The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis:
Saved in:
| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Amsterdam [u.a.]
Elsevier AP
2007
|
| Series: | International review of neurobiology
79 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Einzelaufnahme eines Zeitschr.-Bd. |
| Physical Description: | 732 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780123737366 0123737362 |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | CONTENTS
Contributors xv
Preface xxi
The Destructive Alliance: Interactions of Leukocytes, Cerebral Endothelial
Cells, and the Immune Cascade in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Alireza Minagar, April Carpenter, and J. Steven Alexander
I. Introduction 2
II. Role of Activated Cerebral Endothelial Cells in
Pathogenesis of MS 3
III. Potential Role of Endothelial Microparticles in
Pathogenesis of MS 4
IV. Interactions Among Endothelial Cells and Activated Leukocytes
in Pathogenesis of MS 5
V. MS and Endothelial Tight Junctions 7
VI. Conclusions 7
References 8
Role of B Cells in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Behrouz Nikbin, Mandana Mohyeddin Bonab,
Farideh Khosravi, and Fatemeh Talebian
I. Introduction 14
II. Etiology of MS 16
III. Generation and Development of B Cells 17
IV. The Role of B Cells in Immune Responses 19
V. The Role of B Cells in MS Pathogenesis 19
VI. The Role of B Cells in Therapy 31
VII. Conclusions 32
References 34
v
vi CONTENTS
The Role of CD4 T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Tanuja Chitnis
I. Overview of CD4+ T Cell Immunology 44
II. T Cell Immunologic Studies in MS 49
III. T Cell Targeted Therapies in MS 58
IV. Conclusions 61
References 62
The CD8 T Cell in Multiple Sclerosis: Suppressor
Cell or Mediator of Neuropathology?
Aaron J. Johnson, Georgette L. Suidan,
Jeremiah McDole, and Istvan Pirko
I. Introduction 74
II. Genetic Association Between Class I Genes and
Predisposition to MS 75
III. Pathological Studies Implicate a Role for CD8 T Cells in
MS Lesions 75
IV. What Have We Learned About CD8 T Cells from Peripheral
Blood of MS Patients? 77
V. CD8 T Cells as Suppressors of Neuropathology in MS 80
VI. CD8 T Cells as Mediators of Neuropathology and Motor
Deficit in Animal Models of MS 82
VII. CD8 T Cells as Potential Regulators of the Blood Brain Barrier 85
VIII. Future Directions: Define the CD8 T Cell Epitopes and
Exploit Them Therapeutically 89
IX. Conclusions 91
References 92
Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Smriti M. Agrawal and V. Wee Yong
I. Introduction 100
II. MS as an Inflammatory Disease of the CNS 100
III. Genetic and Environmental Aspects of MS and Their
Impact on Immune Functions 103
IV. Immune Components of MS 105
V. Contribution of Components of Innate Immunity in MS 108
VI. CNS Specific Cellular Contribution in MS 109
VII. Regulatory Mechanisms in MS 110
VIII. Chemokinesin MS Ill
CONTENTS vii
IX. Role for Metalloproteinases in MS 112
X. MS Therapies and Their Effect on Immune Abnormalities in MS 114
XI. Conclusions 118
References 118
Molecular Mimicry in Multiple Sclerosis
Jane E. Libbey, Lori L. McCoy, and Robert S. Fujinami
I. Introduction 128
II. Class I Molecules and Mimicry 132
III. Class II Molecules and Mimicry 135
IV. Antibody and Mimicry 138
V. Discussion 140
References 142
Molecular Negativity May Underlie Multiple Sclerosis:
Role of the Myelin Basic Protein Family in the Pathogenesis of MS
Abdiwahab A. Musse and George Harauz
I. Multiple Sclerosis 149
II. MBP: A Membrane Velcro in CNS Myelin 151
III. MBP: A Conformationally Adaptable and Multifunctional Protein .... 152
IV. MBP Deimination and MS 154
V. MBP Deimination and Autoimmunity in MS 156
VI. Does Deimination of MBP Precipitate the Autoimmune
Response in MS? 159
VII. PAD and Protein Deimination 162
VIII. Conclusions 163
References 165
Microchimerism and Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis
Behrouz Nikbin, Mandana Mohyeddin Bonab, and Fatemeh Talebian
I. Introduction 174
II. Microchimerism 175
III. Therapy 182
IV. Stem Cells 182
V. Hematopoietic Stem Cells 183
VI. Mesenchymal Stem Cells 185
VII. Concluding Remarks 195
References 195
viii CONTENTS
The Insulin Like Growth Factor System in Multiple Sclerosis
Daniel Chesik, Nadine Wilczak, and Jacques De Keyser
I. Introduction 204
II. Growth Factors Guide Oligodendrocyte Behavior 205
III. Overview of the IGF System 206
IV. Role of IGF 1 in the CNS 208
V. Clinical Uses of IGF 1 in Models of Neurodegenerative
Demyelinating Disease 212
VI. IGF System in MS 214
VII. Is IGF 1 a Good Candidate for MS Treatment? 217
VIII. Summary 218
References 219
Cell Derived Microparticles and Exosomes in
Neuroinflammatory Disorders
Lawrence L. Horstman, Wenche Jy,
Alireza Minagar, Carlos J. Bidot, Joaquin J. Jimenez,
J. Steven Alexander, and Yeon S. Ahn
I. General Considerations 229
II. MP Studies Relevant to Neuropathologies 237
III. Inflammatory MP Bome Agents Relevant to Neuropathologies 240
IV. Exosomes 247
V. Summary and Conclusions 249
Glossary 251
References 252
Multiple Sclerosis in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic,
and Therapeutic Aspects
Kevin Rostasy
I. Introduction 269
II. Clinical Aspects of Children with Early Onset MS 270
III. Differential Diagnostic Aspects 272
IV. Treatment of Children with MS 274
V. Conclusions 276
References 277
CONTENTS ix
Migraine in Multiple Sclerosis
Debra G. Elliott
I. Epidemiology 282
II. Problems in Diagnosing MS and Migraine 283
III. MRI Findings in MS and Migraine 287
IV. Headache and IFN /3 290
V. Pathophysiology 292
VI. Conclusions 296
References 296
Multiple Sclerosis as a Painful Disease
Meghan Kenner, Uma Menon, and Debra G. Elliott
I. Introduction 304
II. Measuring Pain 305
III. Epidemiology 305
IV. Pain and Disability 307
V. Pain Syndromes in MS 307
VI. Pain Management in MS Patients 309
VII. Pathophysiology of MS Related Pain 311
VIII. GliaasPain Inducers 316
IX. Conclusions 317
References 317
Multiple Sclerosis and Behavior
James B. Pinkston, Anita Kablinger, and Nadejda Alekseeva
I. Introduction 324
II. Cognitive Functioning 324
III. Psychiatric Manifestations 329
IV. Quality of Life in MS 331
References 336
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis
Francisco A. Luque and Stephen L. Jaffe
I. Introduction 342
II. Basic CSF Analysis 343
III. CSF Analysis for Immunoglobulins 344
IV. CSF Analysis for Prognostic and Therapeutic
Response Biomarkers 348
References 352
X CONTENTS
Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran
Mohammad Saadatnia, Masoud Etemadifar, and
Amir Hadi Maghzi
I. Introduction 358
II. Materials and Methods 360
III. Results 362
IV. Discussion 366
V. Conclusions 371
References 371
Gender Issues in Multiple Sclerosis
Robert N. Schwendimann and Nadejda Alekseeva
I. Introduction 378
II. Sex Hormones 380
III. Sex Hormones in Animal Models 381
IV. MS and the Menstrual Cycle 382
V. MS and Pregnancy 383
VI. Effects of Pregnancy on MS Prognosis 385
VII. MS and Menopause 386
VIII. MS Symptoms in Females and Males 387
IX. Sex Hormones in Treatment of MS 387
X. Preventative Healthcare in MS 388
XI. Conclusions 389
References 389
Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Halim Fadil, Roger E. Kelley, and Eduardo C. Gonzalez Toledo
I. Introduction 394
II. Differential Diagnosis of Inflammatory/Autoimmune Diseases 395
III. Differential Diagnosis of Infectious Etiologies 405
IV. Differential Diagnosis of Genetic/Heriditary Disorders 408
V. Differential Diagnosis of CNS Neoplasms 411
VI. Differential Diagnosis of Dysmyelinating Disorders 412
VII. Differential Diagnosis Other Demyelinating Disorders 415
VIII. Conclusions 419
References 420
Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis
Roberto Bergamaschi
I. Introduction 424
II. Prognostic Factors at the Disease s Onset 424
CONTENTS xi
III. Prognostic Factors During the Early Phase/Course
of the Disease 434
IV. Conclusions 439
References 441
Neuroimaging in Multiple Sclerosis
Robert Zivadinov and Jennifer L. Cox
I. Introduction 450
II. Role of Conventional MRI in Detecting Inflammation
and Neurodegeneration 451
III. Role of Nonconventional MRI in Detecting Chronic
Inflammation and Neurodegeneration 460
IV. Conclusions 466
References 466
Detection of Cortical Lesions is Dependent on Choice of
Slice Thickness in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Ondrej Dolezal, Michael G. Dwyer, Dana Horakova,
Eva Havrdova, Alireza Minagar, Srivats Balachandran,
Niels Bergsland, Zdenek Seidl, Manuela Vaneckova, David Fritz,
Jan Rrasensky, and Robert Zivadinov
I. Introduction 476
II. Methods 478
III. Results 481
IV. Discussion 483
References 486
The Role of Quantitative Neuroimaging Indices in the Differentiation
of Ischemia From Demyelination: An Analytical Study
With Case Presentation
Romy Hoque, Christina Ledbetter,
Eduardo C. Gonzalez Toledo, Vivek Misra, Uma Menon,
Meghan Kenner, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Roger E. Kelley,
Robert Zivadinov, and Alireza Minagar
I. Introduction 492
II. ADC and T2R in Acute Ischemia and Acute Demyelination 495
III. ADC, T2R, and MRS in a Case of Posttraumatic Bilateral
Intranuclear Ophthalmoplegia 500
IV. Conclusions 516
References 516
xii CONTENTS
HLA DRB1 *1501, DQB1 *0301, DQB1 *0302, DQB1
*0602, and DQB1 *0603 Alleles are Associated
With More Severe Disease Outcome on MRI
in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Robert Zivadinov, Laura Uxa, Alessio Bratina,
Antonio Bosco, Bhooma Srinivasaraghavan, Alireza Minagar,
Maja Ukmar, Su yen Benedetto, and Marino Zorzon
I. Introduction 522
II. Methods 524
III. Results 526
IV. Discussion 529
References 532
Glatiramer Acetate: Mechanisms of Action in Multiple Sclerosis
TjALF ZlEMSSEN AND WlEBKE SCHREMPF
I. Introduction 538
II. Pathology and Immunology 538
III. MS as Neurodegenerative Disease 540
IV. The Janus Face of CNS Directed Autoimmune Inflammation 542
V. Neurotrophic Factors Are Released by Different Immune Cells 544
VI. Glatiramer Acetate: Historical Remarks 546
VII. GA: Overview of Clinical Studies 547
VIII. GA: Imaging Studies 548
IX. GA: Animal Models 549
X. GA in MS: Mechanisms of Action 552
XI. Effects of GA on the B Cell Level 556
XII. Effects of GA on the T Cell Level 557
XIII. Conclusions 562
References 563
Evolving Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis
Elena Korniychuk, John M. Dempster, Eileen O Connor,
J. Steven Alexander, Roger E. Kelley, Meghan Kenner, Uma Menon,
Vivek Misra, Romy Hoque, Eduardo C. Gonzalez Toledo,
Robert N. Schwendimann, Stacy Smith, and Alireza Minagar
I. Introduction 572
II. Monoclonal Antibodies 573
III. Statins 579
IV. Minocycline and Doxycycline 580
V. Vitamin D 582
VI. Fingolimod 582
VII. T Cell Vaccination 583
CONTENTS xiii
VIII. Stem Cell Therapy 584
IX. Conclusions 584
References 584
Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis
Divya M. Chari
I. What is Remyelination? 590
II. Experimental Remyelination 594
III. The Biology of Remyelination is Complex 597
IV. What Causes Remyelination Failure in MS 603
V. MS Therapy: Strategies to Enhance Remyelination 607
References 612
Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Modern Day Review
Kelly Hunt and Ravish Patwardhan
I. Introduction 621
II. Methods 622
III. Results and Discussion 622
IV. Conclusions 629
References 629
Optic Neuritis and the Neuro Ophthalmology of Multiple Sclerosis
Paramjit Kaur and Jeffrey L. Bennett
I. Disorders of the Afferent Visual System 634
II. Disorders of the Ocular Motor System 646
III. Summary 655
References 656
Neuromyelitis Optica: New Findings on Pathogenesis
Dean M. Wingerchuk
I. Introduction 666
II. NMO: Evolution of Disease Definition and Spectrum 666
III. Evidence for Humoral Autoimmunity in NMO 670
IV. Conclusions 684
References 685
Index 689
Contents of Recent Volumes 711
|
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
Contributors xv
Preface xxi
The Destructive Alliance: Interactions of Leukocytes, Cerebral Endothelial
Cells, and the Immune Cascade in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Alireza Minagar, April Carpenter, and J. Steven Alexander
I. Introduction 2
II. Role of Activated Cerebral Endothelial Cells in
Pathogenesis of MS 3
III. Potential Role of Endothelial Microparticles in
Pathogenesis of MS 4
IV. Interactions Among Endothelial Cells and Activated Leukocytes
in Pathogenesis of MS 5
V. MS and Endothelial Tight Junctions 7
VI. Conclusions 7
References 8
Role of B Cells in Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Behrouz Nikbin, Mandana Mohyeddin Bonab,
Farideh Khosravi, and Fatemeh Talebian
I. Introduction 14
II. Etiology of MS 16
III. Generation and Development of B Cells 17
IV. The Role of B Cells in Immune Responses 19
V. The Role of B Cells in MS Pathogenesis 19
VI. The Role of B Cells in Therapy 31
VII. Conclusions 32
References 34
v
vi CONTENTS
The Role of CD4 T Cells in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Tanuja Chitnis
I. Overview of CD4+ T Cell Immunology 44
II. T Cell Immunologic Studies in MS 49
III. T Cell Targeted Therapies in MS 58
IV. Conclusions 61
References 62
The CD8 T Cell in Multiple Sclerosis: Suppressor
Cell or Mediator of Neuropathology?
Aaron J. Johnson, Georgette L. Suidan,
Jeremiah McDole, and Istvan Pirko
I. Introduction 74
II. Genetic Association Between Class I Genes and
Predisposition to MS 75
III. Pathological Studies Implicate a Role for CD8 T Cells in
MS Lesions 75
IV. What Have We Learned About CD8 T Cells from Peripheral
Blood of MS Patients? 77
V. CD8 T Cells as Suppressors of Neuropathology in MS 80
VI. CD8 T Cells as Mediators of Neuropathology and Motor
Deficit in Animal Models of MS 82
VII. CD8 T Cells as Potential Regulators of the Blood Brain Barrier 85
VIII. Future Directions: Define the CD8 T Cell Epitopes and
Exploit Them Therapeutically 89
IX. Conclusions 91
References 92
Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis
Smriti M. Agrawal and V. Wee Yong
I. Introduction 100
II. MS as an Inflammatory Disease of the CNS 100
III. Genetic and Environmental Aspects of MS and Their
Impact on Immune Functions 103
IV. Immune Components of MS 105
V. Contribution of Components of Innate Immunity in MS 108
VI. CNS Specific Cellular Contribution in MS 109
VII. Regulatory Mechanisms in MS 110
VIII. Chemokinesin MS Ill
CONTENTS vii
IX. Role for Metalloproteinases in MS 112
X. MS Therapies and Their Effect on Immune Abnormalities in MS 114
XI. Conclusions 118
References 118
Molecular Mimicry in Multiple Sclerosis
Jane E. Libbey, Lori L. McCoy, and Robert S. Fujinami
I. Introduction 128
II. Class I Molecules and Mimicry 132
III. Class II Molecules and Mimicry 135
IV. Antibody and Mimicry 138
V. Discussion 140
References 142
Molecular "Negativity" May Underlie Multiple Sclerosis:
Role of the Myelin Basic Protein Family in the Pathogenesis of MS
Abdiwahab A. Musse and George Harauz
I. Multiple Sclerosis 149
II. MBP: A Membrane Velcro in CNS Myelin 151
III. MBP: A Conformationally Adaptable and Multifunctional Protein . 152
IV. MBP Deimination and MS 154
V. MBP Deimination and Autoimmunity in MS 156
VI. Does Deimination of MBP Precipitate the Autoimmune
Response in MS? 159
VII. PAD and Protein Deimination 162
VIII. Conclusions 163
References 165
Microchimerism and Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis
Behrouz Nikbin, Mandana Mohyeddin Bonab, and Fatemeh Talebian
I. Introduction 174
II. Microchimerism 175
III. Therapy 182
IV. Stem Cells 182
V. Hematopoietic Stem Cells 183
VI. Mesenchymal Stem Cells 185
VII. Concluding Remarks 195
References 195
viii CONTENTS
The Insulin Like Growth Factor System in Multiple Sclerosis
Daniel Chesik, Nadine Wilczak, and Jacques De Keyser
I. Introduction 204
II. Growth Factors Guide Oligodendrocyte Behavior 205
III. Overview of the IGF System 206
IV. Role of IGF 1 in the CNS 208
V. Clinical Uses of IGF 1 in Models of Neurodegenerative
Demyelinating Disease 212
VI. IGF System in MS 214
VII. Is IGF 1 a Good Candidate for MS Treatment? 217
VIII. Summary 218
References 219
Cell Derived Microparticles and Exosomes in
Neuroinflammatory Disorders
Lawrence L. Horstman, Wenche Jy,
Alireza Minagar, Carlos J. Bidot, Joaquin J. Jimenez,
J. Steven Alexander, and Yeon S. Ahn
I. General Considerations 229
II. MP Studies Relevant to Neuropathologies 237
III. Inflammatory MP Bome Agents Relevant to Neuropathologies 240
IV. Exosomes 247
V. Summary and Conclusions 249
Glossary 251
References 252
Multiple Sclerosis in Children: Clinical, Diagnostic,
and Therapeutic Aspects
Kevin Rostasy
I. Introduction 269
II. Clinical Aspects of Children with Early Onset MS 270
III. Differential Diagnostic Aspects 272
IV. Treatment of Children with MS 274
V. Conclusions 276
References 277
CONTENTS ix
Migraine in Multiple Sclerosis
Debra G. Elliott
I. Epidemiology 282
II. Problems in Diagnosing MS and Migraine 283
III. MRI Findings in MS and Migraine 287
IV. Headache and IFN /3 290
V. Pathophysiology 292
VI. Conclusions 296
References 296
Multiple Sclerosis as a Painful Disease
Meghan Kenner, Uma Menon, and Debra G. Elliott
I. Introduction 304
II. Measuring Pain 305
III. Epidemiology 305
IV. Pain and Disability 307
V. Pain Syndromes in MS 307
VI. Pain Management in MS Patients 309
VII. Pathophysiology of MS Related Pain 311
VIII. GliaasPain Inducers 316
IX. Conclusions 317
References 317
Multiple Sclerosis and Behavior
James B. Pinkston, Anita Kablinger, and Nadejda Alekseeva
I. Introduction 324
II. Cognitive Functioning 324
III. Psychiatric Manifestations 329
IV. Quality of Life in MS 331
References 336
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in Multiple Sclerosis
Francisco A. Luque and Stephen L. Jaffe
I. Introduction 342
II. Basic CSF Analysis 343
III. CSF Analysis for Immunoglobulins 344
IV. CSF Analysis for Prognostic and Therapeutic
Response Biomarkers 348
References 352
X CONTENTS
Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran
Mohammad Saadatnia, Masoud Etemadifar, and
Amir Hadi Maghzi
I. Introduction 358
II. Materials and Methods 360
III. Results 362
IV. Discussion 366
V. Conclusions 371
References 371
Gender Issues in Multiple Sclerosis
Robert N. Schwendimann and Nadejda Alekseeva
I. Introduction 378
II. Sex Hormones 380
III. Sex Hormones in Animal Models 381
IV. MS and the Menstrual Cycle 382
V. MS and Pregnancy 383
VI. Effects of Pregnancy on MS Prognosis 385
VII. MS and Menopause 386
VIII. MS Symptoms in Females and Males 387
IX. Sex Hormones in Treatment of MS 387
X. Preventative Healthcare in MS 388
XI. Conclusions 389
References 389
Differential Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Halim Fadil, Roger E. Kelley, and Eduardo C. Gonzalez Toledo
I. Introduction 394
II. Differential Diagnosis of Inflammatory/Autoimmune Diseases 395
III. Differential Diagnosis of Infectious Etiologies 405
IV. Differential Diagnosis of Genetic/Heriditary Disorders 408
V. Differential Diagnosis of CNS Neoplasms 411
VI. Differential Diagnosis of Dysmyelinating Disorders 412
VII. Differential Diagnosis Other Demyelinating Disorders 415
VIII. Conclusions 419
References 420
Prognostic Factors in Multiple Sclerosis
Roberto Bergamaschi
I. Introduction 424
II. Prognostic Factors at the Disease's Onset 424
CONTENTS xi
III. Prognostic Factors During the Early Phase/Course
of the Disease 434
IV. Conclusions 439
References 441
Neuroimaging in Multiple Sclerosis
Robert Zivadinov and Jennifer L. Cox
I. Introduction 450
II. Role of Conventional MRI in Detecting Inflammation
and Neurodegeneration 451
III. Role of Nonconventional MRI in Detecting Chronic
Inflammation and Neurodegeneration 460
IV. Conclusions 466
References 466
Detection of Cortical Lesions is Dependent on Choice of
Slice Thickness in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Ondrej Dolezal, Michael G. Dwyer, Dana Horakova,
Eva Havrdova, Alireza Minagar, Srivats Balachandran,
Niels Bergsland, Zdenek Seidl, Manuela Vaneckova, David Fritz,
Jan Rrasensky, and Robert Zivadinov
I. Introduction 476
II. Methods 478
III. Results 481
IV. Discussion 483
References 486
The Role of Quantitative Neuroimaging Indices in the Differentiation
of Ischemia From Demyelination: An Analytical Study
With Case Presentation
Romy Hoque, Christina Ledbetter,
Eduardo C. Gonzalez Toledo, Vivek Misra, Uma Menon,
Meghan Kenner, Alejandro A. Rabinstein, Roger E. Kelley,
Robert Zivadinov, and Alireza Minagar
I. Introduction 492
II. ADC and T2R in Acute Ischemia and Acute Demyelination 495
III. ADC, T2R, and MRS in a Case of Posttraumatic Bilateral
Intranuclear Ophthalmoplegia 500
IV. Conclusions 516
References 516
xii CONTENTS
HLA DRB1 *1501, DQB1 *0301, DQB1 *0302, DQB1
*0602, and DQB1 *0603 Alleles are Associated
With More Severe Disease Outcome on MRI
in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Robert Zivadinov, Laura Uxa, Alessio Bratina,
Antonio Bosco, Bhooma Srinivasaraghavan, Alireza Minagar,
Maja Ukmar, Su yen Benedetto, and Marino Zorzon
I. Introduction 522
II. Methods 524
III. Results 526
IV. Discussion 529
References 532
Glatiramer Acetate: Mechanisms of Action in Multiple Sclerosis
TjALF ZlEMSSEN AND WlEBKE SCHREMPF
I. Introduction 538
II. Pathology and Immunology 538
III. MS as Neurodegenerative Disease 540
IV. The Janus Face of CNS Directed Autoimmune Inflammation 542
V. Neurotrophic Factors Are Released by Different Immune Cells 544
VI. Glatiramer Acetate: Historical Remarks 546
VII. GA: Overview of Clinical Studies 547
VIII. GA: Imaging Studies 548
IX. GA: Animal Models 549
X. GA in MS: Mechanisms of Action 552
XI. Effects of GA on the B Cell Level 556
XII. Effects of GA on the T Cell Level 557
XIII. Conclusions 562
References 563
Evolving Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis
Elena Korniychuk, John M. Dempster, Eileen O'Connor,
J. Steven Alexander, Roger E. Kelley, Meghan Kenner, Uma Menon,
Vivek Misra, Romy Hoque, Eduardo C. Gonzalez Toledo,
Robert N. Schwendimann, Stacy Smith, and Alireza Minagar
I. Introduction 572
II. Monoclonal Antibodies 573
III. Statins 579
IV. Minocycline and Doxycycline 580
V. Vitamin D 582
VI. Fingolimod 582
VII. T Cell Vaccination 583
CONTENTS xiii
VIII. Stem Cell Therapy 584
IX. Conclusions 584
References 584
Remyelination in Multiple Sclerosis
Divya M. Chari
I. What is Remyelination? 590
II. Experimental Remyelination 594
III. The Biology of Remyelination is Complex 597
IV. What Causes Remyelination Failure in MS 603
V. MS Therapy: Strategies to Enhance Remyelination 607
References 612
Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Modern Day Review
Kelly Hunt and Ravish Patwardhan
I. Introduction 621
II. Methods 622
III. Results and Discussion 622
IV. Conclusions 629
References 629
Optic Neuritis and the Neuro Ophthalmology of Multiple Sclerosis
Paramjit Kaur and Jeffrey L. Bennett
I. Disorders of the Afferent Visual System 634
II. Disorders of the Ocular Motor System 646
III. Summary 655
References 656
Neuromyelitis Optica: New Findings on Pathogenesis
Dean M. Wingerchuk
I. Introduction 666
II. NMO: Evolution of Disease Definition and Spectrum 666
III. Evidence for Humoral Autoimmunity in NMO 670
IV. Conclusions 684
References 685
Index 689
Contents of Recent Volumes 711 |
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| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)144642061 (DE-599)BVBBV022465792 |
| dewey-full | 616.83407 |
| dewey-hundreds | 600 - Technology (Applied sciences) |
| dewey-ones | 616 - Diseases |
| dewey-raw | 616.83407 |
| dewey-search | 616.83407 |
| dewey-sort | 3616.83407 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Medizin |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV022465792 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:42:18Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:58:11Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780123737366 0123737362 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015673385 |
| oclc_num | 144642061 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | 732 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Elsevier AP |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | International review of neurobiology |
| spelling | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis ed. by Alireza Minagar Amsterdam [u.a.] Elsevier AP 2007 732 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier International review of neurobiology 79 Einzelaufnahme eines Zeitschr.-Bd. Multiple Sclerosis physiopathology Multiple sclerosis Neurobiology Neurobiology methods Multiple Sklerose (DE-588)4040693-3 gnd rswk-swf Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Multiple Sklerose (DE-588)4040693-3 s Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 s b DE-604 Minagar, Alireza Sonstige oth HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015673385&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis physiopathology Multiple sclerosis Neurobiology Neurobiology methods Multiple Sklerose (DE-588)4040693-3 gnd Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4040693-3 (DE-588)4041871-6 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis |
| title_auth | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis |
| title_exact_search | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis |
| title_full | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis ed. by Alireza Minagar |
| title_fullStr | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis ed. by Alireza Minagar |
| title_full_unstemmed | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis ed. by Alireza Minagar |
| title_short | The neurobiology of multiple sclerosis |
| title_sort | the neurobiology of multiple sclerosis |
| topic | Multiple Sclerosis physiopathology Multiple sclerosis Neurobiology Neurobiology methods Multiple Sklerose (DE-588)4040693-3 gnd Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Multiple Sclerosis physiopathology Multiple sclerosis Neurobiology Neurobiology methods Multiple Sklerose Neurobiologie Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015673385&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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