The foundations of small business enterprise: an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London [u.a.]
Routledge
2007
|
| Edition: | 1. publ. |
| Series: | Routledge studies in small business
10 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | XXII, 404 S. Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0415338778 9780203448434 9780415338776 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The foundations of small business enterprise |b an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth |c Gavin C. Reid |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a London [u.a.] |b Routledge |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XXII, 404 S. |b Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 490 | 1 | |a Routledge studies in small business |v 10 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a New business enterprises |x Management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Entrepreneurship | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Small business |x Management | |
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Record in the Search Index
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Figures xiii
Tables xiv
Preface xvi
Acknowledgements xx
Abbreviations xxi
PART 1
Background 1
1 Small firm inception and growth 3
/./ Introduction 3
1.2 Sampling 4
1.3 Summary evidence from first year 5
1.4 Summary evidence from second year 8
1.5 Summary evidence from third year 11
1.6 Summary evidence from fourth vear 14
1.7 The structure of this book 16
1.8 Conclusion 18
Endnotes 18
2 Fieldwork and database 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Fieldwork activity 20
2.3 The sample and population 21
2.4 The typical micro firm 23
2.5 Key statistics from the database 26
2.6 Conclusion 27
Endnotes 27
viii Contents
3 Main quantitative features of the database 28
3.1 Introduction 28
3.2 Markets 28
3.3 Finance 30
3.4 Costs 31
3.5 Strategy 32
3.6 Hitman capital 34
3.7 Organisation 35
3.8 Technical change 36
3.9 Conclusion 38
Appendix 38
Endnotes 40
PART 2
Existing evidence 41
4 Growth and profitability of micro firms 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 The neglect of the micro firm 44
4.3 Variants ofGibrat s Law 45
4.4 Classical vs. managerial theories 47
4.5 Conclusion 51
Endnotes 52
5 Funding shortages 54
5.1 Introduction 54
5.2 The funding constraint 55
5.3 The data and the questionnaire 57
5.4 Probit analysis 58
5.5 Conclusion 66
Endnotes 6 7
PART 3
Finance 69
6 Modelling financial structure 71
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Analytical underpinning: statics 71
6.3 Analytical underpinning: dynamics 73
6.4 The dynamic model 74
6.5 Some illustrative examples from the literature 78
Contents ix
6.6 Conclusion 82
Endnotes 82
7 Capital structure at inception and the short run performance
of micro firms 84
7. / Introduction 84
7.2 Continuing or ceasing to trade 85
7.3 Econometric estimates 92
7.4 Conclusion 96
Appendix 96
Endnotes 97
8 Trajectories of financial structure 99
8.1 Introduction 99
8.2 The dynamic approach 100
8.3 Evidence 102
8.4 Results 105
8.5 Conclusion 112
Endnotes 113
PART 4
Performance 115
9 Performance rankings and cluster analysis 117
(with Julia A. Smith)
9.1 Introduction 117
9.2 The data 117
9.3 Performance ranking 119
9.4 Cluster analysis 120
9.5 Conclusion 128
Endnotes 128
10 Performance and business strategy 130
(with Julia A. Smith)
10.1 Introduction 130
10.2 The data 131
10.3 Explaining performance rank by business strategy 133
10.4 The estimates 138
10.5 Conclusion 140
Appendix 140
Endnotes 142
x Contents
11 Actions and outcomes 143
//./ Introduction 143
11.2 Background 144
11.3 Determinants of survival 147
11.4 A parsimonious model of survival 152
11.5 Conclusion 156
Appendix 158
Endnotes 159
PART 5
Information and contingency 161
12 Information and performance 163
12.1 Introduction 163
12.2 Information needs 163
12.3 Guiding decisions 165
12.4 Using information systems 167
12.5 Performance and IS development 168
12.6 Statistical analyses of IS and performance 171
12.7 Conclusion 172
Endnotes 173
13 Contingency and information system development 174
(with Julia A. Smith)
13.1 Introduction 174
13.2 Contingency theory 175
13.3 Methodology 177
13.4 Timing of contingencies and IS development 178
13.5 Conclusion 184
Endnote 184
14 Small firm type, organisational form and contingency 185
(with Julia A. Smith)
14.1 Introduction 185
14.2 Cluster analysis of small firm types 186
14.3 Regression analysis of organisational form and contingency 189
14.4 Conclusion 195
Appendix 196
Endnotes 197
Contents xi
PART 6
Flexibility 199
15 Flexibility, growth and survival 201
(with Bernadette Power)
15.1 Introduction 201
15.2 Growth and viability 201
15.3 Flexibility and performance 202
15.4 Measuring performance 204
15.5 Performance, flexibility and firm specific turbulence 205
15.6 Conclusion 205
Endnotes 206
16 Scale flexibility 207
16.1 Introduction 207
16.2 Variants of Gibrat s Law 207
16.3 Regression estimates 209
16.4 Passage to equilibrium 211
16.5 Conclusion 214
Endnotes 215
17 Market niche flexibility 216
17.1 Introduction 216
17.2 The Markovian model 217
17.3 The transition matrix 218
17.4 Passage to long period equilibrium 219
17.5 Conclusion 221
Appendix: Principal theorems of Markov chains 222
Endnotes 223
18 Flexibility, firm specific turbulence and the performance of the
long lived small firm 224
(with Bernadette Power)
18.1 Introduction 224
18.2 Data 224
18.3 Variables 226
18.4 Estimates 233
18.5 Selection equation 235
18.6 Performance equations 236
18.7 Conclusion 240
Appendix 241
Endnotes 242
xii Contents
Epilogue 244
Appendix on instrumentation 247
Pre Ietters 249
References 255
Administered questionnaire 1 271
Administered questionnaire 4 341
Index 399
Figures
2.1 Field work areas of Scotland for the study 22
3.1 Total cost (TC) curve for typical micro firm 32
4.1 Adjustment to equilibrium size 46
4.2 Equilibrium of the managerial firm 49
4.3 Paths to equilibrium profit and growth rates 51
6.1 Trajectories if debt is cheap 77
6.2 Trajectories if equity is cheap 78
8.1 Scatter diagram of gearing over time 106
8.2 Trajectories of actual and expected gearing 106
8.3 Trajectories of debt and interest rates 107
8.4 Trajectories of equity and interest rates 107
8.5 Trajectories of sales and profits 109
8.6 Trajectories of inventories 110
8.7 Trajectories of trade credit 111
8.8 Trajectories of assets 111
9.1 Three dimensional scatter plot of performance clusters 122
9.2 Hierarchical cluster analysis: dendrogram 124
12.1 Mutual causality in the performance information relationship 168
12.2 The performance and control equations 170
16.1 Regression of sales on lagged sales (1994 95) 210
16.2 Regression of sales on lagged sales (1994 97) 213
18.1 Explanation of causation 227
18.2 Response format for calibrating change 228
18.3 Response format for performance indicator 230
Tables
2.1 Size distributions of sample and population 23
2.2 Summary statistics for key variables 24
3.1 Market data 29
3.2 Financial data 30
3.3 Cost data 31
3.4 Strategy data 33
3.5 Human capital data 35
3.6 Organisational data 36
3.7 Technical change data 37
5.1 Variables used in probit analysis 59
5.2 Binary probit for full set of control variables with single
sectoral dummy variable 60
5.3 Binary probit with subset of control variables and full set of
sectoral dummy variables 63
5.4 Parsimonious binary probit 64
5.5 Parsimonious probit with Highlands dummy variable 65
5.6 Bivariate probit model: Full information maximum
likelihood estimates 66
7.1 General characteristics 86
7.2 Financial variables and ratios 88
7.3 Qualitative financial variables 90
7.4 Binary probit with large set of control variables 93
7.5 Parsimonious binary probit 95
9.1 Mean values for performance variables used in cluster
analysis, cross classified by performance rank 125
9.2 Mean values for additional descriptive variables, cross
classified by performance rank 126
10.1 Mean, standard deviation (SD) and range of each variable 132
10.2 Ordered logit model with selection (n = 150) 135
10.3 Parsimonious ordered logit model with selection (n = 150) 136
11.1 Summary statistics for key variables 146
11.2 Probit for full set of control variables 149
11.3 Parsimonious probit for subset of control variables 153
Tables xv
11.4 Parsimonious probit with sectoral dummies 155
13.1 Correlation of information system development with
cash flow crisis 181
13.2 Correlation of information system development with
shortfall of finance for strategic purposes 182
13.3 Correlation of information system development with
implementation of best innovation 183
14.1 Statistical evidence on firm types using cluster analysis 187
14.2 Categories of firm types identified by cluster analysis 188
14.3 Regression of contingencies on head count 190
14.4 Regression of determinants of MAS complexity 194
16.1 Regression of log real sales 1995 on log sales 1994 209
16.2 Regression of log real sales 1997 on log sales 1994 212
17.1 Second, third, fourth and fifth powers of estimated
transition probability matrix P 220
17.2 Distribution evolution of w,, year by year 221
18.1 Mean, standard deviation (SD) and range of each variable 226
18.2 Flexibility, firm size and performance 232
18.3 Generalised least squares (n = 63) 234
18.4 Heckman sample selection model (n — 186) 235
18.5 Heckman sample selection model (n = 89) 236
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Figures xiii
Tables xiv
Preface xvi
Acknowledgements xx
Abbreviations xxi
PART 1
Background 1
1 Small firm inception and growth 3
/./ Introduction 3
1.2 Sampling 4
1.3 Summary evidence from first year 5
1.4 Summary evidence from second year 8
1.5 Summary evidence from third year 11
1.6 Summary evidence from fourth vear 14
1.7 The structure of this book 16
1.8 Conclusion 18
Endnotes 18
2 Fieldwork and database 20
2.1 Introduction 20
2.2 Fieldwork activity 20
2.3 The sample and population 21
2.4 The typical micro firm 23
2.5 Key statistics from the database 26
2.6 Conclusion 27
Endnotes 27
viii Contents
3 Main quantitative features of the database 28
3.1 Introduction 28
3.2 Markets 28
3.3 Finance 30
3.4 Costs 31
3.5 Strategy 32
3.6 Hitman capital 34
3.7 Organisation 35
3.8 Technical change 36
3.9 Conclusion 38
Appendix 38
Endnotes 40
PART 2
Existing evidence 41
4 Growth and profitability of micro firms 43
4.1 Introduction 43
4.2 The neglect of the micro firm 44
4.3 Variants ofGibrat 's Law 45
4.4 Classical vs. managerial theories 47
4.5 Conclusion 51
Endnotes 52
5 Funding shortages 54
5.1 Introduction 54
5.2 The funding constraint 55
5.3 The data and the questionnaire 57
5.4 Probit analysis 58
5.5 Conclusion 66
Endnotes 6 7
PART 3
Finance 69
6 Modelling financial structure 71
6.1 Introduction 71
6.2 Analytical underpinning: statics 71
6.3 Analytical underpinning: dynamics 73
6.4 The dynamic model 74
6.5 Some illustrative examples from the literature 78
Contents ix
6.6 Conclusion 82
Endnotes 82
7 Capital structure at inception and the short run performance
of micro firms 84
7. / Introduction 84
7.2 Continuing or ceasing to trade 85
7.3 Econometric estimates 92
7.4 Conclusion 96
Appendix 96
Endnotes 97
8 Trajectories of financial structure 99
8.1 Introduction 99
8.2 The dynamic approach 100
8.3 Evidence 102
8.4 Results 105
8.5 Conclusion 112
Endnotes 113
PART 4
Performance 115
9 Performance rankings and cluster analysis 117
(with Julia A. Smith)
9.1 Introduction 117
9.2 The data 117
9.3 Performance ranking 119
9.4 Cluster analysis 120
9.5 Conclusion 128
Endnotes 128
10 Performance and business strategy 130
(with Julia A. Smith)
10.1 Introduction 130
10.2 The data 131
10.3 Explaining performance rank by business strategy 133
10.4 The estimates 138
10.5 Conclusion 140
Appendix 140
Endnotes 142
x Contents
11 Actions and outcomes 143
//./ Introduction 143
11.2 Background 144
11.3 Determinants of survival 147
11.4 A parsimonious model of survival 152
11.5 Conclusion 156
Appendix 158
Endnotes 159
PART 5
Information and contingency 161
12 Information and performance 163
12.1 Introduction 163
12.2 Information needs 163
12.3 Guiding decisions 165
12.4 Using information systems 167
12.5 Performance and IS development 168
12.6 Statistical analyses of IS and performance 171
12.7 Conclusion 172
Endnotes 173
13 Contingency and information system development 174
(with Julia A. Smith)
13.1 Introduction 174
13.2 Contingency theory 175
13.3 Methodology 177
13.4 Timing of contingencies and IS development 178
13.5 Conclusion 184
Endnote 184
14 Small firm type, organisational form and contingency 185
(with Julia A. Smith)
14.1 Introduction 185
14.2 Cluster analysis of small firm types 186
14.3 Regression analysis of organisational form and contingency 189
14.4 Conclusion 195
Appendix 196
Endnotes 197
Contents xi
PART 6
Flexibility 199
15 Flexibility, growth and survival 201
(with Bernadette Power)
15.1 Introduction 201
15.2 Growth and viability 201
15.3 Flexibility and performance 202
15.4 Measuring performance 204
15.5 Performance, flexibility and firm specific turbulence 205
15.6 Conclusion 205
Endnotes 206
16 Scale flexibility 207
16.1 Introduction 207
16.2 Variants of Gibrat's Law 207
16.3 Regression estimates 209
16.4 Passage to equilibrium 211
16.5 Conclusion 214
Endnotes 215
17 Market niche flexibility 216
17.1 Introduction 216
17.2 The Markovian model 217
17.3 The transition matrix 218
17.4 Passage to long period equilibrium 219
17.5 Conclusion 221
Appendix: Principal theorems of Markov chains 222
Endnotes 223
18 Flexibility, firm specific turbulence and the performance of the
long lived small firm 224
(with Bernadette Power)
18.1 Introduction 224
18.2 Data 224
18.3 Variables 226
18.4 Estimates 233
18.5 Selection equation 235
18.6 Performance equations 236
18.7 Conclusion 240
Appendix 241
Endnotes 242
xii Contents
Epilogue 244
Appendix on instrumentation 247
Pre Ietters 249
References 255
Administered questionnaire 1 271
Administered questionnaire 4 341
Index 399
Figures
2.1 Field work areas of Scotland for the study 22
3.1 Total cost (TC) curve for typical micro firm 32
4.1 Adjustment to equilibrium size 46
4.2 Equilibrium of the managerial firm 49
4.3 Paths to equilibrium profit and growth rates 51
6.1 Trajectories if debt is cheap 77
6.2 Trajectories if equity is cheap 78
8.1 Scatter diagram of gearing over time 106
8.2 Trajectories of actual and expected gearing 106
8.3 Trajectories of debt and interest rates 107
8.4 Trajectories of equity and interest rates 107
8.5 Trajectories of sales and profits 109
8.6 Trajectories of inventories 110
8.7 Trajectories of trade credit 111
8.8 Trajectories of assets 111
9.1 Three dimensional scatter plot of performance clusters 122
9.2 Hierarchical cluster analysis: dendrogram 124
12.1 Mutual causality in the performance information relationship 168
12.2 The performance and control equations 170
16.1 Regression of sales on lagged sales (1994 95) 210
16.2 Regression of sales on lagged sales (1994 97) 213
18.1 Explanation of causation 227
18.2 Response format for calibrating change 228
18.3 Response format for performance indicator 230
Tables
2.1 Size distributions of sample and population 23
2.2 Summary statistics for key variables 24
3.1 Market data 29
3.2 Financial data 30
3.3 Cost data 31
3.4 Strategy data 33
3.5 Human capital data 35
3.6 Organisational data 36
3.7 Technical change data 37
5.1 Variables used in probit analysis 59
5.2 Binary probit for full set of control variables with single
sectoral dummy variable 60
5.3 Binary probit with subset of control variables and full set of
sectoral dummy variables 63
5.4 Parsimonious binary probit 64
5.5 Parsimonious probit with Highlands dummy variable 65
5.6 Bivariate probit model: Full information maximum
likelihood estimates 66
7.1 General characteristics 86
7.2 Financial variables and ratios 88
7.3 Qualitative financial variables 90
7.4 Binary probit with large set of control variables 93
7.5 Parsimonious binary probit 95
9.1 Mean values for performance variables used in cluster
analysis, cross classified by performance rank 125
9.2 Mean values for additional descriptive variables, cross
classified by performance rank 126
10.1 Mean, standard deviation (SD) and range of each variable 132
10.2 Ordered logit model with selection (n = 150) 135
10.3 Parsimonious ordered logit model with selection (n = 150) 136
11.1 Summary statistics for key variables 146
11.2 Probit for full set of control variables 149
11.3 Parsimonious probit for subset of control variables 153
Tables xv
11.4 Parsimonious probit with sectoral dummies 155
13.1 Correlation of information system development with
cash flow crisis 181
13.2 Correlation of information system development with
shortfall of finance for strategic purposes 182
13.3 Correlation of information system development with
implementation of best innovation 183
14.1 Statistical evidence on firm types using cluster analysis 187
14.2 Categories of firm types identified by cluster analysis 188
14.3 Regression of contingencies on head count 190
14.4 Regression of determinants of MAS complexity 194
16.1 Regression of log real sales 1995 on log sales 1994 209
16.2 Regression of log real sales 1997 on log sales 1994 212
17.1 Second, third, fourth and fifth powers of estimated
transition probability matrix P 220
17.2 Distribution evolution of w,, year by year 221
18.1 Mean, standard deviation (SD) and range of each variable 226
18.2 Flexibility, firm size and performance 232
18.3 Generalised least squares (n = 63) 234
18.4 Heckman sample selection model (n — 186) 235
18.5 Heckman sample selection model (n = 89) 236 |
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| edition | 1. publ. |
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| id | DE-604.BV022469813 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:44:07Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:58:17Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0415338778 9780203448434 9780415338776 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006017343 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015677322 |
| oclc_num | 69734463 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-12 |
| physical | XXII, 404 S. Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Routledge |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Routledge studies in small business |
| series2 | Routledge studies in small business |
| spelling | Reid, Gavin C. Verfasser aut The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth Gavin C. Reid 1. publ. London [u.a.] Routledge 2007 XXII, 404 S. Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Routledge studies in small business 10 Includes bibliographical references and index New business enterprises Management Entrepreneurship Small business Management Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd rswk-swf Unternehmensgründung (DE-588)4078599-3 gnd rswk-swf Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 s Unternehmensgründung (DE-588)4078599-3 s DE-604 Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 0-203-44843-X Routledge studies in small business 10 (DE-604)BV011067738 10 http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0614/2006017343.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015677322&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Reid, Gavin C. The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth Routledge studies in small business New business enterprises Management Entrepreneurship Small business Management Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Unternehmensgründung (DE-588)4078599-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4031031-0 (DE-588)4078599-3 |
| title | The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth |
| title_auth | The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth |
| title_exact_search | The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth |
| title_full | The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth Gavin C. Reid |
| title_fullStr | The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth Gavin C. Reid |
| title_full_unstemmed | The foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth Gavin C. Reid |
| title_short | The foundations of small business enterprise |
| title_sort | the foundations of small business enterprise an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth |
| title_sub | an entrepreneurial analysis of small firm inception and growth |
| topic | New business enterprises Management Entrepreneurship Small business Management Klein- und Mittelbetrieb (DE-588)4031031-0 gnd Unternehmensgründung (DE-588)4078599-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | New business enterprises Management Entrepreneurship Small business Management Klein- und Mittelbetrieb Unternehmensgründung |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0614/2006017343.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015677322&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV011067738 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT reidgavinc thefoundationsofsmallbusinessenterpriseanentrepreneurialanalysisofsmallfirminceptionandgrowth |