Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation:
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| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier, Acad. Press
2006
|
| Edition: | 1. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Klappentext |
| Item Description: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 251 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0123705886 9780123705884 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |c Franklin Bretschneider ; Jan R. de Weille |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |
| 250 | |a 1. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam [u.a.] |b Elsevier, Acad. Press |c 2006 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
XU
1
Electrical Quantities
Electric Charge, Current and Potential
Resistance
Capacitance
Magnetism
Self-Inductance
Direct and Alternating Current; Frequency
Reactance
Current and Voltage Sources
Components, Unwanted Properties
Unwanted Properties, Impedance
Cables
Circuits, Schematics, Kirchoff s Laws
Composition of Similar Components: Attenuators
Practical Voltage Sources and Current Sources
Voltage and Current Measurement
Composition of Unequal Components: Filters
Integration and Differentiation
LC Filters
2
Active Elements
Vacuum Tubes and Semiconductors
Semiconductor Devices
Diodes and Transistors
Other Semiconductor Types
Amplifiers, Gain, Decibels and Saturation
Gain
Bandwidth
Input and Output Impedances
Maximum Signal Strength, Distortion
Noise, Hum Interference and Grounding
Differential Amplifiers, Block Diagrams
viii Contents
Operational Amplifiers, Feedback
Electronic Filters
Electrophysiological Preamplifiers
Amplifier for Extracellular Recording
Amplifier for Intracellular Recording
Patch-Clamp Amplifier
Two-Electrode Voltage-Clamp Amplifier
Measurement of Membrane Capacitance in Voltage-Clamp
Recording of Secretory Events
Power Supplies and Signal Sources
Electronic Voltmeters
Electrometers
The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
LCD Screen Oscilloscopes
Important Properties of Oscilloscopes
Digital Electronics, Logic
A/D and DA Conversions
Computers
3
Introduction, Properties of Electrolytes
Electrolytes
The Metal/Electrolyte Interface
Capacitance of Polarized Electrodes
Faradaic Processes 111
Practical Electrodes
Electrochemical Cells, Measuring Electrodes
The Silver/Silver Chloride Electrode
Non-Faradaic Processes
Electrokinetic Processes
Liquid Junction Potentials
Membrane Potentials
Derivation of the Equilibrium Potential
The Reversal Potential
Ion Selectivity
Electrodes Sensitive to
Electrodes: Practical Aspects
The Glass
Patch Electrodes
The Semi-Permeable Patch
Ground Electrodes
Volume Conduction: Electric Fields in Electrolyte Solutions
Homogeneous Electric Field
Monopole
Dipole
Contents ix
4 Signal
Introduction
Analysis of Analogue Potentials
Systems Analysis
Convolution
The Laplace Transform
The Fourier Transform
Odd and Even Functions
Linearity
Analogue-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analogue Conversions
Signal Windowing
Digital Signal Processing
Signal Averaging
Autocorrelation
Crosscorrelation
The Discrete Fourier Transform
The Detection of Signals of Known Shape
Digital Filters
Fourier Filters and Non-Causal Filters
Non-Linear Systems Analysis
The Formal Method: Wiener Kernel Analysis
The Informal Method: Output Shape Analysis
The Importance of Non-Linearity
Analysis of Action Potential Signals
Population Spike and Gross Activity
Recording from the Skin Surface
The Electrocardiogram
The Electroencephalogram
Other Surface Recording Techniques
Single-Unit Activity
Uncertainty and Ambiguity in Spike Series
Interval Histogram
Poisson
The Gamma Distribution
The Mathematics of Random Point Processes
Markov Chains
Time Series Analysis: Spike Rate, Interval Series and Instantaneous Frequency
Spike Frequency or Rate
Interval Series and Instantaneous Frequency
Dot Display
Stimulus-Response Characteristics: The PSTH
Analysis of Nerve Membrane Data
Terminology: The
Analysis of Macroscopic (Whole-Cell) Currents
The Current to Voltage (I/V) Curve
Leak Subtraction by Extrapolation
χ
Leak Subtraction by Prepulses: The P/N Method
Noise Analysis: Estimating the Single-Channel Conductance from Whole-Cell or
Large Patch Recordings
Noise Analysis: Estimating Channel Kinetics
Analysis of Microscopic (Unitary) Currents
Estimation of the unitary current
Detection of opening and closing events
Estimation of the number of channels in the patch
Measurement of dwell times
Calculating Dwell Time Histograms from Markov Chains
The First Latency Distribution
The Closed Time Distribution
The Open Time Distribution
The Macroscopic Current
Example: Simulation of the
Sodium Channel
Appendices
A: Symbols, Abbreviations and Codes
Symbols
Abbreviations
Decimal Multipliers
Colour Code for Resistors
B: Symbols for Circuit Diagrams
C: Electrical Safety in Electrophysiological Set-Ups
Regular Instruments
Medical Instruments
D: The Use of CRT Monitors in Visual Experiments
Image Generation in CRT Monitors
Frame Rates and Interlacing
The Video Signal
The Use of CRT Monitors in Electrophysiology
Contrast, Gamma and Other Brightness Issues
Colour Coding
Geometry
Timing
Spatial and Brightness Resolution
E: Complex Numbers and Complex Frequency
The Meaning of Complex Frequency
F: The Mathematics of Markov Chains
G: Recursive (Non-Causal) Filters
H: Pseudocode to Calculate the Macroscopic Current and Dwell Time
Distributions from a Transition Matrix
I: Referred and Recommended Literature
Electricity and Electronics
Electrochemistry
Contents xi
Neurophysiology 244
Recording Methods
Signal
Mathematics
Index
INTRODUCTION
Electrophysiological
and Instrumentation
Franklin Bretschneider
Department
Jan R.
Institut des
Introduction to
to electrophysiologists in all fields, from the reliable penetration of cells, the behaviour and function
of the equipment, to the mathematical tools available for analysing data. It discusses the pros and
cons of techniques and methods used in electrophysiology and how to avoid their pitfalls.
Particularly in an era where high quality off-the-shelf solutions are readily available, it is important
for the electrophysiologist to understand how his or her equipment manages the acquisitions
and analysis of low voltage biological signals. Introduction to Electrophysiological Methods and
Instrumentation1 addresses this need. The book presents the basics of the passive and active electronic
components and circuitry used in apparatuses such as (voltage-clamp) amplifiers, addressing the
strong points of modern semiconductors as well as the limitations inherent to even the highest-tech
equipment. It concisely describes the theoretical background of the biological phenomena. The vast
terrain of signal analysis is dealt with in a way that is valuable to both the uninitiated and the expert.
For example, the utility of convolutions and (Fourier, Pascal) transformations in signal detection,
conditioning and analysis is presented both in an easy to grasp graphical form as well as in a more
rigorous mathematical way.
KEY FEATURES
•
•
and electrodes
•
recordings as well as procedures for signal recording and processing
•
of some of the mathematical tools used
•
■
constants
Cover illustration: Ampuliary
bv
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Preface
XU
1
Electrical Quantities
Electric Charge, Current and Potential
Resistance
Capacitance
Magnetism
Self-Inductance
Direct and Alternating Current; Frequency
Reactance
Current and Voltage Sources
Components, Unwanted Properties
Unwanted Properties, Impedance
Cables
Circuits, Schematics, Kirchoff's Laws
Composition of Similar Components: Attenuators
Practical Voltage Sources and Current Sources
Voltage and Current Measurement
Composition of Unequal Components: Filters
Integration and Differentiation
LC Filters
2
Active Elements
Vacuum Tubes and Semiconductors
Semiconductor Devices
Diodes and Transistors
Other Semiconductor Types
Amplifiers, Gain, Decibels and Saturation
Gain
Bandwidth
Input and Output Impedances
Maximum Signal Strength, Distortion
Noise, Hum Interference and Grounding
Differential Amplifiers, Block Diagrams
viii Contents
Operational Amplifiers, Feedback
Electronic Filters
Electrophysiological Preamplifiers
Amplifier for Extracellular Recording
Amplifier for Intracellular Recording
Patch-Clamp Amplifier
Two-Electrode Voltage-Clamp Amplifier
Measurement of Membrane Capacitance in Voltage-Clamp
Recording of Secretory Events
Power Supplies and Signal Sources
Electronic Voltmeters
Electrometers
The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
LCD Screen Oscilloscopes
Important Properties of Oscilloscopes
Digital Electronics, Logic
A/D and DA Conversions
Computers
3
Introduction, Properties of Electrolytes
Electrolytes
The Metal/Electrolyte Interface
Capacitance of Polarized Electrodes
Faradaic Processes 111
Practical Electrodes
Electrochemical Cells, Measuring Electrodes
The Silver/Silver Chloride Electrode
Non-Faradaic Processes
Electrokinetic Processes
Liquid Junction Potentials
Membrane Potentials
Derivation of the Equilibrium Potential
The Reversal Potential
Ion Selectivity
Electrodes Sensitive to
Electrodes: Practical Aspects
The Glass
Patch Electrodes
The Semi-Permeable Patch
Ground Electrodes
Volume Conduction: Electric Fields in Electrolyte Solutions
Homogeneous Electric Field
Monopole
Dipole
Contents ix
4 Signal
Introduction
Analysis of Analogue Potentials
Systems Analysis
Convolution
The Laplace Transform
The Fourier Transform
Odd and Even Functions
Linearity
Analogue-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analogue Conversions
Signal Windowing
Digital Signal Processing
Signal Averaging
Autocorrelation
Crosscorrelation
The Discrete Fourier Transform
The Detection of Signals of Known Shape
Digital Filters
Fourier Filters and Non-Causal Filters
Non-Linear Systems Analysis
The Formal Method: Wiener Kernel Analysis
The Informal Method: Output Shape Analysis
The Importance of Non-Linearity
Analysis of Action Potential Signals
Population Spike and Gross Activity
Recording from the Skin Surface
The Electrocardiogram
The Electroencephalogram
Other Surface Recording Techniques
Single-Unit Activity
Uncertainty and Ambiguity in Spike Series
Interval Histogram
Poisson
The Gamma Distribution
The Mathematics of Random Point Processes
Markov Chains
Time Series Analysis: Spike Rate, Interval Series and Instantaneous Frequency
Spike Frequency or Rate
Interval Series and Instantaneous Frequency
Dot Display
Stimulus-Response Characteristics: The PSTH
Analysis of Nerve Membrane Data
Terminology: The
Analysis of Macroscopic (Whole-Cell) Currents
The Current to Voltage (I/V) Curve
Leak Subtraction by Extrapolation
χ
Leak Subtraction by Prepulses: The P/N Method
Noise Analysis: Estimating the Single-Channel Conductance from Whole-Cell or
Large Patch Recordings
Noise Analysis: Estimating Channel Kinetics
Analysis of Microscopic (Unitary) Currents
Estimation of the unitary current
Detection of opening and closing events
Estimation of the number of channels in the patch
Measurement of dwell times
Calculating Dwell Time Histograms from Markov Chains
The First Latency Distribution
The Closed Time Distribution
The Open Time Distribution
The Macroscopic Current
Example: Simulation of the
Sodium Channel
Appendices
A: Symbols, Abbreviations and Codes
Symbols
Abbreviations
Decimal Multipliers
Colour Code for Resistors
B: Symbols for Circuit Diagrams
C: Electrical Safety in Electrophysiological Set-Ups
Regular Instruments
Medical Instruments
D: The Use of CRT Monitors in Visual Experiments
Image Generation in CRT Monitors
Frame Rates and Interlacing
The Video Signal
The Use of CRT Monitors in Electrophysiology
Contrast, Gamma and Other Brightness Issues
Colour Coding
Geometry
Timing
Spatial and Brightness Resolution
E: Complex Numbers and Complex Frequency
The Meaning of Complex Frequency
F: The Mathematics of Markov Chains
G: Recursive (Non-Causal) Filters
H: Pseudocode to Calculate the Macroscopic Current and Dwell Time
Distributions from a Transition Matrix
I: Referred and Recommended Literature
Electricity and Electronics
Electrochemistry
Contents xi
Neurophysiology 244
Recording Methods
Signal
Mathematics
Index
INTRODUCTION
Electrophysiological
and Instrumentation
Franklin Bretschneider
Department
Jan R.
Institut des
'Introduction to
to electrophysiologists in all fields, from the reliable penetration of cells, the behaviour and function
of the equipment, to the mathematical tools available for analysing data. It discusses the pros and
cons of techniques and methods used in electrophysiology and how to avoid their pitfalls.
Particularly in an era where high quality off-the-shelf solutions are readily available, it is important
for the electrophysiologist to understand how his or her equipment manages the acquisitions
and analysis of low voltage biological signals. 'Introduction to Electrophysiological Methods and
Instrumentation1 addresses this need. The book presents the basics of the passive and active electronic
components and circuitry used in apparatuses such as (voltage-clamp) amplifiers, addressing the
strong points of modern semiconductors as well as the limitations inherent to even the highest-tech
equipment. It concisely describes the theoretical background of the biological phenomena. The vast
terrain of signal analysis is dealt with in a way that is valuable to both the uninitiated and the expert.
For example, the utility of convolutions and (Fourier, Pascal) transformations in signal detection,
conditioning and analysis is presented both in an easy to grasp graphical form as well as in a more
rigorous mathematical way.
KEY FEATURES
•
•
and electrodes
•
recordings as well as procedures for signal recording and processing
•
of some of the mathematical tools used
•
■
constants
Cover illustration: "Ampuliary
bv |
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| id | DE-604.BV022511630 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:59:35Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:59:12Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0123705886 9780123705884 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015718517 |
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| physical | XIV, 251 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
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| publisher | Elsevier, Acad. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Bretschneider, Franklin Verfasser aut Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation Franklin Bretschneider ; Jan R. de Weille Electrophysiological methods and instrumentation 1. ed. Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier, Acad. Press 2006 XIV, 251 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke Electronics Electrophysiology Equipment and supplies Electrophysiology instrumentation Elektrophysiologie (DE-588)4138132-4 gnd rswk-swf Elektrophysiologie (DE-588)4138132-4 s DE-604 Weille, Jan R. de Verfasser aut Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015718517&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung UB Regensburg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015718517&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Klappentext |
| spellingShingle | Bretschneider, Franklin Weille, Jan R. de Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation Electronics Electrophysiology Equipment and supplies Electrophysiology instrumentation Elektrophysiologie (DE-588)4138132-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4138132-4 |
| title | Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |
| title_alt | Electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |
| title_auth | Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |
| title_exact_search | Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |
| title_full | Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation Franklin Bretschneider ; Jan R. de Weille |
| title_fullStr | Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation Franklin Bretschneider ; Jan R. de Weille |
| title_full_unstemmed | Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation Franklin Bretschneider ; Jan R. de Weille |
| title_short | Introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |
| title_sort | introduction to electrophysiological methods and instrumentation |
| topic | Electronics Electrophysiology Equipment and supplies Electrophysiology instrumentation Elektrophysiologie (DE-588)4138132-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Electronics Electrophysiology Equipment and supplies Electrophysiology instrumentation Elektrophysiologie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015718517&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015718517&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bretschneiderfranklin introductiontoelectrophysiologicalmethodsandinstrumentation AT weillejanrde introductiontoelectrophysiologicalmethodsandinstrumentation AT bretschneiderfranklin electrophysiologicalmethodsandinstrumentation AT weillejanrde electrophysiologicalmethodsandinstrumentation |