Holdings: Industrial gases processing

Industrial gases processing:

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Bibliographic Details
Format:	Book
Language:	English German
Published:	Weinheim WILEY-VCH 2008
Subjects:	Obtencion y produccion de gas Technisches Gas Gastechnik
Online Access:	Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XIV, 296 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9783527316854 352731685X

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245	1	0	\|a Industrial gases processing \|c ed. by Heinz-Wolfgang Häring
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300			\|a XIV, 296 S. \|b Ill., graph. Darst.
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689	0	1	\|a Gastechnik \|0 (DE-588)4019391-3 \|D s
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700	1		\|a Häring, Heinz-Wolfgang \|d 1944-2022 \|e Sonstige \|0 (DE-588)109402006 \|4 oth
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adam_text	VLI CONTENTS FOREWORD V LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIII 1 INTRODUCTION 1 REFERENCES 7 2 THE AIR CASES NITROGEN, OXYGEN AND ARGON 9 2.1 HISTORY, OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES 9 2.1.1 NITROGEN 9 2.1.1.1 HISTORY 9 2.1.1.2 OCCURRENCE 9 2.1.1.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 10 2.1.2 OXYGEN 11 2.1.2.1 HISTORY 11 2.1.2.2 OCCURRENCE 11 2.1.2.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 11 2.1.3 ARGON 12 2.1.3.1 HISTORY 22 2.1.3.2 OCCURRENCE 13 2.1.3.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 13 2.2 RECOVERY OF NITROGEN, OXYGEN AND ARGON 13 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION 13 2.2.2 APPLICATION RANGE OF MEMBRANE SEPARATION, PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION AND CRYOGENIC RECTIFICATION 14 2.2.3 NITROGEN RECOVERY WITH MEMBRANES 16 2.2.3.1 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE 16 2.2.3.2 MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY 16 2.2.3.3 DESIGN 1 7 2.2.4 NITROGEN AND OXYGEN RECOVERY BY MEANS OF PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION 28 2.2.4.1 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE 18 INDUSTRIAL GASES PROCESSING. EDITED BY HEINZ-WOLFGANG HARING COPYRIGHT 2008 WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN: 978-3-527-31685-4 VIII CONTENTS 2.2.4.2 PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR SIEVES 1,8 2.2.4.3 NITROGEN RECOVERY '19 2.2.4.4 OXYGEN RECOVERY 2,0 2.2.5 CRYOGENIC RECTIFICATION 20 2.2.5.1 PROCESS WITH AIR BOOSTER AND MEDIUM-PRESSURE TURBINE FOR THE RECOVERY OF COMPRESSED OXYGEN, NITROGEN AND ARGON 21 2.2.5.2 INTERNAL COMPRESSION 32 2.2.5.3 NITROGEN GENERATORS 36 2.2.5.4 LIQUEFIERS 37 2.2.5.5 HIGH-PURITY PLANTS 38 2.2.5.6 APPARATUS 42 2.2.5.7 DESIGN, ASSEMBLY AND TRANSPORT OF THE COLDBOX 57 2.3 SAFETY ASPECTS 59 2.3.1 INTRODUCTION 59 2.3.3 AIR POLLUTION 61 2.3.4 IGNITION IN REBOILERS 63 2.3.5 OTHER HAZARDS IN AIR SEPARATION UNITS 6 4 2.4 PROCESS ANALYSIS AIR SEPARATION UNITS 64 2.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE AIR GASES 67 2.5.1 APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN 67 2.5.1.1 APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN FOR INERTING AND PURGING 67 2.5.1.2 APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN FOR COOLING, PRESERVING AND DEEP-FREEZING 74 2.5.2 APPLICATIONS OF OXYGEN 83 2.5.3 APPLICATIONS OF ARGON 104 REFERENCES 108 3 THE NOBLE CASES NEON, KRYPTON AND XENON I 1 1 3.1 1 IISTORY AND OCCURRENCE 111 3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 111 3.3 RECOVERY OF KRYPTON AND XENON '/ 12 3.3.1 PRE-CNRICHMENT IN THE AIR SEPARATOR 113 3.3.2 RECOVERY OF PURE KR AND XE 1 15 3.3.2.1 CATALYTIC COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBONS 1 15 3.3.2.2 CRYOGENIC SEPARATION 116 3.4 RECOVERY OF NEON VIS 3.4.1 PRE-ENRICHMENT 118 3.4.2 FINE PURIFICATION 119 3.5 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT PURITIES AND ANALYTICS 120 3.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE NOBLE GASES NEON, KRYPTON AND XENON 121 3.6.1 APPLICATIONS OF NEON 121 3.6.2 APPLICATIONS OF KRYPTON 121 3.6.3 APP 1 ICATIONS OF XENON 122 REFERENCES 124 CONTENTS IX 4 THE NOBLE GAS HELIUM 125 4.1 HISTORY, OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES 125 4.1.1 HISTORY 125 4.1.2 OCCURRENCE 125 4.1.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 127 4.2 RECOVERY 127 4.3 APPLICATIONS 131 REFERENCES 134 5 HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE: SYNTHESIS CASES 135 5.1 HISTORY, OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES 135 5.1.1 INTRODUCTION 135 5.1.2 HISTORY OF SYNTHESIS GAS 136 5.1.3 HYDROGEN 136 5.1.3.1 HISTORY AND OCCURRENCE 136 5.1.3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 137 5.1.4 CARBON MONOXIDE 141 5.1.4.1 HISTORY AND OCCURRENCE 141 5.1.4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 141 5.2 PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS 143 5.2.1 PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS 143 5.2.2 PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS FROM HYDROCARBONS 144 5.2.2.1 GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS BY STEAM REFORMING 145 5.2.2.2 SYNTHESIS GAS GENERATION BY PARTIAL OXIDATION (PO) 146 5.2.2.3 GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS BY AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING (ATR) 148 5.2.3 SYNTHESIS GAS PROCESSING 150 5.2.3.1 WATER-GAS SHIFT REACTOR 150 5.2.3.2 REMOVAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND ACID GASES 150 5.2.3.3 METHANATION 151 5.2.3.4 PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION (PSA) 151 5.2.3.5 MEMBRANE PROCESSES 152 5.2.3.6 CRYOGENIC SEPARATION PROCESSES 1.53 5.2.4 PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS FROM HYDROCARBONS 156 5.2.4.1 REFORMER PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN 1.57 5.2.4.2 REFORMER UNITS FOR THE GENERATION OF CO AND H 2 158 5.2.4.3 PO-PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CO ARID H 2 159 5.3 PROCESS ANALYTICS 161 5.4 APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN, CARBON MONOXIDE AND SYNGAS 164 5.4.1 APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN 164 5.4.1.1 HYDROGEN USE IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 165 5.4.1.2 HYDROGEN AS AN ENERGY CARRIER 166 5.4.1.3 FUEL CELLS 177 CONTENTS 5.4.2 APPLICATIONS OF CARBON MONOXIDE 182 5.4.3 APPLICATIONS OF SYNTHESIS GAS (MIXTURES OF CO AND H 2 ) 182 REFERENCES 182 6 CARBON DIOXIDE 185 6.1 HISTORY, OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES AND SAFETY 185 6.1.1 HISTORY 185 6.1.2 OCCURRENCE 185 6.1.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 186 6.1.4 SAFETY ISSUES 188 6.2 RECOVERY OF CARBON DIOXIDE 189 6.2.1 SOURCES OF CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY 190 6.2.2 PRE-PURIFICATION, ENRICHMENT, EXTRACTION, CAPTURE 191 6.2.3 STANDARD PROCESS FOR THE LIQUEFACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE 193 6.2.3.1 COMPRESSION AND WATER SEPARATION 194 6.2.3.2 ADSORBER STATION 194 6.2.3.3 LIQUEFACTION AND STRIPPING OF LIGHTER COMPONENTS 194 6.2.3.4 REFRIGERATING UNIT 194 6.2.4 PROCESS STEPS TO OBTAIN HIGH PRODUCT PURITY AND RECOVERY RATE 195 6.2.4.1 SCRUBBING 196 6.2.4.2 ADSORPTION AND CHEMISORPTION 197 6.2.4.3 CATALYTIC COMBUSTION 198 6.2.4.4 IMPROVEMENT OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY RATE 198 6.2.5 CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY FROM FLUE GAS 198 6.2.6 PRODUCTION OF DRY ICE 200 6.3 APPLICATIONS 201 REFERENCES 21.5 7 NATURAL GAS 217 7.1 1 LISTORY 217 7.2 OCCURRENCE 218 7.3 CONSUMPTION 220 7.4 NATURAL GAS TRADE 220 7.5 COMPOSITION 223 7.6 PROCESS OF NATURAL GAS TREATMENT 224 7.6.1 DEW-POINT ADJUSTMENT 224 7.6.2 SEPARATION OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS 225 .6.3 ETHANE SEPARATION 229 7.6.4 LIQUEFACTION 231 7.6.5 NITROGEN SEPARATION 236 7.7 APPLICATIONS 238 7 CONTENTS XI 8 FUEL GASES 239 8.1 INTRODUCTION 239 8.2 ACETYLENE C 2 H 2 240 8.2.1 ACETYLENE AND THE BEGINNINGS OF WELDING ENGINEERING 240 8.2.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 241 8.2.3 ACETYLENE DECOMPOSITION - DEFLAGRATION 243 8.2.4 IGNITABLE MIXTURES 243 8.2.5 LIQUEFACTION OF ACETYLENE-ACETYLENE HYDRATE 243 8.2.6 ACETYLENE HYDRATE 244 8.2.7 ACETYLIDES 244 8.2.8 EXTRACTION PROCESSES 246 8.2.8.1 ACETYLENE GENERATED VIA CARBIDE 246 8.2.8.2 PETROCHEMICALLY GENERATED ACETYLENE 246 8.2.9 GAS SUPPLY 246 8.2.9.1 STORAGE OF DISSOLVED ACETYLENE IN CYLINDERS 246 8.2.9.2 DESIGN OF A GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM 247 8.2.10 AUTOGENOUS ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 247 8.2.11 REGULATIONS 248 8.3 ETHENEC 2 H 4 249 8.3.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 249 8.3.2 PRODUCTION PROCESSES 249 8.3.3 APPLICATION AND USE 249 8.3.4 GAS SUPPLY AND SAFETY 249 8.3.5 REGULATIONS 251 8.4 OTHER FUEL GASES 251 8.5 APPLICATIONS 252 REFERENCES 253 9 SPECIALTY GASES 255 9.1 INTRODUCTION 255 9.2 PURE GASES 256 9.2.1 DEFINITIONS 256 9.2.2 QUALITY CRITERIA 256 9.2.3 SOURCES/PRODUCTION 257 9.2.4 PURIFICATION/PROCESSING 257 9.2.5 APPLICATION EXAMPLES 258 9.3 GAS MIXTURES/CALIBRATION GAS MIXTURES 261 9.3.1 DEFINITIONS 262 9.3.2 PRODUCTION [9.9] 263 9.3.2.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY 263 9.3.2.2 PRETREATMENT OF CONTAINERS 263 9.3.2.3 PREPARATION METHODS 264 9.3.2.4 ANALYTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 267 9.3.3 APPLICATION EXAMPLES 269 XII CONTENTS 9.4 ELECTRONIC GASES 269 9.4.1 DEFINITION/SPECIAL DEMANDS 269 9.4.2 APPLICATION EXAMPLES 271 9.5 DISPOSAL 271 9. 6 TRANSFER OF GASES 272 9.6.1 SELECTION OF THE MATERIALS 272 9.6.2 PHYSICAL INTERACTION FORCES 272 9.6.3 TIGHTNESS OF THE GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM 273 9.6.4 PURGING OF THE GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM 273 REFERENCES 275 10 CASES IN MEDICINE 277 10.1 INTRODUCTION 277 10.2 MEDICINAL OXYGEN 278 10.2.1 HOME-THERAPY 278 10.2.2 HOSPITALS AND OTHER FIELDS OF APPLICATION 280 10.3 GASES FOR ANAESTHESIA 280 10.3.1 MEDICAL NITROUS OXIDE (LAUGHING GAS) 280 10.3.2 XENON 281 10.4 MEDICAL. CARBONIC ACID (CARBON DIOXIDE) 281 10.5 MEDICAL AIR 282 REFERENCES 282 11 LOGISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL GAS SUPPLY 283 11.1 INTRODUCTION 283 1.1.2 STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF COMPRESSED GASES 284 11.2.1 FUNDAMENTALS 284 11.2.2 KINDS OF TRANSPORT AND STORAGE FOR COMPRESSED GASES 285 11.2.3 EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSED AIR GAS TRANSPORT 286 11.3 STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF LIQUEFIED COMPRESSED GASES 286 11.3.1 FUNDAMENTALS .286 11.3.2 FORMS OF TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF LIQUEFIED GASES 287 11.3.3 EFFICIENCY OF THE TRANSPORT OF LIQUEFIED GASES 288 11.4 SPECIAL FORMS OF SUPPLY 289 REFERENCES 289 SUBJECT INDEX 291 PPN: 266329071 TITEL: INDUSTRIAL GASES PROCESSING / ED. BY HEINZ-WOLFGANG HAERING. - WEINHEIM : WILEY-VCH, 2008 ISBN: 978-3-527-31685-4; 3-527-31685-X BIBLIOGRAPHISCHER DATENSATZ IM SWB-VERBUND
adam_txt	VLI CONTENTS FOREWORD V LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS XIII 1 INTRODUCTION 1 REFERENCES 7 2 THE AIR CASES NITROGEN, OXYGEN AND ARGON 9 2.1 HISTORY, OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES 9 2.1.1 NITROGEN 9 2.1.1.1 HISTORY 9 2.1.1.2 OCCURRENCE 9 2.1.1.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 10 2.1.2 OXYGEN 11 2.1.2.1 HISTORY 11 2.1.2.2 OCCURRENCE 11 2.1.2.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 11 2.1.3 ARGON 12 2.1.3.1 HISTORY 22 2.1.3.2 OCCURRENCE 13 2.1.3.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 13 2.2 RECOVERY OF NITROGEN, OXYGEN AND ARGON 13 2.2.1 INTRODUCTION 13 2.2.2 APPLICATION RANGE OF MEMBRANE SEPARATION, PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION AND CRYOGENIC RECTIFICATION 14 2.2.3 NITROGEN RECOVERY WITH MEMBRANES 16 2.2.3.1 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE 16 2.2.3.2 MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY 16 2.2.3.3 DESIGN 1 7 2.2.4 NITROGEN AND OXYGEN RECOVERY BY MEANS OF PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION 28 2.2.4.1 PHYSICAL PRINCIPLE 18 INDUSTRIAL GASES PROCESSING. EDITED BY HEINZ-WOLFGANG HARING COPYRIGHT 2008 WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN: 978-3-527-31685-4 VIII CONTENTS 2.2.4.2 PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR SIEVES 1,8 2.2.4.3 NITROGEN RECOVERY '19 2.2.4.4 OXYGEN RECOVERY 2,0 2.2.5 CRYOGENIC RECTIFICATION 20 2.2.5.1 PROCESS WITH AIR BOOSTER AND MEDIUM-PRESSURE TURBINE FOR THE RECOVERY OF COMPRESSED OXYGEN, NITROGEN AND ARGON 21 2.2.5.2 INTERNAL COMPRESSION 32 2.2.5.3 NITROGEN GENERATORS 36 2.2.5.4 LIQUEFIERS 37 2.2.5.5 HIGH-PURITY PLANTS 38 2.2.5.6 APPARATUS 42 2.2.5.7 DESIGN, ASSEMBLY AND TRANSPORT OF THE COLDBOX 57 2.3 SAFETY ASPECTS 59 2.3.1 INTRODUCTION 59 2.3.3 AIR POLLUTION 61 2.3.4 IGNITION IN REBOILERS 63 2.3.5 OTHER HAZARDS IN AIR SEPARATION UNITS 6 4 2.4 PROCESS ANALYSIS AIR SEPARATION UNITS 64 2.5 APPLICATIONS OF THE AIR GASES 67 2.5.1 APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN 67 2.5.1.1 APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN FOR INERTING AND PURGING 67 2.5.1.2 APPLICATIONS OF NITROGEN FOR COOLING, PRESERVING AND DEEP-FREEZING 74 2.5.2 APPLICATIONS OF OXYGEN 83 2.5.3 APPLICATIONS OF ARGON 104 REFERENCES 108 3 THE NOBLE CASES NEON, KRYPTON AND XENON I 1 1 3.1 1 IISTORY AND OCCURRENCE 111 3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 111 3.3 RECOVERY OF KRYPTON AND XENON '/ 12 3.3.1 PRE-CNRICHMENT IN THE AIR SEPARATOR 113 3.3.2 RECOVERY OF PURE KR AND XE 1 15 3.3.2.1 CATALYTIC COMBUSTION OF HYDROCARBONS 1 15 3.3.2.2 CRYOGENIC SEPARATION 116 3.4 RECOVERY OF NEON VIS 3.4.1 PRE-ENRICHMENT 118 3.4.2 FINE PURIFICATION 119 3.5 INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT PURITIES AND ANALYTICS 120 3.6 APPLICATIONS OF THE NOBLE GASES NEON, KRYPTON AND XENON 121 3.6.1 APPLICATIONS OF NEON 121 3.6.2 APPLICATIONS OF KRYPTON 121 3.6.3 APP 1 ICATIONS OF XENON 122 REFERENCES 124 CONTENTS IX 4 THE NOBLE GAS HELIUM 125 4.1 HISTORY, OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES 125 4.1.1 HISTORY 125 4.1.2 OCCURRENCE 125 4.1.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 127 4.2 RECOVERY 127 4.3 APPLICATIONS 131 REFERENCES 134 5 HYDROGEN AND CARBON MONOXIDE: SYNTHESIS CASES 135 5.1 HISTORY, OCCURRENCE AND PROPERTIES 135 5.1.1 INTRODUCTION 135 5.1.2 HISTORY OF SYNTHESIS GAS 136 5.1.3 HYDROGEN 136 5.1.3.1 HISTORY AND OCCURRENCE 136 5.1.3.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 137 5.1.4 CARBON MONOXIDE 141 5.1.4.1 HISTORY AND OCCURRENCE 141 5.1.4.2 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 141 5.2 PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS 143 5.2.1 PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN BY ELECTROLYSIS 143 5.2.2 PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS FROM HYDROCARBONS 144 5.2.2.1 GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS BY STEAM REFORMING 145 5.2.2.2 SYNTHESIS GAS GENERATION BY PARTIAL OXIDATION (PO) 146 5.2.2.3 GENERATION OF SYNTHESIS GAS BY AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING (ATR) 148 5.2.3 SYNTHESIS GAS PROCESSING 150 5.2.3.1 WATER-GAS SHIFT REACTOR 150 5.2.3.2 REMOVAL OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND ACID GASES 150 5.2.3.3 METHANATION 151 5.2.3.4 PRESSURE SWING ADSORPTION (PSA) 151 5.2.3.5 MEMBRANE PROCESSES 152 5.2.3.6 CRYOGENIC SEPARATION PROCESSES 1.53 5.2.4 PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SYNTHESIS GAS FROM HYDROCARBONS 156 5.2.4.1 REFORMER PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN 1.57 5.2.4.2 REFORMER UNITS FOR THE GENERATION OF CO AND H 2 158 5.2.4.3 PO-PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF CO ARID H 2 159 5.3 PROCESS ANALYTICS 161 5.4 APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN, CARBON MONOXIDE AND SYNGAS 164 5.4.1 APPLICATIONS OF HYDROGEN 164 5.4.1.1 HYDROGEN USE IN THE CHEMICAL INDUSTRY 165 5.4.1.2 HYDROGEN AS AN ENERGY CARRIER 166 5.4.1.3 FUEL CELLS 177 CONTENTS 5.4.2 APPLICATIONS OF CARBON MONOXIDE 182 5.4.3 APPLICATIONS OF SYNTHESIS GAS (MIXTURES OF CO AND H 2 ) 182 REFERENCES 182 6 CARBON DIOXIDE 185 6.1 HISTORY, OCCURRENCE, PROPERTIES AND SAFETY 185 6.1.1 HISTORY 185 6.1.2 OCCURRENCE 185 6.1.3 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 186 6.1.4 SAFETY ISSUES 188 6.2 RECOVERY OF CARBON DIOXIDE 189 6.2.1 SOURCES OF CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY 190 6.2.2 PRE-PURIFICATION, ENRICHMENT, EXTRACTION, CAPTURE 191 6.2.3 STANDARD PROCESS FOR THE LIQUEFACTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE 193 6.2.3.1 COMPRESSION AND WATER SEPARATION 194 6.2.3.2 ADSORBER STATION 194 6.2.3.3 LIQUEFACTION AND STRIPPING OF LIGHTER COMPONENTS 194 6.2.3.4 REFRIGERATING UNIT 194 6.2.4 PROCESS STEPS TO OBTAIN HIGH PRODUCT PURITY AND RECOVERY RATE 195 6.2.4.1 SCRUBBING 196 6.2.4.2 ADSORPTION AND CHEMISORPTION 197 6.2.4.3 CATALYTIC COMBUSTION 198 6.2.4.4 IMPROVEMENT OF THE CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY RATE 198 6.2.5 CARBON DIOXIDE RECOVERY FROM FLUE GAS 198 6.2.6 PRODUCTION OF DRY ICE 200 6.3 APPLICATIONS 201 REFERENCES 21.5 7 NATURAL GAS 217 7.1 1 LISTORY 217 7.2 OCCURRENCE 218 7.3 CONSUMPTION 220 7.4 NATURAL GAS TRADE 220 7.5 COMPOSITION 223 7.6 PROCESS OF NATURAL GAS TREATMENT 224 7.6.1 DEW-POINT ADJUSTMENT 224 7.6.2 SEPARATION OF LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS 225 .6.3 ETHANE SEPARATION 229 7.6.4 LIQUEFACTION 231 7.6.5 NITROGEN SEPARATION 236 7.7 APPLICATIONS 238 7 CONTENTS XI 8 FUEL GASES 239 8.1 INTRODUCTION 239 8.2 ACETYLENE C 2 H 2 240 8.2.1 ACETYLENE AND THE BEGINNINGS OF WELDING ENGINEERING 240 8.2.2 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 241 8.2.3 ACETYLENE DECOMPOSITION - DEFLAGRATION 243 8.2.4 IGNITABLE MIXTURES 243 8.2.5 LIQUEFACTION OF ACETYLENE-ACETYLENE HYDRATE 243 8.2.6 ACETYLENE HYDRATE 244 8.2.7 ACETYLIDES 244 8.2.8 EXTRACTION PROCESSES 246 8.2.8.1 ACETYLENE GENERATED VIA CARBIDE 246 8.2.8.2 PETROCHEMICALLY GENERATED ACETYLENE 246 8.2.9 GAS SUPPLY 246 8.2.9.1 STORAGE OF DISSOLVED ACETYLENE IN CYLINDERS 246 8.2.9.2 DESIGN OF A GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM 247 8.2.10 AUTOGENOUS ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 247 8.2.11 REGULATIONS 248 8.3 ETHENEC 2 H 4 249 8.3.1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 249 8.3.2 PRODUCTION PROCESSES 249 8.3.3 APPLICATION AND USE 249 8.3.4 GAS SUPPLY AND SAFETY 249 8.3.5 REGULATIONS 251 8.4 OTHER FUEL GASES 251 8.5 APPLICATIONS 252 REFERENCES 253 9 SPECIALTY GASES 255 9.1 INTRODUCTION 255 9.2 PURE GASES 256 9.2.1 DEFINITIONS 256 9.2.2 QUALITY CRITERIA 256 9.2.3 SOURCES/PRODUCTION 257 9.2.4 PURIFICATION/PROCESSING 257 9.2.5 APPLICATION EXAMPLES 258 9.3 GAS MIXTURES/CALIBRATION GAS MIXTURES 261 9.3.1 DEFINITIONS 262 9.3.2 PRODUCTION [9.9] 263 9.3.2.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY 263 9.3.2.2 PRETREATMENT OF CONTAINERS 263 9.3.2.3 PREPARATION METHODS 264 9.3.2.4 ANALYTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE 267 9.3.3 APPLICATION EXAMPLES 269 XII CONTENTS 9.4 ELECTRONIC GASES 269 9.4.1 DEFINITION/SPECIAL DEMANDS 269 9.4.2 APPLICATION EXAMPLES 271 9.5 DISPOSAL 271 9. 6 TRANSFER OF GASES 272 9.6.1 SELECTION OF THE MATERIALS 272 9.6.2 PHYSICAL INTERACTION FORCES 272 9.6.3 TIGHTNESS OF THE GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM 273 9.6.4 PURGING OF THE GAS SUPPLY SYSTEM 273 REFERENCES 275 10 CASES IN MEDICINE 277 10.1 INTRODUCTION 277 10.2 MEDICINAL OXYGEN 278 10.2.1 HOME-THERAPY 278 10.2.2 HOSPITALS AND OTHER FIELDS OF APPLICATION 280 10.3 GASES FOR ANAESTHESIA 280 10.3.1 MEDICAL NITROUS OXIDE (LAUGHING GAS) 280 10.3.2 XENON 281 10.4 MEDICAL. CARBONIC ACID (CARBON DIOXIDE) 281 10.5 MEDICAL AIR 282 REFERENCES 282 11 LOGISTICS OF INDUSTRIAL GAS SUPPLY 283 11.1 INTRODUCTION 283 1.1.2 STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF COMPRESSED GASES 284 11.2.1 FUNDAMENTALS 284 11.2.2 KINDS OF TRANSPORT AND STORAGE FOR COMPRESSED GASES 285 11.2.3 EFFICIENCY OF COMPRESSED AIR GAS TRANSPORT 286 11.3 STORAGE AND TRANSPORT OF LIQUEFIED COMPRESSED GASES 286 11.3.1 FUNDAMENTALS .286 11.3.2 FORMS OF TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF LIQUEFIED GASES 287 11.3.3 EFFICIENCY OF THE TRANSPORT OF LIQUEFIED GASES 288 11.4 SPECIAL FORMS OF SUPPLY 289 REFERENCES 289 SUBJECT INDEX 291 PPN: 266329071 TITEL: INDUSTRIAL GASES PROCESSING / ED. BY HEINZ-WOLFGANG HAERING. - WEINHEIM : WILEY-VCH, 2008 ISBN: 978-3-527-31685-4; 3-527-31685-X BIBLIOGRAPHISCHER DATENSATZ IM SWB-VERBUND
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spelling	Industrial gases processing ed. by Heinz-Wolfgang Häring Weinheim WILEY-VCH 2008 XIV, 296 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Obtencion y produccion de gas Technisches Gas (DE-588)4129981-4 gnd rswk-swf Gastechnik (DE-588)4019391-3 gnd rswk-swf Technisches Gas (DE-588)4129981-4 s Gastechnik (DE-588)4019391-3 s DE-604 Häring, Heinz-Wolfgang 1944-2022 Sonstige (DE-588)109402006 oth text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2930684&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015825565&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Industrial gases processing Obtencion y produccion de gas Technisches Gas (DE-588)4129981-4 gnd Gastechnik (DE-588)4019391-3 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4129981-4 (DE-588)4019391-3
title	Industrial gases processing
title_auth	Industrial gases processing
title_exact_search	Industrial gases processing
title_exact_search_txtP	Industrial gases processing
title_full	Industrial gases processing ed. by Heinz-Wolfgang Häring
title_fullStr	Industrial gases processing ed. by Heinz-Wolfgang Häring
title_full_unstemmed	Industrial gases processing ed. by Heinz-Wolfgang Häring
title_short	Industrial gases processing
title_sort	industrial gases processing
topic	Obtencion y produccion de gas Technisches Gas (DE-588)4129981-4 gnd Gastechnik (DE-588)4019391-3 gnd
topic_facet	Obtencion y produccion de gas Technisches Gas Gastechnik
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