Glass: mechanics and technology
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| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
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Weinheim
Wiley-VCH
2008
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| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Physical Description: | XXIV, 366 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9783527315499 3527315497 |
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MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Le Bourhis, Eric |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Glass |b mechanics and technology |c Eric Le Bourhis |
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b Wiley-VCH |c 2008 | |
| 300 | |a XXIV, 366 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
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IMAGE 1
ERIC LE BOURHIS
GLASS MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY
WILEYVCH
WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
FOREWORD XIII PREFACE XV
SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS (UNITS IN PARENTHESES) XVII
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS XXI
ABBREVIATIONS XXIII
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 CLASS, A CERAMIC MATERIAL 5
2.1 FOUR CLASSES OF MATERIALS 5 2.2 MATERIALS PROPERTIES 10 2.3
SELECTING MATERIALS 12 2.4 PERFORMANCE INDICES 15 2.5 SHAPE FACTORS IN
MECHANICAL DESIGN 18
3 GLASS PREHISTORY AND HISTORY 25
3.1 NATURAL GLASSES 25
3.2 EARLY GLASSES 29
3.3 FIRST OPTICAL GLASSES 32 3.4 MODERN GLASSES 34
3.4.1 SODA-LIME-SILICA GLASSES 34 3.4.2 BOROSILICATE AND ALUMINOSILICATE
GLASSES 37
4 APPLICATIONS OF CLASS 39
4.1 GLAZING 39
4.2 CONTAINERS 44
4.3 OPTICAL GLASS 46
4.4 GLASS FIBRES FOR INSULATION AND REINFORCEMENT 48 4.5 ABRASIVE TOOLS
49
4.6 GLASS MANUFACTURERS 50
GLASS; MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY. ERIC LE BOURHIS COPYRIGHT 2008
WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN: 978-3-527-31549-9
IMAGE 3
5 CLASS STRUCTURE 53
5.1 INTRODUCTION 53
5.2 SILICA GLASS AND RELATED GLASSES 54
5.2.1 GLASS NETWORK 54
5.2.2 GLASS NETWORK MODIFICATION 57 5.2.3 SHORT-RANGE ORDER 60
5.3 BORATE GLASS AND RELATED GLASSES 64
5.4 ORGANIC AND CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES 65 5.5 METALLIC GLASSES 65
5.6 AVOIDING CRYSTALLIZATION 66 5.6.1 NUDEATION AND GROWTH OF
CRYSTALLIZED PHASES 5.6.2 NUDEATION OF CRYSTALLIZED PHASES 67 5.6.2.1
HOMOGENEOUS NUDEATION 68
5.6.2.2 HETEROGENEOUS NUDEATION 70 5.6.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH 71
5.6.4 TTT DIAGRAM 74
5.6.5 DEVITRIFICATION 75
5.6.6 FACTORS THAT FAVOUR GLASS FORMATION 76 5.7 VITROCERAMIC
FABRICATION 76 5.7.1 INTRODUCTION 76
5.7.2 CONVENTIONAL METHOD (TWO STAGES) 77 5.7.3 MODIFIED CONVENTIONAL
METHOD (SINGLE STAGE) 5.7.4 LASER-INDUCED METHOD 77 5.8 GLASS SURFACE 78
5.8.1 SURFACE REACTION 78
5.8.2 MOLECULAR DIFFUSION 79 5.8.3 GLASS NETWORK INTERACTION WITH WATER
79 5.8.3.1 WATER REACTION 80 5.8.3.2 ION EXCHANGE 80
5.8.3.3 GLASS CORROSION 81 5.8.4 SURFACE PROPERTIES 81
6 CLASS RHEOLOGY 83
6.1 VISCOSITY 83
6.1.1 VISCOSITY AND PROCESS 83 6.1.2 VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT 86 6.1.2.1
ROTATION VISCOMETER 87 6.1.2.2 FALLING SPHERE VISCOMETER 88 6.1.2.3
FIBRE ELONGATION VISCOMETER 88
6.1.3 VISCOSITY VARIATION WITH TEMPERATURE 90 6.1.3.1 INTRODUCTION 90
6.1.3.2 FRAGILITY 93 6.1.3.3 VFT EMPIRICAL FORMULA 94 6.1.3.4
MICROSCOPIC APPROACH 94 6.2 GLASS TRANSITION AND ITS OBSERVATION 99
IMAGE 4
VII
6.2.1 'OBSERVING' THE GLASS TRANSITION 99
6.2.2 DILATOMETRY 101
6.2.3 DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY 103 6.3 VISCOUS RESPONSE OF
GLASS 104
6.4 VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE OF GLASS 106 6.4.1 INTRODUCTION 106
6.4.2 MAXWELL AND KELVIN SOLIDS 107 6.4.3 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS
109 6.4.4 MODELLING REAL SOLIDS 111 6.4.5 FUNCTIONAL FORMULATION 113
6.4.5.1 CREEP 113
6.4.5.2 STRESS RELAXATION 114 6.4.5.3 ELASTIC-VISCOELASTIC
CORRESPONDENCE 116 6.4.5.4 SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE (SIMPLE
THERMORHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR) 116 6.5 TEMPERING OF GLASS 119
6.5.1 INTRODUCTION 119
6.5.2 FREEZING THEORY 120
6.5.3 STRESS RELAXATION 122
6.5.4 STRUCTURAL RELAXATION 123 6.6 TRANSIENT STRESSES 128
6.7 CHEMICAL TEMPERING OF GLASS 130
6.7.1 INTRODUCTION 130
6.7.2 ION EXCHANGE AND STRESS BUILD-UP 131 6.7.3 STRESS RELAXATION 132
6.7.4 ENGINEERED STRESS PROFILE GLASSES 132
7 MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF GLASS 135
7.1 THEORETICAL STRENGTH 135
7.2 TENSILE RESISTANCE OF GLASS 136
7.3 STRESS CONCENTRATION AND GRIFFITH ENERGY BALANCE 141 7.3.1 STRESS
CONCENTRATION 141 7.3.2 ENERGY BALANCE 143
7.4 LINEAR ELASTICITY CRACK TIP STRESS FIELD 144 7.5 SIF UNDER
NON-UNIFORM STRESS 145
7.6 TOUGHNESS MEASUREMENT 146
7.6.1 COMPACT TENSION 146
7.6.2 NOTCH BEAM TEST 146
7.6.3 DOUBLE TORSION 147
7.7 INNUENCE OF RESIDUAL STRESS ON STRENGTH AND FRAGMENTATION 148 7.7.1
INFLUENCE OF RESIDUAL THERMAL STRESS ON STRENGTH 150 7.7.2 INFLUENCE OF
RESIDUAL CHEMICAL STRESS ON STRENGTH 150 7.7.3 INFLUENCE OF RESIDUAL
STRESS ON FRAGMENTATION 151 7.7.4 IMPACT-INDUCED FRACTURE 152
7.8 STATISTICAL WEIBULL ANALYSIS 153 7.8.1 INTRODUCTION 153
IMAGE 5
VIII CONTENTS
7.8.2 FUNCTIONAL FORMULATION 153
7.8.2.1 UNIFORM TENSILE STRESS 155 7.8.2.2 NON-UNIFORM TENSILE STRESS
155 7.8.3 POPULATION OF FLAWS 157
8 CONTACT RESISTANCE OF CLASS 161 8.1 SHARP AND BLUNT CONTACT 161 8.1.1
INTRODUCTION 161 8.1.2 SPHERICAL INDENTATION 162 8.1.2.1 ELASTIC LOADING
162
8.1.2.2 HERTZ FRACTURE AND INDENTATION TOUGHNESS 164 8.1.3 SHARP
INDENTATION 167 8.1.3.1 ELASTIC LOADING 167 8.1.3.2 ELASTIC-PLASTIC
LOADING 169
8.1.3.3 HARDNESS 170 8.1.3.4 RADIAL-MEDIAN CRACKING 174 8.1.3.5
INDENTATION TOUGHNESS 177 8.1.3.6 LATERAL CRACKING AND CHIPPING 179
8.1.3.7 BRITTLENESS INDEX 180 8.2 SHARP CONTACT RESISTANCE 181 8.3
SCRATCH RESISTANCE 185 8.4 ABRASION RESISTANCE 186 8.5 CUTTING AND
DRILLING OFGLASS 188
9 AGEINGOF CLASS 191
9.1 FATIGUE IN GLASS 191
9.1.1 STARK FATIGUE 191 9.1.2 TESTING METHODS 191 9.2 STRESS CORROSION
192
9.2.1 INTRODUCTION (DOMAIN III) 192 9.2.2 DOMAINS O AND I: REACTION
CONTROUED 193 9.2.3 DOMAIN II: TRANSPORT CONTROUED 195 9.3 CHARLES AND
HILLIG THEORY 195 9.4 LIFETIME UNDER STARK FATIGUE 196
9.5 APPLICATIONS 199
9.6 NIS PHASE TRANSFORMATION 199 9.7 CRACK HEARING 201
10 MECHANICS OF CLASS PROCESSES 203 10.1 INTRODUCTION 203 10.1.1
BATCHING 204 10.1.2 MELTING 205
10.1.3 FINING 207 10.1.4 FORMING 208 10.2 FLOAT PROCESS 208
IMAGE 6
10.3 FUSION DRAW 212
10.4 CONTAINER PROCESS 213 10.4.1 PRESSING 215 10.4.2 PRESS-AND-BLOW,
BLOW-AND-BLOW PROCESSES 216 10.5 FIBRE PROCESS 218 10.5.1 TENSILE
DRAWING 219 10.5.2 CENTRIFUGAL DRAWING 221
11 PRODUCTION CONTROL OF RESIDUAL STRESSES 225 11.1 INTRODUCTION 225
11.2 RESIDUAL STRESSES IN FIAT GLASS 226 11.3 BASIC OF PHOTOELASTICITY
IN FIAT GLASS 227 11.4 STRESS METERS 231 11.4.1 EDGE STRESS METERS 231
11.4.2 SURFACE STRESS METERS 234
12 HIGH-TECH PRODUCTS AND R&D 235 12.1 MARKET TREND-DRIVEN R&D 235 12.2
FIAT DISPLAY PANELS 236 12.2.1 ACTIVE MATRIX LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS 237
12.2.2 PLASMA DISPLAY PANELS 237 12.2.3 GLASS STABILITY 238 12.3
THIN-FILM TECHNOLOGY 240 12.3.1 CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION 243
12.3.2 PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION 244 12.3.3 SOL-GEL ROUTES 249 12.4
RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THIN FILMS 252 12.5 APPLICATIONS OF COATINGS AND
SUMMARY 254
13 CONCLUSION 257
APPENDIX 1 LIGHT ABSORPTION, DISPERSION AND POLARIZATION AL.L
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 259 AI.2 LIGHT ABSORPTION 259 AI.3 LIGHT
DISPERSION 261
AI.4 LIGHT POLARIZATION 262
APPENDIX 2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BOND FORMATION 265 A2.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
265 A2.2 MENDELEEV TABLE 267 A2.3 BOND FORMATION 267
APPENDIX 3 THERMAL EXPANSION AND ELASTICITY 271 A3.1 THE A-E TREND 271
A3.2 QUALITATIVE APPROACH 271
IMAGE 7
X I CONTENTS
A3.3 EXPANSION MODELLING 272
A3.4 DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENT 273
APPENDIX 4 FALLING SPHERE VISCOMETER AND FINING OF CLASS 275 A4.1
FALLING SPHERE 275
A4.1.1 ASYMPTOTIC REGIME 275 A4.1.2 TRANSIENT REGIME 276 A4.2 FINING OF
GLASS 277
APPENDIX 5 THEORETICAL STRENGTH OF A SOLID 279
APPENDIX 6 WEIBULL ANALYSIS 283
APPENDIX 7 PHOTOELASTIC SET-UP FOR LECTURES 287
A7.1 SET-UP FOR PHOTOELASTIC PROJECTION 287 A7.2 EXAMPLE OF A BEAM UNDER
FLEXION (TRANSIENT STRESSES) 287 A7.3 EXAMPLE OF TEMPERED SPECIMENS
(RESIDUAL STRESSES) 288
APPENDIX 8 INSTRUMENTED NANOINDENTATION APPLIED TO THIN FILMS 291 A8.1
INSTRUMENTED NANOINDENTATION 291 A8.2 INDENTATION STRAIN FIELD 295 A8.3
HARDNESS, YIELD STRESS AND REPRESENTATIVE FLOW STRESS 296 A8.4
COATING-SUBSTRATE COMPOSITE RESPONSE 300 A8.5 TIME-DEPENDENT RESPONSE
302 A8.5.1 VISCOELASTIC INDENTATION CURVES 303 A8.5.2 VISCOUS
ELASTIC-PLASTIC INDENTATION F(H) CURVES 305 A8.6 ELASTIC-PLASTIC RATIOS
307
APPENDIX 9 STRAIN AND STRESS 311 A9.1 STRESS AND STRAIN 311
A9.2 STRESS AND STRAIN TENSORS 312
A9.3 UNIAXIAL TENSILE TEST 314 A9.4 SIMPLE SHEAR 314
A9.5 PLANE STRESS 315
A9.6 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND STRESS DEVIATOR 316 A9.7 GENERALIZED
HOOKE'S LAW 317 A9.8 KELVIN AND MAXWELL MODELS 318 A9.9 GENERALIZED
MAXWELL MODEL 319
APPENDIX 10 FLOW AND PLASTICITY IN CLASS 321 A10.1 INTRODUCTION 321
A10.2 FROM NEWTONIAN TO NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW 322 A10.3 FROM HOMOGENEOUS TO
HETEROGENEOUS FLOW 325
IMAGE 8
APPENDIX 11 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 329
ALL.L FEM OF THE PRESSING OFA PARISON 329
AI 1.2 FEM OF THE PRECISION MOULDING OFA GLASS LENS 329 A11.3
FEMOFFRACTURE 330 AI 1.4 FEMOFCONTACTLOADING 333
APPENDIX 12 X-RAY DIFTRACTION ANALYSIS OF THIN-FILM RESIDUAL STRESSES
335 A12.1 THIN-FILM STRESS AND STRAIN 335 A12.2 X-RAY DIFTRACTION METHOD
337 A12.3 THE E-SIN 2 I|; METHOD 338
APPENDIX 13 DIFFUSION 341 A13.1 DIFFUSION LAWS 341 A13.2 STEADY-STATE
DIFFUSION 345 A13.3 NON-STEADY-STATE DIFFUSION 347
CLOSSARY 351
REFERENCES 353
INDEX 361 |
| adam_txt |
IMAGE 1
ERIC LE BOURHIS
GLASS MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY
WILEYVCH
WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA
IMAGE 2
CONTENTS
FOREWORD XIII PREFACE XV
SYMBOLS AND DEFINITIONS (UNITS IN PARENTHESES) XVII
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS XXI
ABBREVIATIONS XXIII
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 CLASS, A CERAMIC MATERIAL 5
2.1 FOUR CLASSES OF MATERIALS 5 2.2 MATERIALS PROPERTIES 10 2.3
SELECTING MATERIALS 12 2.4 PERFORMANCE INDICES 15 2.5 SHAPE FACTORS IN
MECHANICAL DESIGN 18
3 GLASS PREHISTORY AND HISTORY 25
3.1 NATURAL GLASSES 25
3.2 EARLY GLASSES 29
3.3 FIRST OPTICAL GLASSES 32 3.4 MODERN GLASSES 34
3.4.1 SODA-LIME-SILICA GLASSES 34 3.4.2 BOROSILICATE AND ALUMINOSILICATE
GLASSES 37
4 APPLICATIONS OF CLASS 39
4.1 GLAZING 39
4.2 CONTAINERS 44
4.3 OPTICAL GLASS 46
4.4 GLASS FIBRES FOR INSULATION AND REINFORCEMENT 48 4.5 ABRASIVE TOOLS
49
4.6 GLASS MANUFACTURERS 50
GLASS; MECHANICS AND TECHNOLOGY. ERIC LE BOURHIS COPYRIGHT 2008
WILEY-VCH VERLAG GMBH & CO. KGAA, WEINHEIM ISBN: 978-3-527-31549-9
IMAGE 3
5 CLASS STRUCTURE 53
5.1 INTRODUCTION 53
5.2 SILICA GLASS AND RELATED GLASSES 54
5.2.1 GLASS NETWORK 54
5.2.2 GLASS NETWORK MODIFICATION 57 5.2.3 SHORT-RANGE ORDER 60
5.3 BORATE GLASS AND RELATED GLASSES 64
5.4 ORGANIC AND CHALCOGENIDE GLASSES 65 5.5 METALLIC GLASSES 65
5.6 AVOIDING CRYSTALLIZATION 66 5.6.1 NUDEATION AND GROWTH OF
CRYSTALLIZED PHASES 5.6.2 NUDEATION OF CRYSTALLIZED PHASES 67 5.6.2.1
HOMOGENEOUS NUDEATION 68
5.6.2.2 HETEROGENEOUS NUDEATION 70 5.6.3 CRYSTAL GROWTH 71
5.6.4 TTT DIAGRAM 74
5.6.5 DEVITRIFICATION 75
5.6.6 FACTORS THAT FAVOUR GLASS FORMATION 76 5.7 VITROCERAMIC
FABRICATION 76 5.7.1 INTRODUCTION 76
5.7.2 CONVENTIONAL METHOD (TWO STAGES) 77 5.7.3 MODIFIED CONVENTIONAL
METHOD (SINGLE STAGE) 5.7.4 LASER-INDUCED METHOD 77 5.8 GLASS SURFACE 78
5.8.1 SURFACE REACTION 78
5.8.2 MOLECULAR DIFFUSION 79 5.8.3 GLASS NETWORK INTERACTION WITH WATER
79 5.8.3.1 WATER REACTION 80 5.8.3.2 ION EXCHANGE 80
5.8.3.3 GLASS CORROSION 81 5.8.4 SURFACE PROPERTIES 81
6 CLASS RHEOLOGY 83
6.1 VISCOSITY 83
6.1.1 VISCOSITY AND PROCESS 83 6.1.2 VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT 86 6.1.2.1
ROTATION VISCOMETER 87 6.1.2.2 FALLING SPHERE VISCOMETER 88 6.1.2.3
FIBRE ELONGATION VISCOMETER 88
6.1.3 VISCOSITY VARIATION WITH TEMPERATURE 90 6.1.3.1 INTRODUCTION 90
6.1.3.2 FRAGILITY 93 6.1.3.3 VFT EMPIRICAL FORMULA 94 6.1.3.4
MICROSCOPIC APPROACH 94 6.2 GLASS TRANSITION AND ITS OBSERVATION 99
IMAGE 4
VII
6.2.1 'OBSERVING' THE GLASS TRANSITION 99
6.2.2 DILATOMETRY 101
6.2.3 DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY 103 6.3 VISCOUS RESPONSE OF
GLASS 104
6.4 VISCOELASTIC RESPONSE OF GLASS 106 6.4.1 INTRODUCTION 106
6.4.2 MAXWELL AND KELVIN SOLIDS 107 6.4.3 DYNAMIC MECHANICAL ANALYSIS
109 6.4.4 MODELLING REAL SOLIDS 111 6.4.5 FUNCTIONAL FORMULATION 113
6.4.5.1 CREEP 113
6.4.5.2 STRESS RELAXATION 114 6.4.5.3 ELASTIC-VISCOELASTIC
CORRESPONDENCE 116 6.4.5.4 SUPERPOSITION PRINCIPLE (SIMPLE
THERMORHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR) 116 6.5 TEMPERING OF GLASS 119
6.5.1 INTRODUCTION 119
6.5.2 FREEZING THEORY 120
6.5.3 STRESS RELAXATION 122
6.5.4 STRUCTURAL RELAXATION 123 6.6 TRANSIENT STRESSES 128
6.7 CHEMICAL TEMPERING OF GLASS 130
6.7.1 INTRODUCTION 130
6.7.2 ION EXCHANGE AND STRESS BUILD-UP 131 6.7.3 STRESS RELAXATION 132
6.7.4 ENGINEERED STRESS PROFILE GLASSES 132
7 MECHANICAL STRENGTH OF GLASS 135
7.1 THEORETICAL STRENGTH 135
7.2 TENSILE RESISTANCE OF GLASS 136
7.3 STRESS CONCENTRATION AND GRIFFITH ENERGY BALANCE 141 7.3.1 STRESS
CONCENTRATION 141 7.3.2 ENERGY BALANCE 143
7.4 LINEAR ELASTICITY CRACK TIP STRESS FIELD 144 7.5 SIF UNDER
NON-UNIFORM STRESS 145
7.6 TOUGHNESS MEASUREMENT 146
7.6.1 COMPACT TENSION 146
7.6.2 NOTCH BEAM TEST 146
7.6.3 DOUBLE TORSION 147
7.7 INNUENCE OF RESIDUAL STRESS ON STRENGTH AND FRAGMENTATION 148 7.7.1
INFLUENCE OF RESIDUAL THERMAL STRESS ON STRENGTH 150 7.7.2 INFLUENCE OF
RESIDUAL CHEMICAL STRESS ON STRENGTH 150 7.7.3 INFLUENCE OF RESIDUAL
STRESS ON FRAGMENTATION 151 7.7.4 IMPACT-INDUCED FRACTURE 152
7.8 STATISTICAL WEIBULL ANALYSIS 153 7.8.1 INTRODUCTION 153
IMAGE 5
VIII CONTENTS
7.8.2 FUNCTIONAL FORMULATION 153
7.8.2.1 UNIFORM TENSILE STRESS 155 7.8.2.2 NON-UNIFORM TENSILE STRESS
155 7.8.3 POPULATION OF FLAWS 157
8 CONTACT RESISTANCE OF CLASS 161 8.1 SHARP AND BLUNT CONTACT 161 8.1.1
INTRODUCTION 161 8.1.2 SPHERICAL INDENTATION 162 8.1.2.1 ELASTIC LOADING
162
8.1.2.2 HERTZ FRACTURE AND INDENTATION TOUGHNESS 164 8.1.3 SHARP
INDENTATION 167 8.1.3.1 ELASTIC LOADING 167 8.1.3.2 ELASTIC-PLASTIC
LOADING 169
8.1.3.3 HARDNESS 170 8.1.3.4 RADIAL-MEDIAN CRACKING 174 8.1.3.5
INDENTATION TOUGHNESS 177 8.1.3.6 LATERAL CRACKING AND CHIPPING 179
8.1.3.7 BRITTLENESS INDEX 180 8.2 SHARP CONTACT RESISTANCE 181 8.3
SCRATCH RESISTANCE 185 8.4 ABRASION RESISTANCE 186 8.5 CUTTING AND
DRILLING OFGLASS 188
9 AGEINGOF CLASS 191
9.1 FATIGUE IN GLASS 191
9.1.1 STARK FATIGUE 191 9.1.2 TESTING METHODS 191 9.2 STRESS CORROSION
192
9.2.1 INTRODUCTION (DOMAIN III) 192 9.2.2 DOMAINS O AND I: REACTION
CONTROUED 193 9.2.3 DOMAIN II: TRANSPORT CONTROUED 195 9.3 CHARLES AND
HILLIG THEORY 195 9.4 LIFETIME UNDER STARK FATIGUE 196
9.5 APPLICATIONS 199
9.6 NIS PHASE TRANSFORMATION 199 9.7 CRACK HEARING 201
10 MECHANICS OF CLASS PROCESSES 203 10.1 INTRODUCTION 203 10.1.1
BATCHING 204 10.1.2 MELTING 205
10.1.3 FINING 207 10.1.4 FORMING 208 10.2 FLOAT PROCESS 208
IMAGE 6
10.3 FUSION DRAW 212
10.4 CONTAINER PROCESS 213 10.4.1 PRESSING 215 10.4.2 PRESS-AND-BLOW,
BLOW-AND-BLOW PROCESSES 216 10.5 FIBRE PROCESS 218 10.5.1 TENSILE
DRAWING 219 10.5.2 CENTRIFUGAL DRAWING 221
11 PRODUCTION CONTROL OF RESIDUAL STRESSES 225 11.1 INTRODUCTION 225
11.2 RESIDUAL STRESSES IN FIAT GLASS 226 11.3 BASIC OF PHOTOELASTICITY
IN FIAT GLASS 227 11.4 STRESS METERS 231 11.4.1 EDGE STRESS METERS 231
11.4.2 SURFACE STRESS METERS 234
12 HIGH-TECH PRODUCTS AND R&D 235 12.1 MARKET TREND-DRIVEN R&D 235 12.2
FIAT DISPLAY PANELS 236 12.2.1 ACTIVE MATRIX LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS 237
12.2.2 PLASMA DISPLAY PANELS 237 12.2.3 GLASS STABILITY 238 12.3
THIN-FILM TECHNOLOGY 240 12.3.1 CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION 243
12.3.2 PHYSICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION 244 12.3.3 SOL-GEL ROUTES 249 12.4
RESIDUAL STRESSES IN THIN FILMS 252 12.5 APPLICATIONS OF COATINGS AND
SUMMARY 254
13 CONCLUSION 257
APPENDIX 1 LIGHT ABSORPTION, DISPERSION AND POLARIZATION AL.L
ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM 259 AI.2 LIGHT ABSORPTION 259 AI.3 LIGHT
DISPERSION 261
AI.4 LIGHT POLARIZATION 262
APPENDIX 2 ATOMIC STRUCTURE AND BOND FORMATION 265 A2.1 ATOMIC STRUCTURE
265 A2.2 MENDELEEV TABLE 267 A2.3 BOND FORMATION 267
APPENDIX 3 THERMAL EXPANSION AND ELASTICITY 271 A3.1 THE A-E TREND 271
A3.2 QUALITATIVE APPROACH 271
IMAGE 7
X I CONTENTS
A3.3 EXPANSION MODELLING 272
A3.4 DIFFERENTIAL EXPANSION MEASUREMENT 273
APPENDIX 4 FALLING SPHERE VISCOMETER AND FINING OF CLASS 275 A4.1
FALLING SPHERE 275
A4.1.1 ASYMPTOTIC REGIME 275 A4.1.2 TRANSIENT REGIME 276 A4.2 FINING OF
GLASS 277
APPENDIX 5 THEORETICAL STRENGTH OF A SOLID 279
APPENDIX 6 WEIBULL ANALYSIS 283
APPENDIX 7 PHOTOELASTIC SET-UP FOR LECTURES 287
A7.1 SET-UP FOR PHOTOELASTIC PROJECTION 287 A7.2 EXAMPLE OF A BEAM UNDER
FLEXION (TRANSIENT STRESSES) 287 A7.3 EXAMPLE OF TEMPERED SPECIMENS
(RESIDUAL STRESSES) 288
APPENDIX 8 INSTRUMENTED NANOINDENTATION APPLIED TO THIN FILMS 291 A8.1
INSTRUMENTED NANOINDENTATION 291 A8.2 INDENTATION STRAIN FIELD 295 A8.3
HARDNESS, YIELD STRESS AND REPRESENTATIVE FLOW STRESS 296 A8.4
COATING-SUBSTRATE COMPOSITE RESPONSE 300 A8.5 TIME-DEPENDENT RESPONSE
302 A8.5.1 VISCOELASTIC INDENTATION CURVES 303 A8.5.2 VISCOUS
ELASTIC-PLASTIC INDENTATION F(H) CURVES 305 A8.6 ELASTIC-PLASTIC RATIOS
307
APPENDIX 9 STRAIN AND STRESS 311 A9.1 STRESS AND STRAIN 311
A9.2 STRESS AND STRAIN TENSORS 312
A9.3 UNIAXIAL TENSILE TEST 314 A9.4 SIMPLE SHEAR 314
A9.5 PLANE STRESS 315
A9.6 HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE AND STRESS DEVIATOR 316 A9.7 GENERALIZED
HOOKE'S LAW 317 A9.8 KELVIN AND MAXWELL MODELS 318 A9.9 GENERALIZED
MAXWELL MODEL 319
APPENDIX 10 FLOW AND PLASTICITY IN CLASS 321 A10.1 INTRODUCTION 321
A10.2 FROM NEWTONIAN TO NON-NEWTONIAN FLOW 322 A10.3 FROM HOMOGENEOUS TO
HETEROGENEOUS FLOW 325
IMAGE 8
APPENDIX 11 FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS 329
ALL.L FEM OF THE PRESSING OFA PARISON 329
AI 1.2 FEM OF THE PRECISION MOULDING OFA GLASS LENS 329 A11.3
FEMOFFRACTURE 330 AI 1.4 FEMOFCONTACTLOADING 333
APPENDIX 12 X-RAY DIFTRACTION ANALYSIS OF THIN-FILM RESIDUAL STRESSES
335 A12.1 THIN-FILM STRESS AND STRAIN 335 A12.2 X-RAY DIFTRACTION METHOD
337 A12.3 THE E-SIN 2 I|; METHOD 338
APPENDIX 13 DIFFUSION 341 A13.1 DIFFUSION LAWS 341 A13.2 STEADY-STATE
DIFFUSION 345 A13.3 NON-STEADY-STATE DIFFUSION 347
CLOSSARY 351
REFERENCES 353
INDEX 361 |
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| callnumber-first | T - Technology |
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| dewey-ones | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
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| dewey-sort | 3620.144 |
| dewey-tens | 620 - Engineering and allied operations |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften Chemie Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik Industrien, sonstige |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Maschinenbau / Maschinenwesen Physik Werkstoffwissenschaften Chemie Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik Industrien, sonstige |
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| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:36:24Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:17:22Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527315499 3527315497 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXIV, 366 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2008 |
| publishDateSearch | 2008 |
| publishDateSort | 2008 |
| publisher | Wiley-VCH |
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| spelling | Le Bourhis, Eric Verfasser aut Glass mechanics and technology Eric Le Bourhis Weinheim Wiley-VCH 2008 XXIV, 366 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Vidro larpcal Glass Glass manufacture Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd rswk-swf Glas (DE-588)4021142-3 gnd rswk-swf Glastechnik (DE-588)4444561-1 gnd rswk-swf Glas (DE-588)4021142-3 s Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 s DE-604 Glastechnik (DE-588)4444561-1 s text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2945679&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext GBV Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015658793&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Le Bourhis, Eric Glass mechanics and technology Vidro larpcal Glass Glass manufacture Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd Glas (DE-588)4021142-3 gnd Glastechnik (DE-588)4444561-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4192147-1 (DE-588)4021142-3 (DE-588)4444561-1 |
| title | Glass mechanics and technology |
| title_auth | Glass mechanics and technology |
| title_exact_search | Glass mechanics and technology |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Glass mechanics and technology |
| title_full | Glass mechanics and technology Eric Le Bourhis |
| title_fullStr | Glass mechanics and technology Eric Le Bourhis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glass mechanics and technology Eric Le Bourhis |
| title_short | Glass |
| title_sort | glass mechanics and technology |
| title_sub | mechanics and technology |
| topic | Vidro larpcal Glass Glass manufacture Stoffeigenschaft (DE-588)4192147-1 gnd Glas (DE-588)4021142-3 gnd Glastechnik (DE-588)4444561-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Vidro Glass Glass manufacture Stoffeigenschaft Glas Glastechnik |
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