Bioterrorism and infectious agents: a new dilemma for the 21st century
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York, NY
Springer
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Emerging infectious diseases of the 21st century
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | 1 Online-Ressource ( xvi, 274 Seiten) |
| ISBN: | 0387236856 9780387236858 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/b102143 |
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| adam_text | Contents
Chapter 1
Anthrax: A Disease and a Weapon
Kenneth Alibek, Catherine Lobanova, and Serguei Popov
1. History of Anthrax 1
1.1. Anthrax in the United States 3
2. Anthrax as a Biological Weapon 4
3. The Organism 8
4. Pathogenesis of Anthrax Infection 10
5. Clinical Manifestation of Anthrax Infection • 13
5.1. Cutaneous Anthrax 14
5.2. Systemic Anthrax 14
5.2.1. General Symptoms of Anthrax Infection 15
5.2.2. Respiratory Symptoms and Findings 17
5.2.3. Neurological Symptoms and Signs 18
5.2.4. Cardiovascular Symptoms and Signs 19
5.2.5. Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Signs 19
5.2.6. Miscellaneous 20
5.2.7. Findings—Autopsies 21
6. Considerations on Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Anthrax 23
7. Laboratory Diagnosis 24
8. Vaccination 24
9. Postexposure Prophylaxis 25
10. Treatment of Anthrax Infection 25
11. Protection 28
12. Isolation 29
13. Afterward 29
Acknowledgments 29
References 29
ix
x Contents
Chapter 2
Plague as a Biological Weapon
David T. Dennis
1. History of Plague and Its Potential as a Weapon of Bioterrorism 37
1.1. Pandemic History and Epidemic Potential 37
1.2. Plague as a Weapon of Biological Warfare 38
1.3. US Countermeasures to Plague as a Weapon of Terrorism 39
1.4. Preparedness and Response to a Possible Plague Attack 40
2. Plague Microbiology and Pathogenesis 41
2.1. The Agent 41
2.1.1. General Characteristics 41
2.1.2. Molecular Genetics 42
2.2. Pathogenicity of Y. pestis 42
2.2.1. Virulence Factors 42
2.2.2. Pathology of Infection 43
3. Clinical Spectrum 44
3.1. Bubonic Plague 44
3.2. Septicemic Plague 46
3.3. Pneumonic Plague 48
3.4. Other Clinical Syndromes 50
3.5. Pediatric Plague 50
3.6. Plague in Pregnancy 51
4. Diagnosis 51
4.1. Laboratory Diagnosis 51
4.1.1. Laboratory Response Capabilities 51
4.1.2. Collection and Processing of Specimens 52
4.2. Recognizing a Plague Outbreak Resulting from
Intentional Release 53
4.3. Detection of Y. pestis in the Environment 53
5. Medical Management of Plague Patients 55
5.1. Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Illness in
Naturally Occurring Plague 55
5.2. Postexposure Prophylaxis 57
5.3. Treatment of Cases and Case Contacts in a Bioterrorism Event 58
6. Infection Control 60
6.1. Hospital Infection Control 60
6.2. The Role of Isolation and Quarantine 61
7. Prevention 62
7.1. Prevention and Control of Naturally Occurring Plague 62
7.1.1. General Guidelines 62
7.2. Plague Vaccine 63
8. Research Directions 63
References 64
Contents xi
Chapter 3
Tularemia and Bioterrorism
Lisa Hodges and Robert L. Penn
1. Introduction 71
2. Microbiology 72
2.1. Taxonomy 72
2.2. Virulence 73
3. Pathogenesis 74
3.1. Pathophysiology 74
3.2. Host Immunity 75
3.2.1. Humoral Immunity 75
3.2.2. Cellular Immunity 76
3.2.3. Immune Responses in the Lungs 77
4. Epidemiology 78
5. Clinical Manifestations 80
5.1. Nonpneumonic Tularemia 80
5.2. Pneumonic Tularemia 82
5.3. Spectrum of Disease following Intentional Release of F. tularensis 83
5.4. Complications 84
6. Diagnosis 84
7. Treatment 86
7.1. Treatment of Endemic Tularemia 86
7.2. Treatment of Tularemia Resulting from Bioterrorism 88
8. Infection Control 89
9. Prevention 90
9.1. Antibiotic Prophylaxis 90
9.2. Vaccination 91
10. Future Directions 92
References 92
Chapter 4
Melioidosis and Glanders as Possible Biological Weapons
David Allan Brett Dance
1. Introduction 99
2. History, Distribution, and Epidemiology 99
2.1. Melioidosis 99
2.2. Glanders 101
3. Microbiology and Pathogenesis 101
3.1. Taxonomy 101
3.2. Characteristics 102
3.2.1. General 102
3.2.2. Antigenic Structure 102
3.3. Ecology and Environmental Survival 104
xii Contents
3.4. Antibiotic Susceptibility 104
3.5. Genomics 105
3.6. Typing Systems 106
3.7. Bacterial Virulence 106
3.7.1. Endotoxin and Lipids 106
3.7.2. Capsule 107
3.7.3. Flagella 107
3.7.4. Exotoxins and Enzymes 107
3.7.5. Secretion Systems 108
3.7.6. Siderophores 108
3.7.7. Adhesion 108
3.7.8. Intracellular Growth 109
3.8. Host Defense 110
3.8.1. Humoral Immunity Ill
3.8.2. Intrinsic and Cellular Immunity Ill
3.8.3. Immunopathogenesis 112
4. Clinical Spectrum 112
4.1. Melioidosis 112
4.1.1. Mild and Subclinical Infections 113
4.1.2. Latent Infections 113
4.1.3. Clinical Disease 113
4.2. Glanders 115
5. Animal Models 116
5.1. Melioidosis 116
5.2. Glanders 117
6. Potential as a Biological Weapon 117
6.1. Glanders 117
6.2. Melioidosis 118
7. Diagnosis and Treatment 119
7.1. Clinical Diagnosis 119
7.2. Laboratory Diagnosis 120
7.2.1. Microscopy and Culture 120
7.2.2. Serological Methods 122
7.2.3. Molecular Diagnosis 123
7.3. Treatment 124
7.3.1. General 124
7.3.2. Specific Chemotherapy 124
7.3.3. Adjunctive Treatments 126
7.3.4. Outcome and Follow up 126
8. Infection Control Measures 126
8.1. Secondary Spread and Isolation 126
8.2. Environmental Contamination 127
8.3. Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Vaccines 127
9. Future Direction 128
References 129
Contents xiii
Chapter 5
Smallpox as a Weapon for Bioterrorism
J. Michael Lane
1. Introduction 147
2. Virology 147
3. Pathogenesis 148
4. Clinical Disease 149
5. Diagnosis 151
6. Epidemiology 153
6.1. Surveillance and Containment Strategy 153
7. Patient Management and Infection Control 154
8. Potential as a Bioweapon 155
9. Prevention 158
9.1 Vaccination Policy 159
10. Future Directions 161
References 162
Chapter 6
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses as Biological Weapons
Allison Groseth, Steven Jones, Harvey Artsob, and Heinz Feldmann
1. Introduction 169
2. Epidemiology 173
2.1. Filoviridae: Ebola and Marburg viruses 175
2.2. Arenaviridae: Lassa Fever, Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, and Sabia 177
2.3. Bunyaviridae: Rift Valley Fever and Crimean Congo
Hemorrhagic Fever 179
3. Patient Management 180
3.1. Clinical Recognition 180
3.2. Laboratory Diagnosis 180
3.3. Treatment 181
4. Vaccines 183
5. Public Health Measures 184
5.1. Infection Control 184
5.2. Environmental Decontamination 185
6. Ongoing Research and Proposed Agenda 186
7. Conclusions 186
Acknowledgments 187
References 187
I
xiv Contents
Chapter 7
Botulism as a Potential Agent of Bioterrorism
Thomas P. Bleck, MD, FCCM
1. Introduction 193
2. History of Botulism 194
3. Botulinum Toxin as a Weapon 195
4. Diagnosis 198
5. Treatment 200
6. Management 201
References 202
Chapter 8
Ricin: A Possible, Noninfectious Biological Weapon
Maor Maman, MD, and Yoav Yehezkelli, MD
1. Introduction 205
2. History 205
2.1. The Story of a Death Umbrella 206
3. The Toxin 208
3.1. Toxicity 209
4. Ricin as a Potential Bioweapon 210
5. Clinical Presentation 211
5.1. Prognosis 212
5.2. Diagnosis 212
6. Treatment 212
7. Prevention and Vaccine 213
8. Medical Use of Ricin 214
9. Conclusion 214
Acknowledgments 214
References 215
Chapter 9
Bioterrorism Alert for Health Care Workers
Theodore J. Cieslak, MD, George W. Christopher, MD,
and Edward M. Eitzen, Jr., MD, MPH
1. Introduction 217
2. Step 1. Maintain a Healthy Index of Suspicion (Or, How to Recognize
Illness Due to Biological Weapons ) 218
3. Step 2. Protect Thyself First 219
3.1. Physical Protection 220
3.2. Chemical Protection 220
3.3. Immunologic Protection (Including Pros and Cons
of Mass Vaccination ) 221
Contents xv
4. Step 3. Save the Patient s Life ( The Primary Assessment ) 224
5. Step 4. Disinfect or Decontaminate as Appropriate 224
6. Step 5. Establish a Diagnosis ( The Secondary Assessment ) 226
7. Step 6. Provide Prompt Therapy 226
8. Step 7. Institute Proper Infection Control Measures 228
9. Step 8. Alert the Proper Authorities ( Which Agency Should One
Notify for Suspicious Cases? ) 229
10. Step 9. Conduct an Epidemiologic Investigation (and Manage
the Medical and Psychological Aftermath of a Bioterror Attack) 232
11. Step 10. Maintain a Level of Proficiency 233
Acknowledgments 234
References 234
Chapter 10
The Economics of Planning and Preparing for Bioterrorism
Martin I. Meltzer
1. Introduction 237
2. How Many Resources?: Basic Concept 237
3. Refining the Basic Concept: Being More Realistic 238
3.1. Cost of Deploying a Planned Intervention 239
3.2. A Special Case: Optimal Amount for Pre event
Protective Interventions 239
3.3. Example 1: Annual Premiums for Pandemic
Influenza Preparations 241
3.4. Example 2: Annual Premiums to Reduce Probability
of Losses Due to Anthrax Attack 242
4. Categories of Interventions 244
4.1. Postevent Medical Interventions (Reaction Interventions) 246
4.2. Pre event Medical Interventions (Reaction Interventions) 246
4.3. Pre event Protective Interventions: Reducing the
Probability of Attack 247
4.4. Calculating the Savings in Post event Interventions
Due to Pre event Interventions 247
5. Selecting Interventions for Evaluation for Funding 248
6. Calculating the Number of Casualties and Casualties Averted 249
6.1. Types of Mathematical Models 249
6.1.1. Increasing Complexity 250
6.1.2. Deterministic Mathematical Models 250
6.1.3. Stochastic Models 251
6.2. Model Limitations 251
6.2.1. Size of Attack 251
6.2.2. Numbers Initially Infected and Implicit Assumptions 252
6.2.3. Why Not Use Worst Case? 252
6.3. Realistic Expectations and Keeping It Simple 253
6.3.1. Sensitivity Analyses and Policy Levers 253
xvi Contents
7. Calculating the Value of Casualties and Other Losses Averted 254
8. Probability of an Event Occurring 255
9. Selecting Between the Options 256
10. Summary 256
References 257
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
Chapter 1
Anthrax: A Disease and a Weapon
Kenneth Alibek, Catherine Lobanova, and Serguei Popov
1. History of Anthrax 1
1.1. Anthrax in the United States 3
2. Anthrax as a Biological Weapon 4
3. The Organism 8
4. Pathogenesis of Anthrax Infection 10
5. Clinical Manifestation of Anthrax Infection • 13
5.1. Cutaneous Anthrax 14
5.2. Systemic Anthrax 14
5.2.1. General Symptoms of Anthrax Infection 15
5.2.2. Respiratory Symptoms and Findings 17
5.2.3. Neurological Symptoms and Signs 18
5.2.4. Cardiovascular Symptoms and Signs 19
5.2.5. Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Signs 19
5.2.6. Miscellaneous 20
5.2.7. Findings—Autopsies 21
6. Considerations on Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Anthrax 23
7. Laboratory Diagnosis 24
8. Vaccination 24
9. Postexposure Prophylaxis 25
10. Treatment of Anthrax Infection 25
11. Protection 28
12. Isolation 29
13. Afterward 29
Acknowledgments 29
References 29
ix
x Contents
Chapter 2
Plague as a Biological Weapon
David T. Dennis
1. History of Plague and Its Potential as a Weapon of Bioterrorism 37
1.1. Pandemic History and Epidemic Potential 37
1.2. Plague as a Weapon of Biological Warfare 38
1.3. US Countermeasures to Plague as a Weapon of Terrorism 39
1.4. Preparedness and Response to a Possible Plague Attack 40
2. Plague Microbiology and Pathogenesis 41
2.1. The Agent 41
2.1.1. General Characteristics 41
2.1.2. Molecular Genetics 42
2.2. Pathogenicity of Y. pestis 42
2.2.1. Virulence Factors 42
2.2.2. Pathology of Infection 43
3. Clinical Spectrum 44
3.1. Bubonic Plague 44
3.2. Septicemic Plague 46
3.3. Pneumonic Plague 48
3.4. Other Clinical Syndromes 50
3.5. Pediatric Plague 50
3.6. Plague in Pregnancy 51
4. Diagnosis 51
4.1. Laboratory Diagnosis 51
4.1.1. Laboratory Response Capabilities 51
4.1.2. Collection and Processing of Specimens 52
4.2. Recognizing a Plague Outbreak Resulting from
Intentional Release 53
4.3. Detection of Y. pestis in the Environment 53
5. Medical Management of Plague Patients 55
5.1. Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Illness in
Naturally Occurring Plague 55
5.2. Postexposure Prophylaxis 57
5.3. Treatment of Cases and Case Contacts in a Bioterrorism Event 58
6. Infection Control 60
6.1. Hospital Infection Control 60
6.2. The Role of Isolation and Quarantine 61
7. Prevention 62
7.1. Prevention and Control of Naturally Occurring Plague 62
7.1.1. General Guidelines 62
7.2. Plague Vaccine 63
8. Research Directions 63
References 64
Contents xi
Chapter 3
Tularemia and Bioterrorism
Lisa Hodges and Robert L. Penn
1. Introduction 71
2. Microbiology 72
2.1. Taxonomy 72
2.2. Virulence 73
3. Pathogenesis 74
3.1. Pathophysiology 74
3.2. Host Immunity 75
3.2.1. Humoral Immunity 75
3.2.2. Cellular Immunity 76
3.2.3. Immune Responses in the Lungs 77
4. Epidemiology 78
5. Clinical Manifestations 80
5.1. Nonpneumonic Tularemia 80
5.2. Pneumonic Tularemia 82
5.3. Spectrum of Disease following Intentional Release of F. tularensis 83
5.4. Complications 84
6. Diagnosis 84
7. Treatment 86
7.1. Treatment of Endemic Tularemia 86
7.2. Treatment of Tularemia Resulting from Bioterrorism 88
8. Infection Control 89
9. Prevention 90
9.1. Antibiotic Prophylaxis 90
9.2. Vaccination 91
10. Future Directions 92
References 92
Chapter 4
Melioidosis and Glanders as Possible Biological Weapons
David Allan Brett Dance
1. Introduction 99
2. History, Distribution, and Epidemiology 99
2.1. Melioidosis 99
2.2. Glanders 101
3. Microbiology and Pathogenesis 101
3.1. Taxonomy 101
3.2. Characteristics 102
3.2.1. General 102
3.2.2. Antigenic Structure 102
3.3. Ecology and Environmental Survival 104
xii Contents
3.4. Antibiotic Susceptibility 104
3.5. Genomics 105
3.6. Typing Systems 106
3.7. Bacterial Virulence 106
3.7.1. Endotoxin and Lipids 106
3.7.2. Capsule 107
3.7.3. Flagella 107
3.7.4. Exotoxins and Enzymes 107
3.7.5. Secretion Systems 108
3.7.6. Siderophores 108
3.7.7. Adhesion 108
3.7.8. Intracellular Growth 109
3.8. Host Defense 110
3.8.1. Humoral Immunity Ill
3.8.2. Intrinsic and Cellular Immunity Ill
3.8.3. Immunopathogenesis 112
4. Clinical Spectrum 112
4.1. Melioidosis 112
4.1.1. Mild and Subclinical Infections 113
4.1.2. Latent Infections 113
4.1.3. Clinical Disease 113
4.2. Glanders 115
5. Animal Models 116
5.1. Melioidosis 116
5.2. Glanders 117
6. Potential as a Biological Weapon 117
6.1. Glanders 117
6.2. Melioidosis 118
7. Diagnosis and Treatment 119
7.1. Clinical Diagnosis 119
7.2. Laboratory Diagnosis 120
7.2.1. Microscopy and Culture 120
7.2.2. Serological Methods 122
7.2.3. Molecular Diagnosis 123
7.3. Treatment 124
7.3.1. General 124
7.3.2. Specific Chemotherapy 124
7.3.3. Adjunctive Treatments 126
7.3.4. Outcome and Follow up 126
8. Infection Control Measures 126
8.1. Secondary Spread and Isolation 126
8.2. Environmental Contamination 127
8.3. Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Vaccines 127
9. Future Direction 128
References 129
Contents xiii
Chapter 5
Smallpox as a Weapon for Bioterrorism
J. Michael Lane
1. Introduction 147
2. Virology 147
3. Pathogenesis 148
4. Clinical Disease 149
5. Diagnosis 151
6. Epidemiology 153
6.1. Surveillance and Containment Strategy 153
7. Patient Management and Infection Control 154
8. Potential as a Bioweapon 155
9. Prevention 158
9.1 Vaccination Policy 159
10. Future Directions 161
References 162
Chapter 6
Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses as Biological Weapons
Allison Groseth, Steven Jones, Harvey Artsob, and Heinz Feldmann
1. Introduction 169
2. Epidemiology 173
2.1. Filoviridae: Ebola and Marburg viruses 175
2.2. Arenaviridae: Lassa Fever, Junin, Machupo, Guanarito, and Sabia 177
2.3. Bunyaviridae: Rift Valley Fever and Crimean Congo
Hemorrhagic Fever 179
3. Patient Management 180
3.1. Clinical Recognition 180
3.2. Laboratory Diagnosis 180
3.3. Treatment 181
4. Vaccines 183
5. Public Health Measures 184
5.1. Infection Control 184
5.2. Environmental Decontamination 185
6. Ongoing Research and Proposed Agenda 186
7. Conclusions 186
Acknowledgments 187
References 187
I
xiv Contents
Chapter 7
Botulism as a Potential Agent of Bioterrorism
Thomas P. Bleck, MD, FCCM
1. Introduction 193
2. History of Botulism 194
3. Botulinum Toxin as a Weapon 195
4. Diagnosis 198
5. Treatment 200
6. Management 201
References 202
Chapter 8
Ricin: A Possible, Noninfectious Biological Weapon
Maor Maman, MD, and Yoav Yehezkelli, MD
1. Introduction 205
2. History 205
2.1. The Story of a "Death Umbrella" 206
3. The Toxin 208
3.1. Toxicity 209
4. Ricin as a Potential Bioweapon 210
5. Clinical Presentation 211
5.1. Prognosis 212
5.2. Diagnosis 212
6. Treatment 212
7. Prevention and Vaccine 213
8. Medical Use of Ricin 214
9. Conclusion 214
Acknowledgments 214
References 215
Chapter 9
Bioterrorism Alert for Health Care Workers
Theodore J. Cieslak, MD, George W. Christopher, MD,
and Edward M. Eitzen, Jr., MD, MPH
1. Introduction 217
2. Step 1. Maintain a Healthy "Index of Suspicion" (Or, "How to Recognize
Illness Due to Biological Weapons") 218
3. Step 2. Protect Thyself First 219
3.1. Physical Protection 220
3.2. Chemical Protection 220
3.3. Immunologic Protection (Including "Pros and Cons
of Mass Vaccination") 221
Contents xv
4. Step 3. Save the Patient's Life ("The Primary Assessment") 224
5. Step 4. Disinfect or Decontaminate as Appropriate 224
6. Step 5. Establish a Diagnosis ("The Secondary Assessment") 226
7. Step 6. Provide Prompt Therapy 226
8. Step 7. Institute Proper Infection Control Measures 228
9. Step 8. Alert the Proper Authorities ("Which Agency Should One
Notify for Suspicious Cases?") 229
10. Step 9. Conduct an Epidemiologic Investigation (and Manage
the Medical and Psychological Aftermath of a Bioterror Attack) 232
11. Step 10. Maintain a Level of Proficiency 233
Acknowledgments 234
References 234
Chapter 10
The Economics of Planning and Preparing for Bioterrorism
Martin I. Meltzer
1. Introduction 237
2. How Many Resources?: Basic Concept 237
3. Refining the Basic Concept: Being More Realistic 238
3.1. Cost of Deploying a Planned Intervention 239
3.2. A Special Case: Optimal Amount for Pre event
Protective Interventions 239
3.3. Example 1: Annual "Premiums" for Pandemic
Influenza Preparations 241
3.4. Example 2: Annual "Premiums" to Reduce Probability
of Losses Due to Anthrax Attack 242
4. Categories of Interventions 244
4.1. Postevent Medical Interventions (Reaction Interventions) 246
4.2. Pre event Medical Interventions (Reaction Interventions) 246
4.3. Pre event Protective Interventions: Reducing the
Probability of Attack 247
4.4. Calculating the Savings in Post event Interventions
Due to Pre event Interventions 247
5. Selecting Interventions for Evaluation for Funding 248
6. Calculating the Number of Casualties and Casualties Averted 249
6.1. Types of Mathematical Models 249
6.1.1. Increasing Complexity 250
6.1.2. Deterministic Mathematical Models 250
6.1.3. Stochastic Models 251
6.2. Model Limitations 251
6.2.1. Size of Attack 251
6.2.2. Numbers Initially Infected and Implicit Assumptions 252
6.2.3. Why Not Use "Worst Case?" 252
6.3. Realistic Expectations and Keeping It Simple 253
6.3.1. Sensitivity Analyses and Policy Levers 253
xvi Contents
7. Calculating the Value of Casualties and Other Losses Averted 254
8. Probability of an Event Occurring 255
9. Selecting Between the Options 256
10. Summary 256
References 257 |
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| dewey-ones | 616 - Diseases |
| dewey-raw | 616.9 |
| dewey-search | 616.9 |
| dewey-sort | 3616.9 |
| dewey-tens | 610 - Medicine and health |
| discipline | Medizin |
| discipline_str_mv | Medizin |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/b102143 |
| format | Electronic eBook |
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| id | DE-604.BV022300694 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:54:57Z |
| indexdate | 2024-08-01T16:15:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0387236856 9780387236858 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015510697 |
| oclc_num | 846143397 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-12 DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-739 DE-20 DE-706 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-1102 DE-858 DE-1028 DE-573 DE-859 DE-860 DE-M347 DE-1049 DE-92 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-128 DE-54 DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-150 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-2070s DE-521 DE-522 DE-526 DE-11 DE-83 DE-70 DE-634 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-188 DE-12 DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-703 DE-29 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-739 DE-20 DE-706 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-1102 DE-858 DE-1028 DE-573 DE-859 DE-860 DE-M347 DE-1049 DE-92 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-128 DE-54 DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-150 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-2070s DE-521 DE-522 DE-526 DE-11 DE-83 DE-70 DE-634 |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource ( xvi, 274 Seiten) |
| psigel | ZDB-1-SMI ZDB-2-SME |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Emerging infectious diseases of the 21st century |
| spellingShingle | Bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century Biologische Waffe (DE-588)4145624-5 gnd Pathogener Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4044890-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4145624-5 (DE-588)4044890-3 |
| title | Bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century |
| title_auth | Bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century |
| title_exact_search | Bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century |
| title_full | Bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century edited by I. W. Fong and Kenneth Alibek |
| title_fullStr | Bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century edited by I. W. Fong and Kenneth Alibek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century edited by I. W. Fong and Kenneth Alibek |
| title_short | Bioterrorism and infectious agents |
| title_sort | bioterrorism and infectious agents a new dilemma for the 21st century |
| title_sub | a new dilemma for the 21st century |
| topic | Biologische Waffe (DE-588)4145624-5 gnd Pathogener Mikroorganismus (DE-588)4044890-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biologische Waffe Pathogener Mikroorganismus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/b102143 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015510697&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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