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| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York ; London
W.W. Norton & company
[2007]
|
| Edition: | Fourth edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | xvi, 576, A-121 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| ISBN: | 0393929728 0393930432 9780393929720 9780393930436 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Statistics |c David Freedman ; Robert Pisani ; Roger Purves |
| 250 | |a Fourth edition | ||
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|---|---|
| adam_text | IMAGE 1
DAVID FREEDMAN
ROBERT PISANI ROGER PURVES
STATISTICS
FOURTH EDITION UNIVERSITATS- UND LANDE;;- F BIBLIOTHEK DARMSTADT
BIBLIOTHEK BIOLORIIE F
W * W * NORTON & COMPANY
NEW YORK * LONDON
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
PREFACE XV
PART I. DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
CHAPTER 1. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS 1. THE SALK VACCINE FIELD TRIAL 3 2.
THE PORTACAVAL SHUNT 7 3. HISTORICAL CONTROLS 8 4. SUMMARY 10
CHAPTER 2. OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
1. INTRODUCTION 12 2. THE CLOFIBRATE TRIAL 13 3. MORE EXAMPLES 15 4. SEX
BIAS IN GRADUATE ADMISSIONS
5. CONFOUNDING 20 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 24 7. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 27
12
17
PART II. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
CHAPTER 3. THE HISTOGRAM 1. INTRODUCTION 31 2. DRAWING A HISTOGRAM
31
35
3. THE DENSITY SCALE .38 4. VARIABLES 42 7
5. CONTROLLING FOR A VARIABLE 45 6. CROSS-TABULATION 47 7. SELECTIVE
BREEDING 48 8. REVIEW EXERCISES 50
9. SUMMARY 56 *
CHAPTER 4. THE AVERAGE AND THE STANDARD DEVIATION
1. INTRODUCTION 57 2. THE AVERAGE 58 3. THE AVERAGE AND THE HISTOGRAM ,
61 4. THE ROOT-MEAN-SQUARE * 66
5. THE STANDARD DEVIATION 67 6. COMPUTING THE STANDARD DEVIATION 71 7.
USING A STATISTICAL CALCULATOR 74 8. REVIEW EXERCISES 74 . * * *
9. SUMMARY 76
57
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 5. THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION FOR DATA
1. THE NORMAL CURVE 78 2. FINDING AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE 82 3. THE
NORMAL APPROXIMATION FOR DATA 85 4. PERCENTILES 88
5. PERCENTILES AND THE NORMAL CURVE 90 .,, 6. CHANGE OF SCALE 92 7.
REVIEW EXERCISES 93 8. SUMMARY 96
CHAPTER 6. MEASUREMENT ERROR . . -X / . ; V
:* 1. INTRODUCTION 97 ...-,* : .. . .
2. CHANCE ERROR 97 . , . ; .
3. OUTLIERS 102 ; *
4. BIAS 103 T /
5. REVIEW EXERCISES 104 6. SPECIAL REVIEW EXERCISES 105 7. SUMMARY AND
OVERVIEW 108 * ? * . * *. * * *.: * Y
CHAPTER 7. PLOTTING POINTS AND LINES ** - *
1. READING POINTS OFF A GRAPH 110 2. PLOTTING POINTS, 112 3. SLOPE AND
INTERCEPT 113 4. PLOTTING LINES 114
5. THE ALGEBRAIC EQUATION FOR A LINE 115
78
97
110
PART III. CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
, CHAPTER 8. CORRELATION , .,
1. THE SCATTER DIAGRAM 119 2. THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT 125 3. THE SD
LINE 130 . - - * * - * -*
4. COMPUTING THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT 132 . , 5. REVIEW EXERCISES
134 _. _ . _
6. SUMMARY 139 , ,.
C H A P T ER 9. M O RE ABOUT CORRELATION . . , % .- -,
1. FEATURES OF THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT. A . ; , ,.
2. CHANGING SDS 144 3. SOME EXCEPTIONAL CASES --, R 147, .- .**%*
4. ECOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS 148 .
5. ASSOCIATION IS NOT CAUSATION 150 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 153 7. SUMMARY
157 :
119
141
CHAPTER 10. REGRESSION
1. INTRODUCTION 158 2. THE GRAPH OF AVERAGES
158
162
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS IX
3. THE REGRESSION METHOD FOR INDIVIDUALS * 165 4. THE REGRESSION
FALLACY 169 .,,.
5. THERE ARE TWO REGRESSION LINES 174 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 176 7.
SUMMARY 178 V
CHAPTER 11. THE R.M.S. ERROR FOR REGRESSION
1. INTRODUCTION 180 2. COMPUTING THE R.M.S. ERROR 185 3. PLOTTING THE
RESIDUALS 187 . ., . - - . . *.
4. LOOKING AT VERTICAL STRIPS ,190 5. USING THE NORMAL CURVE INSIDE A
VERTICAL STRIP 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 198
7. SUMMARY 201 *
CHAPTER 12. THE REGRESSION LINE
1. SLOPE AND INTERCEPT 202 2. THE METHOD OF LEAST SQUARES 2 0 8. 3. DOES
THE REGRESSION MAKE SENSE? 211 4. REVIEW EXERCISES -.213 , .; .... *
,,,.,*
5. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 216 .
180
195 *
202
PART IV. PROBABILITY.
CHAPTER 13. WHAT ARE THE CHANCES? .
1. INTRODUCTION 221 * . J,
2. CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES 226 3. THE MULTIPLICATION RULE 228 4.
INDEPENDENCE 230 5. THE .COLLINS CASE 233
6. REVIEW EXERCISES 234 -***.. R .-.
R. - 7. SUMMARY 236 - . .,.-.
CHAPTER 14. MORE ABOUT CHANCE . ,. ^ ^ .
1. LISTING THE WAYS 237 . . , , :
2. THE ADDITION RULE- 241 . . , S .
3. TWO FAQS (FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS) ,243 4. THE PARADOX OF THE
CHEVALIER DE MERE 248 5. ARE REAL DICE FAIR? 252
6. REVIEW EXERCISES 252: ; . : . * .. *
7. SUMMARY 254 : - ^U
CHAPTER 15. THE BINOMIAL FORMULA
* -* 1. INTRODUCTION 255 V , * : * ;:** .
2. THE BINOMIAL FORMULA 259 , , ; :
3. REVIEW EXERCISES *261,, . * - , . * * . , .-
4. SPECIAL REVIEW EXERCISES 263 * . V ,
5. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 268
221
237
255
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
PARTV. CHANCE VARIABILITY
CHAPTER 16. THE LAW OF AVERAGES
1. WHAT DOES THE LAW OF AVERAGES SAY? 273 2. CHANCE PROCESSES 278 3. THE
SUM OF DRAWS 279 4. MAKING A BOX MODEL 281
5. REVIEW EXERCISES 285 6. SUMMARY 287
CHAPTER 17. THE EXPECTED VALUE AND STANDARD ERROR
1. THE EXPECTED VALUE 288 2. THE STANDARD ERROR 290 3. USING THE NORMAL
CURVE 294 4. ASHORT-CUT 298
5. CLASSIFYING AND COUNTING 299 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 304 7. POSTSCRIPT
307
8. SUMMARY 307
CHAPTER 18. THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION FOR PROBABILITY HISTOGRAMS
1. INTRODUCTION 308 2. PROBABILITY HISTOGRAMS 310 3. PROBABILITY
HISTOGRAMS AND THE NORMAL CURVE 315 4. THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION 317 5.
THE SCOPE OF THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION 319 6. CONCLUSION 325 7. REVIEW
EXERCISES 327
8. SUMMARY 329
273
288
308
PART VL SAMPLING
CHAPTER 19. SAMPLE SURVEYS
1. INTRODUCTION 333 2. THE LITERARY DIGEST POLL 334 3. THE YEAR THE
POLLS ELECTED DEWEY 337 4. USING CHANCE IN SURVEY WORK 339 5. HOW WELL
DO PROBABILITY METHODS WORK? 342 6. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE GALLUP POLL 343
7. TELEPHONE SURVEYS 346
8. CHANCE ERROR AND BIAS 348 9. REVIEW EXERCISES 351 10. SUMMARY 353
CHAPTER 20. CHANCE ERRORS IN SAMPLING
1. INTRODUCTION 355 2. THE EXPECTED VALUE AND STANDARD ERROR 359 3.
USING THE NORMAL CURVE 362
333
355
IMAGE 6
CONTENTS
4. THE CORRECTION FACTOR 367 , . ..
5. THE GALLUP POLL 370 .
6. REVIEW EXERCISES 371 .
7. SUMMARY ~ 373
CHAPTER 21. THE ACCURACY OF PERCENTAGES .
1. INTRODUCTION 375 2. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS 381 3. INTERPRETING A
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 383 : 4. CAVEAT EMPTOR 387
5. THE GALLUP POLL 389 6. REVIEW EXERCISES, 391 7. SUMMARY 394
CHAPTER 22. MEASURING EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
1. INTRODUCTION 395 2. THE DESIGN OF THE CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY 396
3. CARRYING OUT THE SURVEY 398 4. WEIGHTING THE SAMPLE 401
5. STANDARD ERRORS 402 6. THE QUALITY OF THE DATA 404 7. BIAS 404
8. REVIEW^XERCISES 3 405 9. SUMMARY 407
CHAPTER 23. THE ACCURACY OF AVERAGES
1. INTRODUCTION 409 2. THE SAMPLE AVERAGE 415 3. WHICH SE? 422
4. A REMINDER 424 5. REVIEW EXERCISES 425 6. SPECIAL REVIEW EXERCISES
428 7. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 436
375
395
409
PART VII. CHANCE MODELS
CHAPTER 24. A MODEL FOR MEASUREMENT ERROR 1. ESTIMATING THE ACCURACY OF
AN AVERAGE 441 2. CHANCE MODELS 445 3. THE GAUSS MODEL 450 4. CONCLUSION
454
5. REVIEW EXERCISES 455 6. SUMMARY 457
CHAPTER 25. CHANCE MODELS IN GENETICS
1. HOW MENDEL DISCOVERED GENES 458 2. DID MENDEL S FACTS FIT HIS
MODEL? 463 3. THE LAW OF REGRESSION 465
441
458
IMAGE 7
XII CONTENTS
4. AN APPRECIATION OF THE MODEL 5. REVIEW EXERCISES 470 6. SUMMARY AND
OVERVIEW 471
468
PART VIII. TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
CHAPTER 26. TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE ,
1. INTRODUCTION 475 *
2. THE NULL AND THE ALTERNATIVE 477 3. TEST STATISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE
LEVELS 478: 4. MAKING A TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE 482 5. ZERO-ONE BOXES 483
6. THEF-TEST 488
7. REVIEW EXERCISES 495 :-** . * ;
8. SUMMARY 500 . : . ..
CHAPTER 27.. MORE TESTS FOR AVERAGES
1. THE STANDARD ERROR FOR A DIFFERENCE 501 ... : . 2. COMPARING TWO
SAMPLE AVERAGES 503 *-* :** 3. EXPERIMENTS 508 * * . : ** :
4. MORE ON EXPERIMENTS ; 512 *
5. WHEN DOES THE Z-TEST APPLY? 517 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 518 ** !.*....
7. SUMMARY 521
CHAPTER 28. THE CHI-SQUARE TEST . ,
1. INTRODUCTION 523 : -. .
2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE X 2 -TEST 530: .; :
3. HOW FISHER USED THE X 2 -TEST 533 4. TESTING INDEPENDENCE 535 - .- *
. : *
5. REVIEW EXERCISES 540 -* * . : I
6. SUMMARY 544 . * * * * ; , ..
CHAPTER 29. A CLOSER LOOK AT TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
1. WAS THE RESULT SIGNIFICANT? 545 -
2. DATA SNOOPING 547 3. WAS THE RESULT IMPORTANT? 552 V
4. THE ROLE OF THE MODEL * 555 ;
5. DOES THE DIFFERENCE PROVE THE POINT? -560 - 6. CONCLUSION 562 *
**
7. REVIEW EXERCISES 563 * : 8. SPECIAL REVIEW EXERCISES 565 - *
9. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 576 *
N O T ES - * * ***-.
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES - * ** * *
TABLES ** *
INDEX
475
501
523
545
A3 A43 A104 A107
|
| adam_txt |
IMAGE 1
DAVID FREEDMAN
ROBERT PISANI ROGER PURVES
STATISTICS
FOURTH EDITION UNIVERSITATS- UND LANDE;;- F BIBLIOTHEK DARMSTADT \
BIBLIOTHEK BIOLORIIE F
W * W * NORTON & COMPANY
NEW YORK * LONDON
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
PREFACE XV
PART I. DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS
CHAPTER 1. CONTROLLED EXPERIMENTS 1. THE SALK VACCINE FIELD TRIAL 3 2.
THE PORTACAVAL SHUNT 7 3. HISTORICAL CONTROLS 8 4. SUMMARY 10
CHAPTER 2. OBSERVATIONAL STUDIES
1. INTRODUCTION 12 2. THE CLOFIBRATE TRIAL 13 3. MORE EXAMPLES 15 4. SEX
BIAS IN GRADUATE ADMISSIONS
5. CONFOUNDING 20 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 24 7. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 27
12
17
PART II. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
CHAPTER 3. THE HISTOGRAM 1. INTRODUCTION 31 2. DRAWING A HISTOGRAM
31
35
3. THE DENSITY SCALE .38 4. VARIABLES 42 ' 7
5. CONTROLLING FOR A VARIABLE 45 6. CROSS-TABULATION 47 7. SELECTIVE
BREEDING 48 8. REVIEW EXERCISES 50
9. SUMMARY 56 ' *
CHAPTER 4. THE AVERAGE AND THE STANDARD DEVIATION
1. INTRODUCTION 57 2. THE AVERAGE 58 3. THE AVERAGE AND THE HISTOGRAM ,
61 4. THE ROOT-MEAN-SQUARE * 66
5. THE STANDARD DEVIATION 67 6. COMPUTING THE STANDARD DEVIATION 71 7.
USING A STATISTICAL CALCULATOR 74 8. REVIEW EXERCISES 74 . * ' * '*
9. SUMMARY 76
57
IMAGE 3
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 5. THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION FOR DATA
1. THE NORMAL CURVE 78 2. FINDING AREAS UNDER THE NORMAL CURVE 82 3. THE
NORMAL APPROXIMATION FOR DATA 85 4. PERCENTILES 88
5. PERCENTILES AND THE NORMAL CURVE 90 .,, 6. CHANGE OF SCALE 92 7.
REVIEW EXERCISES 93 8. SUMMARY 96
CHAPTER 6. MEASUREMENT ERROR . . -X / . ; V
:* 1. INTRODUCTION 97 .-,* : . . .
2. CHANCE ERROR 97 . , . ; .
3. OUTLIERS 102 "''"'' ' ';' '* '
4. BIAS 103 T ' " ' '/' "
5. REVIEW EXERCISES 104 6. SPECIAL REVIEW EXERCISES 105 7. SUMMARY AND
OVERVIEW 108 * ? * . * *. * *' *.: * Y
CHAPTER 7. PLOTTING POINTS AND LINES **' -''*"'
1. READING POINTS OFF A GRAPH 110 2. PLOTTING POINTS, 112 3. SLOPE AND
INTERCEPT 113 4. PLOTTING LINES 114
5. THE ALGEBRAIC EQUATION FOR A LINE 115
78
97
110
PART III. CORRELATION AND REGRESSION
, CHAPTER 8. CORRELATION , .,
1. THE SCATTER DIAGRAM 119 2. THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT 125" 3. THE SD
LINE 130 . " ' - - ' ' " * * - * -*
4. COMPUTING THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT 132 .' , 5. REVIEW EXERCISES
134 _. _ . ' \ _
6. SUMMARY 139 " ,',.
C H A P T ER 9. M O RE ABOUT CORRELATION '.' . ',"%".-' -,
1. FEATURES OF THE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT. \ A \ . ; , ,.
2. CHANGING SDS 144 3. SOME EXCEPTIONAL CASES --, R 147, .- .**%*
4. ECOLOGICAL CORRELATIONS 148 .
5. ASSOCIATION IS NOT CAUSATION 150 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 153 7. SUMMARY
157 ' :'' '
119
141
CHAPTER 10. REGRESSION
1. INTRODUCTION 158 2. THE GRAPH OF AVERAGES
158
162
IMAGE 4
CONTENTS' IX
3. THE REGRESSION METHOD FOR INDIVIDUALS *' 165 4. THE REGRESSION
FALLACY 169 .,,.
5. THERE ARE TWO REGRESSION LINES 174 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 176' 7.
SUMMARY 178 V "
CHAPTER 11. THE R.M.S. ERROR FOR REGRESSION
1. INTRODUCTION 180 2. COMPUTING THE R.M.S. ERROR 185 3. PLOTTING THE
RESIDUALS 187 . ., . - - . . *.
4. LOOKING AT VERTICAL STRIPS ,190 5. USING THE NORMAL CURVE INSIDE A
VERTICAL STRIP 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 198
7. SUMMARY 201 * '
CHAPTER 12. THE REGRESSION LINE
1. SLOPE AND INTERCEPT 202 2. THE METHOD OF LEAST SQUARES 2 0 8. 3. DOES
THE REGRESSION MAKE SENSE? 211 4. REVIEW EXERCISES -.213 , .; . *
,,,.,*
5. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 216 " ' .
180
195 *
202
PART IV. PROBABILITY.
CHAPTER 13. WHAT ARE THE CHANCES? . ''
1. INTRODUCTION 221 *' . J,
2. CONDITIONAL PROBABILITIES 226 3. THE MULTIPLICATION RULE 228 4.
INDEPENDENCE 230 5. THE .COLLINS CASE 233
6. REVIEW EXERCISES 234 -***. R .-.
R. - 7. SUMMARY 236 - . .,.-.
CHAPTER 14. MORE ABOUT CHANCE . ,. ^ ^'."
1. LISTING THE WAYS 237 . . , , :
2. THE ADDITION RULE- 241 . . , S .
3. TWO FAQS (FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS) ,243 4. THE PARADOX OF THE
CHEVALIER DE MERE 248 5. ARE REAL DICE FAIR? 252
6. REVIEW EXERCISES 252: ; . : . * . *
7. SUMMARY 254 : - ^U
CHAPTER 15. THE BINOMIAL FORMULA
'*'-* 1. INTRODUCTION 255 V ', * : *';:**'.
2. THE BINOMIAL FORMULA 259 , , ; :
3. REVIEW EXERCISES '*261,, . * - , . * * . , .-
4. SPECIAL REVIEW EXERCISES 263 * . V ,
5. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 268
221
237
255
IMAGE 5
CONTENTS
PARTV. CHANCE VARIABILITY
CHAPTER 16. THE LAW OF AVERAGES
1. WHAT DOES THE LAW OF AVERAGES SAY? 273 2. CHANCE PROCESSES 278 3. THE
SUM OF DRAWS 279 4. MAKING A BOX MODEL 281
5. REVIEW EXERCISES 285 6. SUMMARY 287
CHAPTER 17. THE EXPECTED VALUE AND STANDARD ERROR
1. THE EXPECTED VALUE 288 2. THE STANDARD ERROR 290 3. USING THE NORMAL
CURVE 294 4. ASHORT-CUT 298
5. CLASSIFYING AND COUNTING 299 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 304 7. POSTSCRIPT
307
8. SUMMARY 307
CHAPTER 18. THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION FOR PROBABILITY HISTOGRAMS
1. INTRODUCTION 308 2. PROBABILITY HISTOGRAMS 310 3. PROBABILITY
HISTOGRAMS AND THE NORMAL CURVE 315 4. THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION 317 5.
THE SCOPE OF THE NORMAL APPROXIMATION 319 6. CONCLUSION 325 7. REVIEW
EXERCISES 327
8. SUMMARY 329
273
288
308
PART VL SAMPLING
CHAPTER 19. SAMPLE SURVEYS
1. INTRODUCTION 333 2. THE LITERARY DIGEST POLL 334 3. THE YEAR THE
POLLS ELECTED DEWEY 337 4. USING CHANCE IN SURVEY WORK 339 5. HOW WELL
DO PROBABILITY METHODS WORK? 342 6. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE GALLUP POLL 343
7. TELEPHONE SURVEYS 346
8. CHANCE ERROR AND BIAS 348 9. REVIEW EXERCISES 351 10. SUMMARY 353
CHAPTER 20. CHANCE ERRORS IN SAMPLING
1. INTRODUCTION 355 2. THE EXPECTED VALUE AND STANDARD ERROR 359 3.
USING THE NORMAL CURVE 362
333
355
IMAGE 6
CONTENTS
4. THE CORRECTION FACTOR 367 , . .
5. THE GALLUP POLL 370 .
6. REVIEW EXERCISES 371 .
7. SUMMARY ~ 373
CHAPTER 21. THE ACCURACY OF PERCENTAGES .
1. INTRODUCTION 375 2. CONFIDENCE INTERVALS 381 3. INTERPRETING A
CONFIDENCE INTERVAL 383 : 4. CAVEAT EMPTOR ' 387
5. THE GALLUP POLL 389 6. REVIEW EXERCISES, 391 7. SUMMARY 394
CHAPTER 22. MEASURING EMPLOYMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT
1. INTRODUCTION 395 2. THE DESIGN OF THE CURRENT POPULATION SURVEY 396
3. CARRYING OUT THE SURVEY 398 4. WEIGHTING THE SAMPLE 401
5. STANDARD ERRORS 402 6. THE QUALITY OF THE DATA 404 7. BIAS 404
8. REVIEW^XERCISES 3 405 9. SUMMARY 407
CHAPTER 23. THE ACCURACY OF AVERAGES
1. INTRODUCTION 409 2. THE SAMPLE AVERAGE 415 3. WHICH SE? 422
4. A REMINDER 424 5. REVIEW "EXERCISES 425 6. SPECIAL REVIEW EXERCISES
428 7. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 436
375
395
409
PART VII. CHANCE MODELS
CHAPTER 24. A MODEL FOR MEASUREMENT ERROR 1. ESTIMATING THE ACCURACY OF
AN AVERAGE 441 2. CHANCE MODELS 445 3. THE GAUSS MODEL 450 4. CONCLUSION
454
5. REVIEW EXERCISES 455 6. SUMMARY 457
CHAPTER 25. CHANCE MODELS IN GENETICS
1. HOW MENDEL DISCOVERED GENES " 458 2. DID MENDEL'S FACTS FIT HIS
MODEL? 463 3. THE LAW OF REGRESSION 465
441
458
IMAGE 7
XII CONTENTS
4. AN APPRECIATION OF THE MODEL 5. REVIEW EXERCISES 470 6. SUMMARY AND
OVERVIEW 471
468
PART VIII. TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
CHAPTER 26. TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE ,
1. INTRODUCTION 475 *
2. THE NULL AND THE ALTERNATIVE 477 3. TEST STATISTICS AND SIGNIFICANCE
LEVELS 478: 4. MAKING A TEST OF SIGNIFICANCE 482 5. ZERO-ONE BOXES 483
6. THEF-TEST 488
7. REVIEW EXERCISES 495 :-** . * ;
8. SUMMARY 500 . : . .
CHAPTER 27. MORE TESTS FOR AVERAGES
1. THE STANDARD ERROR FOR A DIFFERENCE 501 . : . 2. COMPARING TWO
SAMPLE AVERAGES 503 " *-* :** 3. EXPERIMENTS 508 * * . : ** " :
4. MORE ON EXPERIMENTS ; 512 *
5. WHEN DOES THE Z-TEST APPLY? 517 6. REVIEW EXERCISES 518 ** !.*.
7. SUMMARY 521
CHAPTER 28. THE CHI-SQUARE TEST . ,
1. INTRODUCTION 523 : -.'.'
2. THE STRUCTURE OF THE X 2 -TEST 530: .; :
3. HOW FISHER USED THE X 2 -TEST 533 4. TESTING INDEPENDENCE 535 - .- *
. : *
5. REVIEW EXERCISES 540 -* * . : I
6. SUMMARY 544 . * * * * ; , .
CHAPTER 29. A CLOSER LOOK AT TESTS OF SIGNIFICANCE
1. WAS THE RESULT SIGNIFICANT? ' 545 ' " '' -
2. DATA SNOOPING 547 3. WAS THE RESULT IMPORTANT? 552 V '
4. THE ROLE OF THE MODEL * 555';' '"'
5. DOES THE DIFFERENCE PROVE THE POINT? '-560 - 6. CONCLUSION 562 '* '
'**
7. REVIEW EXERCISES 563 *' : 8. SPECIAL REVIEW EXERCISES 565 - *
9. SUMMARY AND OVERVIEW 576 * '
N O T ES - *' * ***-.
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES -' *"''** * *
TABLES **"*
INDEX
475
501
523
545
A3' A43 A104 A107 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Freedman, David 1938-2008 Pisani, Robert Purves, Roger |
| author_GND | (DE-588)132210819 (DE-588)1299060102 (DE-588)1299060722 |
| author_facet | Freedman, David 1938-2008 Pisani, Robert Purves, Roger |
| author_role | aut aut aut |
| author_sort | Freedman, David 1938-2008 |
| author_variant | d f df r p rp r p rp |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022881979 |
| callnumber-first | Q - Science |
| callnumber-label | QA276 |
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| callnumber-sort | QA 3276 |
| callnumber-subject | QA - Mathematics |
| classification_rvk | QH 231 SK 840 SK 850 |
| classification_tum | MAT 620f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)76142955 (DE-599)BVBBV022881979 |
| dewey-full | 519.5 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 519 - Probabilities and applied mathematics |
| dewey-raw | 519.5 |
| dewey-search | 519.5 |
| dewey-sort | 3519.5 |
| dewey-tens | 510 - Mathematics |
| discipline | Mathematik Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Mathematik Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | Fourth edition |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Einführung |
| id | DE-604.BV022881979 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:50:48Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T21:07:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0393929728 0393930432 9780393929720 9780393930436 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016086939 |
| oclc_num | 76142955 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 DE-2070s DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-526 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-739 DE-20 DE-861 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 DE-2070s DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-526 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-739 DE-20 DE-861 DE-83 |
| physical | xvi, 576, A-121 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | W.W. Norton & company |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Freedman, David 1938-2008 (DE-588)132210819 aut Statistics David Freedman ; Robert Pisani ; Roger Purves Fourth edition New York ; London W.W. Norton & company [2007] xvi, 576, A-121 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Statistique mathématique - Manuels d'enseignement supérieur Mathematical statistics Textbooks Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 s b DE-604 Pisani, Robert (DE-588)1299060102 aut Purves, Roger (DE-588)1299060722 aut GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016086939&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Freedman, David 1938-2008 Pisani, Robert Purves, Roger Statistics Statistique mathématique - Manuels d'enseignement supérieur Mathematical statistics Textbooks Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056995-0 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Statistics |
| title_auth | Statistics |
| title_exact_search | Statistics |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Statistics |
| title_full | Statistics David Freedman ; Robert Pisani ; Roger Purves |
| title_fullStr | Statistics David Freedman ; Robert Pisani ; Roger Purves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistics David Freedman ; Robert Pisani ; Roger Purves |
| title_short | Statistics |
| title_sort | statistics |
| topic | Statistique mathématique - Manuels d'enseignement supérieur Mathematical statistics Textbooks Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Statistique mathématique - Manuels d'enseignement supérieur Mathematical statistics Textbooks Statistik Einführung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016086939&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT freedmandavid statistics AT pisanirobert statistics AT purvesroger statistics |