Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Warszawa
Wydawn. Neriton
2006
|
| Edition: | Wyd. 1. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Abstract |
| Item Description: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Polish Army in 1918-1921 |
| Physical Description: | 528 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 8389729563 |
Staff View
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| adam_text | POLISH ARMY IN
Abstract
The Polish Army of the years
complex external and internal conditions. The army was being created after the period
of
occasionally. It was being created in the circumstances of necessity that required fight¬
ing numerous wars, uprisings and military conflicts for the frontiers of the reborn
country. From this reason its history in the analysed period should be seen through the
prism of establishing and formation of its organisational structures, quantitative devel¬
opment, shaping of officers corps, military training, but also through the military effort
on the various front lines of wars waged at the time.
The present book attempts to portray the complexity of the army history in the years
1918-1921,
a peace footing. It has been demonstrated that the Polish army had began its organisa¬
tion even before the Polish state regained its formal independence, since its formation
started in early October,
Regency Council which wanted to wipe off the odium of previous dependence on the
Central Powers. Its decisions began, at least in the form of legal acts, the process of
formation of the Polish Army independent from the Germans. On these legal acts was
based the formation of the armed forces also in the independent Polish state.
The Polish Army greatly expanded in number in the years of
as in November
number of its soldiers amounted to almost one million. The Polish people, impover¬
ished and devastated by the war, were unable to support such a big army and for this
reason after the end of the Polish-Soviet war began the process of demobilisation and
its reduction to a peace footing. This required the reduction of the army to the level
below one third of its greatest number.
The characteristic feature of the Polish Army of the analysed period was its trans¬
formation from the voluntary forces to compulsory conscription mobilising almost all
Polish human and material resources at the time. The formation of this army was the
process of establishing both its central organs and organisational structures, espe¬
cially operational forces, with the parallel practice of their continuous modification
and adaptation to the needs and capabilities. The author has demonstrated that the
formation of these military forces was conducted with the purpose of creation of the
national army composed of the soldiers aware of the aims of the war. Hence a great
Abstract
importance
did not avoid making use of propaganda or indoctrination.
lhe
a minor step was made towards the establishment of the own organisational patterns
of the military structures, training methods of the forces and principles of the art of
war. It was a period of fierce armed struggles with no time for preparation in these
spheres of military activities in detail. It was the army based on fairly outdated military re¬
sources, often surplus army equipment from the World War I, weapons and equipment
taken over from the occupational armies or as a war booty. The main force or, using
the terminology of the time, the main arm, was infantry. The main arms also included
cavalry and artillery. The air force and armour were developed only slightly. The navy,
in the form of river fleets, was insignificant. The supply of the army was based on horse
traction. The army suffered the chronic shortage of equipment, especially of uniforms,
underwear and shoes as well as board and forage, which influenced its combat capacity,
although since the victorious battle on the outskirts of Warsaw the combat ability of the
Polish armed forces was surprisingly high, much superior to the ability of its enemy. The
major problem was military training of the soldiers, both the commanding cadre and
the draftees. From the spring to the autumn of
The formation of such a great army and its constant fights required a huge effort
from the country with ruined economy. The army budget in the summer and autumn
of
effort exceeding the possibilities of Poland; hence the necessity
the symptoms of chances for ending the warfare
concerning significant demobilisation of the army and then its implementation for the
purposes of its existence in time of peace. These issues are the main subject of the last
chapter of the present study. Before its reduction the army had greatly and dynami¬
cally expanded in number, which required to turn to the foreign sources of equipment
and armament. The greatest contribution was made by France which, apart from ma¬
terial supplies granted through the financial credit, sent to Poland the thousand-strong
French Military Mission to organise the structures of the Polish Army as well as ar¬
range and conduct the military training of the soldiers. According to the ascertainment
of the facts, this support was followed by French political demands, including those
pertaining to the domestic affairs both of the state and army. The material aid for
Poland trying single-handedly to hold back the wave of Bolshevisation of Europe was
on the part of other European countries almost non-existent, and in the case of Great
Britain was restricted by political demands impossible to meet.
The activities of the Polish Army in
various fronts, and for this reason the military effort of the army has been presented
in a very concise form. It is depicted in chronological order of the fights. These in¬
cluded the war in Eastern
in
February
Silesian Uprisings
sented the Polish-Soviet war due to the scale of military involvement of the Polish
Army and its significance for the independence and sovereignty of Poland.
496
The wars and military conflicts gave to the Polish armed forces the experiences
from the sphere of the art of war. They were very valuable as previously the Polish
soldiers had had no such experiences. However, as the author reveals, they were not
always properly interpreted and to a certain extend they would have a negative impact
on the history of the Polish Army in peace time, its art of warfare and war doctrine.
The book is based on the source materials, including archival ones, and broad
literature on the subject, including comprehensive studies and contributory texts. The
main bulk of the archival material used by the author is preserved in the Central
Military Archives in
of New Records in Warsaw and in the Centre for Preservation of Historico-Documen-
tary Collections (Tsentr khraneniia istoriko-dokumental nykh kollektsii) in Moscow,
in the so-called Polish
viet War of
Military Archive (Rossiiskii Gosudarstvenni Voennyi Arkhiv). Of special importance
for the described events are the published sources, including not only above-mentioned
publications on the most important operations against the Red Army, but also pertain¬
ing to the history of individual arms and services.
The Polish military literature includes a great number of studies on the history of
the Polish Army of
institutions and its individual arms and services; in general they encompass all interwar
years as weE as selected periods of functioning of the armed forces. The analysed pe¬
riod of the operating of the Polish Army has been most fully presented by Prof.
Mieczysław
included certain components important for the development of this army. The pre¬
sented subject matter should be also enriched with new relevant source ascertainment
and the recent military historiography.
An abundance of source material and literature on the subject, mainly contributory
publications, forced the author to select them carefully, verify and synthesise the ana¬
lysed matter. It has also influenced the way of material presentation, as the content of
the book is structured according to the chronology and examined problems. Thus there
are presented in turn the following issues: Genesis of the reborn army; Geostrategic
location of Poland; Organisation of the central military authorities and its changes;
Process of the army formation and establishing of its structures; Regular cadre; Weap¬
onry and equipment of the army; Types of arms, forces and services; Military training
of the armed forces; Educational and propaganda activities; External relations
alliances; Military actions in Eastern
ticipation in the uprising; Fights in
Polish-Lithuanian struggles; Silesian Uprising; Art of warfare; Demobilisation of the
army and its transition to peace footing.
The present book is addressed not only to the historians-professionals, although for
them it will hopefully be worthy of note, but also to the readers interested in the mod¬
ern history of Poland, especially for the enthusiasts of the Polish Army of the Second
Polish Republic. It is also directed to students, in particular
students, to whom the author feels always closely bound.
|
| adam_txt |
POLISH ARMY IN
Abstract
The Polish Army of the years
complex external and internal conditions. The army was being created after the period
of
occasionally. It was being created in the circumstances of necessity that required fight¬
ing numerous wars, uprisings and military conflicts for the frontiers of the reborn
country. From this reason its history in the analysed period should be seen through the
prism of establishing and formation of its organisational structures, quantitative devel¬
opment, shaping of officers' corps, military training, but also through the military effort
on the various front lines of wars waged at the time.
The present book attempts to portray the complexity of the army history in the years
1918-1921,
a peace footing. It has been demonstrated that the Polish army had began its organisa¬
tion even before the Polish state regained its formal independence, since its formation
started in early October,
Regency Council which wanted to wipe off the odium of previous dependence on the
Central Powers. Its decisions began, at least in the form of legal acts, the process of
formation of the Polish Army independent from the Germans. On these legal acts was
based the formation of the armed forces also in the independent Polish state.
The Polish Army greatly expanded in number in the years of
as in November
number of its soldiers amounted to almost one million. The Polish people, impover¬
ished and devastated by the war, were unable to support such a big army and for this
reason after the end of the Polish-Soviet war began the process of demobilisation and
its reduction to a peace footing. This required the reduction of the army to the level
below one third of its greatest number.
The characteristic feature of the Polish Army of the analysed period was its trans¬
formation from the voluntary forces to compulsory conscription mobilising almost all
Polish human and material resources at the time. The formation of this army was the
process of establishing both its central organs and organisational structures, espe¬
cially operational forces, with the parallel practice of their continuous modification
and adaptation to the needs and capabilities. The author has demonstrated that the
formation of these military forces was conducted with the purpose of creation of the
national army composed of the soldiers aware of the aims of the war. Hence a great
Abstract
importance
did not avoid making use of propaganda or indoctrination.
lhe
a minor step was made towards the establishment of the own organisational patterns
of the military structures, training methods of the forces and principles of the art of
war. It was a period of fierce armed struggles with no time for preparation in these
spheres of military activities in detail. It was the army based on fairly outdated military re¬
sources, often surplus army equipment from the World War I, weapons and equipment
taken over from the occupational armies or as a war booty. The main force or, using
the terminology of the time, the main arm, was infantry. The main arms also included
cavalry and artillery. The air force and armour were developed only slightly. The navy,
in the form of river fleets, was insignificant. The supply of the army was based on horse
traction. The army suffered the chronic shortage of equipment, especially of uniforms,
underwear and shoes as well as board and forage, which influenced its combat capacity,
although since the victorious battle on the outskirts of Warsaw the combat ability of the
Polish armed forces was surprisingly high, much superior to the ability of its enemy. The
major problem was military training of the soldiers, both the commanding cadre and
the draftees. From the spring to the autumn of
The formation of such a great army and its constant fights required a huge effort
from the country with ruined economy. The army budget in the summer and autumn
of
effort exceeding the possibilities of Poland; hence the necessity
the symptoms of chances for ending the warfare
concerning significant demobilisation of the army and then its implementation for the
purposes of its existence in time of peace. These issues are the main subject of the last
chapter of the present study. Before its reduction the army had greatly and dynami¬
cally expanded in number, which required to turn to the foreign sources of equipment
and armament. The greatest contribution was made by France which, apart from ma¬
terial supplies granted through the financial credit, sent to Poland the thousand-strong
French Military Mission to organise the structures of the Polish Army as well as ar¬
range and conduct the military training of the soldiers. According to the ascertainment
of the facts, this support was followed by French political demands, including those
pertaining to the domestic affairs both of the state and army. The material aid for
Poland trying single-handedly to hold back the wave of Bolshevisation of Europe was
on the part of other European countries almost non-existent, and in the case of Great
Britain was restricted by political demands impossible to meet.
The activities of the Polish Army in
various fronts, and for this reason the military effort of the army has been presented
in a very concise form. It is depicted in chronological order of the fights. These in¬
cluded the war in Eastern
in
February
Silesian Uprisings
sented the Polish-Soviet war due to the scale of military involvement of the Polish
Army and its significance for the independence and sovereignty of Poland.
496
The wars and military conflicts gave to the Polish armed forces the experiences
from the sphere of the art of war. They were very valuable as previously the Polish
soldiers had had no such experiences. However, as the author reveals, they were not
always properly interpreted and to a certain extend they would have a negative impact
on the history of the Polish Army in peace time, its art of warfare and war doctrine.
The book is based on the source materials, including archival ones, and broad
literature on the subject, including comprehensive studies and contributory texts. The
main bulk of the archival material used by the author is preserved in the Central
Military Archives in
of New Records in Warsaw and in the Centre for Preservation of Historico-Documen-
tary Collections (Tsentr khraneniia istoriko-dokumental'nykh kollektsii) in Moscow,
in the so-called 'Polish
viet War of
Military Archive (Rossiiskii Gosudarstvenni Voennyi Arkhiv). Of special importance
for the described events are the published sources, including not only above-mentioned
publications on the most important operations against the Red Army, but also pertain¬
ing to the history of individual arms and services.
The Polish military literature includes a great number of studies on the history of
the Polish Army of
institutions and its individual arms and services; in general they encompass all interwar
years as weE as selected periods of functioning of the armed forces. The analysed pe¬
riod of the operating of the Polish Army has been most fully presented by Prof.
Mieczysław
included certain components important for the development of this army. The pre¬
sented subject matter should be also enriched with new relevant source ascertainment
and the recent military historiography.
An abundance of source material and literature on the subject, mainly contributory
publications, forced the author to select them carefully, verify and synthesise the ana¬
lysed matter. It has also influenced the way of material presentation, as the content of
the book is structured according to the chronology and examined problems. Thus there
are presented in turn the following issues: Genesis of the reborn army; Geostrategic
location of Poland; Organisation of the central military authorities and its changes;
Process of the army formation and establishing of its structures; Regular cadre; Weap¬
onry and equipment of the army; Types of arms, forces and services; Military training
of the armed forces; Educational and propaganda activities; External relations
alliances; Military actions in Eastern
ticipation in the uprising; Fights in
Polish-Lithuanian struggles; Silesian Uprising; Art of warfare; Demobilisation of the
army and its transition to peace footing.
The present book is addressed not only to the historians-professionals, although for
them it will hopefully be worthy of note, but also to the readers interested in the mod¬
ern history of Poland, especially for the enthusiasts of the Polish Army of the Second
Polish Republic. It is also directed to students, in particular
students, to whom the author feels always closely bound. |
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| id | DE-604.BV022444164 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T17:33:47Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:57:43Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 8389729563 |
| language | Polish |
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| publishDate | 2006 |
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| publisher | Wydawn. Neriton |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Wyszczelski, Lech 1942- Verfasser (DE-588)103293345 aut Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 Lech Wyszczelski Wyd. 1. Warszawa Wydawn. Neriton 2006 528 S. Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: Polish Army in 1918-1921 Polska - Wojsko Polskie (1918-1939) jhpk Poland. Wojsko Polskie History 20th century Geschichte 1900-2000 Geschichte 1918-1921 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd rswk-swf Polska - 1918-1921 (Wojny o granice) jhpk Polska - historia wojskowa - 1900-1945 jhpk Polen Poland History, Military 1918- Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd rswk-swf Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 g Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 s Geschichte 1918-1921 z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015652172&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Wyszczelski, Lech 1942- Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 Polska - Wojsko Polskie (1918-1939) jhpk Poland. Wojsko Polskie History 20th century Geschichte Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4039305-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 |
| title_auth | Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 |
| title_exact_search | Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 |
| title_full | Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 Lech Wyszczelski |
| title_fullStr | Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 Lech Wyszczelski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 Lech Wyszczelski |
| title_short | Wojsko Polskie w latach 1918 - 1921 |
| title_sort | wojsko polskie w latach 1918 1921 |
| topic | Polska - Wojsko Polskie (1918-1939) jhpk Poland. Wojsko Polskie History 20th century Geschichte Militär (DE-588)4039305-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Polska - Wojsko Polskie (1918-1939) Poland. Wojsko Polskie History 20th century Geschichte Militär Polska - 1918-1921 (Wojny o granice) Polska - historia wojskowa - 1900-1945 Polen Poland History, Military 1918- |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015652172&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT wyszczelskilech wojskopolskiewlatach19181921 |