Loveč: citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v.
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Bulgarian |
| Published: |
Sofija
Voenno Izdat.
2006
|
| Edition: | 1. izd. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Lovech |
| Physical Description: | 190 S., [8] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9545093579 9789545093579 |
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| 264 | 1 | |a Sofija |b Voenno Izdat. |c 2006 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ЗА АВТОРА И ЗА СЪДБАТА
ПРЕДГОВОР
УВОД
АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИ КУЛТУРИ ОТ ЕПОХИТЕ ПРЕДИ ВЪЗНИКВАНЕТО
НА СРЕДНОВЕКОВНАТА КРЕПОСТ ЛОВЕЧ
Праисторически културен пласт
Тракийски културен пласт
Римовизантийски културен пласт (края на
СРЕДНОВЕКОВНАТА КРЕПОСТ ЛОВЕЧ
ГРАДОУСТРОЙСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРА
Градоустройство
Крепостни стени и съоръжения
Гражданска архитектура
Култова архитектура
МАТЕРИАЛНА КУЛТУРА
Керамика
Дребни находки
прешлени за вретено
находки от кост
находки, свързани със селскостопанската дейност и храненето
находки, свързани
находки, свързани
накити
предмети, свързани
предмети от въоръжението и снаряжението
находки
КУЛТУРЕН ПЛАСТ ОТ
Жилища
Находки
Некропол
Каталог на гробовете
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
LOVECH.
ЗА ЦИТАДЕЛАТА
НА СРЕДНОВЕКОВНИТЕ БЪЛГАРИ ЗА ЦЕЛИТЕ НА фОРТИфИКАЦИЯТА
LOVECH
THE CITADEL
The present study deals with the results from the excavations on
Lovech
laid on the 9th-14th
of the fortress for the defence of medieval Bulgaria. Besides, the written data for this period
and the findings from the excavations
-turned out to be numerous. Nevertheless, we consider the archaeological data insufficient
for a detailed reconstruction of the life and culture of the medieval town of
found concerns the citadel above all.
The excavations proved that the fortress was erected on the northern end of Troyan
Pass in the Balkan Mountains in 9th
Defence System. After the liberation from Byzantine rule, the fortress, which had been a
family domain of
During the 14th c, the citadel was the centre of Ivan-Alexander s family domain. This fact
explains to some extent the two collective findings of silver coins with the images of Ivan-
Alexander and his son Michael, unearthed during the excavations.
The archaeological findings lead to the conclusion that there had been a settlement
on
know why the prehistoric settlement had been abandoned for a long period
findings neither from the Bronze Age nor from the
Thracian settlement appeared on the hill. During the excavations, we found the remains
of a dwelling with stone-and-mud walls, hand-made and wheel-made pottery, a coin from
Odessos timed to the 2nd
of Rhodes. These findings lead us to the conclusion of the existence of trade relations of
the Thracian settlement on the hill with both Odessos on the Black Sea and the Isle of
Rhodes. It is highly possible that this settlement was in fact
of ancient maps and records, scholars have localized in the Lovech-area a long time ago.
By the end of the 2nd
findings, there had been no human activity on the hill for more than two hundred years. It
is possible that the settlement was abandoned after the organization of a Roman posting-
station in the flat part of the contemporary town of
It was archaeologically proven that the human activity on
end of the 2nd or at the beginning of 3rd
Perhaps at that time, probably because of the Slavonic conquest, the human presence on
the hill ceased for another two hundred years.
Lovech
Ages when the defensive system on the northern slopes of the Balkan Mountains was
organized. The strategic significance of the fortress for the Bulgarian defence was a result
both of its natural inaccessibility and of its location on a strategic crossroad, leading to
the very heart of Bulgaria. In this sense, its role during the rebellion of
against Byzantine oppression
9th-14th centuries period
fortification, a fact mentioned in the medieval Byzantine chronicles.
The fortress defensive system strictly matched the terrain characteristics. A double-
curtain fortification system was organized in the most vulnerable northern and north¬
eastern parts of the hill. The main city wall followed the rock edge of the terrace. The
subsidiary curtain wall on the hill s slopes, some
wall, was designed in a way to stand a massive frontal assault upon the main gate. The
185
fortification
military use with solid constructions on both sides of the tower. The narrow eastern part of
the fortress had the design of a small military fort with an U-shaped tower in the northeast,
and a curtain with another U-shaped tower in the west. This shows that a double-echeloned
defence had been organized on both the northern and the northeastern part of the hill
during the first construction period. An architectural ensemble consisting of a church and
a solid stone building westward of it had been built on the highest and most picturesque
part of the elevation.
Up to the end of the 12th
very limited number of inhabitants -the strategos and his lieutenants, high-ranked clergymen,
a garrison and servants. This fact was archaeologically proven by the architectural remains
and by the very small number of minor objects and fragments of pottery, closely related to
the pottery of ancient Bulgarian ceramics centres in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Significant changes in the fortress organization took place during the 13th—14th centuries
when it became the citadel of the medieval town of
became the skeleton around which the town started to develop. The plan of the fortress
changed significantly because of the construction activities therein
suitable for construction, was used very rationally. The fortifications
gates, were used for their original purpose. During the second construction period the small
military fort was transformed into a castle
to the east of its western wall. The defensive potential of the inner curtain was strengthened
with two square-shaped towers
the castle was fenced from the west by a double stone curtain circle with three towers. In
the southwestern corner of the inner ward, a single-nave church was built in order to meet
the spiritual needs of the inhabitants of the castle. Its walls were frescoed on the inside and
decorated with earthenware on the outside.
During the second construction period, the architectural ensemble on the highest part
of the hill had been developed into a closed complex with a single entrance from the west.
The dwelling was extended to the south and to the southeast, which resulted in an L-shaped
building. A new church was built on the remains of the early Byzantine basilica in the eastern
part of the yard. Its rich internal and external decoration followed the best Bulgarian church
building and decoration traditions of 13th-14th centuries. The complex was developed into a
bishop s residence and, later into the residence of the archbishop of
the 13th
it, had been built some
a noble or a high-ranking clergyman lived there.
Large-scale construction activities took place during 13th—14th centuries
of churches and dwellings were erected at that time. The new buildings and the existing
complexes of the first construction period became the frame for the street network in the
citadel -the direction and the width of the streets were designed to match the specifics of the
terrain and the purpose of the buildings, which made them spatially shaped. The dwellings
were built of stone-and-mud or of stone-and-mortar walls. They had one, two or three floors
and a different number of rooms. Some had vestibules, other
Eyeful sgraffito-type plates were often hanged on the walls.
The architecture of
churches of different types on the hill. Five of them were small, single-nave overarched
buildings, and one
seventh one was a two-storeyed cupola church with a square-shaped nave, a narthex and
to the south
beginning of the 14th
the castle. The decoration had the common element of all the different types of churches
186
in
the outside. This fact made them similar to other Bulgarian churches from the 12th—14th
centuries. With its church architecture,
neighbouring countries-the
through
the cultural life in medieval
development of literature existed in its monasteries and churches. The limited number of
minor objects found during the excavations of
crafts were not the typical occupation of its inhabitants
social status.
The political, economic, cultural and ethnic situation in the Balkan countries changed
dramatically for centuries after the invasion of the Ottoman Turks in the end of the 14th
conquered Bulgaria in
Citadel shared their tragic fate
were erected on the ruins of the fortress during the
mud walls with a single-faced weak construction. Minor objects found during the excavations
showed that in contrast to the 13th-14th centuries, the inhabitants of the dwellings on
Hill were poor, but they were still using pottery made in the best Bulgarian sgraffito traditions.
Of course, pottery production fell under the strong influence of the invaders culture
pottery types, shapes and decorations were implemented and an artisanship was developed.
Ottoman-type pottery was widespread in the area from the Balkans to Central Europe. Clay-
made pipes were used on a mass scale during these centuries.
According to foreign travellers, there was human activity on the hill during the 17thc,
though only the curtains of the glorious fortress stood on. In the 18th
glorious citadel of
the beginning of the 20th
From a military point of view,
strategic thought of the medieval Bulgarians. There is no doubt the site had been chosen
with a profound comprehension of its excellent defensive characteristics, resulting from its
location on the route to the very heart of Bulgaria both from the south and from the west. The
fortress had been erected at the end of Troyan Pass, on an ancient route crossing the Balkan
Mountains, thus closing it from the north. At the same time, its defensive influence in a range
of some
coming from the west. The fortress, standing far enough from the mountain border, made its
enemy s communications and logistic lines longer and more vulnerable, which gave better
opportunities to the defenders.
The natural inaccessibility of the site and its rich water resources had undoubtedly
been a significant reason for its choosing as a place for a stronghold to be built, taking
advantage of all natural characteristics of the place
inaccessible part of
double-echeloned fortification, built in a very close space, which facilitated the defenders to
hold the fortress. During the second construction period, the idea of limiting possible enemy s
activities inside the fortress materialised with the building up of an inner wall (with two towers
on both its sides) inside the small fort, some
The implementation of such fortification approach can clearly be seen also in the erection
of a two-storeyed church right beside the gatehouse on the widest street in the fortress.
Therefore, the space around the entrance gateway was reduced and the street leading to the
castle was transformed into a narrow passage. As a result, the assaulters found themselves
in a very unfavourable battle position
at the same time vulnerable to the defenders counterattacks from both the western and
the eastern buildings of military use, from the castle and from the top of the hill. Another
187
important
in the most vulnerable eastern part of the hill and respectively of the citadel as a whole. As
a whole,
building traditions and is closer to the West European ones.
The excavations on
that during the 9th—14th centuries
military stronghold with a very limited number of inhabitants into a citadel, strategic for
the defence of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom
the centre of an archbishop s diocese with many monasteries and churches,
played an important role for Bulgaria s medieval cultural development and influenced the
neighbouring countries.
188
|
| adam_txt |
СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
ЗА АВТОРА И ЗА СЪДБАТА
ПРЕДГОВОР
УВОД
АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИ КУЛТУРИ ОТ ЕПОХИТЕ ПРЕДИ ВЪЗНИКВАНЕТО
НА СРЕДНОВЕКОВНАТА КРЕПОСТ ЛОВЕЧ
Праисторически културен пласт
Тракийски културен пласт
Римовизантийски културен пласт (края на
СРЕДНОВЕКОВНАТА КРЕПОСТ ЛОВЕЧ
ГРАДОУСТРОЙСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРА
Градоустройство
Крепостни стени и съоръжения
Гражданска архитектура
Култова архитектура
МАТЕРИАЛНА КУЛТУРА
Керамика
Дребни находки
прешлени за вретено
находки от кост
находки, свързани със селскостопанската дейност и храненето
находки, свързани
находки, свързани
накити
предмети, свързани
предмети от въоръжението и снаряжението
находки
КУЛТУРЕН ПЛАСТ ОТ
Жилища
Находки
Некропол
Каталог на гробовете
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
LOVECH.
ЗА ЦИТАДЕЛАТА
НА СРЕДНОВЕКОВНИТЕ БЪЛГАРИ ЗА ЦЕЛИТЕ НА фОРТИфИКАЦИЯТА
LOVECH
THE CITADEL
The present study deals with the results from the excavations on
Lovech
laid on the 9th-14th
of the fortress for the defence of medieval Bulgaria. Besides, the written data for this period
and the findings from the excavations
-turned out to be numerous. Nevertheless, we consider the archaeological data insufficient
for a detailed reconstruction of the life and culture of the medieval town of
found concerns the citadel above all.
The excavations proved that the fortress was erected on the northern end of Troyan
Pass in the Balkan Mountains in 9th
Defence System. After the liberation from Byzantine rule, the fortress, which had been a
family domain of
During the 14th c, the citadel was the centre of Ivan-Alexander's family domain. This fact
explains to some extent the two collective findings of silver coins with the images of Ivan-
Alexander and his son Michael, unearthed during the excavations.
The archaeological findings lead to the conclusion that there had been a settlement
on
know why the prehistoric settlement had been abandoned for a long period
findings neither from the Bronze Age nor from the
Thracian settlement appeared on the hill. During the excavations, we found the remains
of a dwelling with stone-and-mud walls, hand-made and wheel-made pottery, a coin from
Odessos timed to the 2nd
of Rhodes. These findings lead us to the conclusion of the existence of trade relations of
the Thracian settlement on the hill with both Odessos on the Black Sea and the Isle of
Rhodes. It is highly possible that this settlement was in fact
of ancient maps and records, scholars have localized in the Lovech-area a long time ago.
By the end of the 2nd
findings, there had been no human activity on the hill for more than two hundred years. It
is possible that the settlement was abandoned after the organization of a Roman posting-
station in the flat part of the contemporary town of
It was archaeologically proven that the human activity on
end of the 2nd or at the beginning of 3rd
Perhaps at that time, probably because of the Slavonic conquest, the human presence on
the hill ceased for another two hundred years.
Lovech
Ages when the defensive system on the northern slopes of the Balkan Mountains was
organized. The strategic significance of the fortress for the Bulgarian defence was a result
both of its natural inaccessibility and of its location on a strategic crossroad, leading to
the very heart of Bulgaria. In this sense, its role during the rebellion of
against Byzantine oppression
9th-14th centuries period
fortification, a fact mentioned in the medieval Byzantine chronicles.
The fortress' defensive system strictly matched the terrain characteristics. A double-
curtain fortification system was organized in the most vulnerable northern and north¬
eastern parts of the hill. The main city wall followed the rock edge of the terrace. The
subsidiary curtain wall on the hill's slopes, some
wall, was designed in a way to stand a massive frontal assault upon the main gate. The
185
fortification
military use with solid constructions on both sides of the tower. The narrow eastern part of
the fortress had the design of a small military fort with an U-shaped tower in the northeast,
and a curtain with another U-shaped tower in the west. This shows that a double-echeloned
defence had been organized on both the northern and the northeastern part of the hill
during the first construction period. An architectural ensemble consisting of a church and
a solid stone building westward of it had been built on the highest and most picturesque
part of the elevation.
Up to the end of the 12th
very limited number of inhabitants -the strategos and his lieutenants, high-ranked clergymen,
a garrison and servants. This fact was archaeologically proven by the architectural remains
and by the very small number of minor objects and fragments of pottery, closely related to
the pottery of ancient Bulgarian ceramics' centres in Northeastern Bulgaria.
Significant changes in the fortress' organization took place during the 13th—14th centuries
when it became the citadel of the medieval town of
became the skeleton around which the town started to develop. The plan of the fortress
changed significantly because of the construction activities therein
suitable for construction, was used very rationally. The fortifications
gates, were used for their original purpose. During the second construction period the small
military fort was transformed into a castle
to the east of its western wall. The defensive potential of the inner curtain was strengthened
with two square-shaped towers
the castle was fenced from the west by a double stone curtain circle with three towers. In
the southwestern corner of the inner ward, a single-nave church was built in order to meet
the spiritual needs of the inhabitants of the castle. Its walls were frescoed on the inside and
decorated with earthenware on the outside.
During the second construction period, the architectural ensemble on the highest part
of the hill had been developed into a closed complex with a single entrance from the west.
The dwelling was extended to the south and to the southeast, which resulted in an L-shaped
building. A new church was built on the remains of the early Byzantine basilica in the eastern
part of the yard. Its rich internal and external decoration followed the best Bulgarian church
building and decoration traditions of 13th-14th centuries. The complex was developed into a
bishop's residence and, later into the residence of the archbishop of
the 13th
it, had been built some
a noble or a high-ranking clergyman lived there.
Large-scale construction activities took place during 13th—14th centuries
of churches and dwellings were erected at that time. The new buildings and the existing
complexes of the first construction period became the frame for the street network in the
citadel -the direction and the width of the streets were designed to match the specifics of the
terrain and the purpose of the buildings, which made them spatially shaped. The dwellings
were built of stone-and-mud or of stone-and-mortar walls. They had one, two or three floors
and a different number of rooms. Some had vestibules, other
Eyeful sgraffito-type plates were often hanged on the walls.
The architecture of
churches of different types on the hill. Five of them were small, single-nave overarched
buildings, and one
seventh one was a two-storeyed cupola church with a square-shaped nave, a narthex and
to the south
beginning of the 14th
the castle. The decoration had the common element of all the different types of churches
186
in
the outside. This fact made them similar to other Bulgarian churches from the 12th—14th
centuries. With its church architecture,
neighbouring countries-the
through
the cultural life in medieval
development of literature existed in its monasteries and churches. The limited number of
minor objects found during the excavations of
crafts were not the typical occupation of its inhabitants
social status.
The political, economic, cultural and ethnic situation in the Balkan countries changed
dramatically for centuries after the invasion of the Ottoman Turks in the end of the 14th
conquered Bulgaria in
Citadel shared their tragic fate
were erected on the ruins of the fortress during the
mud walls with a single-faced weak construction. Minor objects found during the excavations
showed that in contrast to the 13th-14th centuries, the inhabitants of the dwellings on
Hill were poor, but they were still using pottery made in the best Bulgarian sgraffito traditions.
Of course, pottery production fell under the strong influence of the invaders' culture
pottery types, shapes and decorations were implemented and an artisanship was developed.
Ottoman-type pottery was widespread in the area from the Balkans to Central Europe. Clay-
made pipes were used on a mass scale during these centuries.
According to foreign travellers, there was human activity on the hill during the 17thc,
though only the curtains of the glorious fortress stood on. In the 18th
glorious citadel of
the beginning of the 20th
From a military point of view,
strategic thought of the medieval Bulgarians. There is no doubt the site had been chosen
with a profound comprehension of its excellent defensive characteristics, resulting from its
location on the route to the very heart of Bulgaria both from the south and from the west. The
fortress had been erected at the end of Troyan Pass, on an ancient route crossing the Balkan
Mountains, thus closing it from the north. At the same time, its defensive influence in a range
of some
coming from the west. The fortress, standing far enough from the mountain border, made its
enemy's communications and logistic lines longer and more vulnerable, which gave better
opportunities to the defenders.
The natural inaccessibility of the site and its rich water resources had undoubtedly
been a significant reason for its choosing as a place for a stronghold to be built, taking
advantage of all natural characteristics of the place
inaccessible part of
double-echeloned fortification, built in a very close space, which facilitated the defenders to
hold the fortress. During the second construction period, the idea of limiting possible enemy's
activities inside the fortress materialised with the building up of an inner wall (with two towers
on both its sides) inside the small fort, some
The implementation of such fortification approach can clearly be seen also in the erection
of a two-storeyed church right beside the gatehouse on the widest street in the fortress.
Therefore, the space around the entrance gateway was reduced and the street leading to the
castle was transformed into a narrow passage. As a result, the assaulters found themselves
in a very unfavourable battle position
at the same time vulnerable to the defenders' counterattacks from both the western and
the eastern buildings of military use, from the castle and from the top of the hill. Another
187
important
in the most vulnerable eastern part of the hill and respectively of the citadel as a whole. As
a whole,
building traditions and is closer to the West European ones.
The excavations on
that during the 9th—14th centuries
military stronghold with a very limited number of inhabitants into a citadel, strategic for
the defence of the Second Bulgarian Kingdom
the centre of an archbishop's diocese with many monasteries and churches,
played an important role for Bulgaria's medieval cultural development and influenced the
neighbouring countries.
188 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Čangova, Jordanka I. 1920- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)133103439 |
| author_facet | Čangova, Jordanka I. 1920- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Čangova, Jordanka I. 1920- |
| author_variant | j i č ji jič |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022470148 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)237132004 (DE-599)BVBBV022470148 |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| era | Geschichte 1100-1400 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1100-1400 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Lovech (Bulgaria) Antiquities Lowetsch (DE-588)4200094-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Lovech (Bulgaria) Antiquities Lowetsch |
| id | DE-604.BV022470148 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:44:15Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:58:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9545093579 9789545093579 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015677647 |
| oclc_num | 237132004 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 190 S., [8] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Voenno Izdat. |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Čangova, Jordanka I. 1920- Verfasser (DE-588)133103439 aut Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. Jordanka Čangova 1. izd. Sofija Voenno Izdat. 2006 190 S., [8] Bl. zahlr. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Lovech Geschichte 1100-1400 gnd rswk-swf Funde Geschichte Cities and towns, Medieval Bulgaria Fortification Bulgaria Lovech History Zitadelle (DE-588)4139778-2 gnd rswk-swf Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd rswk-swf Lovech (Bulgaria) Antiquities Lowetsch (DE-588)4200094-4 gnd rswk-swf Lowetsch (DE-588)4200094-4 g Zitadelle (DE-588)4139778-2 s Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 s Geschichte 1100-1400 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015677647&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015677647&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Čangova, Jordanka I. 1920- Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. Funde Geschichte Cities and towns, Medieval Bulgaria Fortification Bulgaria Lovech History Zitadelle (DE-588)4139778-2 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4139778-2 (DE-588)4071507-3 (DE-588)4200094-4 |
| title | Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. |
| title_auth | Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. |
| title_exact_search | Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. |
| title_full | Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. Jordanka Čangova |
| title_fullStr | Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. Jordanka Čangova |
| title_full_unstemmed | Loveč citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. Jordanka Čangova |
| title_short | Loveč |
| title_sort | lovec citadelata na srednovekovnija grad xii xiv v |
| title_sub | citadelata na srednovekovnija grad ; XII - XIV v. |
| topic | Funde Geschichte Cities and towns, Medieval Bulgaria Fortification Bulgaria Lovech History Zitadelle (DE-588)4139778-2 gnd Funde (DE-588)4071507-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Funde Geschichte Cities and towns, Medieval Bulgaria Fortification Bulgaria Lovech History Zitadelle Lovech (Bulgaria) Antiquities Lowetsch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015677647&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015677647&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT cangovajordankai loveccitadelatanasrednovekovnijagradxiixivv |