Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.):
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Croatian |
| Published: |
Trogir
Muzej Grada Trogira
2006
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 361 S. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9539783038 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1804136526172389376 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Sadržaj:
Predgovor
l.Uvod
...........................................................................................................................................................................7
2.
Izvori i metodologija
................................................................................................................................9
3.
Kritička analiza grbovnika i rodoslovlja
.................................................................................... <... 25
4.
Gradsko Vijeće
.........................................................................................................................................41
4.1.
Razdoblje od formiranja do zatvaranja Vijeća
(1340.)................................................................................41
4.2.
Razdoblje od zatvaranja Vijeća
(1340.-1659.)...............................................................................................47
4.3.
Razdoblje nakon ponovnog otvaranja Vijeća
(1659.-1805.).......................................................................56
5.
Povijesna demografija trogirskoga plemstva
....................................................................................67
5.1.
Prirodno i mehaničko kretanje
.......................................................................................................................68
5.2.
Natalitet
..............................................................................................................................................................70
5.3.
Nupcijalitet
........................................................................................................................................................74
5.4.
Mortalitet
...........................................................................................................................................................91
6.
Povijesna antroponimija trogirskoga plemstva
.................................................................................95
6.1.
Prezimena i nadimci
..............................................................,.........................................................................95
6.2.
Osobna imena
.................................................................................................................................................104
7.
Rodovi trogirskoga plemstva
..............................................................................................................117
8.
Dodaci
.....................................................................................................................................................281
Dodatak
1.
Plemići nepoznate rodovske pripadnosti u srednjovjekovnom razdoblju
................................281
Dodatak
2.
Redovnice samostana Sv. Nikole i Sv. Petra
...................................................................................282
Dodatak
3.
Svećenici i redovnici iz trogirskih plemićkih rodova
...................................................................288
Dodatak
4.
Trogirski plemići na sveučilištu u Padovi
......................................................................................292
Dodatak
5.
Osobna imena trogirskoga plemstva
..............................................................................................294
Dodatak
6.
Nasljedstvo naselja kopnenoga dijela trogirske općine (oko
1680.)...........................................301
Dodatak
7.
Trogirski kneževi do god.
1797.......................................................................................................307
Dodatak
8.
Trogirski biskupi do god.
1805........................................................................................................312
Dodatak9. Generalni providuri Dalmacije od god.
1420.
dogod.
1797.......................................................315
Dodatak
10.
Rodovi iz
Heyer von
Rosenfeldova grbovnika koji ne pripadaju trogirskom plemstvu
........318
Kratice
.........................................................................................................................................................345
Izvori
............................................................................................................................................................................347
Neobjavljena građa
................................................................................................................................................347
Objavljena građa
................................................................................................................·...................................349
Enciklopedij
e
i priručnici
.....................................................................................................................................350
Literatura
....................................................................................................................................................................351
Summary
.....................................................................................................................................................................357
Sažetak
.........................................................................................................................................................................359
361
Summary
This book deals genalogically with the lineages of the patriciate of
Trogir,
from their origins to the time of the
French rule in
Dalmaţia,
which did away with all estates. The gradual stratification into estates in Dalmatian cities
or communes can be tracked from the early Middle Ages, and in the 13th century, the formation of the city Councils
occurred, which became the main centres of power in the communes. Although then the councillors were mainly
the descendants, the sons and grandsons, of distinguished and prosperous citizens recorded in the earlier period,
some of the citizens of
Trogir
were accepted on their personal merits into the Council.
The receptivity of the Council to new members from the ranks of citizens was very soon, in almost all communes
in
Dalmaţia,
to be replaced by its closing-up, along the lines of the Council in Venice (the
Serrata).
Hence in the
statutes of most of the Dalmatian communes of the first half of the 14th century, there is usually some provision
according to which only the sons or grandsons of already elected members of the Council could be picked as coun¬
cillors. This led to the separation of the nobility (the urban patricians, henceforth the patriciate) from the other
classes, that is, to the creation of an inherited caste that became identical with membership of the Council.
The closing-up of the Council led to the creation of not very numerous isolated classes the future of which depend¬
ed entirely on the demographic development of the patrician families. Plague epidemics, wars, the extinction of
many of the families and on the other hand the plethora of bastards who were not allowed to inherit the patrician
titles led to an important reduction in the number of councillors during the mid-17th century. Then the patricians
were forced to alter some of the provisions of the statutes and, after three centuries, to open up the councils, that
is, to bring in new families. When Venice fell in
1797,
Austrian rule was established in
Dalmaţia,
but this did not
impinge on the councils of the urban patriciates, and they went on working until the coming of French government
(1805),
which in
1807
abolished all the bodies of the estates in
Dalmaţia.
Since the patrician titles in the Dalmatian cities or communes could be inherited only by legitimate male heirs, the
only historical discipline that can exactly track the movements in the patriciate starting from the medieval period
is genealogy. But one of the fundamental problems of the history of the population in the Middle Ages is the ab¬
sence of the surnames by which families were defined in later periods. The identification of persons at that time,
typical to all European medieval sources, is based on the filiation system (personal name and patronym). However,
systematic investigation into the extant material has in recent times led to the development of a distinctive disci¬
pline, that of medieval genealogy, which through a reconstruction of pedigrees is able to determine the lineage of
the persons recorded in this system (these pedigrees are subject to relatively frequent additions and revisions, es¬
pecially if they are genealogical conclusions or hypotheses based on just a single or a handful of extant sources).
The Dalmatian patricians and citizens chose their own coats of arms, today preserved in stone or in manuscript,
as well as in printed books of coats of arms. The coats of arms of Dalmatian lineages were treated by
Heyer von
Rosenfeld s
Wappenbuch des Konigrecihs
Dalmatien, a
capacious armorial of uneven quality and scope, Siebmach-
er s
Wappenbuch,
which along with descriptions of coats of arms also has historical and genealogical information
about certain lineages. However, this armorial of
Dalmaţia
is incomplete and contains numerous inaccuracies,
particularly about the lineages of
Dalmaţia,
which the author bases on the equally unreliable armorial of Buffalis.
Hence in a separate chapter, the pedigrees and family traditions created mainly in the 17th and 18th centuries are
subjected to critical examination; these traditions as a rule are not based on historical facts, particularly in the me¬
dieval period. Some of the pedigrees were composed on the foundation of fabricated family traditions about their
alleged origins, roots from Rome and
Salona
being quite frequently adduced.
The composition of the city Council and its demographic development is analysed according to a number of extant
lists of councillors from
1284
to
1773.
Although most of the lists are not complete, on the basis of data that are
available, a reconstruction of the Council for a given period has been made. Because of the significant differences
in the reception of new members, this several-century-long period is divided into three units: the period from the
foundation of the Council until its closure; the period from the closure until its re-opening
(1340-1659)
and the
period after its re-opening
(1659-
І
805).
357
Starting
from the 16th century, the authorities more frequently awarded patrician titles, a new patriciate was formed
in the revived city councils of
Nin
and
Skradin,
and nobilities from geographically fairly close areas also settled in
Dalmaţia
(most often from the areas of today
s
Italy and Greece). Since the nobility of
Dalmaţia
of the 17th and 18th
centuries has a very heterogeneous origin, and the titles of the nobility in the extant sources (except for the minutes
of the sessions of the patrician councils) is not uniform or reliable, the origin of nobility cannot be determined only
on the basis of surname and the most often incomplete and sometimes inaccurate title (many patricians were re¬
corded only with name and surname). In this period, several types of patriciate were relevant to the city or
Trogir
and/or its inhabitants. Most of the patricians were
Trogiran,
although families and lineages that did not live in the
town also belonged to the patriciate of
Trogir.
Similarly, the city was home to patricians from other Dalmatian citi¬
es and communes, of patricians who had Venetian state nobility and/or the nobility of some other sovereign states,
as well as bourgeois and artisan families of the same lineages, who themselves sometimes even acquired patrician
titles in their own or some other city. Hence the analysis of the Dalmatian patriciate and the patriciate in
Dalmaţia,
where patricians and commoners with the same surnames lived, as did the owners of various patrician titles, is
possibly only through a genealogical analysis of many sources. On the basis of information from the papers of the
notaries, from the parish registers, from wills, family archives and many other sources a genealogical data base of
the Dalmatian patriciate has been created that covers about
6500
marriages
-
the only category that in this period
was capable of ensuring the continuity of the patrician lineages. Through an analysis of this database with appro¬
priate software, demographic indicators were established, the genealogies of the patrician lineages composed, and
the
Trogiran
patricians and patricians in
Trogir
were identified.
During the three centuries in which the Council in
Trogir
was closed, its numbers were affected by exclusively
demographic parameters, which also indeed contributed essentially to the composition of the Council even after
it was re-opened. The
Trogir
patriciate was a relatively small class isolate and for any demographic analysis exact
information is required about the crucial events (birth, marriage and death). Relatively precise information is
available from the parish registers, the register of baptisms going back to
1569,
of deaths partially to
1609
and of
marriages only to
1702.
But these registers are not preserved in their entirety, and information about deceased in¬
fants are complete only from the mid-
1
8th century. Hence it is impossible to make a very precise analysis of natality
and mortality from this small sample, and analysis is additionally hampered by the fact that some of the patricians
in the state and military services frequently changed their residences, and the exact dates of their marriages, deaths
and the births of their children are not known. However, nuptiality indicators, although partially imprecise be¬
cause of the incompleteness of the data, show the special features of patrician marriages. Marriages of the patriciate
are analysed according to degree of nobility and age structure in the period from the 15th to the 18th century.
The continuity of a family in the male line (surname) and the coat of arms are the fundamental features of nobility,
which is actually proved by the pedigree. The surnames of the Dalmatian patrician lineages are among the oldest in
Europe (the surname of the
Trogiran
lineage
Cega
derives from
1264,
Vitturi from
1295,
and Cippico from
1308).
Most of the lineages took on a surname only during the 14th or
lő 1
century, and exceptionally in the 16th (Maz-
zarello). From the
16
century, they were mostly formed, although nicknames and inherited patronyms are still
occasionally met with as surnames. In the chapter concerning the anthroponymic features of the
Trogiran
nobility,
their surnames and forenames are analysed, particularly the way in which they were inherited.
Because of the relatively small number of sources for the Middle Ages, and the fact that some of the lines had al¬
ready become extinct without a surname ever having been created, these lineages are identified with a surnomial
(often patrinomial)
signifier
after the progenitor of the lineage. When Venetian government was established, the
lineages of the
Trogiran
patriciate-became easier to follow in detail, and, with respect to the period from
1420
to
1805,
the existence of
52 Trogiran
patrician lineages whose nobility was then either confirmed or acquired has
been genealogically defined. A critical review of
84
of the
130 Trogiran
patrician lineages stated in
Heyer von
Rosenfeld s armorial but not actually belonging to the aristocracy of
Trogir
is to be found in the annex.
Also in an annex are the patricians of lineages unknown in the medieval period, the personal names of the patri¬
ciate according to century, and several items related to the
Trogir
patriciate: a list of the nuns of the aristocratic
convent of
SS.
Nicholas and Peter, of clergy and religious deriving from the aristocratic lineages, a list of patricians
at Padua University, and a diagrammatic genealogical depiction of the inheritance of the settlement of the com¬
mune of
Trogir.
The officials of regional, municipal and ecclesiastical government are covered by a chronotaxy of
the providores-general of
Dalmaţia,
the headmen of
Trogir
and the bishops of
Trogir.
Sažetak
U knjizi su genealoški obrađeni rodovi trogirskoga plemstva od njegovih početaka do francuske uprave u Dalmaci¬
ji, koja je ukinula sva staleška tijela. Postupno staleško raslojavanje u dalmatinskim gradovima/komunama može se
pratiti od ranog srednjeg vijeka, a u
13.
stoljeću formiraju se gradska vijeća kao glavni centri komunalne vlasti. Iako
su tada vijećnici većinom potomci (sinovi ili unuci) uglednih i imućnih građana zabilježenih u ranijem razdoblju,
dio trogirskih građana osobno je primljen u Vijeće.
Otvorenost Vijeća za prijem novih članova iz građanskih redova ubrzo će u gotovo svim dalmatinskim komunama
biti zamijenjena njegovim zatvaranjem po uzoru na Vijeće u Veneciji (tzv.
serrata ).
Stoga u statutima većine dal¬
matinskih komuna iz prve polovice
14.
stoljeća postoji odredba prema kojoj članovi vijeća mogu biti samo sinovi i
unuci jednom izabranih vijećnika. Time se izdvaja plemstvo (gradski patricijat, vlastela), odnosno nasljedni stalež
koji postaje istovjetan
s
članstvom u Vijeću.
Zatvaranjem vijeća nastaju malobrojni staleški
izolaţi,
čija budućnost ovisi isključivo
о
demografskom razvoju
plemićkih rodova. Epidemije kuge, ratovi, utrnuća pojedinih plemićkih rodova i brojna izvanbračna djeca, koja
prema gradskim statutima nisu imala pravo na nasljedni plemićki naslov, pridonijeli su znatnom smanjenju broja
vijećnika sredinom
17.
stoljeća. Tada su plemići bili primorani promijeniti neke
statutarne
odredbe te nakon više
od tri stoljeća otvoriti vijeća, odnosno agregirati nove obitelji/rodove. Padom Venecije god.
1797.
u Dalmaciji je
uspostavljena austrijska vlast koja nije zadirala u gradska plemićka vijeća te su ona nastavila djelovati sve do uspo¬
stave francuske vlasti (god.
1805.),
koja je god.
1807.
ukinula sva staleška tijela u Dalmaciji.
Budući da plemićki naslov u dalmatinskim gradovima/komunama nasljeđuju samo zakoniti potomci u muškoj
lozi, jedina povijesna disciplina koja može egzaktno pratiti kretanje plemstva počevši od srednjeg vijeka, jest ge¬
nealogija. No, jedan od temeljnih problema povijesti stanovništva u srednjem vijeku jest nepostojanje prezimena
kojima su rodovi definirani u kasnijim razdobljima. Tadašnja se identifikacija osoba, svojstvena svim europskim
srednjovjekovnim izvorima, temelji na sustavu filijacije (osobno i očevo ime). Međutim, sustavnim istraživanjem
sačuvane građe u posljednje se vrijeme razvila zasebna disciplina
-
srednjovjekovna genealogija, koja rekonstruk¬
cijom rodoslovlja utvrđuje rodovsku pripadnost osoba zabilježenih ovim sustavom (ova su rodoslovlja podložna
relativno čestim dopunama i reviziji, posebice ako su genealoški zaključci ili pretpostavke temeljeni samo na jed¬
nom, ili nekoliko sačuvanih izvora).
Dalmatinski su plemići i građani sami odabirali grbove, koji su danas dijelom sačuvani u kamenu i rukopisima, ali i
u tiskanim grbovnicima. Grbove dalmatinskih rodova obrađuje
Heyer
v. Rosenfeldov
Wappenbuch des Königreichs
Dalmatien,
jedan tom opsežnoga grbovnika neujednačene kvalitete i opsega
-
Siebmacher s
Wappenbuch -
koji uz
opise grbova donosi povijesne i genealoške podatke
о
pojedinim rodovima. Međutim, ovaj je grbovnik Dalmacije
nepotpun i sadrži niz netočnih podataka, posebice
о
trogirskim rodovima, koje autor temelji na isto tako nepouz¬
danom Buffalisovu grbovniku.
Stoga su u posebnom poglavlju kritički analizirana rodoslovlja i obiteljske predaje, nastala pretežito u
17.
i
18.
sto¬
ljeću, koja najčešće nisu utemeljena na povijesnim činjenicama, posebice u srednjovjekovnom razdoblju. Dio tih
rodoslovlja sastavljen je na temelju izmišljenih obiteljskih predaja
о
njihovom navodnom podrijetlu, pri čemu se
nerijetko navode rimski i salonitanski korijeni.
Sastav gradskog Vijeća i njegov demografski razvoj analiziran je na temelju nekoliko sačuvanih popisa vijećnika od
god.
1284.
do
1773.
Iako većina popisa nije potpuna, na temelju dostupnih podataka napravljena je rekonstrukcija
Vijeća za pojedina razdoblja.
S
obzirom na znatne razlike u primanju novih članova, višestoljetno razdoblje podi¬
jeljeno je u tri cjeline: razdoblje od formiranja do zatvaranja vijeća, razdoblje od zatvaranja vijeća
(1340.-1659.)
te
razdoblje nakon njegova ponovnog otvaranja
(1659.-1805.).
Počevši od
16.
stoljeća državne vlasti češće dodjeljuju plemićke naslove, stvara se novo plemstvo u obnovljenim
slovljavanje plemića u sačuvanim izvorima (osim zapisnika sjednica plemićkih vije
podrijetlo nobiliteta ne može se utvrditi samo na temelju prezimena i najčešće nepotpunog, a katkad i netočnog
359
naslova (brojni plemići zabilježeni su samo imenom i prezimenom). U ovom se razdoblju i na grad Trogir i/ili
njegove stanovnike odnosi nekoliko tipova plemstva. Većina plemića jesu trogirski plemići, iako plemstvu Trogira
pripadaju i obitelji/rodovi koji ne žive u gradu. Isto tako, u gradu žive plemići drugih dalmatinskih gradova/komu¬
na, zatim plemići koji uživaju mletačko državno plemstvo i/ili plemstvo drugih suverenih država, ali i građanske ili
obrtničke grane istoimenih plemićkih rodova, koje su katkad i same stekle plemićke naslove u vlastitom, ili nekom
drugom gradu. Stoga je analiza dalmatinskoga plemstva i plemstva u Dalmaciji, gdje žive plemići i neplemići istog
prezimena, kao i nositelji različitih plemićkih naslova, moguća isključivo genealoškom analizom brojnih izvora.
Na temelju podataka iz notarskih spisa, matičnih knjiga, oporuka, obiteljskih arhiva i brojnih drugih izvora stvore¬
na je genealoška baza podataka dalmatinskoga plemstva koja obuhvaća oko
6500
brakova
-
jedine kategorije koja
je u promatranom razdoblju mogla osigurati kontinuitet plemićkih rodova. Analizom baze podataka
s
pomoću
odgovarajućih računalnih programa utvrđeni su demografski pokazatelji, sačinjene genealogije plemićkih rodova
te identificirani trogirski plemići i plemići u Trogiru.
Na brojnost Vijeća tijekom tri stoljeća njegove zatvorenosti isključivo su utjecali demografski parametri, koji su
i nakon njegova ponovnog otvaranja također znatno pridonosili sastavu Vijeća. Trogirsko plemstvo relativno je
mali staleški
izolat,
te su za njegovu demografsku analizu potrebni točni podaci
о
vitalnim događajima (rođenje,
vjenčanje, smrt). Relativno precizniji podaci dostupni su iz matičnih knjiga, od kojih su knjige krštenih sačuva¬
ne od god.
1569.,
knjige umrlih djelomično od god.
1609.,
a knjige vjenčanih tek od god.
1702.
No, ove matice
nisu cjelovito sačuvane, a podaci
о
umrloj djeci potpuni su tek od sredine
18.
stoljeća. Stoga se ne može napraviti
preciznija analiza nataliteta i mortaliteta ovog malog uzorka, koju dodatno otežava i činjenica da je dio plemića
u državnoj, a posebice vojnoj službi, često mijenjao mjesto stalnoga boravka, te točni datumi njihovih vjenčanja,
smrti i rođenja njihove djece nisu poznati. Međutim, pokazatelji nupcijaliteta, iako djelomično neprecizni zbog
nepotpunosti podataka, pokazuju posebnosti plemićkih brakova. Brakovi plemstva analizirani su prema nobilitetu
i dobnoj strukturi u razdoblju od
15.
do
18.
stoljeća.
Kontinuitet obitelji u muškoj lozi (prezime) i grb temeljna su obilježja plemstva, koje se rodoslovljem upravo i do¬
kazuje. Prezimena dalmatinskih plemićkih rodova među najstarijima su u Europi (prezime trogirskog roda
Cega
potječe iz god.
1264.,
Vitturi iz god.
1295,
a Cippico iz god.
1308.).
Većina rodova poprima prezime tijekom
14
i
15.
stoljeća te iznimno u
16.
stoljeću (Mazzarello). Od
16.
stoljeća ona su uglavnom formirana, iako se nadimci i na¬
sljedni
patronimi
još katkad javljaju u funkciji prezimena. U poglavlju
o antroponimijskim
obilježjima trogirskoga
plemstva analizirana su njihova prezimena i osobna imena, posebice način njihova nasljeđivanja.
S
obzirom na relativno mali broj izvora iz srednjovjekovnog razdoblja, te činjenicu da je dio rodova tada izumro
bez formiranog prezimena, ti su rodovi identificirani prezimenskom (najčešće patronimičkom) oznakom prema
rodonačelniku. Nakon uspostave mletačke vlasti rodove trogirskoga plemstva može se preciznije pratiti te je u
razdoblju od god.
1420.
do
1805.
genealoški definirano postojanje
52
trogirska plemićka roda čije je plemstvo tada
potvrđeno ili stečeno. Kritički prikaz
84
od
130
trogirskih plemićkih rodova koji su navedeni u
Heyer
v. Rosen-
feldovu grbovniku, a ne pripadaju trogirskom plemstvu, nalazi se u dodatku.
U dodatku su također navedeni plemići nepoznate rodovske pripadnosti u srednjovjekovnom razdoblju, osobna
imena plemstva prema stoljećima, te nekoliko priloga povezanih
s
trogirskim plemstvom: popis redovnica ple¬
mićkih samostana Sv. Nikole i Sv. Petra, svećenika i redovnika poteklih iz plemićkih rodova, popis plemića na
sveučilištu u Padovi, te shematski genealoški prikaz nasljedstva naselja trogirske općine. Dužnosnici regionalne,
gradske i crkvene vlasti obuhvaćeni su kronotaksom generalnih providura Dalmacije, trogirskih kneževa i trogir¬
skih biskupa.
360
|
| adam_txt |
Sadržaj:
Predgovor
l.Uvod
.7
2.
Izvori i metodologija
.9
3.
Kritička analiza grbovnika i rodoslovlja
. <. 25
4.
Gradsko Vijeće
.41
4.1.
Razdoblje od formiranja do zatvaranja Vijeća
(1340.).41
4.2.
Razdoblje od zatvaranja Vijeća
(1340.-1659.).47
4.3.
Razdoblje nakon ponovnog otvaranja Vijeća
(1659.-1805.).56
5.
Povijesna demografija trogirskoga plemstva
.67
5.1.
Prirodno i mehaničko kretanje
.68
5.2.
Natalitet
.70
5.3.
Nupcijalitet
.74
5.4.
Mortalitet
.91
6.
Povijesna antroponimija trogirskoga plemstva
.95
6.1.
Prezimena i nadimci
.,.95
6.2.
Osobna imena
.104
7.
Rodovi trogirskoga plemstva
.117
8.
Dodaci
.281
Dodatak
1.
Plemići nepoznate rodovske pripadnosti u srednjovjekovnom razdoblju
.281
Dodatak
2.
Redovnice samostana Sv. Nikole i Sv. Petra
.282
Dodatak
3.
Svećenici i redovnici iz trogirskih plemićkih rodova
.288
Dodatak
4.
Trogirski plemići na sveučilištu u Padovi
.292
Dodatak
5.
Osobna imena trogirskoga plemstva
.294
Dodatak
6.
Nasljedstvo naselja kopnenoga dijela trogirske općine (oko
1680.).301
Dodatak
7.
Trogirski kneževi do god.
1797.307
Dodatak
8.
Trogirski biskupi do god.
1805.312
Dodatak9. Generalni providuri Dalmacije od god.
1420.
dogod.
1797.315
Dodatak
10.
Rodovi iz
Heyer von
Rosenfeldova grbovnika koji ne pripadaju trogirskom plemstvu
.318
Kratice
.345
Izvori
.347
Neobjavljena građa
.347
Objavljena građa
.·.349
Enciklopedij
e
i priručnici
.350
Literatura
.351
Summary
.357
Sažetak
.359
361
Summary
This book deals genalogically with the lineages of the patriciate of
Trogir,
from their origins to the time of the
French rule in
Dalmaţia,
which did away with all estates. The gradual stratification into estates in Dalmatian cities
or communes can be tracked from the early Middle Ages, and in the 13th century, the formation of the city Councils
occurred, which became the main centres of power in the communes. Although then the councillors were mainly
the descendants, the sons and grandsons, of distinguished and prosperous citizens recorded in the earlier period,
some of the citizens of
Trogir
were accepted on their personal merits into the Council.
The receptivity of the Council to new members from the ranks of citizens was very soon, in almost all communes
in
Dalmaţia,
to be replaced by its closing-up, along the lines of the Council in Venice (the
Serrata).
Hence in the
statutes of most of the Dalmatian communes of the first half of the 14th century, there is usually some provision
according to which only the sons or grandsons of already elected members of the Council could be picked as coun¬
cillors. This led to the separation of the nobility (the urban patricians, henceforth the patriciate) from the other
classes, that is, to the creation of an inherited caste that became identical with membership of the Council.
The closing-up of the Council led to the creation of not very numerous isolated classes the future of which depend¬
ed entirely on the demographic development of the patrician families. Plague epidemics, wars, the extinction of
many of the families and on the other hand the plethora of bastards who were not allowed to inherit the patrician
titles led to an important reduction in the number of councillors during the mid-17th century. Then the patricians
were forced to alter some of the provisions of the statutes and, after three centuries, to open up the councils, that
is, to bring in new families. When Venice fell in
1797,
Austrian rule was established in
Dalmaţia,
but this did not
impinge on the councils of the urban patriciates, and they went on working until the coming of French government
(1805),
which in
1807
abolished all the bodies of the estates in
Dalmaţia.
Since the patrician titles in the Dalmatian cities or communes could be inherited only by legitimate male heirs, the
only historical discipline that can exactly track the movements in the patriciate starting from the medieval period
is genealogy. But one of the fundamental problems of the history of the population in the Middle Ages is the ab¬
sence of the surnames by which families were defined in later periods. The identification of persons at that time,
typical to all European medieval sources, is based on the filiation system (personal name and patronym). However,
systematic investigation into the extant material has in recent times led to the development of a distinctive disci¬
pline, that of medieval genealogy, which through a reconstruction of pedigrees is able to determine the lineage of
the persons recorded in this system (these pedigrees are subject to relatively frequent additions and revisions, es¬
pecially if they are genealogical conclusions or hypotheses based on just a single or a handful of extant sources).
The Dalmatian patricians and citizens chose their own coats of arms, today preserved in stone or in manuscript,
as well as in printed books of coats of arms. The coats of arms of Dalmatian lineages were treated by
Heyer von
Rosenfeld's
Wappenbuch des Konigrecihs
Dalmatien, a
capacious armorial of uneven quality and scope, Siebmach-
er's
Wappenbuch,
which along with descriptions of coats of arms also has historical and genealogical information
about certain lineages. However, this armorial of
Dalmaţia
is incomplete and contains numerous inaccuracies,
particularly about the lineages of
Dalmaţia,
which the author bases on the equally unreliable armorial of Buffalis.
Hence in a separate chapter, the pedigrees and family traditions created mainly in the 17th and 18th centuries are
subjected to critical examination; these traditions as a rule are not based on historical facts, particularly in the me¬
dieval period. Some of the pedigrees were composed on the foundation of fabricated family traditions about their
alleged origins, roots from Rome and
Salona
being quite frequently adduced.
The composition of the city Council and its demographic development is analysed according to a number of extant
lists of councillors from
1284
to
1773.
Although most of the lists are not complete, on the basis of data that are
available, a reconstruction of the Council for a given period has been made. Because of the significant differences
in the reception of new members, this several-century-long period is divided into three units: the period from the
foundation of the Council until its closure; the period from the closure until its re-opening
(1340-1659)
and the
period after its re-opening
(1659-
І
805).
357
Starting
from the 16th century, the authorities more frequently awarded patrician titles, a new patriciate was formed
in the revived city councils of
Nin
and
Skradin,
and nobilities from geographically fairly close areas also settled in
Dalmaţia
(most often from the areas of today
s
Italy and Greece). Since the nobility of
Dalmaţia
of the 17th and 18th
centuries has a very heterogeneous origin, and the titles of the nobility in the extant sources (except for the minutes
of the sessions of the patrician councils) is not uniform or reliable, the origin of nobility cannot be determined only
on the basis of surname and the most often incomplete and sometimes inaccurate title (many patricians were re¬
corded only with name and surname). In this period, several types of patriciate were relevant to the city or
Trogir
and/or its inhabitants. Most of the patricians were
Trogiran,
although families and lineages that did not live in the
town also belonged to the patriciate of
Trogir.
Similarly, the city was home to patricians from other Dalmatian citi¬
es and communes, of patricians who had Venetian state nobility and/or the nobility of some other sovereign states,
as well as bourgeois and artisan families of the same lineages, who themselves sometimes even acquired patrician
titles in their own or some other city. Hence the analysis of the Dalmatian patriciate and the patriciate in
Dalmaţia,
where patricians and commoners with the same surnames lived, as did the owners of various patrician titles, is
possibly only through a genealogical analysis of many sources. On the basis of information from the papers of the
notaries, from the parish registers, from wills, family archives and many other sources a genealogical data base of
the Dalmatian patriciate has been created that covers about
6500
marriages
-
the only category that in this period
was capable of ensuring the continuity of the patrician lineages. Through an analysis of this database with appro¬
priate software, demographic indicators were established, the genealogies of the patrician lineages composed, and
the
Trogiran
patricians and patricians in
Trogir
were identified.
During the three centuries in which the Council in
Trogir
was closed, its numbers were affected by exclusively
demographic parameters, which also indeed contributed essentially to the composition of the Council even after
it was re-opened. The
Trogir
patriciate was a relatively small class isolate and for any demographic analysis exact
information is required about the crucial events (birth, marriage and death). Relatively precise information is
available from the parish registers, the register of baptisms going back to
1569,
of deaths partially to
1609
and of
marriages only to
1702.
But these registers are not preserved in their entirety, and information about deceased in¬
fants are complete only from the mid-
1
8th century. Hence it is impossible to make a very precise analysis of natality
and mortality from this small sample, and analysis is additionally hampered by the fact that some of the patricians
in the state and military services frequently changed their residences, and the exact dates of their marriages, deaths
and the births of their children are not known. However, nuptiality indicators, although partially imprecise be¬
cause of the incompleteness of the data, show the special features of patrician marriages. Marriages of the patriciate
are analysed according to degree of nobility and age structure in the period from the 15th to the 18th century.
The continuity of a family in the male line (surname) and the coat of arms are the fundamental features of nobility,
which is actually proved by the pedigree. The surnames of the Dalmatian patrician lineages are among the oldest in
Europe (the surname of the
Trogiran
lineage
Cega
derives from
1264,
Vitturi from
1295,
and Cippico from
1308).
Most of the lineages took on a surname only during the 14th or
lő"1
century, and exceptionally in the 16th (Maz-
zarello). From the
16"'
century, they were mostly formed, although nicknames and inherited patronyms are still
occasionally met with as surnames. In the chapter concerning the anthroponymic features of the
Trogiran
nobility,
their surnames and forenames are analysed, particularly the way in which they were inherited.
Because of the relatively small number of sources for the Middle Ages, and the fact that some of the lines had al¬
ready become extinct without a surname ever having been created, these lineages are identified with a surnomial
(often patrinomial)
signifier
after the progenitor of the lineage. When Venetian government was established, the
lineages of the
Trogiran
patriciate-became easier to follow in detail, and, with respect to the period from
1420
to
1805,
the existence of
52 Trogiran
patrician lineages whose nobility was then either confirmed or acquired has
been genealogically defined. A critical review of
84
of the
130 Trogiran
"patrician" lineages stated in
Heyer von
Rosenfeld's armorial but not actually belonging to the aristocracy of
Trogir
is to be found in the annex.
Also in an annex are the patricians of lineages unknown in the medieval period, the personal names of the patri¬
ciate according to century, and several items related to the
Trogir
patriciate: a list of the nuns of the aristocratic
convent of
SS.
Nicholas and Peter, of clergy and religious deriving from the aristocratic lineages, a list of patricians
at Padua University, and a diagrammatic genealogical depiction of the inheritance of the settlement of the com¬
mune of
Trogir.
The officials of regional, municipal and ecclesiastical government are covered by a chronotaxy of
the providores-general of
Dalmaţia,
the headmen of
Trogir
and the bishops of
Trogir.
Sažetak
U knjizi su genealoški obrađeni rodovi trogirskoga plemstva od njegovih početaka do francuske uprave u Dalmaci¬
ji, koja je ukinula sva staleška tijela. Postupno staleško raslojavanje u dalmatinskim gradovima/komunama može se
pratiti od ranog srednjeg vijeka, a u
13.
stoljeću formiraju se gradska vijeća kao glavni centri komunalne vlasti. Iako
su tada vijećnici većinom potomci (sinovi ili unuci) uglednih i imućnih građana zabilježenih u ranijem razdoblju,
dio trogirskih građana osobno je primljen u Vijeće.
Otvorenost Vijeća za prijem novih članova iz građanskih redova ubrzo će u gotovo svim dalmatinskim komunama
biti zamijenjena njegovim zatvaranjem po uzoru na Vijeće u Veneciji (tzv.
"serrata").
Stoga u statutima većine dal¬
matinskih komuna iz prve polovice
14.
stoljeća postoji odredba prema kojoj članovi vijeća mogu biti samo sinovi i
unuci jednom izabranih vijećnika. Time se izdvaja plemstvo (gradski patricijat, vlastela), odnosno nasljedni stalež
koji postaje istovjetan
s
članstvom u Vijeću.
Zatvaranjem vijeća nastaju malobrojni staleški
izolaţi,
čija budućnost ovisi isključivo
о
demografskom razvoju
plemićkih rodova. Epidemije kuge, ratovi, utrnuća pojedinih plemićkih rodova i brojna izvanbračna djeca, koja
prema gradskim statutima nisu imala pravo na nasljedni plemićki naslov, pridonijeli su znatnom smanjenju broja
vijećnika sredinom
17.
stoljeća. Tada su plemići bili primorani promijeniti neke
statutarne
odredbe te nakon više
od tri stoljeća "otvoriti" vijeća, odnosno agregirati nove obitelji/rodove. Padom Venecije god.
1797.
u Dalmaciji je
uspostavljena austrijska vlast koja nije zadirala u gradska plemićka vijeća te su ona nastavila djelovati sve do uspo¬
stave francuske vlasti (god.
1805.),
koja je god.
1807.
ukinula sva staleška tijela u Dalmaciji.
Budući da plemićki naslov u dalmatinskim gradovima/komunama nasljeđuju samo zakoniti potomci u muškoj
lozi, jedina povijesna disciplina koja može egzaktno pratiti kretanje plemstva počevši od srednjeg vijeka, jest ge¬
nealogija. No, jedan od temeljnih problema povijesti stanovništva u srednjem vijeku jest nepostojanje prezimena
kojima su rodovi definirani u kasnijim razdobljima. Tadašnja se identifikacija osoba, svojstvena svim europskim
srednjovjekovnim izvorima, temelji na sustavu filijacije (osobno i očevo ime). Međutim, sustavnim istraživanjem
sačuvane građe u posljednje se vrijeme razvila zasebna disciplina
-
srednjovjekovna genealogija, koja rekonstruk¬
cijom rodoslovlja utvrđuje rodovsku pripadnost osoba zabilježenih ovim sustavom (ova su rodoslovlja podložna
relativno čestim dopunama i reviziji, posebice ako su genealoški zaključci ili pretpostavke temeljeni samo na jed¬
nom, ili nekoliko sačuvanih izvora).
Dalmatinski su plemići i građani sami odabirali grbove, koji su danas dijelom sačuvani u kamenu i rukopisima, ali i
u tiskanim grbovnicima. Grbove dalmatinskih rodova obrađuje
Heyer
v. Rosenfeldov
Wappenbuch des Königreichs
Dalmatien,
jedan tom opsežnoga grbovnika neujednačene kvalitete i opsega
-
Siebmacher's
Wappenbuch -
koji uz
opise grbova donosi povijesne i genealoške podatke
о
pojedinim rodovima. Međutim, ovaj je grbovnik Dalmacije
nepotpun i sadrži niz netočnih podataka, posebice
о
trogirskim rodovima, koje autor temelji na isto tako nepouz¬
danom Buffalisovu grbovniku.
Stoga su u posebnom poglavlju kritički analizirana rodoslovlja i obiteljske predaje, nastala pretežito u
17.
i
18.
sto¬
ljeću, koja najčešće nisu utemeljena na povijesnim činjenicama, posebice u srednjovjekovnom razdoblju. Dio tih
rodoslovlja sastavljen je na temelju izmišljenih obiteljskih predaja
о
njihovom navodnom podrijetlu, pri čemu se
nerijetko navode rimski i salonitanski korijeni.
Sastav gradskog Vijeća i njegov demografski razvoj analiziran je na temelju nekoliko sačuvanih popisa vijećnika od
god.
1284.
do
1773.
Iako većina popisa nije potpuna, na temelju dostupnih podataka napravljena je rekonstrukcija
Vijeća za pojedina razdoblja.
S
obzirom na znatne razlike u primanju novih članova, višestoljetno razdoblje podi¬
jeljeno je u tri cjeline: razdoblje od formiranja do zatvaranja vijeća, razdoblje od zatvaranja vijeća
(1340.-1659.)
te
razdoblje nakon njegova ponovnog otvaranja
(1659.-1805.).
Počevši od
16.
stoljeća državne vlasti češće dodjeljuju plemićke naslove, stvara se novo plemstvo u obnovljenim
slovljavanje plemića u sačuvanim izvorima (osim zapisnika sjednica plemićkih vije
podrijetlo nobiliteta ne može se utvrditi samo na temelju prezimena i najčešće nepotpunog, a katkad i netočnog
359
naslova (brojni plemići zabilježeni su samo imenom i prezimenom). U ovom se razdoblju i na grad Trogir i/ili
njegove stanovnike odnosi nekoliko tipova plemstva. Većina plemića jesu trogirski plemići, iako plemstvu Trogira
pripadaju i obitelji/rodovi koji ne žive u gradu. Isto tako, u gradu žive plemići drugih dalmatinskih gradova/komu¬
na, zatim plemići koji uživaju mletačko državno plemstvo i/ili plemstvo drugih suverenih država, ali i građanske ili
obrtničke grane istoimenih plemićkih rodova, koje su katkad i same stekle plemićke naslove u vlastitom, ili nekom
drugom gradu. Stoga je analiza dalmatinskoga plemstva i plemstva u Dalmaciji, gdje žive plemići i neplemići istog
prezimena, kao i nositelji različitih plemićkih naslova, moguća isključivo genealoškom analizom brojnih izvora.
Na temelju podataka iz notarskih spisa, matičnih knjiga, oporuka, obiteljskih arhiva i brojnih drugih izvora stvore¬
na je genealoška baza podataka dalmatinskoga plemstva koja obuhvaća oko
6500
brakova
-
jedine kategorije koja
je u promatranom razdoblju mogla osigurati kontinuitet plemićkih rodova. Analizom baze podataka
s
pomoću
odgovarajućih računalnih programa utvrđeni su demografski pokazatelji, sačinjene genealogije plemićkih rodova
te identificirani trogirski plemići i plemići u Trogiru.
Na brojnost Vijeća tijekom tri stoljeća njegove zatvorenosti isključivo su utjecali demografski parametri, koji su
i nakon njegova ponovnog otvaranja također znatno pridonosili sastavu Vijeća. Trogirsko plemstvo relativno je
mali staleški
izolat,
te su za njegovu demografsku analizu potrebni točni podaci
о
vitalnim događajima (rođenje,
vjenčanje, smrt). Relativno precizniji podaci dostupni su iz matičnih knjiga, od kojih su knjige krštenih sačuva¬
ne od god.
1569.,
knjige umrlih djelomično od god.
1609.,
a knjige vjenčanih tek od god.
1702.
No, ove matice
nisu cjelovito sačuvane, a podaci
о
umrloj djeci potpuni su tek od sredine
18.
stoljeća. Stoga se ne može napraviti
preciznija analiza nataliteta i mortaliteta ovog malog uzorka, koju dodatno otežava i činjenica da je dio plemića
u državnoj, a posebice vojnoj službi, često mijenjao mjesto stalnoga boravka, te točni datumi njihovih vjenčanja,
smrti i rođenja njihove djece nisu poznati. Međutim, pokazatelji nupcijaliteta, iako djelomično neprecizni zbog
nepotpunosti podataka, pokazuju posebnosti plemićkih brakova. Brakovi plemstva analizirani su prema nobilitetu
i dobnoj strukturi u razdoblju od
15.
do
18.
stoljeća.
Kontinuitet obitelji u muškoj lozi (prezime) i grb temeljna su obilježja plemstva, koje se rodoslovljem upravo i do¬
kazuje. Prezimena dalmatinskih plemićkih rodova među najstarijima su u Europi (prezime trogirskog roda
Cega
potječe iz god.
1264.,
Vitturi iz god.
1295,
a Cippico iz god.
1308.).
Većina rodova poprima prezime tijekom
14
i
15.
stoljeća te iznimno u
16.
stoljeću (Mazzarello). Od
16.
stoljeća ona su uglavnom formirana, iako se nadimci i na¬
sljedni
patronimi
još katkad javljaju u funkciji prezimena. U poglavlju
o antroponimijskim
obilježjima trogirskoga
plemstva analizirana su njihova prezimena i osobna imena, posebice način njihova nasljeđivanja.
S
obzirom na relativno mali broj izvora iz srednjovjekovnog razdoblja, te činjenicu da je dio rodova tada izumro
bez formiranog prezimena, ti su rodovi identificirani prezimenskom (najčešće patronimičkom) oznakom prema
rodonačelniku. Nakon uspostave mletačke vlasti rodove trogirskoga plemstva može se preciznije pratiti te je u
razdoblju od god.
1420.
do
1805.
genealoški definirano postojanje
52
trogirska plemićka roda čije je plemstvo tada
potvrđeno ili stečeno. Kritički prikaz
84
od
130
trogirskih "plemićkih" rodova koji su navedeni u
Heyer
v. Rosen-
feldovu grbovniku, a ne pripadaju trogirskom plemstvu, nalazi se u dodatku.
U dodatku su također navedeni plemići nepoznate rodovske pripadnosti u srednjovjekovnom razdoblju, osobna
imena plemstva prema stoljećima, te nekoliko priloga povezanih
s
trogirskim plemstvom: popis redovnica ple¬
mićkih samostana Sv. Nikole i Sv. Petra, svećenika i redovnika poteklih iz plemićkih rodova, popis plemića na
sveučilištu u Padovi, te shematski genealoški prikaz nasljedstva naselja trogirske općine. Dužnosnici regionalne,
gradske i crkvene vlasti obuhvaćeni su kronotaksom generalnih providura Dalmacije, trogirskih kneževa i trogir¬
skih biskupa.
360 |
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| author | Andreis, Mladen |
| author_facet | Andreis, Mladen |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022447748 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)160227982 (DE-599)BVBBV022447748 |
| era | Geschichte 1340-1805 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1340-1805 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Trogir (DE-588)4449181-5 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Trogir |
| id | DE-604.BV022447748 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:35:11Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:57:48Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9539783038 |
| language | Croatian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015655688 |
| oclc_num | 160227982 |
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| owner | DE-12 DE-Y2 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-Y2 |
| physical | 361 S. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Muzej Grada Trogira |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Andreis, Mladen Verfasser aut Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) Mladen Andreis Trogir Muzej Grada Trogira 2006 361 S. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte 1340-1805 gnd rswk-swf Adelsfamilie (DE-588)4205558-1 gnd rswk-swf Trogir (DE-588)4449181-5 gnd rswk-swf Trogir (DE-588)4449181-5 g Adelsfamilie (DE-588)4205558-1 s Geschichte 1340-1805 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655688&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655688&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Andreis, Mladen Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) Adelsfamilie (DE-588)4205558-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4205558-1 (DE-588)4449181-5 |
| title | Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) |
| title_auth | Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) |
| title_exact_search | Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) |
| title_full | Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) Mladen Andreis |
| title_fullStr | Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) Mladen Andreis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) Mladen Andreis |
| title_short | Trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u Dalmaciji (1805.) |
| title_sort | trogirsko plemstvo do kraja prve austrijske uprave u dalmaciji 1805 |
| topic | Adelsfamilie (DE-588)4205558-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Adelsfamilie Trogir |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655688&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015655688&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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