Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems: mathematical modeling
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Boca Raton, FL
CRC
2005
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Publisher description Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | 223 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 0849330440 9780849330445 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Vergnaud, Jean-Maurice |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems |b mathematical modeling |c Jean-Maurice Vergnaud ; Iosif-Daniel Rosca |
| 264 | 1 | |a Boca Raton, FL |b CRC |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a 223 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Mathématiques | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Méthodes statistiques | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Mathematik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Drugs |x Dosage forms |x Mathematics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Drugs |x Dosage forms |x Statistical methods | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Rosca, Iosif-Daniel |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0647/2005047109-d.html |3 Publisher description | |
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| adam_text | Contents
Chapter 1 Definitions 1
Nomenclature 1
Abbreviations and Terms 1
Symbols 1
1.1 Drug (Active Agent) and Its Supply Form (Dosage Form) 2
1.2 Biopharmaceutics and Its Goals 3
1.2.1 Biopharmaceutical Stage with Two Linked Steps 3
1.2.2 Pharmacokinetic Stage 3
1.2.3 Pharmacodynamic Stage 4
1.3 Pharmacokinetics 4
1.4 Pharmacodynamics 5
1.5 Liberation of the Drug 5
1.6 Membranes 5
1.7 Bioavailability 6
1.8 Absorption of the Drug in the Blood 7
1.9 Distribution of the Drug 8
1.10 Elimination of the Drug 8
1.10.1 Metabolism 9
1.10.2 Excretion and Clearance via Various Organs 9
1.10.3 Biological Half Life Time of the Drug 9
1.11 Therapeutic Index 10
1.12 Determination of the Pharmaceutical Parameters 11
1.12.1 Rate Constant of Elimination 12
1.12.2 Volume of Distribution (Apparent Volume VP) 12
1.12.3 Rate Constant of Absorption 13
1.12.4 Systemic Clearance 13
1.12.5 Linear or Nonlinear Pharmaceutics 13
References 14
Chapter 2 Intravenous Administration 15
Nomenclature 15
2.1 Administration of a Single Dose 15
2.2 Repeated Intravenous Injection (DIV) 18
2.2.1 Calculation of the Drug Concentration at Peaks
and Troughs 19
2.2.2 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 20
2.2.3 Calculation of the Area under the Curve 22
2.2.4 Change in the Dosing during the DIV 24
2.3 Continuous Intravenous Infusion (CIV) 24
2.3.1 General Expression of CIV 24
2.3.2 Change in the Rate of Delivery during
the Course of Infusion 27
2.3.3 Value of the Area under the Curve
with Infusion Delivery 28
2.4 Repeated Doses at Constant Flow Rate
over Finite Time 29
2.4.1 Mathematical Treatment of the Process 29
2.4.2 Generalization of the Processes 31
References 31
Chapter 3 Oral Dosage Forms with Immediate Release 33
Nomenclature 33
3.1 Single Dose 33
3.1.1 Principle of Drug Transport 33
3.1.2 Calculation of the Profiles of Drug Concentration 35
3.2 Effect of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters Values 37
3.2.1 Effect of the Rate Constant of Absorption
on the Process 37
3.2.2 Effect of the Rate Constant of Elimination
on Drug Transport 38
3.2.3 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 39
3.3 Multiple Oral Doses 41
3.3.1 Principle for Repeated Oral Doses and Parameters 41
3.3.2 Effect of the Nature of the Drug in Multidoses 44
3.3.3 Master Curves with Dimensionless Number 46
3.4 Area under the Curve with Oral Dosage Forms 49
3.4.1 AUC with a Single Dose 49
3.4.2 AUC with Repeated Doses 49
3.5 Comparison of Oral and I.V. Drug Delivery 51
References 51
Chapter 4 Kinetics of Drug Release from Oral
Sustained Dosage Forms 53
Nomenclature 53
4.1 Drug Release Controlled by Diffusion 54
4.1.1 Principles of Diffusion and Basic Equations 54
4.1.1.1 Boundary Conditions 54
4.1.1.2 Initial Conditions 55
4.1.1.3 Process of Drug Release 55
4.1.1.4 In Vitro Dissolution Tests 56
4.1.1.5 Parameters of Diffusion 56
4.1.2 Kinetics of Drug Release from Thin Films
(Thickness 2 L) 56
4.1.2.1 Dimensionless Numbers 58
4.1.2.2 Application to Experiments
and Calculation 59
4.1.2.3 Consideration on the Drug Polymer
Couple 62
4.1.3 Effect of the Shape of Dosage Forms
of Similar Volume 63
4.1.3.1 Kinetics of Release from the Sphere 63
4.1.3.2 Calculation for the Parallelepiped
of Sides 2a, 2b, 2c 65
4.1.3.3 Calculation for the Cube of Side 2a 66
4.1.3.4 Calculation for a Cylinder of Radius R
and Height 2 H 66
4.1.4 Kinetics of Drug Release from Spherical
Dosage Forms 67
4.1.5 Kinetics of Release with Parallelepiped
and Cubic Forms 68
4.1.6 Cylindrical Dosage Forms 71
4.1.7 Determination of the Parameters of Diffusion 72
4.2 Drug Release Controlled by Erosion 74
4.2.1 Kinetics of Release for a Sheet of Thickness 2L0 74
4.2.2 Kinetics of Release for a Sphere of Initial Radius RQ 74
4.2.3 Kinetics of Release for a Cylinder of Radius Ro
and Height 2H0 75
4.2.4 Kinetics of Release for a Parallelepiped
of Sides 2a, 2b, and 2c 75
4.2.5 Kinetics of Release for a Cube of Sides 2a 76
4.3 Comparison and Other Kinetics of Release 77
4.3.1 Comparison of the Processes
of Diffusion and Erosion 77
4.3.2 Process of Drug Release by Diffusion Erosion 77
4.3.3 Processs with Diffusion and Swelling 77
References 79
Chapter 5 Bibliography of In Vitro In Vivo Correlations 81
Nomenclature 81
5.1 General Survey of In Vitro In Vivo Problems 81
5.1.1 Concept of Sustained Release 81
5.1.2 Objectives of In Vitro Dissolution Tests 82
5.2 In Vitro In Vivo Correlations for
Immediate Release Drugs 83
5.3 In Vitro In Vivo Correlations with
Sustained Release Forms 84
5.3.1 Establishment of Levels for
In Vitro In Vivo Correlations 84
5.3.2 Requirements for Establishing Level A Correlations 85
5.3.3 Mathematical Treatment of In Vitro In Vivo Correlations 86
5.4 Conclusions 89
References 89
Chapter 6 Plasma Drug Level with Oral Diffusion Controlled
Dosage Forms 91
Nomenclature 91
6.1 Methods of Calculation 91
6.1.1 Assumptions for Calculation 92
6.1.2 Mathematical Treatment 93
6.1.3 Numerical Treatment 93
6.1.4 Expression of Sustained Release through
the Time T05 94
6.2 Results Obtained for a Single Dose 94
6.2.1 Assessment of the Amount of Drug
in Various Places 94
6.2.2 Effect of the Shape of the Dosage Form 99
6.2.3 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 100
6.2.4 Effect of the Polymer on the Sustained Release 101
6.2.5 Effect of Patients Intervariability 105
6.3 Sustained Release with Repeated Doses 107
6.3.1 Examples with Various Drug Polymer Couples 107
6.3.2 Effect of the Nature of the Drug on the Profiles 110
6.3.3 Effect of the Polymer Matrix on the Profiles 111
6.3.4 Effect of the Patients Intervariability 113
6.3.5 Effect of the Dose Intervals (Frequency) 115
6.4 Prediction of the Characteristics
of the Dosage Form 119
6.4.1 Relationships between Half Life Times 119
6.4.2 Plasma Drug Profile in Terms of Concentration 121
References 122
Chapter 7 Plasma Drug Level with Erosion Controlled
Dosage Forms 125
Nomenclature 125
7.1 Method of Calculation 126
7.1.1 Assumptions for Calculating the Plasma Drug Profile 126
7.1.2 Mathematical and Numerical Treatment 127
7.2 Plasma Drug Profile with a Single Dose 127
7.2.1 Effect of the Shape of the Dosage Forms 128
7.2.2 Effect of the Time of Full Erosion 129
7.2.3 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 130
7.2.4 Patients Intervariability 131
7.2.5 Comparison of the Processes of Diffusion
and Erosion 133
7.3 Plasma Drag Profile with Repeated Multidoses 135
7.3.1 Effect of the Shape of the Dosage Form 136
7.3.2 Effect of the Time of Full Erosion 137
7.3.3 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 138
7.3.4 Patients Intervariability 139
7.4 Prediction of the Characteristics of the Dosage Forms 141
7.4.1 Relationships between the Half Life Times tos and T05 141
7.4.2 Plasma Drug Profiles in Terms of Concentration 143
References 144
Chapter 8 Effect of the Patient s Noncompliance 147
Nomenclature 147
8.1 Limited Reliability of the Patient 147
8.1.1 Nature of the Disease 148
8.1.2 Type of Medication 148
8.1.3 Influences on the Patients 148
8.1.4 Various Cases of Noncompliance 148
8.2 Noncompliance with Erosion Controlled Dosage Forms 149
8.2.1 Perfect Compliance and Omission 149
8.2.2 Omission Followed by a Double Dose 151
8.3 Noncompliance with Diffusion Controlled Dosage Forms 155
8.3.1 Right Compliance and Omission 155
8.3.2 Omission Followed by Double Dosing 157
References 159
Chapter 9 Drag Transfer in Various Tissues 161
Nomenclature 161
9.1 Drag Transfer into and through the Lung
and Bronchial Mucus 163
9.1.1 Short Bibliography 163
9.1.2 Mathematical and Numerical Treatment 164
9.1.2.1 Assumptions 164
9.1.2.2 Evaluation of the Amount of Drag along
the GI Tract and the Plasma 165
9.1.2.3 Transfer of the Drag into the Lung Tissue 166
9.1.2.4 Transfer of Drug in the Bronchial Secretion 167
9.1.3 Abstract of the Experimental Part 168
9.1.3.1 Experiments on Lung Tissue 168
9.1.3.2 Experiments on Bronchial Secretion 168
9.1.4 Data Collected for Lung and Bronchial Secretion 168
9.1.5 Results Obtained with the Lung Tissue 168
9.1.6 Results Obtained with the Bronchial Secretion 170
9.2 Drug Transfer in the Blister Fluid 173
9.2.1 Short Bibliographical Survey 173
9.2.2 Mathematical and Numerical Treatment 175
9.2.2.1 Assumptions 175
9.2.2.2 Mathematical Treatment
of the Drug Transport 176
9.2.2.3 Administration of the Drug
through Short Infusions 176
9.2.2.4 Diffusion of the Drug through
the Capillary Wall 177
9.2.2.5 Numerical Analysis 177
9.2.3 Theoretical and Experimental Results 177
9.3 Drug Transfer into the Endocarditis 179
9.3.1 Short Bibliographical Survey 179
9.3.2 Mathematical and Numerical Treatment
of the Drug Transport 181
9.3.2.1 Assumptions 181
9.3.2.2 Mathematical Treatment 181
9.3.3 Results with the Drug Profiles in the Vegetation 182
References 183
Chapter 10 Transdermal Therapeutic Systems 187
Nomenclature 187
10.1 General Mechanisms of Drug Delivery 187
10.2 Overview of the Skin and Its Role 189
10.2.1 Main Characteristics and Properties of the Skin 189
10.2.2 Clinical Possibilities Offered by the Skin 190
10.3 Calculation of the Drug Transport 190
10.3.1 Assumptions 190
10.3.2 Calculation of the Drug Transfer
into the Blood 191
10.3.2.1 Transfer into the Blood Compartment 192
10.4 Results for the Transdermal Delivery
of Metoprolol 193
10.4.1 Experimental Part 193
10.4.1.1 Preparation of the Patch 193
10.4.1.2 Skin Permeation Studies 194
10.4.1.3 Bioavailability Studies 194
10.4.2 Results Obtained from In Vitro Experiments 194
10.4.3 Results Concerning In Vivo Experiments 196
10.4.4 Evaluation of the Plasma Drug Level 196
10.4.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 198
10.5 Effect of the Characteristics of the TTS 199
10.5.1 Diffusion Controlled TTS with a Polymer Alone 200
10.5.1.1 Assumptions 201
10.5.2 Diffusion Controlled TTS with a Reservoir 204
10.5.2.1 Assumptions 204
10.5.3 TTS with Drug Release Controlled by Convection 206
10.6 Effect of the Skin Parameters 208
10.6.1 Increase in the Solubility of the Drug in the Skin 209
10.6.2 Increase in the Diffusivity of the Drug in the Skin 209
References 210
Conclusions 213
Author Index 217
Subject Index 221
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Chapter 1 Definitions 1
Nomenclature 1
Abbreviations and Terms 1
Symbols 1
1.1 Drug (Active Agent) and Its Supply Form (Dosage Form) 2
1.2 Biopharmaceutics and Its Goals 3
1.2.1 Biopharmaceutical Stage with Two Linked Steps 3
1.2.2 Pharmacokinetic Stage 3
1.2.3 Pharmacodynamic Stage 4
1.3 Pharmacokinetics 4
1.4 Pharmacodynamics 5
1.5 Liberation of the Drug 5
1.6 Membranes 5
1.7 Bioavailability 6
1.8 Absorption of the Drug in the Blood 7
1.9 Distribution of the Drug 8
1.10 Elimination of the Drug 8
1.10.1 Metabolism 9
1.10.2 Excretion and Clearance via Various Organs 9
1.10.3 Biological Half Life Time of the Drug 9
1.11 Therapeutic Index 10
1.12 Determination of the Pharmaceutical Parameters 11
1.12.1 Rate Constant of Elimination 12
1.12.2 Volume of Distribution (Apparent Volume VP) 12
1.12.3 Rate Constant of Absorption 13
1.12.4 Systemic Clearance 13
1.12.5 Linear or Nonlinear Pharmaceutics 13
References 14
Chapter 2 Intravenous Administration 15
Nomenclature 15
2.1 Administration of a Single Dose 15
2.2 Repeated Intravenous Injection (DIV) 18
2.2.1 Calculation of the Drug Concentration at Peaks
and Troughs 19
2.2.2 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 20
2.2.3 Calculation of the Area under the Curve 22
2.2.4 Change in the Dosing during the DIV 24
2.3 Continuous Intravenous Infusion (CIV) 24
2.3.1 General Expression of CIV 24
2.3.2 Change in the Rate of Delivery during
the Course of Infusion 27
2.3.3 Value of the Area under the Curve
with Infusion Delivery 28
2.4 Repeated Doses at Constant Flow Rate
over Finite Time 29
2.4.1 Mathematical Treatment of the Process 29
2.4.2 Generalization of the Processes 31
References 31
Chapter 3 Oral Dosage Forms with Immediate Release 33
Nomenclature 33
3.1 Single Dose 33
3.1.1 Principle of Drug Transport 33
3.1.2 Calculation of the Profiles of Drug Concentration 35
3.2 Effect of the Pharmacokinetic Parameters' Values 37
3.2.1 Effect of the Rate Constant of Absorption
on the Process 37
3.2.2 Effect of the Rate Constant of Elimination
on Drug Transport 38
3.2.3 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 39
3.3 Multiple Oral Doses 41
3.3.1 Principle for Repeated Oral Doses and Parameters 41
3.3.2 Effect of the Nature of the Drug in Multidoses 44
3.3.3 Master Curves with Dimensionless Number 46
3.4 Area under the Curve with Oral Dosage Forms 49
3.4.1 AUC with a Single Dose 49
3.4.2 AUC with Repeated Doses 49
3.5 Comparison of Oral and I.V. Drug Delivery 51
References 51
Chapter 4 Kinetics of Drug Release from Oral
Sustained Dosage Forms 53
Nomenclature 53
4.1 Drug Release Controlled by Diffusion 54
4.1.1 Principles of Diffusion and Basic Equations 54
4.1.1.1 Boundary Conditions 54
4.1.1.2 Initial Conditions 55
4.1.1.3 Process of Drug Release 55
4.1.1.4 In Vitro Dissolution Tests 56
4.1.1.5 Parameters of Diffusion 56
4.1.2 Kinetics of Drug Release from Thin Films
(Thickness 2 L) 56
4.1.2.1 Dimensionless Numbers 58
4.1.2.2 Application to Experiments
and Calculation 59
4.1.2.3 Consideration on the Drug Polymer
Couple 62
4.1.3 Effect of the Shape of Dosage Forms
of Similar Volume 63
4.1.3.1 Kinetics of Release from the Sphere 63
4.1.3.2 Calculation for the Parallelepiped
of Sides 2a, 2b, 2c 65
4.1.3.3 Calculation for the Cube of Side 2a 66
4.1.3.4 Calculation for a Cylinder of Radius R
and Height 2 H 66
4.1.4 Kinetics of Drug Release from Spherical
Dosage Forms 67
4.1.5 Kinetics of Release with Parallelepiped
and Cubic Forms 68
4.1.6 Cylindrical Dosage Forms 71
4.1.7 Determination of the Parameters of Diffusion 72
4.2 Drug Release Controlled by Erosion 74
4.2.1 Kinetics of Release for a Sheet of Thickness 2L0 74
4.2.2 Kinetics of Release for a Sphere of Initial Radius RQ 74
4.2.3 Kinetics of Release for a Cylinder of Radius Ro
and Height 2H0 75
4.2.4 Kinetics of Release for a Parallelepiped
of Sides 2a, 2b, and 2c 75
4.2.5 Kinetics of Release for a Cube of Sides 2a 76
4.3 Comparison and Other Kinetics of Release 77
4.3.1 Comparison of the Processes
of Diffusion and Erosion 77
4.3.2 Process of Drug Release by Diffusion Erosion 77
4.3.3 Processs with Diffusion and Swelling 77
References 79
Chapter 5 Bibliography of In Vitro In Vivo Correlations 81
Nomenclature 81
5.1 General Survey of In Vitro In Vivo Problems 81
5.1.1 Concept of Sustained Release 81
5.1.2 Objectives of In Vitro Dissolution Tests 82
5.2 In Vitro In Vivo Correlations for
Immediate Release Drugs 83
5.3 In Vitro In Vivo Correlations with
Sustained Release Forms 84
5.3.1 Establishment of Levels for
In Vitro In Vivo Correlations 84
5.3.2 Requirements for Establishing Level A Correlations 85
5.3.3 Mathematical Treatment of In Vitro In Vivo Correlations 86
5.4 Conclusions 89
References 89
Chapter 6 Plasma Drug Level with Oral Diffusion Controlled
Dosage Forms 91
Nomenclature 91
6.1 Methods of Calculation 91
6.1.1 Assumptions for Calculation 92
6.1.2 Mathematical Treatment 93
6.1.3 Numerical Treatment 93
6.1.4 Expression of Sustained Release through
the Time T05 94
6.2 Results Obtained for a Single Dose 94
6.2.1 Assessment of the Amount of Drug
in Various Places 94
6.2.2 Effect of the Shape of the Dosage Form 99
6.2.3 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 100
6.2.4 Effect of the Polymer on the Sustained Release 101
6.2.5 Effect of Patients' Intervariability 105
6.3 Sustained Release with Repeated Doses 107
6.3.1 Examples with Various Drug Polymer Couples 107
6.3.2 Effect of the Nature of the Drug on the Profiles 110
6.3.3 Effect of the Polymer Matrix on the Profiles 111
6.3.4 Effect of the Patients' Intervariability 113
6.3.5 Effect of the Dose Intervals (Frequency) 115
6.4 Prediction of the Characteristics
of the Dosage Form 119
6.4.1 Relationships between Half Life Times 119
6.4.2 Plasma Drug Profile in Terms of Concentration 121
References 122
Chapter 7 Plasma Drug Level with Erosion Controlled
Dosage Forms 125
Nomenclature 125
7.1 Method of Calculation 126
7.1.1 Assumptions for Calculating the Plasma Drug Profile 126
7.1.2 Mathematical and Numerical Treatment 127
7.2 Plasma Drug Profile with a Single Dose 127
7.2.1 Effect of the Shape of the Dosage Forms 128
7.2.2 Effect of the Time of Full Erosion 129
7.2.3 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 130
7.2.4 Patients' Intervariability 131
7.2.5 Comparison of the Processes of Diffusion
and Erosion 133
7.3 Plasma Drag Profile with Repeated Multidoses 135
7.3.1 Effect of the Shape of the Dosage Form 136
7.3.2 Effect of the Time of Full Erosion 137
7.3.3 Effect of the Nature of the Drug 138
7.3.4 Patients' Intervariability 139
7.4 Prediction of the Characteristics of the Dosage Forms 141
7.4.1 Relationships between the Half Life Times tos and T05 141
7.4.2 Plasma Drug Profiles in Terms of Concentration 143
References 144
Chapter 8 Effect of the Patient's Noncompliance 147
Nomenclature 147
8.1 Limited Reliability of the Patient 147
8.1.1 Nature of the Disease 148
8.1.2 Type of Medication 148
8.1.3 Influences on the Patients 148
8.1.4 Various Cases of Noncompliance 148
8.2 Noncompliance with Erosion Controlled Dosage Forms 149
8.2.1 Perfect Compliance and Omission 149
8.2.2 Omission Followed by a Double Dose 151
8.3 Noncompliance with Diffusion Controlled Dosage Forms 155
8.3.1 Right Compliance and Omission 155
8.3.2 Omission Followed by Double Dosing 157
References 159
Chapter 9 Drag Transfer in Various Tissues 161
Nomenclature 161
9.1 Drag Transfer into and through the Lung
and Bronchial Mucus 163
9.1.1 Short Bibliography 163
9.1.2 Mathematical and Numerical Treatment 164
9.1.2.1 Assumptions 164
9.1.2.2 Evaluation of the Amount of Drag along
the GI Tract and the Plasma 165
9.1.2.3 Transfer of the Drag into the Lung Tissue 166
9.1.2.4 Transfer of Drug in the Bronchial Secretion 167
9.1.3 Abstract of the Experimental Part 168
9.1.3.1 Experiments on Lung Tissue 168
9.1.3.2 Experiments on Bronchial Secretion 168
9.1.4 Data Collected for Lung and Bronchial Secretion 168
9.1.5 Results Obtained with the Lung Tissue 168
9.1.6 Results Obtained with the Bronchial Secretion 170
9.2 Drug Transfer in the Blister Fluid 173
9.2.1 Short Bibliographical Survey 173
9.2.2 Mathematical and Numerical Treatment 175
9.2.2.1 Assumptions 175
9.2.2.2 Mathematical Treatment
of the Drug Transport 176
9.2.2.3 Administration of the Drug
through Short Infusions 176
9.2.2.4 Diffusion of the Drug through
the Capillary Wall 177
9.2.2.5 Numerical Analysis 177
9.2.3 Theoretical and Experimental Results 177
9.3 Drug Transfer into the Endocarditis 179
9.3.1 Short Bibliographical Survey 179
9.3.2 Mathematical and Numerical Treatment
of the Drug Transport 181
9.3.2.1 Assumptions 181
9.3.2.2 Mathematical Treatment 181
9.3.3 Results with the Drug Profiles in the Vegetation 182
References 183
Chapter 10 Transdermal Therapeutic Systems 187
Nomenclature 187
10.1 General Mechanisms of Drug Delivery 187
10.2 Overview of the Skin and Its Role 189
10.2.1 Main Characteristics and Properties of the Skin 189
10.2.2 Clinical Possibilities Offered by the Skin 190
10.3 Calculation of the Drug Transport 190
10.3.1 Assumptions 190
10.3.2 Calculation of the Drug Transfer
into the Blood 191
10.3.2.1 Transfer into the Blood Compartment 192
10.4 Results for the Transdermal Delivery
of Metoprolol 193
10.4.1 Experimental Part 193
10.4.1.1 Preparation of the Patch 193
10.4.1.2 Skin Permeation Studies 194
10.4.1.3 Bioavailability Studies 194
10.4.2 Results Obtained from In Vitro Experiments 194
10.4.3 Results Concerning In Vivo Experiments 196
10.4.4 Evaluation of the Plasma Drug Level 196
10.4.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects 198
10.5 Effect of the Characteristics of the TTS 199
10.5.1 Diffusion Controlled TTS with a Polymer Alone 200
10.5.1.1 Assumptions 201
10.5.2 Diffusion Controlled TTS with a Reservoir 204
10.5.2.1 Assumptions 204
10.5.3 TTS with Drug Release Controlled by Convection 206
10.6 Effect of the Skin Parameters 208
10.6.1 Increase in the Solubility of the Drug in the Skin 209
10.6.2 Increase in the Diffusivity of the Drug in the Skin 209
References 210
Conclusions 213
Author Index 217
Subject Index 221 |
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| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV022938894 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:57:34Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:08:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0849330440 9780849330445 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2005047109 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016143592 |
| oclc_num | 61351568 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM |
| physical | 223 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | CRC |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Vergnaud, Jean-Maurice Verfasser aut Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling Jean-Maurice Vergnaud ; Iosif-Daniel Rosca Boca Raton, FL CRC 2005 223 S. Ill., graph. Darst. 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Includes bibliographical references and index Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Mathématiques Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Méthodes statistiques Mathematik Drugs Dosage forms Mathematics Drugs Dosage forms Statistical methods Rosca, Iosif-Daniel Verfasser aut http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0647/2005047109-d.html Publisher description HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016143592&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Vergnaud, Jean-Maurice Rosca, Iosif-Daniel Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Mathématiques Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Méthodes statistiques Mathematik Drugs Dosage forms Mathematics Drugs Dosage forms Statistical methods |
| title | Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling |
| title_auth | Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling |
| title_exact_search | Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling |
| title_full | Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling Jean-Maurice Vergnaud ; Iosif-Daniel Rosca |
| title_fullStr | Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling Jean-Maurice Vergnaud ; Iosif-Daniel Rosca |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling Jean-Maurice Vergnaud ; Iosif-Daniel Rosca |
| title_short | Assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems |
| title_sort | assessing bioavailability of drug delivery systems mathematical modeling |
| title_sub | mathematical modeling |
| topic | Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Mathématiques Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Méthodes statistiques Mathematik Drugs Dosage forms Mathematics Drugs Dosage forms Statistical methods |
| topic_facet | Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Mathématiques Médicaments - Formes pharmaceutiques - Méthodes statistiques Mathematik Drugs Dosage forms Mathematics Drugs Dosage forms Statistical methods |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0647/2005047109-d.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016143592&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vergnaudjeanmaurice assessingbioavailabilityofdrugdeliverysystemsmathematicalmodeling AT roscaiosifdaniel assessingbioavailabilityofdrugdeliverysystemsmathematicalmodeling |