Geoarchaeology: underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt
Gespeichert in:
| Format: | Buch |
|---|---|
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Oxford
Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology, Inst. of Archaeology
2007
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Monograph / Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology
2 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | XIV, 128 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. und Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0954962745 9780954962746 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Geoarchaeology |b underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt |c Jean-Daniel Stanley ; with Alessio Bandelli ... (et al.) |
| 264 | 1 | |a Oxford |b Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology, Inst. of Archaeology |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 128 S. |b zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. und Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Monograph / Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology |v 2 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1804136643297280000 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Figures
vii
List of Tables
ix
Preface
xi
Acknowledgements
xiii
Abbreviations
xiv
Chapter
1
Geoarchaeological exploration of submerged sites in Aboukir Bay, Egypt:
an introduction by Jean-Daniel Stanley
1
1
Geology integrated with submarine archaeology
1
2
Among the major findings
2
3
Palaeogeographic interpretation of settlement areas
2
4
Questions remain, studies continue
3
Chapter
2
Nile delta geography at the time of Heracleion and East Canopus by Jean-Daniel Stanley
and Andrew G.
Warne 5
1
The Nile delta setting
5
2
The recent north-western delta
6
3
Processes that shaped the north-west delta margin
10
4
North-west delta evolution: historical documentation
11
5
North-west delta evolution from the Greek to the Byzantine period: the geological record
11
6
Aboukir Bay evolution from the Arabic period to the present
14
7
Summary and conclusions
21
Chapter
3
Submergence of archaeological sites in Aboukir Bay, the result of gradual long-term
processes plus catastrophic events by Jean-Daniel Stanley, Gerard Schnepp and Thomas Jorstad
23
1
Introduction
23
2
The problem of site submergence
23
3
Geological setting of the study area
24
4
Recent displacement of surficial strata
28
5
Disturbed stratification and anomalous radiocarbon dates in surficial sediment
39
6
Submergence by gradual processes: causes and effects
46
Contents
7
Physical conditions leading to rapid substrate failure
51
8
Triggering of sudden failure and subsidence at the Canopic mouth
54
Chapter
4
Faunal analyses in the interpretation of the submergence of substrates beneath Heracleion
and East Canopus by Maria
Pia
Bernasconi,
Romana Melis,
Nevio
Pugliese,
Jean-Daniel Stanley
and
Alessio Bandelli
59
1
Introduction
59
2
Methodology
59
3
Observations
77
4
Discussion
82
5
Conclusions
85
Chapter
5
Vibracores in Aboukir Bay: description and analyses by Thomas Jorstad and Jean-Daniel Stanley
87
1
Core recovery and accession
87
2
Core log description
88
3
Perspectives
92
Appendix
1
Logs of Vibracores in Aboukir Bay
93
Appendix
2
AMS
dates from Aboukir Bay vibracores
118
Bibliography
ш
Index
127
VI
List of Figures
Chapter
2
2.1
Principal topographical and geographical features of the Nile delta
6
2.2
Summary of wind, marine wave and coastal current regime of the Nile delta coastal
region.
7
2.3
General bathymetry in the area from Aboukir to the
Rosetta
promontory along the
north-western Nile delta. General distribution of submarine Nile delta sediments along
the north-west Nile delta coast, shelf and slope.
8
2.4
Geomorphic/land use map of the modern Nile delta plain in the Aboukir
Bay-Rosetta
promontory area.
9
2.5
Summary of river Nile discharge variations during the middle to late Holocene.
11
2.6
Generalised maps of the Nile delta showing the positions of major distributary channels
and canals.
12
2.7
Historical maps showing the configuration of the north-west Nile delta from the middle
sixteenth to the late eighteenth century AD.
13
2.8
Map by Hondius (AD
1625)
of the lower Nile.
14
2.9
Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the northern Nile delta for
-2000
ВС, -100
ВС,
-AD
1800. 15
2.10
Geological cross-section in the Aboukir region of the north-west Nile delta.
Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the north-western delta at about
2000-1000
ВС.
Reconstruction at
-500
ВС.
16
2.11
Historic maps showing the advance of the
Rosetta
promontory, north-western Nile delta.
17
2.12
Location of submerged archaeological sites and the Canopic branch in Aboukir Bay as
interpreted by Toussoun in
1934.
The centres of Heracleion and East Canopus.
19
2.13
Map of the sea-floor in present Aboukir Bay and location of Heracleion and East
Canopus.
20
Chapter
3
3.1
Map showing Aboukir Bay on the north-western margin of the Nile delta, Egypt. Major
geological structures on the north-western and north-central margins of the Nile delta.
South-north transect across the north-western Nile delta margin.
25
3.2
Seismic profiles in Aboukir Bay.
26
3.3
Earthquake epicentres in the eastern Mediterranean.
27
3.4
Map of Aboukir Bay margin showing the total Holocene thickness (contours in metres)
and long-term average Holocene subsidence rates in cm per year.
28
3 5
General topographical map of western Aboukir Bay showing locations of Heracleion and
East Canopus and high-resolution seismic lines.
29
3.6
Portions of six west-to-east high-resolution seismic profiles collected in the northern part
of the western bay.
31
3.7
Portions of six west-to-east high-resolution seismic profiles collected in the central part
of the western bay.
32
3.8
Portions of six west-to-east high-resolution seismic profiles collected in the central to
southern part of the western bay.
33
vii
List of Figures
3.9
Enlarged sections of high-resolution profiles from Figures
3.6
and
3.7. 34
3.10
Configuration of three Canopic sub-lobe channels (Cl, C2, C3) that once extended from
the present coast towards the north.
36
3.11
Side-scan sonar images obtained in the Heracleion area.
37
3.12
Results of a nuclear resonance magnetometer survey across the study area.
38
3.13
Photographs collected in the diver-excavated trench.
40
3.14
Grain size distribution of sand fill collected in the diver-excavated trench at East
Canopus.
41
3.15
Map of western Aboukir Bay showing locations of high-resolution seismic lines and
17
vibrocore sites in areas near and between Heracleion and East Canopus.
42
3.16
Photographs showing vibrocore drilling; recovery of a sediment-filled aluminium core
section; splitting of an initial test core aboard the boat.
43
3.17
Simplified
lithologie
logs of
17
vibracores collected in western Aboukir Bay.
44
3.18
Selected
Х
-radiographs of split-core sections from the study area.
45
3.19
Recent evolution of the modern Mississippi delta showing periodic shifts of delta sub-lobes
along the coastal margin.
48
3.20
Schematic showing hydraulic conditions, axial jet flow and sediment discharge at a river
mouth. Diagram (axial cross-section) of similar flow conditions.
49
3.21
Formation of diapirs by the upward flow of sediment just off one of the mouths (South
Pass) of the Mississippi.
50
3.22
Examples of diverse sediment failure and mass movement commonly recorded at different
delta margins.
52
3.23
Growth fault offset and massive syndepositional failure and lateral displacement of
sediment at and seaward of the modern Ebro delta in the western Mediterranean.
Growth faulting and associated sediment failure at the Mississippi delta margin.
53
3.24
Summary scheme that highlights the causes and effects of both gradual and rapid to
sudden events affecting western Aboukir Bay during the past ~2500 years.
55
Chapter
4
4.1
Lower Nile delta margin of Egypt. Map of western Aboukir Bay showing locations of
vibracore sites at Heracleion and East Canopus.
60
4.2
Simplified lithological logs recovered at Heracleion.
68
4.3
Simplified lithological logs recovered at East Canopus.
69
4.4
Cluster analysis plots for molluscs, foraminifera and ostracods.
71
4.5
Some molluscan species representative of the Holocene environments recorded in the core
samples.
78
4.6
Some foraminifer species representative of Holocene environments recorded in the core
samples.
79
4.7
Some foraminifer species representative of Holocene environments recorded in core
samples.
79
4.8
Some ostracod species representative of different Holocene environments in studied core
samples.
81
4.9
Two type-cores, one from Heracleion (ST9) and the other from East Canopus.
83
Chapter
5
5.1
Map showing locations of the
17
vibracores collected at and near the ancient cities of
Heracleion and East Canopus in Aboukir Bay.
88
vin
List of Tables
Chapter
4
4.1 Textural
data for samples examined in nine cores from Heracleion and East Canopus.
60-1
4.2
Molluscan species identified in this study, with
taxa
listed in systematic order.
63
4.3
Data matrix used for the cluster analysis with molluscs.
64-7
4.4
Foraminifer species identified in this study, with
taxa
listed in alphabetical order.
70
4.5
Data matrix used for the cluster analysis with foraminifers.
72-5
4.6
Ostracod species identified in this study, with
taxa
listed in alphabetical order.
76
4.7
Data matrix used for the cluster analysis with ostracods.
76-7
Chapter
5
5.1
Legend and graphic logs of vibracores recovered at
17
sites in Aboukir Bay.
90-1
ix
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of Figures
vii
List of Tables
ix
Preface
xi
Acknowledgements
xiii
Abbreviations
xiv
Chapter
1
Geoarchaeological exploration of submerged sites in Aboukir Bay, Egypt:
an introduction by Jean-Daniel Stanley
1
1
Geology integrated with submarine archaeology
1
2
Among the major findings
2
3
Palaeogeographic interpretation of settlement areas
2
4
Questions remain, studies continue
3
Chapter
2
Nile delta geography at the time of Heracleion and East Canopus by Jean-Daniel Stanley
and Andrew G.
Warne 5
1
The Nile delta setting
5
2
The recent north-western delta
6
3
Processes that shaped the north-west delta margin
10
4
North-west delta evolution: historical documentation
11
5
North-west delta evolution from the Greek to the Byzantine period: the geological record
11
6
Aboukir Bay evolution from the Arabic period to the present
14
7
Summary and conclusions
21
Chapter
3
Submergence of archaeological sites in Aboukir Bay, the result of gradual long-term
processes plus catastrophic events by Jean-Daniel Stanley, Gerard Schnepp and Thomas Jorstad
23
1
Introduction
23
2
The problem of site submergence
23
3
Geological setting of the study area
24
4
Recent displacement of surficial strata
28
5
Disturbed stratification and anomalous radiocarbon dates in surficial sediment
39
6
Submergence by gradual processes: causes and effects
46
Contents
7
Physical conditions leading to rapid substrate failure
51
8
Triggering of sudden failure and subsidence at the Canopic mouth
54
Chapter
4
Faunal analyses in the interpretation of the submergence of substrates beneath Heracleion
and East Canopus by Maria
Pia
Bernasconi,
Romana Melis,
Nevio
Pugliese,
Jean-Daniel Stanley
and
Alessio Bandelli
59
1
Introduction
59
2
Methodology
59
3
Observations
77
4
Discussion
82
5
Conclusions
85
Chapter
5
Vibracores in Aboukir Bay: description and analyses by Thomas Jorstad and Jean-Daniel Stanley
87
1
Core recovery and accession
87
2
Core log description
88
3
Perspectives
92
Appendix
1
Logs of Vibracores in Aboukir Bay
93
Appendix
2
AMS
dates from Aboukir Bay vibracores
118
Bibliography
ш
Index
127
VI
List of Figures
Chapter
2
2.1
Principal topographical and geographical features of the Nile delta
6
2.2
Summary of wind, marine wave and coastal current regime of the Nile delta coastal
region.
7
2.3
General bathymetry in the area from Aboukir to the
Rosetta
promontory along the
north-western Nile delta. General distribution of submarine Nile delta sediments along
the north-west Nile delta coast, shelf and slope.
8
2.4
Geomorphic/land use map of the modern Nile delta plain in the Aboukir
Bay-Rosetta
promontory area.
9
2.5
Summary of river Nile discharge variations during the middle to late Holocene.
11
2.6
Generalised maps of the Nile delta showing the positions of major distributary channels
and canals.
12
2.7
Historical maps showing the configuration of the north-west Nile delta from the middle
sixteenth to the late eighteenth century AD.
13
2.8
Map by Hondius (AD
1625)
of the lower Nile.
14
2.9
Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the northern Nile delta for
-2000
ВС, -100
ВС,
-AD
1800. 15
2.10
Geological cross-section in the Aboukir region of the north-west Nile delta.
Palaeogeographical reconstruction of the north-western delta at about
2000-1000
ВС.
Reconstruction at
-500
ВС.
16
2.11
Historic maps showing the advance of the
Rosetta
promontory, north-western Nile delta.
17
2.12
Location of submerged archaeological sites and the Canopic branch in Aboukir Bay as
interpreted by Toussoun in
1934.
The centres of Heracleion and East Canopus.
19
2.13
Map of the sea-floor in present Aboukir Bay and location of Heracleion and East
Canopus.
20
Chapter
3
3.1
Map showing Aboukir Bay on the north-western margin of the Nile delta, Egypt. Major
geological structures on the north-western and north-central margins of the Nile delta.
South-north transect across the north-western Nile delta margin.
25
3.2
Seismic profiles in Aboukir Bay.
26
3.3
Earthquake epicentres in the eastern Mediterranean.
27
3.4
Map of Aboukir Bay margin showing the total Holocene thickness (contours in metres)
and long-term average Holocene subsidence rates in cm per year.
28
3 5
General topographical map of western Aboukir Bay showing locations of Heracleion and
East Canopus and high-resolution seismic lines.
29
3.6
Portions of six west-to-east high-resolution seismic profiles collected in the northern part
of the western bay.
31
3.7
Portions of six west-to-east high-resolution seismic profiles collected in the central part
of the western bay.
32
3.8
Portions of six west-to-east high-resolution seismic profiles collected in the central to
southern part of the western bay.
33
vii
List of Figures
3.9
Enlarged sections of high-resolution profiles from Figures
3.6
and
3.7. 34
3.10
Configuration of three Canopic sub-lobe channels (Cl, C2, C3) that once extended from
the present coast towards the north.
36
3.11
Side-scan sonar images obtained in the Heracleion area.
37
3.12
Results of a nuclear resonance magnetometer survey across the study area.
38
3.13
Photographs collected in the diver-excavated trench.
40
3.14
Grain size distribution of sand fill collected in the diver-excavated trench at East
Canopus.
41
3.15
Map of western Aboukir Bay showing locations of high-resolution seismic lines and
17
vibrocore sites in areas near and between Heracleion and East Canopus.
42
3.16
Photographs showing vibrocore drilling; recovery of a sediment-filled aluminium core
section; splitting of an initial test core aboard the boat.
43
3.17
Simplified
lithologie
logs of
17
vibracores collected in western Aboukir Bay.
44
3.18
Selected
Х
-radiographs of split-core sections from the study area.
45
3.19
Recent evolution of the modern Mississippi delta showing periodic shifts of delta sub-lobes
along the coastal margin.
48
3.20
Schematic showing hydraulic conditions, axial jet flow and sediment discharge at a river
mouth. Diagram (axial cross-section) of similar flow conditions.
49
3.21
Formation of diapirs by the upward flow of sediment just off one of the mouths (South
Pass) of the Mississippi.
50
3.22
Examples of diverse sediment failure and mass movement commonly recorded at different
delta margins.
52
3.23
Growth fault offset and massive syndepositional failure and lateral displacement of
sediment at and seaward of the modern Ebro delta in the western Mediterranean.
Growth faulting and associated sediment failure at the Mississippi delta margin.
53
3.24
Summary scheme that highlights the causes and effects of both gradual and rapid to
sudden events affecting western Aboukir Bay during the past ~2500 years.
55
Chapter
4
4.1
Lower Nile delta margin of Egypt. Map of western Aboukir Bay showing locations of
vibracore sites at Heracleion and East Canopus.
60
4.2
Simplified lithological logs recovered at Heracleion.
68
4.3
Simplified lithological logs recovered at East Canopus.
69
4.4
Cluster analysis plots for molluscs, foraminifera and ostracods.
71
4.5
Some molluscan species representative of the Holocene environments recorded in the core
samples.
78
4.6
Some foraminifer species representative of Holocene environments recorded in the core
samples.
79
4.7
Some foraminifer species representative of Holocene environments recorded in core
samples.
79
4.8
Some ostracod species representative of different Holocene environments in studied core
samples.
81
4.9
Two type-cores, one from Heracleion (ST9) and the other from East Canopus.
83
Chapter
5
5.1
Map showing locations of the
17
vibracores collected at and near the ancient cities of
Heracleion and East Canopus in Aboukir Bay.
88
vin
List of Tables
Chapter
4
4.1 Textural
data for samples examined in nine cores from Heracleion and East Canopus.
60-1
4.2
Molluscan species identified in this study, with
taxa
listed in systematic order.
63
4.3
Data matrix used for the cluster analysis with molluscs.
64-7
4.4
Foraminifer species identified in this study, with
taxa
listed in alphabetical order.
70
4.5
Data matrix used for the cluster analysis with foraminifers.
72-5
4.6
Ostracod species identified in this study, with
taxa
listed in alphabetical order.
76
4.7
Data matrix used for the cluster analysis with ostracods.
76-7
Chapter
5
5.1
Legend and graphic logs of vibracores recovered at
17
sites in Aboukir Bay.
90-1
ix |
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| discipline_str_mv | Geschichte Geographie |
| era | Geschichte 1996-2006 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1996-2006 |
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| geographic | Kanopus (DE-588)4275050-7 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kanopus |
| id | DE-604.BV022532902 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T18:07:17Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:59:39Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0954962745 9780954962746 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015739458 |
| oclc_num | 237136343 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-11 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-11 DE-188 |
| physical | XIV, 128 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. und Kt. |
| psigel | gbd_BP_84430 |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology, Inst. of Archaeology |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Monograph / Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology |
| spelling | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt Jean-Daniel Stanley ; with Alessio Bandelli ... (et al.) Oxford Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology, Inst. of Archaeology 2007 XIV, 128 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. und Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Monograph / Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology 2 Geschichte 1996-2006 gnd rswk-swf Unterwasserarchäologie (DE-588)4062041-4 gnd rswk-swf Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd rswk-swf Kanopus (DE-588)4275050-7 gnd rswk-swf Kanopus (DE-588)4275050-7 g Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 s Unterwasserarchäologie (DE-588)4062041-4 s Geschichte 1996-2006 z b DE-604 Stanley, Jean-Daniel Sonstige oth Bandelli, Alessio Sonstige oth Oxford Centre for Maritime Archaeology Monograph 2 (DE-604)BV022871630 2 Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015739458&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt Unterwasserarchäologie (DE-588)4062041-4 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4062041-4 (DE-588)4129464-6 (DE-588)4275050-7 |
| title | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt |
| title_auth | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt |
| title_exact_search | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt |
| title_full | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt Jean-Daniel Stanley ; with Alessio Bandelli ... (et al.) |
| title_fullStr | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt Jean-Daniel Stanley ; with Alessio Bandelli ... (et al.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt Jean-Daniel Stanley ; with Alessio Bandelli ... (et al.) |
| title_short | Geoarchaeology |
| title_sort | geoarchaeology underwater archaeology in the canopic region in egypt |
| title_sub | underwater archaeology in the Canopic Region in Egypt |
| topic | Unterwasserarchäologie (DE-588)4062041-4 gnd Ausgrabung (DE-588)4129464-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Unterwasserarchäologie Ausgrabung Kanopus |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015739458&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV022871630 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT stanleyjeandaniel geoarchaeologyunderwaterarchaeologyinthecanopicregioninegypt AT bandellialessio geoarchaeologyunderwaterarchaeologyinthecanopicregioninegypt |