European business: policy challenges for the new commercial environment
Gespeichert in:
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
2006
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XXIII, 456 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780415351348 9780203696927 |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Wirtschaftspolitik | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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Contents
List of illustrations xi
Preface xvii
Abbreviations xxi
Part I EUROPE THE NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND
GLOBAL DIMENSIONS 1
1 A PORTRAIT OF EUROPE: CHALLENGE AND CHANGE 3
Portrait of Europe 4
European social models 11
Europe's competitiveness problem 14
Internal change and the Lisbon Strategy 18
2 THE INTEGRATION IMPERATIVE: THEORY AND PRACTICE 24
What is economic integration? 25
Emergence of the EEC 30
The Treaty of Rome to the first enlargement 33
Political stagnation and economic sclerosis 34
Renewed vitality: from the Single European Act to the Treaty on
European Union 34
The Maastricht backlash to Amsterdam 38
Institutions of the European Union 45
The business environment and European integration 54
3 EUROPEAN BUSINESS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT 58
The form and nature of globalisation 58
Economic integration and the international business environment 61
vH
CONTENTS
The European economy: comparative performance 63
The global presence and role of European business 69
Corporate driven change in European business 73
European business and the threat of economic nationalism 76
Conclusions 78
Part II MARKET INTEGRATION 81
4 THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET: THE BEDROCK OF EUROPEAN
INTEGRATION 83
European business and the single market 84
The initial SEM programme: intentions and objectives 85
The commercial effects of the initial SEM programme 87
The opinion of business 91
The effect on consumers 91
Developing the SEM: towards a new strategy 92
Progress towards the completion of the SEM 94
The external dimension of the SEM 98
Conclusion 101
5 EUROPEAN COMPETITION POLICY: THE GUARDIAN OF INTEGRATED
MARKETS 103
The basis and form of competition policy 104
The core features of EU competition policy 105
Reform of competition policy 107
New themes in competition policy 109
The international dimension of EU competition policy 113
Conclusion 121
6 EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL POLICY: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS 124
The changing nature of European industry 124
The nature of industrial policy and international competitiveness 127
The evolving supranational policy: themes and issues 131
Towards an integrated approach to industrial policy 134
Sectoral issues in international competitiveness 138
Conclusion 142
7 DEVELOPING SMALL BUSINESSES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
WITHIN EUROPE 145
The role of SMEs in the modern economy 146
Creating a more entrepreneurial culture within Europe 149
HE vi
CONTENTS
The emerging challenges for Europe's SMEs: the internationalisation of markets 151
The evolution of Europe's enterprise policy 155
Conclusions 160
8 ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION: AN UNFINISHED PROJECT 162
What is EMU? 163
The road to EMU 165
Benefits and risks of E M U 169
The early years of EMU and looming challenges 172
Outlook 184
9 TRANS EUROPEAN NETWORKS: BUILDING AN INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR EUROPE 188
The commercial importance of network infrastructure 189
The emergence of TENs 192
The network sectors: generic themes and policies 194
The financing of TENs 197
The role of the EU 198
Further issues in the development of TENs 202
The expanding dimensions of TENs 203
Progress towards TENs 205
Conclusion 206
Part III INPUTS AND FACTORS OF PRODUCTION 209
10 TRANSPORT POLICY: TOWARDS EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE MOBILITY 211
The importance of transport to European business 212
Long term European transport trends 213
Evolution of the Common Transport Policy 215
Developing the CTP: the case of road haulage 219
Developing the CTP: the case of airlines 221
Developing the CTP: the case of rail 230
Conclusion: the future of the CTP 231
11 ENERGY POLICY: DEVELOPING COMPETITIVE, CLEAN AND SECURE
ENERGY SUPPLIES 234
Background to EU energy policy 235
Continuity of EU energy policy 236
The competition pillar 239
The environmental pillar 249
The security of supply pillar (the international dimension) 250
Corporate responses to EU energy policy 254
viiH
CONTENTS
12 MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE EUROPEAN INFORMATION ECONOMY 262
The information revolution and international competitiveness 263
Progress towards the information society 266
The European information society: generic themes and strategy 273
Challenges to the creation of the European information society 277
Conclusion 281
13 EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKETS: THE SEARCH FOR FLEXIBILITY 284
Trends in EU labour markets 285
Labour market flexibility 290
Evolution of EU labour market policy 293
Amsterdam and beyond 302
Labour mobility 306
Conclusion 308
14 ENVIRONMENT POLICY: GREEN LIGHT FOR COMPETITIVENESS 311
European business and the environment 312
The rise of ecological modernisation 316
Evolution of EU environment policy 321
The expanding range of European environmental policy 324
The international dimension of environmental policy 334
15 EUROPE AND THE CONSUMER: TAKING THE EUROPEAN CONSUMER
INTO ACCOUNT 338
The importance of consumers 339
The emergence of EU consumer policy 341
The strategy for consumers 343
Consumers and the euro 345
The European Food Safety Agency 346
EU consumer protection legislation 351
The Internet and consumer protection 352
Financial services 354
Conclusion 355
Part IV EUROPE AND THE REST OF THE WORLD 357
16 CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: RESPONSE TO A NEW BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT 359
The legacy of the past 360
Rapprochement between East and West Europe 361
What does an enlarged Europe mean? 366
The future 386
¦ viii
CONTENTS
17 EUROPEAN BUSINESS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE DEVELOPED WORLD 390
Europe and the triad 390
The EL), the WTO and the Common Commercial Policy 392
The challenge of intra industry trade 393
The EU and trade with the triad 395
Conclusion 406
18 EUROPE AND EMERGING ECONOMIES: OPPORTUNITY OR THREAT? 408
China 409
Russia 421
India 427
Index 434
Illustrations
CASE STUDIES
3.1 Fiat: a troubled European car giant 74
4.1 Financial market integration 99
5.1 France Telecom and state aids 110
5.2 The EU and Microsoft 118
6.1 Aerospace — Boeing vs Airbus 129
6.2 The steel sector 140
7.1 The Europe 500 list 152
8.1 Opting out of EMU: the case of the UK 180
9.1 The logistics of the Airbus 380 191
9.2 Short sea shipping and 'motorways of the sea' 200
10.1 Low cost airlines — the main beneficiaries of the single airline market 226
11.1 RWE — from German to European leader in power supply? 256
12.1 Nokia 271
13.1 Working hours — a test case for flexibility 297
14.1 The European chemical industry and the environment 313
14.2 BMW 319
15.1 The BSE crisis 347
15.2 Airline compensation 353
16.1 Whirlpool in Central Europe — at the heart of a global strategy 374
16.2 Emergence of a new automotive cluster? 379
17.1 EU and US open skies negotiations 401
17.2 Aircraft subsidies 404
18.1 European multinationals in China 412
18.2 'Bra wars' — anatomy of a trade dispute 418
xiH
ILLUSTRATIONS
BOXES
2.1 Forms of economic integration 26
2.2 Milestones in European integration 31
2.3 Key features of the SEA 3 5
2.4 Key features of the Maastricht Treaty 37
2.5 Innovations of the Amsterdam Treaty 40
2.6 Clarification of competencies 42
2.7 Key changes in the draft Constitutional Treaty 42
2.8 Ratification of EU Constitution state of play, May 2006 44
2.9 Types of EU legislation 47
2.10 Other EU institutions 49
2.11 Landmark ECJ decisions 52
2.12 Typical business challenges and opportunities from integration 54
3.1 Is the US really that far ahead? 68
4.1 Barriers to be removed in the SEM 86
5.1 EU Competition Policy instruments 106
6.1 Industry competencies outlined in the European treaties 133
6.2 The EU's new integrated industrial policy 136
6.3 The European Institute of Technology 138
7.1 Definition of SMEs 155
8.1 Milestones in the development of the single currency 166
8.2 The costs and benefits of EMU 170
8.3 The revised Stability and Growth Pact 175
9.1 Title XII — trans European networks 193
10.1 Milestones in the Common Transport Policy 217
10.2 Key transport terms 218
10.3 The three airline packages 222
11.1 The 2006 Energy Green Paper and the three pillars of energy policy 239
11.2 Milestones in EU energy policy 240
11.3 Renewable energy — a solution to Europe's energy problems? 251
13.1 Key labour market concepts 293
13.2 Social policy provisions of the Treaty of Rome 294
13.3 Milestones in EU labour market policy 295
13.4 Key social and employment initiatives in the Amsterdam Treaty 302
13.5 Free movement of labour for the 2004 accession states 307
14.1 The rise of Europe's eco industries 318
14.2 Milestones in EU environment policy 321
14.3 Key environment policy principles embedded within the treaties 322
14.4 Key features of the Sixth EAP (2001 10) 326
14.5 What is emissions trading and how does it work? 333
15.1 The EU and genetically modified (GM) foods 350
16.1 Milestones in the EU CEE relationship 362
16.2 Membership eligibility and the Copenhagen conditions 365
M xii
ILLUSTRATIONS
18.1 Milestones in EU China links 41S
18.2 Main points of EU—China agreement preceding China's accession to
the WTO in 2001 416
18.3 Milestones in EU—Russia links 42S
18.4 Potential sectors of interest in India for European business 429
18.5 Milestones in EU India links 430
TABLES
1.1 Portrait of the EU 5
1.2 Structure of European economies — composition of gross value added, 2004 9
1.3 Most specialised industrial activities by member state 10
1.4 Transposition of Lisbon Directives (state of play 1 June 200S) 19
2.1 Weighting of votes under qualified majority voting (from 1 May 2004) 48
3.1 World competitiveness Scoreboard 64
3.2 The EU's major trading partners, 2004 65
3.3 Share of world trade 65
3.4 The breakdown of the Global Fortune 500 69
3.5 The largest European multinational companies (by sales), 2005 70
3.6 European companies in the Fortune 500 71
3.7 The relative spread of the top ten MNCs 72
3.8 Breakdown of world top 100 non financial MNCs 73
4.1 The transposition of SEM directives by states, 2005 95
7.1 Basic facts about SMEs and LSEs in Europe 19, 2003 147
7.2 Comparative SME size between the EU 15 and the ten new member states 147
7.3 Comparative SME size across die Europe 19, the US and Japan 148
7.4 Criteria for SMEs 155
10.1 Comparison of airline business models 227
11.1 Evolution of rules governing Europe's electricity markets 242
11.2 Degree of market concentration in Europe's electricity supply sector 246
11.3 Import dependency in the EU 25 253
11.4 RWE's position in power and gas markets 258
12.1 Business usage of the Internet, 2003 268
12.2 Internet usage by individuals interacting with public authorities, 2004 269
12.3 Public administration and Internet usage by firms and citizens in EU 2S, 2004 269
13.1 Unemployment rates by member states, 1970 2005 286
13.2 Employment by economic activity and gender, 2000—02 287
13.3 Part time work and work of limited duration in member states 289
13.4 Old age dependency ratio in EU member states 291
13.5 Resident working age (15—64) population by nationality in EU 1S, 2005 306
15.1 Consumer awareness across the EU 15, 2004 340
16.1 Accession referendum results, 2003 366
16.2 Car production by foreign investors in CEE 381
xiii H
ILLUSTRATIONS
17.1 Manufacturing IIT in the EU 15 395
18.1 Output growth in the big three emerging economies and in large European
economies 4 10
18.2 Value of total Chinese exports by major commodity 411
18.3 Products and quotas included in the June 2005 Shanghai Agreement 418
FIGURES
1.1 Relative size of the'triad'economies 6
1.2 Relative size of EU economies, 2005 6
1.3 European social models 11
1.4 R D expenditure as a percentage of GDP, 2003 12
1.5 Patent applications to the EPO per million of the labour force, 2002 13
2.1 The nature of the integration process 28
3.1 European merchandise trade, 1998 2004 66
3.2 Trade in commercial services, 1998 2004 66
3.3 EU FDI inflows, 2001 03 67
3.4 EU FDI outflows, 2001 03 67
3.5 The rise of services within EU FDI 67
4.1 Intra EU exports and imports, 1992 2003 87
4.2 Intra EU FDI, 1993 2004 88
4.3 Price divergence within the EU 25 89
6.1 The breakdown of value added within the EU 15 125
6.2 Orders for civil aircraft, 1995 2005 129
6.3 Deliveries of civil aircraft, 1995 2005 130
8.1 €/US\ rate, January 1999 to May 2005 172
8.2 Support for the single currency, 1998 2004 178
8.3 Comparative economic performance inside and outside the eurozone 179
8.4 Inward FDI 181
9.1 A value chain representation of the importance of networks 190
10.1 Modal performance for passenger transport, EU 15 214
10.2 Modal performance for freight transport, EU 15 214
10.3 Freight modal split by member state, 2002 215
11.1 Integrated aspects of energy policy 236
11.2 Gross inland energy consumption by member state, 2003 237
11.3 Share of energy sources in total energy consumption, EU 15 237
11.4 Imports and exports as percentage of electricity consumption, 2004 247
11.5 Import capacity as percentage of installed capacity 247
11.6 Renewable energy as a percentage of gross inland energy consumption, EU 15 252
11.7 Share of electricity generated from renewable resources 252
11.8 Vertical integration in the RWE Group 257
12.1 The framework for the development of the information economy 265
12.2 Internet usage by individuals and enterprises 267
¦ xiv
ILLUSTRATIONS
12.3 Internet usage by all enterprises 268
12.4 Western European ICT market growth, 1996 2006 270
12.5 The strategic policy framework for the development of the EU information
economy 274
13.1 Overall employment rates, 2004 304
13.2 Female activity rates, 2004 30S
13.3 Employment rates for the SS—64 age group, 2004 30S
16.1a Real GDP growth in Central Europe, 1990 2004 368
16. lb Real GDP growth in the Baltic states and Slovenia, 1990 2004 368
16.2 Real GDP, 2003 369
16.3 GDP per capita in purchasing power standards, 200S 369
16.4 EU 2S shares of Central European imports and exports, 198S, 1990,
1995, 2003 370
16.5 Net FDI inflows into Central and Eastern Europe 372
16.6a Cumulative FDI, 1989 2003 373
16.6b Cumulative FDI inflows per capita, 1989 2003 373
16.7 Comparison of employment costs — annual average full time male 377
16.8 Labour costs in the motor industry, end 2004 380
16.9 Car ownership levels, 2002 381
17.1 EU 2S merchandise trade with Japan 396
17.2 EU 1S trade in services with Japan 396
17.3 EU 25 stock of FDI with Japan 397
17.4 EU 2S merchandise trade with the US 398
17.5 EU 15 trade in services with US 399
17.6 EU 25 FDI with the US 399
18.1 EU merchandise trade with China, 2000 04 410
18.2 EU merchandise trade with Russia, 1996 2004 422
18.3 Russia's main trading partners, 2004 422
18.4 EU exports to Russia 423
18.5 EU imports from Russia 424
18.6 EU merchandise trade with India, 2000 04 428
xv m |
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of illustrations xi
Preface xvii
Abbreviations xxi
Part I EUROPE THE NATIONAL, REGIONAL AND
GLOBAL DIMENSIONS 1
1 A PORTRAIT OF EUROPE: CHALLENGE AND CHANGE 3
Portrait of Europe 4
European social models 11
Europe's competitiveness problem 14
Internal change and the Lisbon Strategy 18
2 THE INTEGRATION IMPERATIVE: THEORY AND PRACTICE 24
What is economic integration? 25
Emergence of the EEC 30
The Treaty of Rome to the first enlargement 33
Political stagnation and economic sclerosis 34
Renewed vitality: from the Single European Act to the Treaty on
European Union 34
The Maastricht backlash to Amsterdam 38
Institutions of the European Union 45
The business environment and European integration 54
3 EUROPEAN BUSINESS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT 58
The form and nature of globalisation 58
Economic integration and the international business environment 61
vH
CONTENTS
The European economy: comparative performance 63
The global presence and role of European business 69
Corporate driven change in European business 73
European business and the threat of economic nationalism 76
Conclusions 78
Part II MARKET INTEGRATION 81
4 THE SINGLE EUROPEAN MARKET: THE BEDROCK OF EUROPEAN
INTEGRATION 83
European business and the single market 84
The initial SEM programme: intentions and objectives 85
The commercial effects of the initial SEM programme 87
The opinion of business 91
The effect on consumers 91
Developing the SEM: towards a new strategy 92
Progress towards the completion of the SEM 94
The external dimension of the SEM 98
Conclusion 101
5 EUROPEAN COMPETITION POLICY: THE GUARDIAN OF INTEGRATED
MARKETS 103
The basis and form of competition policy 104
The core features of EU competition policy 105
Reform of competition policy 107
New themes in competition policy 109
The international dimension of EU competition policy 113
Conclusion 121
6 EUROPEAN INDUSTRIAL POLICY: MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF
INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS 124
The changing nature of European industry 124
The nature of industrial policy and international competitiveness 127
The evolving supranational policy: themes and issues 131
Towards an integrated approach to industrial policy 134
Sectoral issues in international competitiveness 138
Conclusion 142
7 DEVELOPING SMALL BUSINESSES AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
WITHIN EUROPE 145
The role of SMEs in the modern economy 146
Creating a more entrepreneurial culture within Europe 149
HE vi
CONTENTS
The emerging challenges for Europe's SMEs: the internationalisation of markets 151
The evolution of Europe's enterprise policy 155
Conclusions 160
8 ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION: AN UNFINISHED PROJECT 162
What is EMU? 163
The road to EMU 165
Benefits and risks of E M U 169
The early years of EMU and looming challenges 172
Outlook 184
9 TRANS EUROPEAN NETWORKS: BUILDING AN INFRASTRUCTURE
FOR EUROPE 188
The commercial importance of network infrastructure 189
The emergence of TENs 192
The network sectors: generic themes and policies 194
The financing of TENs 197
The role of the EU 198
Further issues in the development of TENs 202
The expanding dimensions of TENs 203
Progress towards TENs 205
Conclusion 206
Part III INPUTS AND FACTORS OF PRODUCTION 209
10 TRANSPORT POLICY: TOWARDS EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE MOBILITY 211
The importance of transport to European business 212
Long term European transport trends 213
Evolution of the Common Transport Policy 215
Developing the CTP: the case of road haulage 219
Developing the CTP: the case of airlines 221
Developing the CTP: the case of rail 230
Conclusion: the future of the CTP 231
11 ENERGY POLICY: DEVELOPING COMPETITIVE, CLEAN AND SECURE
ENERGY SUPPLIES 234
Background to EU energy policy 235
Continuity of EU energy policy 236
The competition pillar 239
The environmental pillar 249
The security of supply pillar (the international dimension) 250
Corporate responses to EU energy policy 254
viiH
CONTENTS
12 MEETING THE CHALLENGES OF THE EUROPEAN INFORMATION ECONOMY 262
The information revolution and international competitiveness 263
Progress towards the information society 266
The European information society: generic themes and strategy 273
Challenges to the creation of the European information society 277
Conclusion 281
13 EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKETS: THE SEARCH FOR FLEXIBILITY 284
Trends in EU labour markets 285
Labour market flexibility 290
Evolution of EU labour market policy 293
Amsterdam and beyond 302
Labour mobility 306
Conclusion 308
14 ENVIRONMENT POLICY: GREEN LIGHT FOR COMPETITIVENESS 311
European business and the environment 312
The rise of ecological modernisation 316
Evolution of EU environment policy 321
The expanding range of European environmental policy 324
The international dimension of environmental policy 334
15 EUROPE AND THE CONSUMER: TAKING THE EUROPEAN CONSUMER
INTO ACCOUNT 338
The importance of consumers 339
The emergence of EU consumer policy 341
The strategy for consumers 343
Consumers and the euro 345
The European Food Safety Agency 346
EU consumer protection legislation 351
The Internet and consumer protection 352
Financial services 354
Conclusion 355
Part IV EUROPE AND THE REST OF THE WORLD 357
16 CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: RESPONSE TO A NEW BUSINESS
ENVIRONMENT 359
The legacy of the past 360
Rapprochement between East and West Europe 361
What does an enlarged Europe mean? 366
The future 386
¦ viii
CONTENTS
17 EUROPEAN BUSINESS IN A GLOBAL CONTEXT: THE DEVELOPED WORLD 390
Europe and the triad 390
The EL), the WTO and the Common Commercial Policy 392
The challenge of intra industry trade 393
The EU and trade with the triad 395
Conclusion 406
18 EUROPE AND EMERGING ECONOMIES: OPPORTUNITY OR THREAT? 408
China 409
Russia 421
India 427
Index 434
Illustrations
CASE STUDIES
3.1 Fiat: a troubled European car giant 74
4.1 Financial market integration 99
5.1 France Telecom and state aids 110
5.2 The EU and Microsoft 118
6.1 Aerospace — Boeing vs Airbus 129
6.2 The steel sector 140
7.1 The Europe 500 list 152
8.1 Opting out of EMU: the case of the UK 180
9.1 The logistics of the Airbus 380 191
9.2 Short sea shipping and 'motorways of the sea' 200
10.1 Low cost airlines — the main beneficiaries of the single airline market 226
11.1 RWE — from German to European leader in power supply? 256
12.1 Nokia 271
13.1 Working hours — a test case for flexibility 297
14.1 The European chemical industry and the environment 313
14.2 BMW 319
15.1 The BSE crisis 347
15.2 Airline compensation 353
16.1 Whirlpool in Central Europe — at the heart of a global strategy 374
16.2 Emergence of a new automotive cluster? 379
17.1 EU and US open skies negotiations 401
17.2 Aircraft subsidies 404
18.1 European multinationals in China 412
18.2 'Bra wars' — anatomy of a trade dispute 418
xiH
ILLUSTRATIONS
BOXES
2.1 Forms of economic integration 26
2.2 Milestones in European integration 31
2.3 Key features of the SEA 3 5
2.4 Key features of the Maastricht Treaty 37
2.5 Innovations of the Amsterdam Treaty 40
2.6 Clarification of competencies 42
2.7 Key changes in the draft Constitutional Treaty 42
2.8 Ratification of EU Constitution state of play, May 2006 44
2.9 Types of EU legislation 47
2.10 Other EU institutions 49
2.11 Landmark ECJ decisions 52
2.12 Typical business challenges and opportunities from integration 54
3.1 Is the US really that far ahead? 68
4.1 Barriers to be removed in the SEM 86
5.1 EU Competition Policy instruments 106
6.1 Industry competencies outlined in the European treaties 133
6.2 The EU's new integrated industrial policy 136
6.3 The European Institute of Technology 138
7.1 Definition of SMEs 155
8.1 Milestones in the development of the single currency 166
8.2 The costs and benefits of EMU 170
8.3 The revised Stability and Growth Pact 175
9.1 Title XII — trans European networks 193
10.1 Milestones in the Common Transport Policy 217
10.2 Key transport terms 218
10.3 The three airline packages 222
11.1 The 2006 Energy Green Paper and the three pillars of energy policy 239
11.2 Milestones in EU energy policy 240
11.3 Renewable energy — a solution to Europe's energy problems? 251
13.1 Key labour market concepts 293
13.2 Social policy provisions of the Treaty of Rome 294
13.3 Milestones in EU labour market policy 295
13.4 Key social and employment initiatives in the Amsterdam Treaty 302
13.5 Free movement of labour for the 2004 accession states 307
14.1 The rise of Europe's eco industries 318
14.2 Milestones in EU environment policy 321
14.3 Key environment policy principles embedded within the treaties 322
14.4 Key features of the Sixth EAP (2001 10) 326
14.5 What is emissions trading and how does it work? 333
15.1 The EU and genetically modified (GM) foods 350
16.1 Milestones in the EU CEE relationship 362
16.2 Membership eligibility and the Copenhagen conditions 365
M xii
ILLUSTRATIONS
18.1 Milestones in EU China links 41S
18.2 Main points of EU—China agreement preceding China's accession to
the WTO in 2001 416
18.3 Milestones in EU—Russia links 42S
18.4 Potential sectors of interest in India for European business 429
18.5 Milestones in EU India links 430
TABLES
1.1 Portrait of the EU 5
1.2 Structure of European economies — composition of gross value added, 2004 9
1.3 Most specialised industrial activities by member state 10
1.4 Transposition of Lisbon Directives (state of play 1 June 200S) 19
2.1 Weighting of votes under qualified majority voting (from 1 May 2004) 48
3.1 World competitiveness Scoreboard 64
3.2 The EU's major trading partners, 2004 65
3.3 Share of world trade 65
3.4 The breakdown of the Global Fortune 500 69
3.5 The largest European multinational companies (by sales), 2005 70
3.6 European companies in the Fortune 500 71
3.7 The relative spread of the top ten MNCs 72
3.8 Breakdown of world top 100 non financial MNCs 73
4.1 The transposition of SEM directives by states, 2005 95
7.1 Basic facts about SMEs and LSEs in Europe 19, 2003 147
7.2 Comparative SME size between the EU 15 and the ten new member states 147
7.3 Comparative SME size across die Europe 19, the US and Japan 148
7.4 Criteria for SMEs 155
10.1 Comparison of airline business models 227
11.1 Evolution of rules governing Europe's electricity markets 242
11.2 Degree of market concentration in Europe's electricity supply sector 246
11.3 Import dependency in the EU 25 253
11.4 RWE's position in power and gas markets 258
12.1 Business usage of the Internet, 2003 268
12.2 Internet usage by individuals interacting with public authorities, 2004 269
12.3 Public administration and Internet usage by firms and citizens in EU 2S, 2004 269
13.1 Unemployment rates by member states, 1970 2005 286
13.2 Employment by economic activity and gender, 2000—02 287
13.3 Part time work and work of limited duration in member states 289
13.4 Old age dependency ratio in EU member states 291
13.5 Resident working age (15—64) population by nationality in EU 1S, 2005 306
15.1 Consumer awareness across the EU 15, 2004 340
16.1 Accession referendum results, 2003 366
16.2 Car production by foreign investors in CEE 381
xiii H
ILLUSTRATIONS
17.1 Manufacturing IIT in the EU 15 395
18.1 Output growth in the big three emerging economies and in large European
economies 4 10
18.2 Value of total Chinese exports by major commodity 411
18.3 Products and quotas included in the June 2005 Shanghai Agreement 418
FIGURES
1.1 Relative size of the'triad'economies 6
1.2 Relative size of EU economies, 2005 6
1.3 European social models 11
1.4 R D expenditure as a percentage of GDP, 2003 12
1.5 Patent applications to the EPO per million of the labour force, 2002 13
2.1 The nature of the integration process 28
3.1 European merchandise trade, 1998 2004 66
3.2 Trade in commercial services, 1998 2004 66
3.3 EU FDI inflows, 2001 03 67
3.4 EU FDI outflows, 2001 03 67
3.5 The rise of services within EU FDI 67
4.1 Intra EU exports and imports, 1992 2003 87
4.2 Intra EU FDI, 1993 2004 88
4.3 Price divergence within the EU 25 89
6.1 The breakdown of value added within the EU 15 125
6.2 Orders for civil aircraft, 1995 2005 129
6.3 Deliveries of civil aircraft, 1995 2005 130
8.1 €/US\ rate, January 1999 to May 2005 172
8.2 Support for the single currency, 1998 2004 178
8.3 Comparative economic performance inside and outside the eurozone 179
8.4 Inward FDI 181
9.1 A value chain representation of the importance of networks 190
10.1 Modal performance for passenger transport, EU 15 214
10.2 Modal performance for freight transport, EU 15 214
10.3 Freight modal split by member state, 2002 215
11.1 Integrated aspects of energy policy 236
11.2 Gross inland energy consumption by member state, 2003 237
11.3 Share of energy sources in total energy consumption, EU 15 237
11.4 Imports and exports as percentage of electricity consumption, 2004 247
11.5 Import capacity as percentage of installed capacity 247
11.6 Renewable energy as a percentage of gross inland energy consumption, EU 15 252
11.7 Share of electricity generated from renewable resources 252
11.8 Vertical integration in the RWE Group 257
12.1 The framework for the development of the information economy 265
12.2 Internet usage by individuals and enterprises 267
¦ xiv
ILLUSTRATIONS
12.3 Internet usage by all enterprises 268
12.4 Western European ICT market growth, 1996 2006 270
12.5 The strategic policy framework for the development of the EU information
economy 274
13.1 Overall employment rates, 2004 304
13.2 Female activity rates, 2004 30S
13.3 Employment rates for the SS—64 age group, 2004 30S
16.1a Real GDP growth in Central Europe, 1990 2004 368
16. lb Real GDP growth in the Baltic states and Slovenia, 1990 2004 368
16.2 Real GDP, 2003 369
16.3 GDP per capita in purchasing power standards, 200S 369
16.4 EU 2S shares of Central European imports and exports, 198S, 1990,
1995, 2003 370
16.5 Net FDI inflows into Central and Eastern Europe 372
16.6a Cumulative FDI, 1989 2003 373
16.6b Cumulative FDI inflows per capita, 1989 2003 373
16.7 Comparison of employment costs — annual average full time male 377
16.8 Labour costs in the motor industry, end 2004 380
16.9 Car ownership levels, 2002 381
17.1 EU 2S merchandise trade with Japan 396
17.2 EU 1S trade in services with Japan 396
17.3 EU 25 stock of FDI with Japan 397
17.4 EU 2S merchandise trade with the US 398
17.5 EU 15 trade in services with US 399
17.6 EU 25 FDI with the US 399
18.1 EU merchandise trade with China, 2000 04 410
18.2 EU merchandise trade with Russia, 1996 2004 422
18.3 Russia's main trading partners, 2004 422
18.4 EU exports to Russia 423
18.5 EU imports from Russia 424
18.6 EU merchandise trade with India, 2000 04 428
xv m |
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| geographic | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten European Union countries Commercial policy |
| geographic_facet | Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten European Union countries Commercial policy |
| id | DE-604.BV022587394 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:17:11Z |
| indexdate | 2025-01-02T11:18:42Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780415351348 9780203696927 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015793554 |
| oclc_num | 62796294 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-N2 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-N2 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-188 |
| physical | XXIII, 456 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Johnson, Debra Verfasser aut European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment Debra Johnson and Colin Turner 2. ed. London [u.a.] Routledge 2006 XXIII, 456 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Concurrentiebeleid gtt Economische politiek gtt Industriepolitiek gtt Ondernemingen gtt Unternehmen Wirtschaftspolitik Industrial policy European Union countries Business enterprises European Union countries Competition, International Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaftliche Integration (DE-588)4066410-7 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten European Union countries Commercial policy Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 s Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s DE-604 Wirtschaftliche Integration (DE-588)4066410-7 s DE-188 Turner, Colin Verfasser aut HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015793554&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Johnson, Debra Turner, Colin European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Concurrentiebeleid gtt Economische politiek gtt Industriepolitiek gtt Ondernemingen gtt Unternehmen Wirtschaftspolitik Industrial policy European Union countries Business enterprises European Union countries Competition, International Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd Wirtschaftliche Integration (DE-588)4066410-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4170174-4 (DE-588)4066410-7 |
| title | European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment |
| title_auth | European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment |
| title_exact_search | European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment |
| title_exact_search_txtP | European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment |
| title_full | European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment Debra Johnson and Colin Turner |
| title_fullStr | European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment Debra Johnson and Colin Turner |
| title_full_unstemmed | European business policy challenges for the new commercial environment Debra Johnson and Colin Turner |
| title_short | European business |
| title_sort | european business policy challenges for the new commercial environment |
| title_sub | policy challenges for the new commercial environment |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Concurrentiebeleid gtt Economische politiek gtt Industriepolitiek gtt Ondernemingen gtt Unternehmen Wirtschaftspolitik Industrial policy European Union countries Business enterprises European Union countries Competition, International Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd Wirtschaftliche Integration (DE-588)4066410-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Concurrentiebeleid Economische politiek Industriepolitiek Ondernemingen Unternehmen Wirtschaftspolitik Industrial policy European Union countries Business enterprises European Union countries Competition, International Mitgliedsstaaten Wirtschaftliche Integration Europäische Union. Mitgliedsstaaten European Union countries Commercial policy |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015793554&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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