Holdings: Formalizing medieval logical theories

Formalizing medieval logical theories: Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author:	Dutilh Novaes, Catarina 1976- (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Dordrecht Springer 2007
Series:	Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 7
Subjects:	Geschichte 500-1500 Formalization (Philosophy) Logic, Medieval Formalisierung Logik
Online Access:	Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis
Physical Description:	XII, 314 S. graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9781402058523 1402058527 9781402058530

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adam_text	CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART 1 SUPPOSITION THEORY: ALGORITHMIC HERMENEUTICS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 THEORIES ON THEORIES OF SUPPOSITION 1.1.1 TWO KINDS OF APPROACH: PROJECTIONS I .1.2 COMMENTATORS 1.1.3 THEORIES OF REFERENCE 1.1.3.1 THE MECHANISMS OF REFERENCE 1.1.3.2 DETERMINATION 1.1.3.3 MANY-ONE MAPPING 1.2 WHAT SUPPOSITION THEORIES DO NOT DO? 1.2.1 THEORIES OF SUPPOSITION DO NOT EXP1AIN THE MECHANISMS OF REFERENCE 1.2.2 SUPPOSITION THEORIES DO NOT DETERMINE REFERENT: ONLY THE WILL OF THE SPEAKER DOES 1.2.3 GENERAL AND AMBIGUOUS DESIGNATION: ONE-MANY CORRESPONDENCE 1.2.4 SIMILARITIES 1.3 WHAT ARE SUPPOSITION THEORIES THEN? 1.3.1 HISTORICAL ARGUMENTS 1.3.1.1 FALLACIES 1.3.1.2 COMMENTARIES 1.3.2 CONCEPTUAL ARGUMENTS 1.3.2.1 DENOTATUR 1.3.2.2 PROPOSITIO EST DISTINGUENDA 1.4 THE STRUCTURE OFOCKHAM'S THEORY OF SUPPOSITION 1.4.1 QUASI-SYNTACTIC RULES VII 1 7 7 8 8 10 12 13 14 15 17 18 20 26 29 30 31 31 33 35 35 40 46 47 VIII 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.1.1 PERSONAL, SIMPLE AND MATERIAL SUPPOSITION 1.4.1.2 MODES OF PERSONAL SUPPOSITION SEMANTIC MIES 1.4.2.1 PERSONAL, SIMPLE AND MATERIAL SUPPOSITION 1.4.2.2 MODES OFPERSONAL SUPPOSITION COMBINATION CONCLUSION CONTENTS 47 47 49 49 50 51 51 1.5 FORMALIZATION 52 1.5.1 PERSONAL, SIMPLE, AND MATERIAL SUPPOSITION. 53 1.5.1.1 PRELIMINARY NOTIONS 54 1.5.1.2 DEFINITIONS OFTHE THREE KINDS OF SUPPOSITION 57 1.5.1.3 QUASI-SYNTACTICAL MIES FOR PERSONAL, SIMPLE, AND MATERIAL SUPPOSITION 58 1.5.1.4 TABLE 59 1.5.2 MODES OFPERSONAL SUPPOSITION 60 1.5.2.1 THE SEMANTIC MIES FOR THE MODES OF PERSONAL SUPPOSITION 63 1.5.2.2 QUASI-SYNTACTICAL MIES FOR THE MODES OF PERSONAL SUPPOSITION 70 1.5.3 EXAMPLES 76 1.6 CONCLUSION 77 PART 2 8URIDAN'S NOTION OF C(}NSEQLLENT;A 2.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1.2 HISTORY OF THE NOTION OF CONSEQUENCE 79 79 79 80 2.2 INFERENCE AND CONSEQUENCE 84 2.2.1 FUNDAMENTAL NOTIONS: TOKENS AND TYPES, INFERENCE, (FORMAL) CONSEQUENCE, CONSEQUENTIA 86 2.2.2 8URIDAN'S DEFINITION OF CONSEQUENCE 89 2.2.2.1 FIRST ATTEMPT 90 2.2.2.2 SECOND ATTEMPT 91 2.2.2.3 THIRD AND FINAL ATTEMPT 93 2.2.3 MODALITIES 94 2.2.3.1 ' . HOLDS IN . ' AND ' . IS TME IN . .' 94 2.2.3.2 MATRICES 96 2.2.3.3 OPPOSITIONS 97 2.2.3.4 EXAMPLE 99 2.2.4 CONSEQUENTIA 100 2.2.4.1 CONSEQUENTIA AS INFERENCE 100 2.2.4.2 CONSEQUENTIA AS CONSEQUENCE 101 CONTENTS IX 2.3 2.4 2.2.4.3 EXAMPLE 2.2.5 CONSEQUENTIAJHRMALIS COMPARISONS 2.3.1 TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEMANTICS 2.3.1.1 INDEXICALS 2.3.1.2 CHARACTER VS. CONTENT 2.3.1.3 INFERENCE AND CONSEQUENCE IN A TOKEN-BASED SEMANTICS 2.3.1.4 CONC1USION 2.3.2 THE CONCEPT OFLOGICAL CONSEQUENCE 2.3.2. I FOUR NOTIONS OF LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE 2.3.2. I. I MODEL-THEORETIC NOTION 2.3.2.1.2 INTERPRETATIONAL NOTION 2.3.2.1.3 REPRESENTATIONA1 NOTION 2.3 .2.1.4 INTUITIVE (PRE-THEORETIC) NOTION 2.3.2.2 BURIDAN'S HYBRID NOTION OFFORMA1 CONSEQUENCE 2.3.2.2.1 MATERIAL AND FORMAL CONSEQUENCE 2.3.2.2.2 SHAPIRO AND BURIDAN: THE HYBRID NOTION 2.3.2.2.3 EXTENSION 2.3.2.3 CONC1USION AND OPEN QUESTIONS THE BURIDANIAN THEORY OF INFERENTIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN DOUBLY QUANTIFIED PROPOSITIONS 2.4.1 REVIEW OFKARGER'S RESULTS 2.4.2 MODES OFPERSONAL SUPPOSITION 2.4.2.1 DETERMINATE SUPPOSITION 2.4.2.2 CONFUSED AND DISTRIBUTIVE SUPPOSITION 2.4.2.3 MERELY CONFUSED SUPPOSITION 2.4.3 THE MODELS VERIFYING EACH INTERPRETATIONAL SCHEMA 2.4.3. I SCHEMA (1) - A DIST. B DIST. 2.4.3.2 SCHEMA (2) - A DIST. B DET. 2.4.3.3 SCHEMA (3) - A DIST. B CONF. 2.4.3.4 SCHEMA (4) - A DET. B DET. 2.4.4 THE RELATIONS OF INFERENCE 2.4.4.1 PROOFS BY ABSURDITY 2.4.4.1.1 SCHEMA (1) IMPLIES SCHEMA (2) 2.4.4.1.2 SCHEMA (2) IMPLIES SCHEMA (3) 2.4.4.1.3 SCHEMA (3) IMPLIES SCHEMA (4) 2.4.4.2 PROOFBY RELATION OF CONTAINMENT 2.4.4.2.1 SCHEMA (1) IMPLIES SCHEMA (2) 2.4.4.2.2 SCHEMA (2) IMPLIES SCHEMA (3) 2.4.4.2.3 SCHEMA (3) IMPLIES SCHEMA (4) 2.4.5 CONC1UDING REMARKS 101 103 105 105 106 109 109 113 114 115 116 117 118 120 120 120 121 122 123 124 124 127 129 132 132 134 134 135 136 137 138 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 X 2.5 CONCLUSION APPENDIX: A VISUAL RENDERING OFTHE HEXAGON OFINFERENTIAL RELATIONS CONTENTS 142 144 PART 3 OBLIGATIONE.'L AS LOGICAL GAMES 3.0 INTRODUCTION 3.1 HISTORY 3.2 3.3 3.4 OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 3.2.1 DIFFERENT SUGGESTIONS 3.2.2 ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE COUNTERFACTUAL HYPOTHESIS 3.2.3 CONCLUSION BURLEY'S OBLIGATIONES: CONSISTENCY MAINTENANCE 3.3.1 THE RULES OFTHE GAME 3.3.1.1 PRELIMINARY NOTIONS 3.3.1.2 TWO INTERPRETATIONS OFTHE RULES 3.3.1.2.1 DETERMINISTIC INTERPRETATION 3.3.1.2.2 'POINT SYSTEM' 3.3.1.3 STAGES OFTHE GAME 3.3.2 MOVES AND TREES 3.3.3 STRATEGIES 3.3.3.1 CAN RESPONDENT ALWAYS WIN? 3.3.3.2 WHY DOES RESPONDENT NOT ALWAYS WIN? 3.3.3.3 THE GAME IS DYNAMIC 3.3.4 PROBLEMS 3.3.5 CONCLUSION SWYNESHED'S OBLIGATIONES: INFERENCE RECOGNITION 3.4.1 RECONSTRUCTION 3.4.1.1 CENTRAL NOTIONS 3.4.1.2 RULES OFTHE GAME 3.4.1.2.1 POSITUM/OBLIGATUM 3.4.1.2.2 PROPOSITA 3.4.1.2.3 OUTCOME 3.4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OFSWYNESHED'S GAME 3.4.2.1 THE GAME IS FULLY DETERMINED 3.4.2.2 THE GAME IS NOT DYNAMIC 3.4.2.3 TWO DISPUTATIONS WITH THE SAME POSITUM WILL PROMPT THE SAME ANSWERS, EXCEPT FOR VARIATIONS IN THINGS 3.4.2.4 RESPONSES DO NOT FOLLOW THE USUAL PROPERTIES OF THE CONNECTIVES 3.4.2.5 THE SET OFACCEPTEDLDENIED PROPOSITIONS CAN BE INCONSISTENT 145 145 146 147 147 150 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 158 159 160 161 163 164 168 169 170 170 170 172 172 174 175 176 176 176 178 179 182 CONTENTS 3.4.3 3.4.4 WHAT IS RESPONDENT'S TASK THEN? CONCLUSION XI 183 185 3.5 STRODE'S OHLIGATIONES: THE RETURN OF CONSISTENCY MAINTENANCE 186 3.5.1 THE ESSENTIALS OF STRODE'S TREATISE 187 3.5.1.1 DESCRIPTION OFTHE TEXT 187 3.5.1.2 REMARKS, SUPPOSITIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 187 3.5.1.3 RECONSTRUCTION 192 3.5.2 CONTRA SWYNESHED: CONSISTENCY MAINTENANCE RE-ESTABLISHED 195 3.5.2.1 SWYNESHED SPOTTED THE WRONG PROBLEMS 195 3.5.2.2 AN EVEN WORSE FORM OF INCONSISTENCY? 196 3.5.2.3 THE CORE OFTHE MATTER: DEFINITION OF PERTINENT/IMPERTINENT PROPOSITIONS 198 3.5.2.4 AVOIDING TIME-RELATED INCONSISTENCY 199 3.5.2.5 CONJUNCTIONS AND DISJUNCTIONS 200 3.5.2.6 CONCLUSION 202 3.5.3 FOCUS ON EPISTEMIC/PRAGMATIC ELEMENTS OFTHE DISPUTATION 202 3.5.3.1 EPISTEMIC C1AUSES 203 3.5.3.2 ONLY EXPLICITLY PROPOSED PROPOSITIONS BELONG TO THE INFORMATION AL BASE 205 3.5.3.3 SELF-REFERENTIAL POSITA 207 3.5.3.4 SOME RULES THAT DO NOT HOLD 209 3.5.4 CONCLUSION 213 3.6 CONCLUSION 214 PART 4 THE PHILOSOPHY OF FORMALIZATION 4.0 INTRODUCTION 4.1 PRE1IMINARY NOTIONS 4.1.1 OBJECTS OFFORMALIZATION 4.1.2 FORMAL VS. FORMALIZED 4.1.3 THE NOTION OFTHE FORMAL 215 215 217 217 219 224 4.2 AXIOMATIZATION: STRUCTURING 231 4.2.1 AXIOMS AND RULES OFTRANSFORMATION 232 4.2.2 WHY AXIOMATIZE? 239 4.2.2.1 COMPLETENESS 239 4.2.2.2 META-PERSPECTIVE 241 4.2.3 IN WHAT SENSE TO AXIOMATIZE IS TO FORMALIZE 245 4.2.4 CONCLUSION 246 4.3 SYMBOLIZATION 247 4.3.1 WORDS VS. SYMBOLS 248 4.3.1.1 LANGUAGES: NATURAL VS. CONVENTIONAL VS. ARTIFICIAL 249 XII 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.1.2 WHAT IS A SYMBOL? EXPRESSIVITY 4.3.2.1 INADEQUACY OF ORDINARY LANGUAGE 4.3.2.2 DISPLAYING/DEPICTING 4.3.2.2.1 WITTGENSTEIN ON DEPICTING 4.3.2.2.2 PEIRCE AND ICONS 4.3.2.2.3 ICONIC SYMBOLS 4.3.2.3 KINDS OF SYMBOLS: INTERPRETED VS. UNINTERPRETED LANGUAGES IN WHAT SENSE TO SYMBOLIZE IS TO FORMALIZE CONCJUSION CONTENTS 252 256 256 262 263 266 268 269 274 277 4.4 CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATIONS 278 4.4.1 WH AT IS CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATION? 279 4.4.1.1 THE HISTORY OF CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATIONS 279 4.4.1.2 FOUNDATION FOR CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATION: CONCEPTUAL IDENTITY AND CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 282 4.4.2 THE OUTCOME OF A CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATION 285 4.4.2.1 FORMAL SEMANTICS 286 4.4.2.2 TRANSFERENCE OF FORMALITY 287 4.4.2.3 DIALOGUE 288 4.4.3 CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATION IN THE PRESENT WORK 289 4.5 CONCLUSION 292 CONCIUSION I RETROSPECT 2 WHAT IS LOGIC? REFERENCES INDEX 293 293 295 301 311
adam_txt	CONTENTS INTRODUCTION PART 1 SUPPOSITION THEORY: ALGORITHMIC HERMENEUTICS 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 THEORIES ON THEORIES OF SUPPOSITION 1.1.1 TWO KINDS OF APPROACH: PROJECTIONS I .1.2 COMMENTATORS 1.1.3 THEORIES OF REFERENCE 1.1.3.1 THE MECHANISMS OF REFERENCE 1.1.3.2 DETERMINATION 1.1.3.3 MANY-ONE MAPPING 1.2 WHAT SUPPOSITION THEORIES DO NOT DO? 1.2.1 THEORIES OF SUPPOSITION DO NOT EXP1AIN THE MECHANISMS OF REFERENCE 1.2.2 SUPPOSITION THEORIES DO NOT DETERMINE REFERENT: ONLY THE WILL OF THE SPEAKER DOES 1.2.3 GENERAL AND AMBIGUOUS DESIGNATION: ONE-MANY CORRESPONDENCE 1.2.4 SIMILARITIES 1.3 WHAT ARE SUPPOSITION THEORIES THEN? 1.3.1 HISTORICAL ARGUMENTS 1.3.1.1 FALLACIES 1.3.1.2 COMMENTARIES 1.3.2 CONCEPTUAL ARGUMENTS 1.3.2.1 DENOTATUR 1.3.2.2 PROPOSITIO EST DISTINGUENDA 1.4 THE STRUCTURE OFOCKHAM'S THEORY OF SUPPOSITION 1.4.1 QUASI-SYNTACTIC RULES VII 1 7 7 8 8 10 12 13 14 15 17 18 20 26 29 30 31 31 33 35 35 40 46 47 VIII 1.4.2 1.4.3 1.4.4 1.4.1.1 PERSONAL, SIMPLE AND MATERIAL SUPPOSITION 1.4.1.2 MODES OF PERSONAL SUPPOSITION SEMANTIC MIES 1.4.2.1 PERSONAL, SIMPLE AND MATERIAL SUPPOSITION 1.4.2.2 MODES OFPERSONAL SUPPOSITION COMBINATION CONCLUSION CONTENTS 47 47 49 49 50 51 51 1.5 FORMALIZATION 52 1.5.1 PERSONAL, SIMPLE, AND MATERIAL SUPPOSITION. 53 1.5.1.1 PRELIMINARY NOTIONS 54 1.5.1.2 DEFINITIONS OFTHE THREE KINDS OF SUPPOSITION 57 1.5.1.3 QUASI-SYNTACTICAL MIES FOR PERSONAL, SIMPLE, AND MATERIAL SUPPOSITION 58 1.5.1.4 TABLE 59 1.5.2 MODES OFPERSONAL SUPPOSITION 60 1.5.2.1 THE SEMANTIC MIES FOR THE MODES OF PERSONAL SUPPOSITION 63 1.5.2.2 QUASI-SYNTACTICAL MIES FOR THE MODES OF PERSONAL SUPPOSITION 70 1.5.3 EXAMPLES 76 1.6 CONCLUSION 77 PART 2 8URIDAN'S NOTION OF C(}NSEQLLENT;A 2.1 INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY 2.1.1 INTRODUCTION 2.1.2 HISTORY OF THE NOTION OF CONSEQUENCE 79 79 79 80 2.2 INFERENCE AND CONSEQUENCE 84 2.2.1 FUNDAMENTAL NOTIONS: TOKENS AND TYPES, INFERENCE, (FORMAL) CONSEQUENCE, CONSEQUENTIA 86 2.2.2 8URIDAN'S DEFINITION OF CONSEQUENCE 89 2.2.2.1 FIRST ATTEMPT 90 2.2.2.2 SECOND ATTEMPT 91 2.2.2.3 THIRD AND FINAL ATTEMPT 93 2.2.3 MODALITIES 94 2.2.3.1 ' . HOLDS IN . ' AND ' . IS TME IN . .' 94 2.2.3.2 MATRICES 96 2.2.3.3 OPPOSITIONS 97 2.2.3.4 EXAMPLE 99 2.2.4 CONSEQUENTIA 100 2.2.4.1 CONSEQUENTIA AS INFERENCE 100 2.2.4.2 CONSEQUENTIA AS CONSEQUENCE 101 CONTENTS IX 2.3 2.4 2.2.4.3 EXAMPLE 2.2.5 CONSEQUENTIAJHRMALIS COMPARISONS 2.3.1 TWO-DIMENSIONAL SEMANTICS 2.3.1.1 INDEXICALS 2.3.1.2 CHARACTER VS. CONTENT 2.3.1.3 INFERENCE AND CONSEQUENCE IN A TOKEN-BASED SEMANTICS 2.3.1.4 CONC1USION 2.3.2 THE CONCEPT OFLOGICAL CONSEQUENCE 2.3.2. I FOUR NOTIONS OF LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE 2.3.2. I. I MODEL-THEORETIC NOTION 2.3.2.1.2 INTERPRETATIONAL NOTION 2.3.2.1.3 REPRESENTATIONA1 NOTION 2.3 .2.1.4 INTUITIVE (PRE-THEORETIC) NOTION 2.3.2.2 BURIDAN'S HYBRID NOTION OFFORMA1 CONSEQUENCE 2.3.2.2.1 MATERIAL AND FORMAL CONSEQUENCE 2.3.2.2.2 SHAPIRO AND BURIDAN: THE HYBRID NOTION 2.3.2.2.3 EXTENSION 2.3.2.3 CONC1USION AND OPEN QUESTIONS THE BURIDANIAN THEORY OF INFERENTIAL RELATIONS BETWEEN DOUBLY QUANTIFIED PROPOSITIONS 2.4.1 REVIEW OFKARGER'S RESULTS 2.4.2 MODES OFPERSONAL SUPPOSITION 2.4.2.1 DETERMINATE SUPPOSITION 2.4.2.2 CONFUSED AND DISTRIBUTIVE SUPPOSITION 2.4.2.3 MERELY CONFUSED SUPPOSITION 2.4.3 THE MODELS VERIFYING EACH INTERPRETATIONAL SCHEMA 2.4.3. I SCHEMA (1) - A DIST. B DIST. 2.4.3.2 SCHEMA (2) - A DIST. B DET. 2.4.3.3 SCHEMA (3) - A DIST. B CONF. 2.4.3.4 SCHEMA (4) - A DET. B DET. 2.4.4 THE RELATIONS OF INFERENCE 2.4.4.1 PROOFS BY ABSURDITY 2.4.4.1.1 SCHEMA (1) IMPLIES SCHEMA (2) 2.4.4.1.2 SCHEMA (2) IMPLIES SCHEMA (3) 2.4.4.1.3 SCHEMA (3) IMPLIES SCHEMA (4) 2.4.4.2 PROOFBY RELATION OF CONTAINMENT 2.4.4.2.1 SCHEMA (1) IMPLIES SCHEMA (2) 2.4.4.2.2 SCHEMA (2) IMPLIES SCHEMA (3) 2.4.4.2.3 SCHEMA (3) IMPLIES SCHEMA (4) 2.4.5 CONC1UDING REMARKS 101 103 105 105 106 109 109 113 114 115 116 117 118 120 120 120 121 122 123 124 124 127 129 132 132 134 134 135 136 137 138 138 138 139 139 140 140 141 141 142 X 2.5 CONCLUSION APPENDIX: A VISUAL RENDERING OFTHE HEXAGON OFINFERENTIAL RELATIONS CONTENTS 142 144 PART 3 OBLIGATIONE.'L AS LOGICAL GAMES 3.0 INTRODUCTION 3.1 HISTORY 3.2 3.3 3.4 OVERVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 3.2.1 DIFFERENT SUGGESTIONS 3.2.2 ARGUMENTS AGAINST THE COUNTERFACTUAL HYPOTHESIS 3.2.3 CONCLUSION BURLEY'S OBLIGATIONES: CONSISTENCY MAINTENANCE 3.3.1 THE RULES OFTHE GAME 3.3.1.1 PRELIMINARY NOTIONS 3.3.1.2 TWO INTERPRETATIONS OFTHE RULES 3.3.1.2.1 DETERMINISTIC INTERPRETATION 3.3.1.2.2 'POINT SYSTEM' 3.3.1.3 STAGES OFTHE GAME 3.3.2 MOVES AND TREES 3.3.3 STRATEGIES 3.3.3.1 CAN RESPONDENT ALWAYS WIN? 3.3.3.2 WHY DOES RESPONDENT NOT ALWAYS WIN? 3.3.3.3 THE GAME IS DYNAMIC 3.3.4 PROBLEMS 3.3.5 CONCLUSION SWYNESHED'S OBLIGATIONES: INFERENCE RECOGNITION 3.4.1 RECONSTRUCTION 3.4.1.1 CENTRAL NOTIONS 3.4.1.2 RULES OFTHE GAME 3.4.1.2.1 POSITUM/OBLIGATUM 3.4.1.2.2 PROPOSITA 3.4.1.2.3 OUTCOME 3.4.2 CHARACTERISTICS OFSWYNESHED'S GAME 3.4.2.1 THE GAME IS FULLY DETERMINED 3.4.2.2 THE GAME IS NOT DYNAMIC 3.4.2.3 TWO DISPUTATIONS WITH THE SAME POSITUM WILL PROMPT THE SAME ANSWERS, EXCEPT FOR VARIATIONS IN THINGS 3.4.2.4 RESPONSES DO NOT FOLLOW THE USUAL PROPERTIES OF THE CONNECTIVES 3.4.2.5 THE SET OFACCEPTEDLDENIED PROPOSITIONS CAN BE INCONSISTENT 145 145 146 147 147 150 154 154 155 155 156 156 157 158 159 160 161 163 164 168 169 170 170 170 172 172 174 175 176 176 176 178 179 182 CONTENTS 3.4.3 3.4.4 WHAT IS RESPONDENT'S TASK THEN? CONCLUSION XI 183 185 3.5 STRODE'S OHLIGATIONES: THE RETURN OF CONSISTENCY MAINTENANCE 186 3.5.1 THE ESSENTIALS OF STRODE'S TREATISE 187 3.5.1.1 DESCRIPTION OFTHE TEXT 187 3.5.1.2 REMARKS, SUPPOSITIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 187 3.5.1.3 RECONSTRUCTION 192 3.5.2 CONTRA SWYNESHED: CONSISTENCY MAINTENANCE RE-ESTABLISHED 195 3.5.2.1 SWYNESHED SPOTTED THE WRONG PROBLEMS 195 3.5.2.2 AN EVEN WORSE FORM OF INCONSISTENCY? 196 3.5.2.3 THE CORE OFTHE MATTER: DEFINITION OF PERTINENT/IMPERTINENT PROPOSITIONS 198 3.5.2.4 AVOIDING TIME-RELATED INCONSISTENCY 199 3.5.2.5 CONJUNCTIONS AND DISJUNCTIONS 200 3.5.2.6 CONCLUSION 202 3.5.3 FOCUS ON EPISTEMIC/PRAGMATIC ELEMENTS OFTHE DISPUTATION 202 3.5.3.1 EPISTEMIC C1AUSES 203 3.5.3.2 ONLY EXPLICITLY PROPOSED PROPOSITIONS BELONG TO THE INFORMATION AL BASE 205 3.5.3.3 SELF-REFERENTIAL POSITA 207 3.5.3.4 SOME RULES THAT DO NOT HOLD 209 3.5.4 CONCLUSION 213 3.6 CONCLUSION 214 PART 4 THE PHILOSOPHY OF FORMALIZATION 4.0 INTRODUCTION 4.1 PRE1IMINARY NOTIONS 4.1.1 OBJECTS OFFORMALIZATION 4.1.2 FORMAL VS. FORMALIZED 4.1.3 THE NOTION OFTHE FORMAL 215 215 217 217 219 224 4.2 AXIOMATIZATION: STRUCTURING 231 4.2.1 AXIOMS AND RULES OFTRANSFORMATION 232 4.2.2 WHY AXIOMATIZE? 239 4.2.2.1 COMPLETENESS 239 4.2.2.2 META-PERSPECTIVE 241 4.2.3 IN WHAT SENSE TO AXIOMATIZE IS TO FORMALIZE 245 4.2.4 CONCLUSION 246 4.3 SYMBOLIZATION 247 4.3.1 WORDS VS. SYMBOLS 248 4.3.1.1 LANGUAGES: NATURAL VS. CONVENTIONAL VS. ARTIFICIAL 249 XII 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.1.2 WHAT IS A SYMBOL? EXPRESSIVITY 4.3.2.1 INADEQUACY OF ORDINARY LANGUAGE 4.3.2.2 DISPLAYING/DEPICTING 4.3.2.2.1 WITTGENSTEIN ON DEPICTING 4.3.2.2.2 PEIRCE AND ICONS 4.3.2.2.3 ICONIC SYMBOLS 4.3.2.3 KINDS OF SYMBOLS: INTERPRETED VS. UNINTERPRETED LANGUAGES IN WHAT SENSE TO SYMBOLIZE IS TO FORMALIZE CONCJUSION CONTENTS 252 256 256 262 263 266 268 269 274 277 4.4 CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATIONS 278 4.4.1 WH AT IS CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATION? 279 4.4.1.1 THE HISTORY OF CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATIONS 279 4.4.1.2 FOUNDATION FOR CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATION: CONCEPTUAL IDENTITY AND CONCEPTUAL SIMILARITY 282 4.4.2 THE OUTCOME OF A CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATION 285 4.4.2.1 FORMAL SEMANTICS 286 4.4.2.2 TRANSFERENCE OF FORMALITY 287 4.4.2.3 DIALOGUE 288 4.4.3 CONCEPTUAL TRANSLATION IN THE PRESENT WORK 289 4.5 CONCLUSION 292 CONCIUSION I RETROSPECT 2 WHAT IS LOGIC? REFERENCES INDEX 293 293 295 301 311
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indexdate	2024-07-20T09:15:46Z
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isbn	9781402058523 1402058527 9781402058530
language	English
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series	Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science
series2	Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science
spelling	Dutilh Novaes, Catarina 1976- Verfasser (DE-588)1029530815 aut Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes by Catarina Dutilh Novaes Dordrecht Springer 2007 XII, 314 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 7 Geschichte 500-1500 gnd rswk-swf Formalization (Philosophy) Logic, Medieval Formalisierung (DE-588)4123217-3 gnd rswk-swf Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd rswk-swf Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 s Formalisierung (DE-588)4123217-3 s Geschichte 500-1500 z DE-604 Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science 7 (DE-604)BV019709027 7 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2896147&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext V:DE-604 application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015613545&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Dutilh Novaes, Catarina 1976- Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes Logic, Epistemology, and the Unity of Science Formalization (Philosophy) Logic, Medieval Formalisierung (DE-588)4123217-3 gnd Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4123217-3 (DE-588)4036202-4
title	Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes
title_auth	Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes
title_exact_search	Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes
title_exact_search_txtP	Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes
title_full	Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes by Catarina Dutilh Novaes
title_fullStr	Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes by Catarina Dutilh Novaes
title_full_unstemmed	Formalizing medieval logical theories Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes by Catarina Dutilh Novaes
title_short	Formalizing medieval logical theories
title_sort	formalizing medieval logical theories suppositio consequentia and obligationes
title_sub	Suppositio, Consequentia and Obligationes
topic	Formalization (Philosophy) Logic, Medieval Formalisierung (DE-588)4123217-3 gnd Logik (DE-588)4036202-4 gnd
topic_facet	Formalization (Philosophy) Logic, Medieval Formalisierung Logik
url	http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2896147&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015613545&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV019709027
work_keys_str_mv	AT dutilhnovaescatarina formalizingmedievallogicaltheoriessuppositioconsequentiaandobligationes

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