The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000: application of remote sensing and GIS
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Zürich
Geographisches Inst.
2006
|
| Series: | Schriftenreihe Physische Geographie
52 : Glaziologie und Geomorphodynamik |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Item Description: | Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 2003. - Zsfassung in dt. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | IX, 194 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3855432481 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 |b application of remote sensing and GIS |c Frank Paul |
| 264 | 1 | |a Zürich |b Geographisches Inst. |c 2006 | |
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| 502 | |a Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 2003 | ||
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | ШтшШШ
SUMMARY I
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
III
CONTENTS
V
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background
1
1.2.
Objectives
2
1.3.
General work flow
3
1.4.
Structure of the thesis
5
2.
GLACIERS
2.1.
Background
7
2.1.1.
Formation of glacier ice
........................................7
2.1.2.
Glacier zones
.................................................8
2.1.3.
Glacier fluctuations and climate change
..........................9
2.1.4.
Distribution of glaciers
.......................................10
2.1.5.
Glacier types
.................................................11
2.2.
Glacier monitoring
13
2.2.1.
Traditional data compilation
..................................13
2.2.2.
Use of optical remote sensing
..................................16
2.2.3.
Use of a geographic information system
(GIS)
...................18
2.3.
Environmental relevance of glaciers
19
2.3.1.
Glacier fluctuations and climate change
.........................19
2.3.2.
Glaciers and natural hazards
...................................21
2.3.3.
Glaciers influence on hydrology
...............................22
2.3.4.
Glacier melt and sea level rise
.................................22
3.
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM)
3.1.
Overview
23
3.1.1.
Definitions
..................................................23
3.1.2.
DEM Sources
................................................23
3.1.3.
The DEM25 from Swisstopo
...................................24
3.2.
DEM applications
27
3.2.1.
Previous studies
.............................................27
3.2.2.
DEM usage in the SGI
2000....................................28
4.
REMOTE SENSING
4.1.
Satellites and Sensors
33
4.1.1.
Overview
...................................................33
4.1.2.
Scene selection
..............................................37
4.1.3.
Geometric distortions of TM raw data
..........................39
4.2.
Geometric correction
41
4.2.1.
General remarks
.............................................41
4.2.2.
Application in the SGI
2000 ...................................43
4.3.
Atmosphere and terrain correction
44
4.3.1.
Radiation paths in rugged terrain
...............................44
4.3.2.
Usage in the SGI
2000.........................................46
4.3.3.
Consequences
...............................................47
4.4.
Digital image
processing techniques
48
4.4.1.
Spectral properties of ice and snow
.............................48
4.4.2.
Glacier classification methods
..................................50
4.5.
Image fusion
58
4.5.1.
Background
.................................................58
4.5.2.
Applications
.................................................58
5.
METHODS OF GLACIER MAPPING
5.1.
Glacier ice
61
5.1.1.
Previous work
...............................................61
5.1.2.
Comparison within one test region
.............................63
5.1.3.
Possible error sources
.........................................64
5.2.
Debris cover on glaciers
69
5.2.1.
Background and previous studies
..............................69
5.2.2.
The debris-cover mapping algorithm
...........................70
5.2.3.
Accuracy of the method
......................................73
5.3.
Mapping of snow cover on glaciers
75
5.3.1.
Background and previous studies
..............................75
5.3.2.
Mapping of snow in the SGI
2000...............................76
5.3.3.
Accuracy of snow-cover maps
.................................78
5.4.
General assessment of accuracy
79
5.4.1.
Comparison with higher resolution data
.........................79
5.4.2.
Summary of error sources
.....................................81
6.
GIS
6.1.
Introduction
83
6.1.1.
GIS
definition and basic terms
.................................83
6.1.2.
The
GIS Arc/Info
.............................................83
6.2.
The digitized Swiss glacier inventories of
1850
and
1973 85
6.2.1.
Previous work
...............................................85
6.2.2.
Digitizing of glacier outlines
...................................87
6.2.3.
Accuracy of glacier digitizing
..................................89
6.3.
Integration of TM-derived glacier maps into the
GIS
90
6.3.1.
The glacier outline vector layer
................................90
6.3.2.
The glacier basin vector layer
..................................90
6.3.3.
The ID vector layer
...........................................92
6.4.
Deriving glacier parameters
94
6.4.1.
Methods
....................................................94
6.4.2.
Parameterizations
............................................96
6.4.3.
Accuracy of the derived
3D
parameters
.........................98
6.5.
Data flow
99
7.
RESULTS
7.1.
Digitized glacier outlines
101
7.1.1.
Description of data sets
......................................101
7.1.2.
Visualizations with glacier outlines
............................102
7.2. 3D
glacier parameters for
1973 105
7.3.
Glacier change since
1973 110
7.3.1.
Change in area
..............................................110
7.3.2.
Change in length
............................................115
7.3.3.
Change of parameters from
1973
to
1998 ........................116
7.3.4.
Parameterizations
........................................... 117
7.4.
Discussion
120
7.4.1.
Changes in glacier area
.......................................120
7.4.2.
Comparison of decadal changes
...............................121
7.4.3.
Changes in glacier length
.....................................123
7.4.4.
Accumulation area ratios
....................................124
8.
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
8.1.
Conclusions
125
8.1.1.
Main results of
glacier change analyses
........................125
8.1.2.
Results of the DIP
- DEM -
GIS
approach
.......................125
8.1.3.
Technical problems
..........................................126
8.1.4.
Methodological problems
....................................127
8.2.
Perspectives
127
8.2.1.
Further applications of SGI
2000
data
..........................127
8.2.2.
Future global glacier monitoring (GLIMS)
......................128
8.2.3.
Future global glacier monitoring (WGMS)
......................129
REFERENCES
131
APPENDIX
155
A
1
Tables
157
A
2
Programs
160
A2.1. EASI
.......................................................160
A
2.2.
AML
......................................................162
A
2.3.
Fortran
....................................................166
A
2.4.
XMGR
.....................................................172
A
3
Figures
173
A
3.1.
Plots
.......................................................173
A
3.2.
Visuals 2D
..................................................173
A
3.3.
Visuals
3D..................................................189
A
4
Software
194
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
195
ABBREVIATIONS
197
Glacier changes
are among the best natural indicators of climatic change.The time
since the compilation of the last Swiss glacier inventory in 1
973
has been character¬
ized by significant glacier changes which are now assessed by a new inventory.
Application of high-resolution (ISmJ.multispectral satellite data in combination with
a Geographic Information System and a digital elevation model, enables automated
glacier inventorying and efficient data processing.The main focus of this work is to
compile and evaluate the methods required for glacier inventorying from satellite
data.Thereby.this work also serves as a pilot study for the Global Land Ice Measure¬
ments from Space (GLIMS) project which aims at a global glacier inventory from
spaceborne sensors.The main results of this work are:
•
A simple method (thresholded ratio images from Thematic Mapper (TM) bands
4
and
5)
provides the best results for glacier mapping. However,
pre-
and post¬
processing of satellite data is time consuming (e.g.
orthorectification,
glacier basin
delineation).
•
Glaciers in Switzerland lost nearly
20%
of their area from 1
985
to 1998.This gives
a seven-times higher decadal loss rate as compared to the period 1
850
to 1
973.
•
Small glaciers have contributed
disproportional
to the total loss of glacier area.
•
Glacier behaviour is spatially very heterogeneous and there is strong evidence for
d
own-wasting.
|
| adam_txt |
ШтшШШ
SUMMARY I
ZUSAMMENFASSUNG
III
CONTENTS
V
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background
1
1.2.
Objectives
2
1.3.
General work flow
3
1.4.
Structure of the thesis
5
2.
GLACIERS
2.1.
Background
7
2.1.1.
Formation of glacier ice
.7
2.1.2.
Glacier zones
.8
2.1.3.
Glacier fluctuations and climate change
.9
2.1.4.
Distribution of glaciers
.10
2.1.5.
Glacier types
.11
2.2.
Glacier monitoring
13
2.2.1.
Traditional data compilation
.13
2.2.2.
Use of optical remote sensing
.16
2.2.3.
Use of a geographic information system
(GIS)
.18
2.3.
Environmental relevance of glaciers
19
2.3.1.
Glacier fluctuations and climate change
.19
2.3.2.
Glaciers and natural hazards
.21
2.3.3.
Glaciers influence on hydrology
.22
2.3.4.
Glacier melt and sea level rise
.22
3.
DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL (DEM)
3.1.
Overview
23
3.1.1.
Definitions
.23
3.1.2.
DEM Sources
.23
3.1.3.
The DEM25 from Swisstopo
.24
3.2.
DEM applications
27
3.2.1.
Previous studies
.27
3.2.2.
DEM usage in the SGI
2000.28
4.
REMOTE SENSING
4.1.
Satellites and Sensors
33
4.1.1.
Overview
.33
4.1.2.
Scene selection
.37
4.1.3.
Geometric distortions of TM raw data
.39
4.2.
Geometric correction
41
4.2.1.
General remarks
.41
4.2.2.
Application in the SGI
2000 .43
4.3.
Atmosphere and terrain correction
44
4.3.1.
Radiation paths in rugged terrain
.44
4.3.2.
Usage in the SGI
2000.46
4.3.3.
Consequences
.47
4.4.
Digital image
processing techniques
48
4.4.1.
Spectral properties of ice and snow
.48
4.4.2.
Glacier classification methods
.50
4.5.
Image fusion
58
4.5.1.
Background
.58
4.5.2.
Applications
.58
5.
METHODS OF GLACIER MAPPING
5.1.
Glacier ice
61
5.1.1.
Previous work
.61
5.1.2.
Comparison within one test region
.63
5.1.3.
Possible error sources
.64
5.2.
Debris cover on glaciers
69
5.2.1.
Background and previous studies
.69
5.2.2.
The debris-cover mapping algorithm
.70
5.2.3.
Accuracy of the method
.73
5.3.
Mapping of snow cover on glaciers
75
5.3.1.
Background and previous studies
.75
5.3.2.
Mapping of snow in the SGI
2000.76
5.3.3.
Accuracy of snow-cover maps
.78
5.4.
General assessment of accuracy
79
5.4.1.
Comparison with higher resolution data
.79
5.4.2.
Summary of error sources
.81
6.
GIS
6.1.
Introduction
83
6.1.1.
GIS
definition and basic terms
.83
6.1.2.
The
GIS Arc/Info
.83
6.2.
The digitized Swiss glacier inventories of
1850
and
1973 85
6.2.1.
Previous work
.85
6.2.2.
Digitizing of glacier outlines
.87
6.2.3.
Accuracy of glacier digitizing
.89
6.3.
Integration of TM-derived glacier maps into the
GIS
90
6.3.1.
The glacier outline vector layer
.90
6.3.2.
The glacier basin vector layer
.90
6.3.3.
The ID vector layer
.92
6.4.
Deriving glacier parameters
94
6.4.1.
Methods
.94
6.4.2.
Parameterizations
.96
6.4.3.
Accuracy of the derived
3D
parameters
.98
6.5.
Data flow
99
7.
RESULTS
7.1.
Digitized glacier outlines
101
7.1.1.
Description of data sets
.101
7.1.2.
Visualizations with glacier outlines
.102
7.2. 3D
glacier parameters for
1973 105
7.3.
Glacier change since
1973 110
7.3.1.
Change in area
.110
7.3.2.
Change in length
.115
7.3.3.
Change of parameters from
1973
to
1998 .116
7.3.4.
Parameterizations
. 117
7.4.
Discussion
120
7.4.1.
Changes in glacier area
.120
7.4.2.
Comparison of decadal changes
.121
7.4.3.
Changes in glacier length
.123
7.4.4.
Accumulation area ratios
.124
8.
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES
8.1.
Conclusions
125
8.1.1.
Main results of
glacier change analyses
.125
8.1.2.
Results of the DIP
- DEM -
GIS
approach
.125
8.1.3.
Technical problems
.126
8.1.4.
Methodological problems
.127
8.2.
Perspectives
127
8.2.1.
Further applications of SGI
2000
data
.127
8.2.2.
Future global glacier monitoring (GLIMS)
.128
8.2.3.
Future global glacier monitoring (WGMS)
.129
REFERENCES
131
APPENDIX
155
A
1
Tables
157
A
2
Programs
160
A2.1. EASI
.160
A
2.2.
AML
.162
A
2.3.
Fortran
.166
A
2.4.
XMGR
.172
A
3
Figures
173
A
3.1.
Plots
.173
A
3.2.
Visuals 2D
.173
A
3.3.
Visuals
3D.189
A
4
Software
194
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
195
ABBREVIATIONS
197
Glacier changes
are among the best natural indicators of climatic change.The time
since the compilation of the last Swiss glacier inventory in 1
973
has been character¬
ized by significant glacier changes which are now assessed by a new inventory.
Application of high-resolution (ISmJ.multispectral satellite data in combination with
a Geographic Information System and a digital elevation model, enables automated
glacier inventorying and efficient data processing.The main focus of this work is to
compile and evaluate the methods required for glacier inventorying from satellite
data.Thereby.this work also serves as a pilot study for the Global Land Ice Measure¬
ments from Space (GLIMS) project which aims at a global glacier inventory from
spaceborne sensors.The main results of this work are:
•
A simple method (thresholded ratio images from Thematic Mapper (TM) bands
4
and
5)
provides the best results for glacier mapping. However,
pre-
and post¬
processing of satellite data is time consuming (e.g.
orthorectification,
glacier basin
delineation).
•
Glaciers in Switzerland lost nearly
20%
of their area from 1
985
to 1998.This gives
a seven-times higher decadal loss rate as compared to the period 1
850
to 1
973.
•
Small glaciers have contributed
disproportional
to the total loss of glacier area.
•
Glacier behaviour is spatially very heterogeneous and there is strong evidence for
d
own-wasting. |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Paul, Frank |
| author_facet | Paul, Frank |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Paul, Frank |
| author_variant | f p fp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022931011 |
| classification_rvk | RK 30387 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)212412901 (DE-599)BVBBV022931011 |
| discipline | Geographie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geographie |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Schweizer Alpen (DE-588)4077275-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Schweizer Alpen |
| id | DE-604.BV022931011 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:54:25Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:07:55Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3855432481 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016135827 |
| oclc_num | 212412901 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-29 DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-384 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-29 DE-739 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-384 DE-188 |
| physical | IX, 194 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Geographisches Inst. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Schriftenreihe Physische Geographie |
| series2 | Schriftenreihe Physische Geographie |
| spelling | Paul, Frank Verfasser aut The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS Frank Paul Zürich Geographisches Inst. 2006 IX, 194 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Schriftenreihe Physische Geographie 52 : Glaziologie und Geomorphodynamik Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 2003. - Zsfassung in dt. Sprache Zugl.: Zürich, Univ., Diss., 2003 Satellitenfernerkundung (DE-588)4224344-0 gnd rswk-swf Gletscherschwankung (DE-588)4157595-7 gnd rswk-swf Gletscherrückzug (DE-588)4294668-2 gnd rswk-swf Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd rswk-swf Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 gnd rswk-swf Schweizer Alpen (DE-588)4077275-5 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Schweizer Alpen (DE-588)4077275-5 g Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 s Gletscherschwankung (DE-588)4157595-7 s Gletscherrückzug (DE-588)4294668-2 s Satellitenfernerkundung (DE-588)4224344-0 s Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 s 1\p DE-604 Schriftenreihe Physische Geographie 52 : Glaziologie und Geomorphodynamik (DE-604)BV026608940 52 Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016135827&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Passau application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016135827&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Paul, Frank The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS Schriftenreihe Physische Geographie Satellitenfernerkundung (DE-588)4224344-0 gnd Gletscherschwankung (DE-588)4157595-7 gnd Gletscherrückzug (DE-588)4294668-2 gnd Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4224344-0 (DE-588)4157595-7 (DE-588)4294668-2 (DE-588)4261642-6 (DE-588)4137668-7 (DE-588)4077275-5 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS |
| title_auth | The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS |
| title_exact_search | The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS |
| title_full | The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS Frank Paul |
| title_fullStr | The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS Frank Paul |
| title_full_unstemmed | The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and GIS Frank Paul |
| title_short | The new Swiss glacier inventory 2000 |
| title_sort | the new swiss glacier inventory 2000 application of remote sensing and gis |
| title_sub | application of remote sensing and GIS |
| topic | Satellitenfernerkundung (DE-588)4224344-0 gnd Gletscherschwankung (DE-588)4157595-7 gnd Gletscherrückzug (DE-588)4294668-2 gnd Geoinformationssystem (DE-588)4261642-6 gnd Gletscher (DE-588)4137668-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Satellitenfernerkundung Gletscherschwankung Gletscherrückzug Geoinformationssystem Gletscher Schweizer Alpen Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016135827&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016135827&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV026608940 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT paulfrank thenewswissglacierinventory2000applicationofremotesensingandgis |