Evidentiality:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford [u.a.]
Oxford Univ. Press
2006
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. in paperback |
| Series: | Oxford linguistics
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Physical Description: | XXIII, 452 S. |
| ISBN: | 9780199263882 0199263884 9780199204335 0199204330 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804136637837344768 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
χι
Acknowledgments
xiv
Abbreviations
xvi
Conventions
xxiv
List of Tables
xxv
List of Diagrams
xxvi
List of Schemes
xxvii
ι
Preliminaries and key concepts
ι
1.1 Evidentiality: an illustration
ι
1.2
What is, and what is not, an evidential
3
1.2.1
The nature of linguistic evidentials
3
1.2.2
Expressing information source by means other
than grammatical evidentials
ю
1.3
Evidentials as a linguistic term
11
1.4
Challenges
17
1.5
How this book is organized
19
2
Evidentials worldwide
23
2.1
Evidentiality systems with two choices
25
2.1.1
Evidentiality systems with two choices: an overview
26
2.1.2
Evidentiality systems with two choices: analytic difficulties
38
2.2
Evidentiality systems with three choices
42
2.3
Evidentiality systems with four choices
51
2.4
Evidentiality systems with five or more choices
60
2.5
Information sources throughout the world
:
a summary
63
3
How to mark information source
67
3.1
Grammatical means for evidential marking
67
3.2
Markedness in evidentiality systems
70
3.2.1
Functional markedness in evidentiality systems
71
3.2.2
Formal markedness in evidentiality systems
72
3.2.3
Evidentiality-neutral forms
75
3.2.4
Omission of evidentials
78
3.3
Scattered coding of evidentiality
80
3.4
Several evidentiality subsystems in one language
82
Contents
3.5 Double
marking
of
information source
87
3.6
How one evidential can occur more than once
95
3.7
Scope of evidentiality
96
3.8
Time reference of evidential
99
3.9
Expression of evidentials: a summary
103
4
Evidential extensions of non-evidential categories
105
4.1
Non-in dica
tive
moods, modalities, and future
106
4.2
Perfect, resultative, and past tenses
112
4.3
Passives
116
4.4
Nominalizations
117
4.5
Complementation
120
4.6
Person-marking
123
4.7
Perceptual meanings in demonstratives
130
4.8
Reported speech as evidentiality strategy
132
4.8.1
Marking reported speech
132
4.8.2
Reported speech and reported evidentials:
semantic affinities
135
4.8.3
Reported evidential and reported speech:
division of labour
137
4.8.4
Grammaticalization of reported speech
markers and incipient evidentials
140
4.9
Several evidentiality strategies in one language
142
4.10
Evidentiality strategies: what can we conclude?
144
4.11
Modal expressions and evidentiality strategies:
where to draw the line?
147
5
Evidentials and their meanings
153
5.1
Semantic complexity in systems with two
evidentiality choices
154
5.2
Semantic complexity in systems with three evidentiality choices
159
5.2.1
Visual, or direct, evidential in systems with three choices
159
5.2.2
Non-visual sensory evidential in systems with
three choices
162
5.2.3
Inferred evidential in systems with three choices
163
5.3
Semantic complexity within larger systems
166
5.3.1
Semantic complexity of sensory evidentials
167
5.3.2
Semantic complexity of inferred evidentials
174
5.4
Semantic complexity of reported evidentials
176
5.4.1
Reported versus quotative
177
5.4.2
Distinguishing secondhand and thirdhand information
178
Contents ix
5.4.3
Epistemic
extensions
of reported evidential
179
5.4.4
Two reported evidentials in one language
185
5.5
Evidentials and their meanings: a summary
186
6
Evidentiality and mirativity
195
6.1
Mirative extensions in systems with two evidentiality choices
195
6.2
Mirative extensions in other evidentiality systems
200
6.3
Mirative extensions of evidentiality strategies
204
6.4
Evidentials as mirative strategies: a summary
207
Appendix. Mirativity: grammaticalized unprepared mind ?
209
7
Whose evidence is that? Evidentials and person
217
7.1
Evidentiality and nature of observer
217
7.2
Evidentiality and first person
219
7.2.1
Eirst person effects in evidentials
219
7.2.2
Restrictions on evidential use in first person contexts
231
7.3
Evidentials and Others
233
7.3.1
When
1
involves you
233
7.3.2
Second and third persons with evidentials
234
7.4
Evidentials as implicit person markers
235
7.5
Information source and the observer: a summary
237
8
Evidentials and other grammatical categories
241
8.1
Evidentials and clause types
242
8.1.1
Evidentials in questions
242
8.1.2
Evidentials in commands
250
8.1.3
Evidentials in dependent clauses and other
clause types
253
8.2
Evidentials and negation
256
8.3
Evidentials and non^indicative modalities
257
8.4
Evidentials, tense, and aspect
261
8.5
Evidentials and other categories
268
8.6
Evidentials and other grammatical categories: a summary
270
9
Evidentials: where do they come from?
271
9.1
Origins of evidentials
271
9.1.1
Grammaticalized verbs as source for evidentials
271
9.1.2
Deictic and locative markers as sources for evidentials
275
9.1.3
Evidentiality strategies as source for evidentials
276
9.1.4
Speech complements as source for evidentials
281
9.1.5
Copula constructions as source for evidentials
283
Contents
9.1.6
Other
sources
for
evidentials 284
9.1.7 Etymologically heterogenous evidentials 285
9.1.8
Sources for
evidentials:
a summary
287
9.2 Evidentials
and language contact
288
9.2.1
Evidentiality
asan
areal
feature
288
9.2.2
Gain and loss of evidentials in language contact
294
9.2.3
Evidentials in contact languages
296
9.3
Evidentials and language obsolescence
299
9.4
Where do evidentials come from: a summary
302
Map. Evidentials worldwide:
areal
distribution
303
10
How to choose the correct evidential: evidentiality
in discourse and in lexicon
305
10.1
Preferred evidentials
305
10.2
Evidentiality and discourse
310
10.2.1
Evidentials and narrative conventions
310
10.2.2
Manipulating evidentials in discourse
315
10.3
Evidentials and the lexicon
324
10.4
How to choose the correct evidential: a summary
331
11
What are evidentials good for?
Ľvidentiality,
cognition, and
cultural knowledge
333
11.1
Evidentials, communication, and cognition
334
11.2
Metalinguistic perception of evidentials
339
11.3
Evidential conventions and knowledge
343
11.4
Cultural and cognitive correlates of evidentials:
some speculations
355
11.5
Evidentials in culture and cognition: a summary
360
Appendix. How children acquire evidentials
362
12
What can we conclude? Summary and prospects
365
12.1
Cross-linguistic properties of evidentials: a summary
366
12.2
Evidentials: prospects and avenues for further investigation
382
Fieldworker s guide. How to gather materials on evidentiality systems
385
Glossary of terms
391
References
397
Index of languages
429
Index of authors
439
Subject index
445
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
χι
Acknowledgments
xiv
Abbreviations
xvi
Conventions
xxiv
List of Tables
xxv
List of Diagrams
xxvi
List of Schemes
xxvii
ι
Preliminaries and key concepts
ι
1.1 Evidentiality: an illustration
ι
1.2
What is, and what is not, an evidential
3
1.2.1
The nature of linguistic evidentials
3
1.2.2
Expressing information source by means other
than grammatical evidentials
ю
1.3
'Evidentials'as a linguistic term
11
1.4
Challenges
17
1.5
How this book is organized
19
2
Evidentials worldwide
23
2.1
Evidentiality systems with two choices
25
2.1.1
Evidentiality systems with two choices: an overview
26
2.1.2
Evidentiality systems with two choices: analytic difficulties
38
2.2
Evidentiality systems with three choices
42
2.3
Evidentiality systems with four choices
51
2.4
Evidentiality systems with five or more choices
60
2.5
Information sources throughout the world
:
a summary
63
3
How to mark information source
67
3.1
Grammatical means for evidential marking
67
3.2
Markedness in evidentiality systems
70
3.2.1
Functional markedness in evidentiality systems
71
3.2.2
Formal markedness in evidentiality systems
72
3.2.3
Evidentiality-neutral forms
75
3.2.4
Omission of evidentials
78
3.3
Scattered coding of evidentiality
80
3.4
Several evidentiality subsystems in one language
82
Contents
3.5 Double
marking
of
information source
87
3.6
How one evidential can occur more than once
95
3.7
Scope of evidentiality
96
3.8
Time reference of evidential
99
3.9
Expression of evidentials: a summary
103
4
Evidential extensions of non-evidential categories
105
4.1
Non-in dica
tive
moods, modalities, and future
106
4.2
Perfect, resultative, and past tenses
112
4.3
Passives
116
4.4
Nominalizations
117
4.5
Complementation
120
4.6
Person-marking
123
4.7
Perceptual meanings in demonstratives
130
4.8
Reported speech as evidentiality strategy
132
4.8.1
Marking reported speech
132
4.8.2
Reported speech and reported evidentials:
semantic affinities
135
4.8.3
Reported evidential and reported speech:
division of labour
137
4.8.4
Grammaticalization of reported speech
markers and incipient evidentials
140
4.9
Several evidentiality strategies in one language
142
4.10
Evidentiality strategies: what can we conclude?
144
4.11
Modal expressions and evidentiality strategies:
where to draw the line?
147
5
Evidentials and their meanings
153
5.1
Semantic complexity in systems with two
evidentiality choices
154
5.2
Semantic complexity in systems with three evidentiality choices
159
5.2.1
Visual, or direct, evidential in systems with three choices
159
5.2.2
Non-visual sensory evidential in systems with
three choices
162
5.2.3
Inferred evidential in systems with three choices
163
5.3
Semantic complexity within larger systems
166
5.3.1
Semantic complexity of sensory evidentials
167
5.3.2
Semantic complexity of inferred evidentials
174
5.4
Semantic complexity of reported evidentials
176
5.4.1
Reported versus quotative
177
5.4.2
Distinguishing secondhand and thirdhand information
178
Contents ix
5.4.3
Epistemic
extensions
of reported evidential
179
5.4.4
Two reported evidentials in one language
185
5.5
Evidentials and their meanings: a summary
186
6
Evidentiality and mirativity
195
6.1
Mirative extensions in systems with two evidentiality choices
195
6.2
Mirative extensions in other evidentiality systems
200
6.3
Mirative extensions of evidentiality strategies
204
6.4
Evidentials as mirative strategies: a summary
207
Appendix. Mirativity: grammaticalized 'unprepared mind'?
209
7
Whose evidence is that? Evidentials and person
217
7.1
Evidentiality and nature of observer
217
7.2
Evidentiality and first person
219
7.2.1
'Eirst person'effects in evidentials
219
7.2.2
Restrictions on evidential use in first person contexts
231
7.3
Evidentials and Others'
233
7.3.1
When
'1'
involves'you'
233
7.3.2
Second and third persons with evidentials
234
7.4
Evidentials as implicit person markers
235
7.5
Information source and the observer: a summary
237
8
Evidentials and other grammatical categories
241
8.1
Evidentials and clause types
242
8.1.1
Evidentials in questions
242
8.1.2
Evidentials in commands
250
8.1.3
Evidentials in dependent clauses and other
clause types
253
8.2
Evidentials and negation
256
8.3
Evidentials and non^indicative modalities
257
8.4
Evidentials, tense, and aspect
261
8.5
Evidentials and other categories
268
8.6
Evidentials and other grammatical categories: a summary
270
9
Evidentials: where do they come from?
271
9.1
Origins of evidentials
271
9.1.1
Grammaticalized verbs as source for evidentials
271
9.1.2
Deictic and locative markers as sources for evidentials
275
9.1.3
Evidentiality strategies as source for evidentials
276
9.1.4
Speech complements as source for evidentials
281
9.1.5
Copula constructions as source for evidentials
283
Contents
9.1.6
Other
sources
for
evidentials 284
9.1.7 Etymologically heterogenous evidentials 285
9.1.8
Sources for
evidentials:
a summary
287
9.2 Evidentials
and language contact
288
9.2.1
Evidentiality
asan
areal
feature
288
9.2.2
Gain and loss of evidentials in language contact
294
9.2.3
Evidentials in contact languages
296
9.3
Evidentials and language obsolescence
299
9.4
Where do evidentials come from: a summary
302
Map. Evidentials worldwide:
areal
distribution
303
10
How to choose the correct evidential: evidentiality
in discourse and in lexicon
305
10.1
Preferred evidentials
305
10.2
Evidentiality and discourse
310
10.2.1
Evidentials and narrative conventions
310
10.2.2
Manipulating evidentials in discourse
315
10.3
Evidentials and the lexicon
324
10.4
How to choose the correct evidential: a summary
331
11
What are evidentials good for?
Ľvidentiality,
cognition, and
cultural knowledge
333
11.1
Evidentials, communication, and cognition
334
11.2
Metalinguistic perception of evidentials
339
11.3
Evidential conventions and knowledge
343
11.4
Cultural and cognitive correlates of evidentials:
some speculations
355
11.5
Evidentials in culture and cognition: a summary
360
Appendix. How children acquire evidentials
362
12
What can we conclude? Summary and prospects
365
12.1
Cross-linguistic properties of evidentials: a summary
366
12.2
Evidentials: prospects and avenues for further investigation
382
Fieldworker's guide. How to gather materials on evidentiality systems
385
Glossary of terms
391
References
397
Index of languages
429
Index of authors
439
Subject index
445 |
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| spelling | Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 1957- Verfasser (DE-588)103328599 aut Evidentiality Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald 1. publ. in paperback Oxford [u.a.] Oxford Univ. Press 2006 XXIII, 452 S. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Oxford linguistics Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Evidentialität (DE-588)4384194-6 gnd rswk-swf Evidentialität (DE-588)4384194-6 s DE-604 Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015735518&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 1957- Evidentiality Evidentialität (DE-588)4384194-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4384194-6 |
| title | Evidentiality |
| title_auth | Evidentiality |
| title_exact_search | Evidentiality |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Evidentiality |
| title_full | Evidentiality Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald |
| title_fullStr | Evidentiality Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evidentiality Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald |
| title_short | Evidentiality |
| title_sort | evidentiality |
| topic | Evidentialität (DE-588)4384194-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Evidentialität |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015735518&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aikhenvaldalexandray evidentiality |