY BALL TEXTURE 595 SUMMARY 600 18 ADVANCED BUFFERS 601 PIXEL BUFFER OBJECTS 601 HOWTOUSEPBOS 602 THE BENEFITS OF PBOS 603 PBOS IN ACTION 604 OH, WHERE IS THE HOME WHERE THE PBOS ROAM? 608 FRAMEBUFFER OBJECTS 608 HOWTOUSEFBOS 609 OFFSCREEN RENDERING 613 RENDERING TO TEXTURES 615 MULTIPLE RENDER TARGETS 619 FLOATING-POINT TEXTURES 622 HIGH DYNAMIC RANGE 622 OPENEXR FILE FORMAT 623 TONE MAPPING 626 XXII OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION MAKING YOUR WHITES WHITER AND YOUR BRIGHTS BRIGHTER 630 DRAWING THE SCENE 630 BRIGHT PASS 633 GAUSSIAN BLUR WITH A LITTLE HELP 634 THE SUM IS GREATER THAN ITS PARTS 636 PBOS MAKE A COMEBACK 638 SUMMARY 638 PART III THE APOCRYPHA 639 19 WIGGLE: OPENGL ON WINDOWS 641 OPENGL IMPLEMENTATIONS ON WINDOWS 642 GENERIC OPENGL 642 INSTALLABLE CLIENT DRIVER 642 MINI-CLIENT DRIVER 643 MINI-DRIVER 643 OPENGL ON VISTA 644 EXTENDED OPENGL 644 BASIC WINDOWS RENDERING 645 GDI DEVICE CONTEXTS 646 PIXEL FORMATS 647 THE OPENGL RENDERING CONTEXT 654 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 655 CREATING THE WINDOW 655 USING THE OPENGL RENDERING CONTEXT 660 OTHER WINDOWS MESSAGES 664 OPENGL AND WINDOWS FONTS 666 3D FONTS AND TEXT 666 2D FONTS AND TEXT 669 FULL-SCREEN RENDERING 671 CREATING A FRAMELESS WINDOW 672 CREATING A FULL-SCREEN WINDOW 672 MULTITHREADED RENDERING 675 OPENGL AND WGL EXTENSIONS 676 SIMPLE EXTENSIONS 677 USING NEW ENTRYPOINTS 678 AUTO-MAGIC EXTENSIONS 679 WGL EXTENSIONS 680 SUMMARY 684 CON 20 OPENGL ON MAC OS X 685 GLUT 686 SETTING UP A GLUT PROJECT 686 APPLICATION FRAMEWORKS 687 DITCHING COCOA 688 OPENGL WITH CARBON 689 SETTING UP FOR OPENGL 689 BITMAP FONTS 697 OPENGL WITH COCOA 699 CREATING A COCOA PROGRAM 699 WIRING IT ALL TOGETHER 703 HANG ON A SECOND THERE! 705 FULL-SCREEN RENDERING 706 MANAGING THE DISPLAY 706 AGL FULL-SCREEN SUPPORT 708 SUMMARY 711 21 OPENGL ON LINUX 713 THE BASICS 713 SETUP 714 SETTING UP MESA 715 SETTING UP HARDWARE DRIVERS 715 MORE SETUP DETAILS 715 SETTING UP GLUT 716 BUILDING OPENGL APPS 716 GLUT 717 GLX*DEALING WITH THE X WINDOWS INTERFACE 718 DISPLAYS AND X 718 CONFIG MANAGEMENT AND VISUALS 719 WINDOWS AND RENDER SURFACES 723 CONTEXT MANAGEMENT 724 SYNCHRONIZATION 726 GLXSTRINGS 727 THE REST OF GLX 727 PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 729 SUMMARY 734 XXIV OPENGL SUPERBIBLE, FOURTH EDITION 22 OPENGL ES: OPENGL ON THE SMALL 735 OPENGL ON A DIET 735 WHAT'S THE ES FOR? 735 A BRIEF HISTORY 736 WHICH VERSION IS RIGHT FOR YOU? 738 ES 1.0 739 ES 1.1 742 ES 2.0 746 ES SC 752 THE ES ENVIRONMENT 754 APPLICATION DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 754 DEALING WITH A LIMITED ENVIRONMENT 755 FIXED-POINT MATH 756 EGL: A NEW WINDOWING ENVIRONMENT 757 EGL DISPLAYS 758 CREATING A WINDOW 759 CONTEXT MANAGEMENT 763 PRESENTING BUFFERS AND RENDERING SYNCHRONIZATION 764 MOREEGLSTUFF 765 NEGOTIATING EMBEDDED ENVIRONMENTS 766 POPULAER OPERATING SYSTEMS 766 EMBEDDED HARDWARE 766 VENDOR-SPECIFIC EXTENSIONS 767 FOR THE HOME GAMER 767 PUTTING OPENGL ES INTO ACTION 767 SETTING UP THE ENVIRONMENT 768 SETTING UP OPENGL ES STATE 769 RENDERING 770 CLEANING UP 771 SUMMARY 772 A FURTHER READING/REFERENCES 773 OTHER GOOD OPENGL BOOKS 773 3D GRAPHICS BOOKS 773 WEBSITES 774 CONTENTS XXV B GLOSSARY 777 C API REFERENCE 783 OVERVIEW OF APPENDIX C 783 INDEX 1141
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spelling	Wright, Richard S. Verfasser aut OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference Richard S. Wright, Jr., Benjamin Lipshak, Nicholas Haemel Open GL superbible 4. ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ ; Munich [u.a.] Addison-Wesley 2007 XXXVI, 1205 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier OpenGL Computação gráfica larpcal Computer graphics OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd rswk-swf Computergrafik (DE-588)4010450-3 gnd rswk-swf OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 s Computergrafik (DE-588)4010450-3 s 1\p DE-604 Lipchak, Benjamin Verfasser aut Haemel, Nicholas Verfasser aut http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/526730250.PDF lizenzfrei Inhaltsverzeichnis http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0714/2007012602.html lizenzfrei Inhaltsverzeichnis GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016152166&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
spellingShingle	Wright, Richard S. Lipchak, Benjamin Haemel, Nicholas OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference OpenGL Computação gráfica larpcal Computer graphics OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd Computergrafik (DE-588)4010450-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4391716-1 (DE-588)4010450-3
title	OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference
title_alt	Open GL superbible
title_auth	OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference
title_exact_search	OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference
title_exact_search_txtP	OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference
title_full	OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference Richard S. Wright, Jr., Benjamin Lipshak, Nicholas Haemel
title_fullStr	OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference Richard S. Wright, Jr., Benjamin Lipshak, Nicholas Haemel
title_full_unstemmed	OpenGL superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference Richard S. Wright, Jr., Benjamin Lipshak, Nicholas Haemel
title_short	OpenGL superbible
title_sort	opengl superbible comprehensive tutorial and reference
title_sub	comprehensive tutorial and reference
topic	OpenGL Computação gráfica larpcal Computer graphics OpenGL (DE-588)4391716-1 gnd Computergrafik (DE-588)4010450-3 gnd
topic_facet	OpenGL Computação gráfica Computer graphics Computergrafik
url	http://www.gbv.de/dms/ilmenau/toc/526730250.PDF http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0714/2007012602.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016152166&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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