Enzymes in industry: production and applications
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weinheim
WILEY-VCH
2007
|
| Edition: | 3., completely rev. edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXVI, 489 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527316892 3527316892 |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV022867679 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20230127 | ||
| 007 | t | ||
| 008 | 071005s2007 gw ad|| |||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 015 | |a 07,N20,1039 |2 dnb | ||
| 016 | 7 | |a 983933553 |2 DE-101 | |
| 020 | |a 9783527316892 |c Gb. : ca. EUR 159.00 (freier Pr.), ca. sfr 251.00 (freier Pr.) |9 978-3-527-31689-2 | ||
| 020 | |a 3527316892 |c Gb. : ca. EUR 159.00 (freier Pr.), ca. sfr 251.00 (freier Pr.) |9 3-527-31689-2 | ||
| 024 | 3 | |a 9783527316892 | |
| 028 | 5 | 2 | |a 1131689 000 |
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)190867169 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)DNB983933553 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e rakddb | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a gw |c XA-DE-BW | ||
| 049 | |a DE-384 |a DE-703 |a DE-91G |a DE-92 |a DE-20 |a DE-1102 |a DE-526 |a DE-83 | ||
| 050 | 0 | |a TP248.65.E59 | |
| 082 | 0 | |a 660.6/34 |2 22 | |
| 084 | |a VK 8700 |0 (DE-625)147548:253 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a VN 7280 |0 (DE-625)147615:253 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a WC 4350 |0 (DE-625)148095: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a WF 9735 |0 (DE-625)148464: |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a VN 8700 |0 (DE-625)147631:253 |2 rvk | ||
| 084 | |a 540 |2 sdnb | ||
| 084 | |a CIT 970f |2 stub | ||
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Enzymes in industry |b production and applications |c ed. by Wolfgang Aehle |
| 250 | |a 3., completely rev. edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b WILEY-VCH |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXVI, 489 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Biotechnology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Enzymes | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Enzymes |x Biotechnology | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Enzymes |x Industrial applications | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Industry | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Enzymtechnologie |0 (DE-588)4135962-8 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Enzymtechnologie |0 (DE-588)4135962-8 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Aehle, Wolfgang |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |q text/html |u http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2945668&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm |3 Inhaltstext |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung UB Augsburg |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016072836&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016072836 | |
Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1805089475192160256 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Contents
Preface
to the Third Edition XV
List of Contributors
XVII
Abbreviations
ХХШ
1
Introduction
1
1
History
1
1.2
Enzyme Nomenclature
4
1.2.1
General Principles of Nomenclature
5
1 .2.2
Classification and Numbering of Enzymes
5
1.3
Structure of Enzymes
7
1.3.1
Primary Structure
7
1.3.2
Three-Dimensional Structure
7
1.3.3
Quaternary Structure, Folding, and Domains
8
1.3.4
The Ribozyme
11
1.4
Enzymes and Molecular Biology
12
1.4.1
Biosynthesis of Enzymes
12
1.4.2
Enzymes and
DNA 12
2
Catalytic Activity of Enzymes
13
2.1
Factors Governing Catalytic Activity
15
2.1.1
Temperature IS
2.1.2
Value of
pH 16
2.1.3
Activation
16
2.1.4
Inhibition
16
2.1.5
Allostery
18
2.1.6
Biogenic Regulation of Activity
19
2.2
Enzyme Assays
21
2.2.1
Reaction Rate as a Measure of Catalytic Activity
21
2.2.2
Definition of Units
21
2.2.3
Absorption Photometry
22
2.2.4
Fluorometry
24
2.2.5
Luminometry
24
2.2.6
Radiometry
25
Enzymes in Industry. Edited by Wolfgang Aehle
Copyright
© 2007
W1LEY-VCH
Verlag
GmbH
&
Co. KGaA,
Weinheim
ISBN:
978-3-527-31689-2
vi
Contents
2.2.7
Potentiometry
25
2.2.8
Conductometry
26
2.2.9
Calorimetry
26
2.2.10
Polarimetry
26
2.2.11
Manometry
26
2.2.12
Viscosimetry
26
2.2.13
Turbidìmetry
27
2.2.14
Immobilized Enzymes
27
2.2.15
Electrophoresis
27
2.3
Quality Evaluation of Enzyme Preparations
29
2.3.1
Quality Criteria
29
2.3.2
Specific Activity
29
2.3.3
Protein Determination
30
2.3.4
Contaminating Activities
31
2.3.5
Electrophoretic Purity
31
2.3.6
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
32
2.3.7
Performance Test
32
2.3.8
Amino
Acid Analysis and Protein Sequence Analysis
32
2.3.9
Stability
33
2.3.10
Formulation of Enzyme Preparations
33
3
General Production Methods
35
3.1
Microbial Production
35
3.1.1
Organism and Enzyme Synthesis
35
3.1.2
Strain Improvement
38
3.1.3
Physiological Optimization
39
3.1.4
The
Fermentar
and its Limitations
42
3.1.5
Process Design
44
3.1.6
Modeling and Optimization
46
3.1.7
Instrumentation and Control
47
3.2
Isolation and Purification
48
3.2.1
Preparation of Biological Starting Materials
48
3.2.1.1
Cell Disruption by Mechanical Methods
50
3.2.1.2
Cell Disruption by Nonmechanical Methods
50
3.2.2.
Separation of Solid Matter
52
3.2.2.1
Filtration
51
3.2.2.2
Centrifugation
52
3.2.2.3
Extraction
54
3.2.2.4
Flocculation and Flotation
54
3.2.3
Concentration
55
3.2.3.1
Thermal Methods
55
3.2.3.2
Precipitation
55
3.2.3.3
■ Ultrafiltration 56
3.2.4
Purification
58
Contents
VII
3.2.4.1
Crystallization
59
3.2.4.2
'Electrophoresis
60
3.2.4.3
Chromatography
60
3.2.5
Product Formulation
65
3.2.
G
Waste Disposal
68
3.3
Immobilization
68
3.3.1
Definitions
69
3.3.2
History
69
3.3.3
Methods
70
3.3.3.1
Carrier Binding
70
3.3.3.2
Cross-linking
74
3.3.3.3
Entrapment
74
3.3.4
Characterization
77
3.3.5
Application
78
4
Discovery and Development of Enzymes
81
4.1
Enzyme Screening
82
4.1.1
Overview
82
4.1.2
Natural Isolate Screening
82
4.1.3
Molecular Screening
84
4.1.4
Environmental Gene Screening
85
4.1.5
Genomic Screening
86
4.1.6
Proteomic Screening
89
4.2
Protein Engineering
90
4.2.1
Introduction
90
4.2.2
Application of Protein Engineering in
Academia
and Industry
94
4.2.3
Outlook
97
5
Industrial Enzymes
99
5.1
Enzymes in Food Applications
99
5.1.1
Enzymes in Baking
99
5.1.1.1
Introduction
99
5.1.1.2
Amylases
204
5.1.1.3
Xylanases
205
5.1.1.4
Oxidoreductases
206
5.1.1.5
Lipases
208
5.1.1.6
Proteases
209
5.1.1.7
Transglutaminase
222
5.1.2
Enzymes in Fruit juice Production and Fruit Processing
222
5.1.2.1
Introduction
2 22
5.1.2.2
Biochemistry of Fruit Cell Walls
2 22
5.1.2.3
Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes
125
5.1.2.4
Apple Processing
2 27
5.1.2.4.1
Apple Pulp Maceration
227
VIII
Contents
5.1.2.4.2
Apple
Juice Depectinization 118
5.1.2.5
Red-Berry
Processing
120
5.1.2.6
Tropical
Fruit and Citrus Processing
121
5.1.2.7
Conclusion
123
5.1.3
Enzymes in Brewing
123
5.1.3.1
Introduction
123
5.1.3.2
Enzymes in Malting and Mashing
125
5.1.3.3
Enzymes for Problem Prevention or Solving
128
5.1.3.3.1
Bacterial
α
-Amylase
in Mashing
128
5.1.3.3.2
Fungal
oc-
Amylase
in Fermentation
129
5.1.3.3.3 ß-Glucanase in
Mashing
129
5.1.3.3.4
Cysteine Endopeptidases
(Postfermentation)
130
5.1.3.3.5
Glucoamylase in Mashing
130
5.1.3.4
Enzymes for Process Improvement
130
5.1.3.4.1
Adjunct Brewing
130
5.1.3.4.2
Improved Mashing Processes
131
5.1.3.4.3
Shelf-Life Improvement
132
5.1.3.4.4
Accelerated Maturation
133
5.1.3.4.5
Starch-Haze Removal
134
5.1.3.5
Special Brewing Processes
134
5.1.4
Enzymes in Dairy Applications
135
5.1.4.1
Introduction
135
5.1.4.2
Cheesemaking
135
5.1.4.2.1
Cheesemaking Process
135
5.1.4.2.2
Mechanism of Renneting
135
5.1.4.2.3
Types of Coagulants
136
5.1.4.2.4
Properties of Coagulating Enzymes
136
5.1.4.2.5 .
Cheese Ripening
138
5.1.4.2.6
Cheese Flavors and Ripening Acceleration
139
5.1.4.2.7
Lipase
140
5.1.4.2.8
Lysozyme
140
5.1.4.2.9
Milk Protein Hydrolysates
141
5.1.4.2.10
Transglutaminase
141
5.1.4.3
Milk Processing
142
5.1.4.3.1 ß-Galactosidase 142
5.1.4.3.2
Other Enzymes
143
5.1.5
Other Food Applications
143
5.1.5.1
Introduction
143
5.1.5.2
Meat and Fish
143
5.1.5.2.1
Meat Processing
143
5.1.5.2.2
Fish Processing
144
5.1.5.3
Protein Cross-linking
145
5.1.5.4
Flavor Development
146
5.1.5.4.1
Protein Hydrolysis
146
5.1.5.4.2
Lipid
Hydrolysis
147
Contents
IX
5.1.5.5 Egg
Powder
148
5.1.5.6
Oils and Fats
149
5.1.5.6.1
Fat Splitting
149
5.1.5.6.2
Interesterification
150
5.1.5.6.3
Esterification
153
5.1.5.6.4
Oil Degumming
153
5.2
Enzymes in Nonfood Applications
154
5.2.1
Enzymes in Household Detergents
154
5.2.1.1
Historical Development
154
5.2.1.2
Laundry Soils
155
5.2.1.3
Detergent Composition and Washing Process
157
5.2.1.3.1
Washing Process
157
5.2.1.3.2
Detergent Compositions
158
5.2.1.4
Enzyme-Aided Detergency and Soil Removal
160
5.2.1.5
Detergent Enzyme Performance Evaluation and Screening
160
5.2.1.6
Enzyme Types
164
5.2.1.6.1
Proteases
164
5.2.1.6.2
Amylases
167
5.2.1.6.3
Lipases
171
5.2.1.6.4
Cellulases
173
5.2.1.6.5 Mannanase 176
5.2.1.7
Future Trends
177
5.2.2
Enzymes in Automatic Dishwashing
178
5.2.2.1
Introduction
178
5.2.2.2
Characteristics of Enzymes for ADDs
179
5.2.2.3
Proteases
180
5.2.2.3.1
Proteins: The Substrate of Proteases
180
5.2.2.3.2
Proteases for ADDs
181
5.2.2.4
Amylases
182
5.2.2.4.1
Starch: The Substrate of Amylases
182
5.2.2.4.2
Amylases for ADDs
183
5.2.2.5
Other Enzymes
186
5.2.2.6
Automatic Dishwashing Detergents
186
5.2.2.6.1
Composition of Automatic Dishwashing Detergents
186
5.2.2.6.2
Application of Enzymes in ADD
187
5.2.2.6.3
Stability and Compatibility
192
5.2.3
Enzymes in Grain Wet-Milling
193
5.2.3.1
Introduction
193
5.2.3.2
Overview of the Conversion of Corn to HFCS
193
5.2.3.2.1
Corn Steeping
195
5.2.3.2.2
Coarse Grinding and Germ Removal by Cyclone Separation
196
5.2.3.2.3
Fine Grinding and Fiber Removal by Screening
196
5.2.3.2.4
Centrifugation and Washing to Separate Starch from Protein
196
5.2.3.2.5
Hydrolysis with
я
-Amylase
(Liquefaction)
196
5.2.3.2.6
Hydrolysis with Glucoamylase (Saccharification)
197
Contents
5.2.3.2.7
Isomerization with Glucose Isomerase
197
5.2.3.2.8
Fructose Enrichment and Blending
198
5.2.3.3
ot-Amylase
298
5.2.3.3.1
Origin and Enzymatic Properties
J
98
5.2.3.3.2
Structure
199
5.2.3.3.3
Industrial Use
201
5.2.3.4
Glucoamylase
201
5.2.3.4.1
Origin and Enzymatic Properties
201
5.2.3.4.2
Structure
202
5.2.3.4.3
Industrial Use
203
5.2.3.5
Pullulanase
204
5.2.3.5.1
Origin and Enzymatic Properties
204
5.2.3.5.2
Structure
204
5.2.3.5.3
Industrial Use
205
5.2.3.6
Glucose Isomerase
205
5.2.3.6.1
Origin and Enzymatic Properties
205
5.2.3.6.2
Structure
206
5.2.3.6.3
Industrial Use of Glucose Isomerase
207
5.2.3.7
Use of Wheat Starch
208
5.2.3.8
New Technology for Fuel
Ethanol
Production
209
5.2.4
Enzymes in Animal Feeds
209
5.2.4.1
Introduction
209
5.2.4.2
Enzymes Used in Animal Feed
211
5.2.4.2.1
Fiber-Degrading Enzymes
211
5.2.4.2.2
Phytic Acid Degrading Enzymes (Phytases)
214
5.2.4.2.3
Protein-Degrading Enzymes (Proteases)
226
5.2.4.2.4
Starch-Degrading Enzymes (Amylases)
217
5.2.4.3
Future Developments
218
5.2.5
Enzymes in Textile Production
228
5.2.5.1
Introduction
228
5.2.5.2 .
Cellulose Fibers
229
5.2.5.2.1
Desizing of Cotton Cellulose Fibers
219
5.2.5.2.2
Scouring of Cotton
219
5.2.5.2.3
Bleaching of Cotton
222
5.2.5.2.4
Removal of Hydrogen Peroxide
222
5.2.5.2.5
Cotton Finishing
222
5.2.5.2.6
Ageing of Denim
223
5.2.5.2.7
Processing of Man-Made Cellulose Fibers
224
5.2.5.2.8
Processing of Bast Fibers
225
5.2.5.3
Proteinous Fibers
225
5.2.5.3.1
Wool Processing
225
5.2.5.3.2
Degumming of Silk
227
5.2.5.4
Textile Effluent Treatment and Recycling
228
5.2.5.5
Outlook
230
5.2.6
Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing
231
Contents
XI
5.2.6.1
Introduction
231
5.2.6.2
Enzymes
233
5.2.6.2.1
Cellulases
233
5.2.6.2.2
Hemicellulases
233
5.2.6.2.3
Lignin-Modifymg, Oxidative Enzymes
235
5.2.6.3
Enzymes
in Pulp and
Paper Processing
237
5.2.6.3.1
Mechanical Pulping
237
5.2.6.3.2
Chemical
Pulping
238
5.2.6.3.3
Bleaching
239
5.2.6.3.4
Papermaking
242
5.2.6.3.5
Deinking
243
5.3
Development
of New Industrial
Enzyme Applications
244
5.3.1
Introduction
244
5.3.2
Enzymes
in Cosmetics
246
5.3.2.1
Hair Dyeing
246
5.3.2.1.1
Oxidases
247
5.3.2.1.2
Peroxidases
248
5.3.2.1.3
Polyphenol Oxidases
248
5.3.2.2
Hair Waving
249
5.3.2.3
Sldn
Care
249
5.3.2.4
Toothpastes and Mouthwashes
250
5.3.2.5
Enzymes in Cleaning of Artificial Dentures
251
5.3.3
Enzymes for Preservation
251
5.3.4
Enzymes in Hard-Surface Cleaning
252
5.3.4.1
Enzymes in Membrane Cleaning
252
5.3.4.1.1
Proteases
253
5.3.4.1.2
Hemicellulases
253
5.3.5
Enzymes Generating
a pH
Shift
253
5.3.6
Enzymes in Cork Treatment
254
5.3.7
Enzymes in Oil-Field Applications
255
5.3.8
Enzymes in Wastewater Treatment
255
5.3.9
Enzymes for Polymerisation: Wood
Fiberboard
Production
256
5.3.10
Enzymes in Composting
256
5.3.11
Application of Bacteriorhodopsin in Security Printing
and Data Storage
257
5.4
Overview of Industrial Enzyme Applications
257
6
Nonindustrial Enzyme Usage
263
6.1
Enzymes in Organic Synthesis
263
6.1.1
Introduction
263
6.1.2
Examples of Enzymatic Conversions
264
6.1.2.1
Syntheses by Means of Hydrolases
264
6.1.2.2
Reduction of C=O and C=C Bonds
268
6.1.2.3
Oxidation of Alcohols and
Oxygénation
of
G-H
and C=C Bonds
6.1.2.4
C
-С
Coupling
272
270
XII
Contents
6.1.2.5 Formation
of Glycosidic Bonds
274
6.1.2.6
Enzymatic Protecting Proup Techniques
274
6.1.3
Enzyme-Analogous Catalysts
276
6.1.4
Commercial Applications
280
6.1.4.1
General
280
6.1.4.2
Nonstereoselective Biocatalytic Reactions
280
6.1.4.3
Biocatalytic Resolution Processes
282
6.1.4.3.1 *
Enzymatic Acylation of
Amino
Groups
287
6.1.4.3.2
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydantoins
287
6.1.4.3.3
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lactams
291
6.1.4.3.4
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of C-0 Bonds
291
6.1.4.3.5
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Nitriles
294
6.1.4.3.6
Enzymatic Cleavage of threo Aldol Products
294
6.1.4.4
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis
294
6.1.4.4.1 -
Biocatalytic Reductive
Amination
of C=O Bonds
295
6.1.4.4.2
Biocatalytic Hydrocyanation of C=O Bonds
296
6.1.4.4.3
Biocatalytic Addition of Water to C=O Bonds
297
6.1.4.4.4
Biocatalytic
Amination
of C=C Bonds
297
6.1.5
Outlook
297
6.2
Therapeutic Enzymes
298
6.2.1
Requirements for the Use of Enzymes in Therapy
298
6.2.2
Coping with Peculiar Protein Properties
299
6.2.3
Sources of Enzymes and Production Systems
301
6.2.4
Overview of Therapeutic Enzymes
303
6.2.4.1
Oxidoreductases
303
6.2.4.2
Transferases
309
6.2.4.3
Esterases
310
6.2.4.4
Nucleases
310
6.2.4.5
Glycosidases
311
6.2.4.6
Proteases
324
6.2.4.6.1
Pancreatic and Gastric Proteases
314
6.2.4.6.2
Plasma Proteases
314
6.2.4.6.3
Coagulation Factors
315
6.2.4.6.4
Plasminogen Activators
336
6.2.4.6.5
Proteases from Snake Venoms
319
6.2.4.6.6
Plant and Microbial Proteases
329
6.2.4.7
Amidases
320
6.2.4.8
Lyases
321
6.3
Analytical Applications of Enzymes
322
6.3.1
Determination of Substrate Concentration
322
6.3.2
Determination of Enzyme Activity
324
6.3.3
Immunoassays
325
6.3.4
Enzyme Dipsticks and Enzyme Sensors
327
6.4
Enzymes for Food Analysis
328
6.4.1
Carbohydrates
329
Contents
XIII
6.4.2
Organic
Acids
332
6.4.3
Alcohols
336
6.4.4
Other Food Ingredients
338
6.5
Enzymes in Genetic Engineering
340
6.5.1
Restriction Endonucleases and Methylases
343
6.5.1.1
Classification
343
6.5.1.2
Activity of Class II Restriction Endonucleases
354
6.5.1.2.1
Reaction Parameters
354
6.5.1.2.2
Additional Structural Requirements Influencing Activity
355
6.5.1.3
Specificity of Class II Restriction Endonucleases
356
6.5.1.3.1
Palindromic Recognition Sequences
356
6.5.1.3.2
Nonpalindromic Recognition Sequences
358
6.5.1.3.3
Isoschizomers
359
6.5.1.4
Changes in Sequence Specificity
360
6.5.1.5
Novel Class II Restriction Endonucleases
362
6.5.2 DNA Polymerases 363
6.5.2.1
Escherichia
coli
DNA Polymerase
I
363
6.5.2.2
Klenow Enzyme
365
6.5.2.3
T4
DNA
Polymerase
365
6.5.2.4
Reverse Transcriptase
367
6.5.2.5
Terminal
Transferase
368
6.5.3
-RNA
Polymerases
370
6.5.3.1
SP6
RNA
Polymerase
370
6.5.3.2
T7
RNA
Polymerase
372
6.5.4 DNA Nucleases 373
6.5.4.1
DNase I
373
6.5.4.2
Exonuclease III
374
6.5.4.3
Nuclease SI
374
6.5.4.4
Nuclease
Bal
31 375
6.5.5
RNA
Nucleases
377
6.5.5.1
RNase
H
377
6.5.5.2
Site-Specific RNases
378
6.5.5.2.1
RNase A
378
6.5.5.2.2
RNase CL3
378
6.5.5.2.3
RNase T,
378
6.5.5.2.4
RNase U2
379
6.5.5.2.5
Nuclease S7
379
6.5.5.2.6
Site-Specific RNases in
RNA
Sequence
Analysis
379
6.5.6
Modifying Enzymes
382
6.5.6.1
Alkaline Phosphatase
382
6.5.6.2
T4
DNA
Ligase
402
6.5.6.3
Escherichia
coli
DNA
Ligase
403
6.5.6.4
·Τ4
Polynucleotide Kinase 403 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
to the Third Edition XV
List of Contributors
XVII
Abbreviations
ХХШ
1
Introduction
1
1
History
1
1.2
Enzyme Nomenclature
4
1.2.1
General Principles of Nomenclature
5
1 .2.2
Classification and Numbering of Enzymes
5
1.3
Structure of Enzymes
7
1.3.1
Primary Structure
7
1.3.2
Three-Dimensional Structure
7
1.3.3
Quaternary Structure, Folding, and Domains
8
1.3.4
The Ribozyme
11
1.4
Enzymes and Molecular Biology
12
1.4.1
Biosynthesis of Enzymes
12
1.4.2
Enzymes and
DNA 12
2
Catalytic Activity of Enzymes
13
2.1
Factors Governing Catalytic Activity
15
2.1.1
Temperature IS
2.1.2
Value of
pH 16
2.1.3
Activation
16
2.1.4
Inhibition
16
2.1.5
Allostery
18
2.1.6
Biogenic Regulation of Activity
19
2.2
Enzyme Assays
21
2.2.1
Reaction Rate as a Measure of Catalytic Activity
21
2.2.2
Definition of Units
21
2.2.3
Absorption Photometry
22
2.2.4
Fluorometry
24
2.2.5
Luminometry
24
2.2.6
Radiometry
25
Enzymes in Industry. Edited by Wolfgang Aehle
Copyright
© 2007
W1LEY-VCH
Verlag
GmbH
&
Co. KGaA,
Weinheim
ISBN:
978-3-527-31689-2
vi
Contents
2.2.7
Potentiometry
25
2.2.8
Conductometry
26
2.2.9
Calorimetry
26
2.2.10
Polarimetry
26
2.2.11
Manometry
26
2.2.12
Viscosimetry
26
2.2.13
Turbidìmetry
27
2.2.14
Immobilized Enzymes
27
2.2.15
Electrophoresis
27
2.3
Quality Evaluation of Enzyme Preparations
29
2.3.1
Quality Criteria
29
2.3.2
Specific Activity
29
2.3.3
Protein Determination
30
2.3.4
Contaminating Activities
31
2.3.5
Electrophoretic Purity
31
2.3.6
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
32
2.3.7
Performance Test
32
2.3.8
Amino
Acid Analysis and Protein Sequence Analysis
32
2.3.9
Stability
33
2.3.10
Formulation of Enzyme Preparations
33
3
General Production Methods
35
3.1
Microbial Production
35
3.1.1
Organism and Enzyme Synthesis
35
3.1.2
Strain Improvement
38
3.1.3
Physiological Optimization
39
3.1.4
The
Fermentar
and its Limitations
42
3.1.5
Process Design
44
3.1.6
Modeling and Optimization
46
3.1.7
Instrumentation and Control
47
3.2
Isolation and Purification
48
3.2.1
Preparation of Biological Starting Materials
48
3.2.1.1
Cell Disruption by Mechanical Methods
50
3.2.1.2
Cell Disruption by Nonmechanical Methods
50
3.2.2.
Separation of Solid Matter
52
3.2.2.1
Filtration
51
3.2.2.2
Centrifugation
52
3.2.2.3
Extraction
54
3.2.2.4
Flocculation and Flotation
54
3.2.3
Concentration
55
3.2.3.1
Thermal Methods
55
3.2.3.2
Precipitation
55
3.2.3.3
■ Ultrafiltration 56
3.2.4
Purification
58
Contents
VII
3.2.4.1
Crystallization
59
3.2.4.2
'Electrophoresis
60
3.2.4.3
Chromatography
60
3.2.5
Product Formulation
65
3.2.
G
Waste Disposal
68
3.3
Immobilization
68
3.3.1
Definitions
69
3.3.2
History
69
3.3.3
Methods
70
3.3.3.1
Carrier Binding
70
3.3.3.2
Cross-linking
74
3.3.3.3
Entrapment
74
3.3.4
Characterization
77
3.3.5
Application
78
4
Discovery and Development of Enzymes
81
4.1
Enzyme Screening
82
4.1.1
Overview
82
4.1.2
Natural Isolate Screening
82
4.1.3
Molecular Screening
84
4.1.4
Environmental Gene Screening
85
4.1.5
Genomic Screening
86
4.1.6
Proteomic Screening
89
4.2
Protein Engineering
90
4.2.1
Introduction
90
4.2.2
Application of Protein Engineering in
Academia
and Industry
94
4.2.3
Outlook
97
5
Industrial Enzymes
99
5.1
Enzymes in Food Applications
99
5.1.1
Enzymes in Baking
99
5.1.1.1
Introduction
99
5.1.1.2
Amylases
204
5.1.1.3
Xylanases
205
5.1.1.4
Oxidoreductases
206
5.1.1.5
Lipases
208
5.1.1.6
Proteases
209
5.1.1.7
Transglutaminase
222
5.1.2
Enzymes in Fruit juice Production and Fruit Processing
222
5.1.2.1
Introduction
2 22
5.1.2.2
Biochemistry of Fruit Cell Walls
2 22
5.1.2.3
Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes
125
5.1.2.4
Apple Processing
2 27
5.1.2.4.1
Apple Pulp Maceration
227
VIII
Contents
5.1.2.4.2
Apple
Juice Depectinization 118
5.1.2.5
Red-Berry
Processing
120
5.1.2.6
Tropical
Fruit and Citrus Processing
121
5.1.2.7
Conclusion
123
5.1.3
Enzymes in Brewing
123
5.1.3.1
Introduction
123
5.1.3.2
Enzymes in Malting and Mashing
125
5.1.3.3
Enzymes for Problem Prevention or Solving
128
5.1.3.3.1
Bacterial
α
-Amylase
in Mashing
128
5.1.3.3.2
Fungal
oc-
Amylase
in Fermentation
129
5.1.3.3.3 ß-Glucanase in
Mashing
129
5.1.3.3.4
Cysteine Endopeptidases
(Postfermentation)
130
5.1.3.3.5
Glucoamylase in Mashing
130
5.1.3.4
Enzymes for Process Improvement
130
5.1.3.4.1
Adjunct Brewing
130
5.1.3.4.2
Improved Mashing Processes
131
5.1.3.4.3
Shelf-Life Improvement
132
5.1.3.4.4
Accelerated Maturation
133
5.1.3.4.5
Starch-Haze Removal
134
5.1.3.5
Special Brewing Processes
134
5.1.4
Enzymes in Dairy Applications
135
5.1.4.1
Introduction
135
5.1.4.2
Cheesemaking
135
5.1.4.2.1
Cheesemaking Process
135
5.1.4.2.2
Mechanism of Renneting
135
5.1.4.2.3
Types of Coagulants
136
5.1.4.2.4
Properties of Coagulating Enzymes
136
5.1.4.2.5 .
Cheese Ripening
138
5.1.4.2.6
Cheese Flavors and Ripening Acceleration
139
5.1.4.2.7
Lipase
140
5.1.4.2.8
Lysozyme
140
5.1.4.2.9
Milk Protein Hydrolysates
141
5.1.4.2.10
Transglutaminase
141
5.1.4.3
Milk Processing
142
5.1.4.3.1 ß-Galactosidase 142
5.1.4.3.2
Other Enzymes
143
5.1.5
Other Food Applications
143
5.1.5.1
Introduction
143
5.1.5.2
Meat and Fish
143
5.1.5.2.1
Meat Processing
143
5.1.5.2.2
Fish Processing
144
5.1.5.3
Protein Cross-linking
145
5.1.5.4
Flavor Development
146
5.1.5.4.1
Protein Hydrolysis
146
5.1.5.4.2
Lipid
Hydrolysis
147
Contents
IX
5.1.5.5 Egg
Powder
148
5.1.5.6
Oils and Fats
149
5.1.5.6.1
Fat Splitting
149
5.1.5.6.2
Interesterification
150
5.1.5.6.3
Esterification
153
5.1.5.6.4
Oil Degumming
153
5.2
Enzymes in Nonfood Applications
154
5.2.1
Enzymes in Household Detergents
154
5.2.1.1
Historical Development
154
5.2.1.2
Laundry Soils
155
5.2.1.3
Detergent Composition and Washing Process
157
5.2.1.3.1
Washing Process
157
5.2.1.3.2
Detergent Compositions
158
5.2.1.4
Enzyme-Aided Detergency and Soil Removal
160
5.2.1.5
Detergent Enzyme Performance Evaluation and Screening
160
5.2.1.6
Enzyme Types
164
5.2.1.6.1
Proteases
164
5.2.1.6.2
Amylases
167
5.2.1.6.3
Lipases
171
5.2.1.6.4
Cellulases
173
5.2.1.6.5 Mannanase 176
5.2.1.7
Future Trends
177
5.2.2
Enzymes in Automatic Dishwashing
178
5.2.2.1
Introduction
178
5.2.2.2
Characteristics of Enzymes for ADDs
179
5.2.2.3
Proteases
180
5.2.2.3.1
Proteins: The Substrate of Proteases
180
5.2.2.3.2
Proteases for ADDs
181
5.2.2.4
Amylases
182
5.2.2.4.1
Starch: The Substrate of Amylases
182
5.2.2.4.2
Amylases for ADDs
183
5.2.2.5
Other Enzymes
186
5.2.2.6
Automatic Dishwashing Detergents
186
5.2.2.6.1
Composition of Automatic Dishwashing Detergents
186
5.2.2.6.2
Application of Enzymes in ADD
187
5.2.2.6.3
Stability and Compatibility
192
5.2.3
Enzymes in Grain Wet-Milling
193
5.2.3.1
Introduction
193
5.2.3.2
Overview of the Conversion of Corn to HFCS
193
5.2.3.2.1
Corn Steeping
195
5.2.3.2.2
Coarse Grinding and Germ Removal by Cyclone Separation
196
5.2.3.2.3
Fine Grinding and Fiber Removal by Screening
196
5.2.3.2.4
Centrifugation and Washing to Separate Starch from Protein
196
5.2.3.2.5
Hydrolysis with
я
-Amylase
(Liquefaction)
196
5.2.3.2.6
Hydrolysis with Glucoamylase (Saccharification)
197
Contents
5.2.3.2.7
Isomerization with Glucose Isomerase
197
5.2.3.2.8
Fructose Enrichment and Blending
198
5.2.3.3
ot-Amylase
298
5.2.3.3.1
Origin and Enzymatic Properties
J
98
5.2.3.3.2
Structure
199
5.2.3.3.3
Industrial Use
201
5.2.3.4
Glucoamylase
201
5.2.3.4.1
Origin and Enzymatic Properties
201
5.2.3.4.2
Structure
202
5.2.3.4.3
Industrial Use
203
5.2.3.5
Pullulanase
204
5.2.3.5.1
Origin and Enzymatic Properties
204
5.2.3.5.2
Structure
204
5.2.3.5.3
Industrial Use
205
5.2.3.6
Glucose Isomerase
205
5.2.3.6.1
Origin and Enzymatic Properties
205
5.2.3.6.2
Structure
206
5.2.3.6.3
Industrial Use of Glucose Isomerase
207
5.2.3.7
Use of Wheat Starch
208
5.2.3.8
New Technology for Fuel
Ethanol
Production
209
5.2.4
Enzymes in Animal Feeds
209
5.2.4.1
Introduction
209
5.2.4.2
Enzymes Used in Animal Feed
211
5.2.4.2.1
Fiber-Degrading Enzymes
211
5.2.4.2.2
Phytic Acid Degrading Enzymes (Phytases)
214
5.2.4.2.3
Protein-Degrading Enzymes (Proteases)
226
5.2.4.2.4
Starch-Degrading Enzymes (Amylases)
217
5.2.4.3
Future Developments
218
5.2.5
Enzymes in Textile Production
228
5.2.5.1
Introduction
228
5.2.5.2 .
Cellulose Fibers
229
5.2.5.2.1
Desizing of Cotton Cellulose Fibers
219
5.2.5.2.2
Scouring of Cotton
219
5.2.5.2.3
Bleaching of Cotton
222
5.2.5.2.4
Removal of Hydrogen Peroxide
222
5.2.5.2.5
Cotton Finishing
222
5.2.5.2.6
Ageing of Denim
223
5.2.5.2.7
Processing of Man-Made Cellulose Fibers
224
5.2.5.2.8
Processing of Bast Fibers
225
5.2.5.3
Proteinous Fibers
225
5.2.5.3.1
Wool Processing
225
5.2.5.3.2
Degumming of Silk
227
5.2.5.4
Textile Effluent Treatment and Recycling
228
5.2.5.5
Outlook
230
5.2.6
Enzymes in Pulp and Paper Processing
231
Contents
XI
5.2.6.1
Introduction
231
5.2.6.2
Enzymes
233
5.2.6.2.1
Cellulases
233
5.2.6.2.2
Hemicellulases
233
5.2.6.2.3
Lignin-Modifymg, Oxidative Enzymes
235
5.2.6.3
Enzymes
in Pulp and
Paper Processing
237
5.2.6.3.1
Mechanical Pulping
237
5.2.6.3.2
Chemical
Pulping
238
5.2.6.3.3
Bleaching
239
5.2.6.3.4
Papermaking
242
5.2.6.3.5
Deinking
243
5.3
Development
of New Industrial
Enzyme Applications
244
5.3.1
Introduction
244
5.3.2
Enzymes
in Cosmetics
246
5.3.2.1
Hair Dyeing
246
5.3.2.1.1
Oxidases
247
5.3.2.1.2
Peroxidases
248
5.3.2.1.3
Polyphenol Oxidases
248
5.3.2.2
Hair Waving
249
5.3.2.3
Sldn
Care
249
5.3.2.4
Toothpastes and Mouthwashes
250
5.3.2.5
Enzymes in Cleaning of Artificial Dentures
251
5.3.3
Enzymes for Preservation
251
5.3.4
Enzymes in Hard-Surface Cleaning
252
5.3.4.1
Enzymes in Membrane Cleaning
252
5.3.4.1.1
Proteases
253
5.3.4.1.2
Hemicellulases
253
5.3.5
Enzymes Generating
a pH
Shift
253
5.3.6
Enzymes in Cork Treatment
254
5.3.7
Enzymes in Oil-Field Applications
255
5.3.8
Enzymes in Wastewater Treatment
255
5.3.9
Enzymes for Polymerisation: Wood
Fiberboard
Production
256
5.3.10
Enzymes in Composting
256
5.3.11
Application of Bacteriorhodopsin in Security Printing
and Data Storage
257
5.4
Overview of Industrial Enzyme Applications
257
6
Nonindustrial Enzyme Usage
263
6.1
Enzymes in Organic Synthesis
263
6.1.1
Introduction
263
6.1.2
Examples of Enzymatic Conversions
264
6.1.2.1
Syntheses by Means of Hydrolases
264
6.1.2.2
Reduction of C=O and C=C Bonds
268
6.1.2.3
Oxidation of Alcohols and
Oxygénation
of
G-H
and C=C Bonds
6.1.2.4
C
-С
Coupling
272
270
XII
Contents
6.1.2.5 Formation
of Glycosidic Bonds
274
6.1.2.6
Enzymatic Protecting Proup Techniques
274
6.1.3
Enzyme-Analogous Catalysts
276
6.1.4
Commercial Applications
280
6.1.4.1
General
280
6.1.4.2
Nonstereoselective Biocatalytic Reactions
280
6.1.4.3
Biocatalytic Resolution Processes
282
6.1.4.3.1 *
Enzymatic Acylation of
Amino
Groups
287
6.1.4.3.2
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hydantoins
287
6.1.4.3.3
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lactams
291
6.1.4.3.4
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of C-0 Bonds
291
6.1.4.3.5
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Nitriles
294
6.1.4.3.6
Enzymatic Cleavage of threo Aldol Products
294
6.1.4.4
Biocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis
294
6.1.4.4.1 -
Biocatalytic Reductive
Amination
of C=O Bonds
295
6.1.4.4.2
Biocatalytic Hydrocyanation of C=O Bonds
296
6.1.4.4.3
Biocatalytic Addition of Water to C=O Bonds
297
6.1.4.4.4
Biocatalytic
Amination
of C=C Bonds
297
6.1.5
Outlook
297
6.2
Therapeutic Enzymes
298
6.2.1
Requirements for the Use of Enzymes in Therapy
298
6.2.2
Coping with Peculiar Protein Properties
299
6.2.3
Sources of Enzymes and Production Systems
301
6.2.4
Overview of Therapeutic Enzymes
303
6.2.4.1
Oxidoreductases
303
6.2.4.2
Transferases
309
6.2.4.3
Esterases
310
6.2.4.4
Nucleases
310
6.2.4.5
Glycosidases
311
6.2.4.6
Proteases
324
6.2.4.6.1
Pancreatic and Gastric Proteases
314
6.2.4.6.2
Plasma Proteases
314
6.2.4.6.3
Coagulation Factors
315
6.2.4.6.4
Plasminogen Activators
336
6.2.4.6.5
Proteases from Snake Venoms
319
6.2.4.6.6
Plant and Microbial Proteases
329
6.2.4.7
Amidases
320
6.2.4.8
Lyases
321
6.3
Analytical Applications of Enzymes
322
6.3.1
Determination of Substrate Concentration
322
6.3.2
Determination of Enzyme Activity
324
6.3.3
Immunoassays
325
6.3.4
Enzyme Dipsticks and Enzyme Sensors
327
6.4
Enzymes for Food Analysis
328
6.4.1
Carbohydrates
329
Contents
XIII
6.4.2
Organic
Acids
332
6.4.3
Alcohols
336
6.4.4
Other Food Ingredients
338
6.5
Enzymes in Genetic Engineering
340
6.5.1
Restriction Endonucleases and Methylases
343
6.5.1.1
Classification
343
6.5.1.2
Activity of Class II Restriction Endonucleases
354
6.5.1.2.1
Reaction Parameters
354
6.5.1.2.2
Additional Structural Requirements Influencing Activity
355
6.5.1.3
Specificity of Class II Restriction Endonucleases
356
6.5.1.3.1
Palindromic Recognition Sequences
356
6.5.1.3.2
Nonpalindromic Recognition Sequences
358
6.5.1.3.3
Isoschizomers
359
6.5.1.4
Changes in Sequence Specificity
360
6.5.1.5
Novel Class II Restriction Endonucleases
362
6.5.2 DNA Polymerases 363
6.5.2.1
Escherichia
coli
DNA Polymerase
I
363
6.5.2.2
Klenow Enzyme
365
6.5.2.3
T4
DNA
Polymerase
365
6.5.2.4
Reverse Transcriptase
367
6.5.2.5
Terminal
Transferase
368
6.5.3
-RNA
Polymerases
370
6.5.3.1
SP6
RNA
Polymerase
370
6.5.3.2
T7
RNA
Polymerase
372
6.5.4 DNA Nucleases 373
6.5.4.1
DNase I
373
6.5.4.2
Exonuclease III
374
6.5.4.3
Nuclease SI
374
6.5.4.4
Nuclease
Bal
31 375
6.5.5
RNA
Nucleases
377
6.5.5.1
RNase
H
377
6.5.5.2
Site-Specific RNases
378
6.5.5.2.1
RNase A
378
6.5.5.2.2
RNase CL3
378
6.5.5.2.3
RNase T,
378
6.5.5.2.4
RNase U2
379
6.5.5.2.5
Nuclease S7
379
6.5.5.2.6
Site-Specific RNases in
RNA
Sequence
Analysis
379
6.5.6
Modifying Enzymes
382
6.5.6.1
Alkaline Phosphatase
382
6.5.6.2
T4
DNA
Ligase
402
6.5.6.3
Escherichia
coli
DNA
Ligase
403
6.5.6.4
·Τ4
Polynucleotide Kinase 403 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022867679 |
| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
| callnumber-label | TP248 |
| callnumber-raw | TP248.65.E59 |
| callnumber-search | TP248.65.E59 |
| callnumber-sort | TP 3248.65 E59 |
| callnumber-subject | TP - Chemical Technology |
| classification_rvk | VK 8700 VN 7280 WC 4350 WF 9735 VN 8700 |
| classification_tum | CIT 970f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)190867169 (DE-599)DNB983933553 |
| dewey-full | 660.6/34 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| dewey-raw | 660.6/34 |
| dewey-search | 660.6/34 |
| dewey-sort | 3660.6 234 |
| dewey-tens | 660 - Chemical engineering |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Biologie Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Biotechnologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Biologie Chemie-Ingenieurwesen Biotechnologie |
| edition | 3., completely rev. edition |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV022867679</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230127</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">071005s2007 gw ad|| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="015" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">07,N20,1039</subfield><subfield code="2">dnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="016" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">983933553</subfield><subfield code="2">DE-101</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783527316892</subfield><subfield code="c">Gb. : ca. EUR 159.00 (freier Pr.), ca. sfr 251.00 (freier Pr.)</subfield><subfield code="9">978-3-527-31689-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3527316892</subfield><subfield code="c">Gb. : ca. EUR 159.00 (freier Pr.), ca. sfr 251.00 (freier Pr.)</subfield><subfield code="9">3-527-31689-2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="024" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9783527316892</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="028" ind1="5" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">1131689 000</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)190867169</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DNB983933553</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakddb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">gw</subfield><subfield code="c">XA-DE-BW</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91G</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-92</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1102</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-526</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-83</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">TP248.65.E59</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">660.6/34</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">VK 8700</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)147548:253</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">VN 7280</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)147615:253</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">WC 4350</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)148095:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">WF 9735</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)148464:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">VN 8700</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)147631:253</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">540</subfield><subfield code="2">sdnb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">CIT 970f</subfield><subfield code="2">stub</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Enzymes in industry</subfield><subfield code="b">production and applications</subfield><subfield code="c">ed. by Wolfgang Aehle</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3., completely rev. edition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Weinheim</subfield><subfield code="b">WILEY-VCH</subfield><subfield code="c">2007</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXVI, 489 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">Ill., graph. Darst.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Biotechnology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Enzymes</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Enzymes</subfield><subfield code="x">Biotechnology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Enzymes</subfield><subfield code="x">Industrial applications</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Industry</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Enzymtechnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4135962-8</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Enzymtechnologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4135962-8</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Aehle, Wolfgang</subfield><subfield code="e">Sonstige</subfield><subfield code="4">oth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="q">text/html</subfield><subfield code="u">http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2945668&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltstext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Augsburg</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016072836&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016072836</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV022867679 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:45:51Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:24:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527316892 3527316892 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-016072836 |
| oclc_num | 190867169 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-384 DE-703 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-92 DE-20 DE-1102 DE-526 DE-83 |
| owner_facet | DE-384 DE-703 DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-92 DE-20 DE-1102 DE-526 DE-83 |
| physical | XXVI, 489 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | WILEY-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Enzymes in industry production and applications ed. by Wolfgang Aehle 3., completely rev. edition Weinheim WILEY-VCH 2007 XXVI, 489 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Biotechnology Enzymes Enzymes Biotechnology Enzymes Industrial applications Industry Enzymtechnologie (DE-588)4135962-8 gnd rswk-swf Enzymtechnologie (DE-588)4135962-8 s DE-604 Aehle, Wolfgang Sonstige oth text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2945668&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext Digitalisierung UB Augsburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016072836&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Enzymes in industry production and applications Biotechnology Enzymes Enzymes Biotechnology Enzymes Industrial applications Industry Enzymtechnologie (DE-588)4135962-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4135962-8 |
| title | Enzymes in industry production and applications |
| title_auth | Enzymes in industry production and applications |
| title_exact_search | Enzymes in industry production and applications |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Enzymes in industry production and applications |
| title_full | Enzymes in industry production and applications ed. by Wolfgang Aehle |
| title_fullStr | Enzymes in industry production and applications ed. by Wolfgang Aehle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzymes in industry production and applications ed. by Wolfgang Aehle |
| title_short | Enzymes in industry |
| title_sort | enzymes in industry production and applications |
| title_sub | production and applications |
| topic | Biotechnology Enzymes Enzymes Biotechnology Enzymes Industrial applications Industry Enzymtechnologie (DE-588)4135962-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biotechnology Enzymes Enzymes Biotechnology Enzymes Industrial applications Industry Enzymtechnologie |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2945668&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=016072836&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aehlewolfgang enzymesinindustryproductionandapplications |