The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning: a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment
Gespeichert in:
| 1. Verfasser: | |
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| Format: | Abschlussarbeit Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Bayreuth
Selbstverl. des BayCEER
2005
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| Schriftenreihe: | Bayreuther Forum Ökologie
110 |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Beschreibung: | VI, 278 S. graph. Darst. |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning |b a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment |c Carsten Neßhöver |
| 264 | 1 | |a Bayreuth |b Selbstverl. des BayCEER |c 2005 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Contents I
Contents
DANKSAGUNG................................................................................................ IX
1 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1
1.1 The idea of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning...............................................1
1.2 Grasslands in Central Europe....................................................................................2
1.2.1 Origin and types of grasslands in Central Europe..................................................2
1.2.2 Phytodiversity in grasslands...................................................................................3
1.2.3 Ecosystem functioning in grasslands.....................................................................5
1.3 Experiments on the diversity-ecosystem functioning relationship in grasslands 5
1.4 The framework of this study......................................................................................6
1.4.1 The experimental background: A study connecting controlled experiment and
observational study.................................................................................................6
14.2 General structure....................................................................................................8
1.5 Objectives and research questions...........................................................................9
1.5.1 Objectives...............................................................................................................9
1.5.2 Research questions..............................................................................................10
2 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND AND CURRENT KNOWLEDGE.............................................12
2.1 Definitions..................................................................................................................12
2.1.1 Ecosystem functioning..........................................................................................12
2.1.2 Diversity................................................................................................................13
2.2 The interdependence of environmental conditions, diversity, and ecosystem
functioning................................................................................................................14
2.2.1 The relationship between environment and diversity...........................................15
2.2.2 The relationship between environment and ecosystem functioning....................16
2.2.3 The role of external (human) disturbance and environmental variation...............17
2.2.4 Intrinsic factors of the abiotic component and its direct influence on diversity ....18
2.2.5 Intrinsic factors of the biotic component - the niche, competition and evolution. 18
2.3 Hypotheses and mechanisms for the influence of phytodiversity on ecosystem
functioning................................................................................................................19
2.3.1 General hypotheses.............................................................................................19
2.3.2 Potential mechanisms..........................................................................................20
3 A THEORETICAL CONCEPT FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF FUNCTIONAL
DIVERSITY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING............24
3.1 Understanding grasslands as complex adaptive systems...................................24
3.1.1 Properties of a complex adaptive system.............................................................24
3.1.2 Stability in a complex adaptive system.................................................................26
3.2 A new concept of functional diversity (FDC)..........................................................27
3.2.1 Spatial and temporal constraints for vegetation development and their functional
outcome: functional response and effect.............................................................27
3.2.2 Breaking down phytodiversity: Which is the appropriate informational level for
describing diversity?.............................................................................................29
Contents
3.2.3 Comparative aspects and constraints..................................................................34
3.3 Conclusions and discussion....................................................................................36
3.3.1 Connecting FDC with ecosystem functioning.......................................................36
3.3.2 Using the connection of experiment and observational study for investigation of
the BD-EF relationship.........................................................................................39
4 MATERIAL AND METHODS.............................................................................41
4.1 Study site: History and experimental design.........................................................41
4.1.1 Location................................................................................................................41
4.1.2 Experimental design.............................................................................................43
4.2 Methods for analysis.................................................................................................46
4.2.1 General considerations.........................................................................................46
4.2.2 Field measurements.............................................................................................47
4.2.3 Database of species and their functional characteristics.....................................49
4.2.4 Statistical analysis................................................................................................49
5 DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIP OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY................................................................................53
5.1 Questions and rationale............................................................................................53
5.2 Material and methods................................................................................................54
5.2.1 Species pools.......................................................................................................54
5.2.2 Database of traits and FATs.................................................................................55
5.2.3 PFT classification.................................................................................................60
5.2.4 Measures of diversity............................................................................................61
5.3 Results........................................................................................................................66
5.3.1 Development of species diversity.........................................................................66
5.3.2 Trait diversity........................................................................................................70
5.3.3 Diversity of functional attributes...........................................................................74
5.3.4 Plant functional types...........................................................................................81
5.4 Discussion..................................................................................................................87
5.4.1 Constraints of measures and quality of trait database.........................................87
5.4.2 The relationship between functional and taxonomic diversity..............................88
5.4.3 Changes of diversity with ongoing succession.....................................................90
5.4.4 Conclusions..........................................................................................................91
6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON
PRODUCTIVITY.................................................................................................93
6.1 Question and rationale..............................................................................................93
6.1.1 Climatic conditions................................................................................................93
6.1.2 Soil and plant nutritional status.............................................................................94
6.2 Additional material methods................................................................................95
6.3 Results........................................................................................................................96
6.3.1 Climatic conditions................................................................................................96
6.3.2 Soil conditions nutritional status of plants.........................................................99
6.4 Discussion______.................________________________________________101
Contents III
7 DIVERSITY AND THE RATE OF PRODUCTIVITY.........................................104
7.1 Question and rationale............................................................................................104
7.2 Additional methods.................................................................................................106
7.3 Results......................................................................................................................107
7.3.1 General development of productivity.................................................................107
7.3.2 Persistence of initial diversity influence on biomass.........................................110
7.3.3 Univariate diversity measures and productivity.................................................117
7.3.4 Multivariate statistics for the combination of different measures......................133
7.4 Discussion................................................................................................................137
7.4.1 Methods.............................................................................................................137
7.4.2 Which diversity is the best predictor?................................................................139
7.4.3 The permanent influence of diversity on productivity........................................140
8 DIVERSITY AND VARIABILITY OF PRODUCTIVITY.....................................145
8.1 Question and rationale............................................................................................145
8.2 Additional methods.................................................................................................146
8.3 Results......................................................................................................................147
8.3.1 Variability between years and diversity levels...................................................147
8.3.2 Plot variability in the succession phase.............................................................150
8.3.3 Insurance effect.................................................................................................150
8.4 Discussion Conclusions.....................................................................................152
9 INVASION OF COMMUNITIES AND SPECIES-SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT. 154
9.1 Question and rationale............................................................................................154
9.2 Additional methods.................................................................................................155
9.2.1 Calculation of invasion......................................................................................155
9.2.2 Functional diversity............................................................................................156
9.2.3 Methods of analysis...........................................................................................156
9.3 Results......................................................................................................................157
9.3.1 Richness of immigrating species.......................................................................157
9.3.2 Biomass of immigrating and sown species.......................................................159
9.3.3 Abundances and dominance of invading species.............................................165
9.3.4 Functional diversity............................................................................................168
9.4 Discussion................................................................................................................171
9.4.1 Original design and invasibility..........................................................................171
9.4.2 Saturation and the structure of communities.....................................................173
10 GENERAL DISCUSSION: FACETS OF DIVERSITY AND THEIR ROLE FOR
ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING.........................................................................175
10.1 The exploratory approach......................................................................................175
10.2 Diversity s role for productivity rate and variability -
an interplay of mechanisms.................................................................................176
10.2.1 Selection and complementarity.........................................................................176
10.2.2 Variability...........................................................................................................179
10.2.3 Including time and carrying capacity: The habitat template model...................180
10.3 Evaluating the Functional Diversity Concept.......................................................184
IV Contents
10.4 A complex adaptive system and the role of its diversity....................................186
10.4.1 Complex adaptive grassland.............................................................................186
10.4.2 Scale, filters and functionality............................................................................188
10.5 Perspectives.............................................................................................................189
11 SUMMARY.......................................................................................................191
12 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG...................................................................................195
12.1 Einleitung und Fragestellung.................................................................................195
12.2 Material Methoden...............................................................................................197
12.2.1 Untersuchungsflache Experimentdesign.......................................................197
12.2.2 Datenertiebung Auswertungsmethodik..........................................................197
12.3 Konzept zur funktionellen Diversitat.....................................................................198
12.4 Ergebnisse und Diskussion...................................................................................199
12.4.1 Diversitatsebenen..............................................................................................199
12.4.2 Abiotische Faktoren...........................................................................................200
12.4.3 Einfluss derDiversitat aufdie Rate der Produktivitat........................................201
12.4.4 Einfluss der Diversitat aufdie Variability der Produktivitat...............................202
12.4.5 Einwanderung und artspezifische Entwicklung.................................................203
12.5 Schlussfolgerungen................................................................................................204
72.5.7 DerDiversita ts-Pmduktivita ts-Zusammenhang.................................................204
12.5.2 Das Konzept der funktionellen Diversity..........................................................205
12.5.3 Grunland als komplex adaptives System..........................................................206
13 REFERENCES.................................................................................................207
14 APPENDIX.......................................................................................................223
14.1 Species compositions and data.............................................................................223
14.2 Results......................................................................................................................233
14.2.1 Aspects of diversity (Chap.5)............................................................................233
14.2.2 Diversity and productivity rate (Chap.7)............................................................246
14.2.3 Invasibility of communities (Chap.9)....................................................................273
|
| adam_txt |
Contents I
Contents
DANKSAGUNG. IX
1 INTRODUCTION.1
1.1 The idea of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.1
1.2 Grasslands in Central Europe.2
1.2.1 Origin and types of grasslands in Central Europe.2
1.2.2 Phytodiversity in grasslands.3
1.2.3 Ecosystem functioning in grasslands.5
1.3 Experiments on the diversity-ecosystem functioning relationship in grasslands 5
1.4 The framework of this study.6
1.4.1 The experimental background: A study connecting controlled experiment and
observational study.6
14.2 General structure.8
1.5 Objectives and research questions.9
1.5.1 Objectives.9
1.5.2 Research questions.10
2 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING: THEORETICAL
BACKGROUND AND CURRENT KNOWLEDGE.12
2.1 Definitions.12
2.1.1 Ecosystem functioning.12
2.1.2 Diversity.13
2.2 The interdependence of environmental conditions, diversity, and ecosystem
functioning.14
2.2.1 The relationship between environment and diversity.15
2.2.2 The relationship between environment and ecosystem functioning.16
2.2.3 The role of external (human) disturbance and environmental variation.17
2.2.4 Intrinsic factors of the abiotic component and its direct influence on diversity .18
2.2.5 Intrinsic factors of the biotic component - the niche, competition and evolution. 18
2.3 Hypotheses and mechanisms for the influence of phytodiversity on ecosystem
functioning.19
2.3.1 General hypotheses.19
2.3.2 Potential mechanisms.20
3 A THEORETICAL CONCEPT FOR THE UNDERSTANDING OF FUNCTIONAL
DIVERSITY AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING.24
3.1 Understanding grasslands as complex adaptive systems.24
3.1.1 Properties of a complex adaptive system.24
3.1.2 Stability in a complex adaptive system.26
3.2 A new concept of functional diversity (FDC).27
3.2.1 Spatial and temporal constraints for vegetation development and their functional
outcome: functional response and effect.27
3.2.2 Breaking down phytodiversity: Which is the appropriate informational level for
describing diversity?.29
Contents
3.2.3 Comparative aspects and constraints.34
3.3 Conclusions and discussion.36
3.3.1 Connecting FDC with ecosystem functioning.36
3.3.2 Using the connection of experiment and observational study for investigation of
the BD-EF relationship.39
4 MATERIAL AND METHODS.41
4.1 Study site: History and experimental design.41
4.1.1 Location.41
4.1.2 Experimental design.43
4.2 Methods for analysis.46
4.2.1 General considerations.46
4.2.2 Field measurements.47
4.2.3 Database of species and their functional characteristics.49
4.2.4 Statistical analysis.49
5 DEVELOPMENT AND RELATIONSHIP OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF
FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY.53
5.1 Questions and rationale.53
5.2 Material and methods.54
5.2.1 Species pools.54
5.2.2 Database of traits and FATs.55
5.2.3 PFT classification.60
5.2.4 Measures of diversity.61
5.3 Results.66
5.3.1 Development of species diversity.66
5.3.2 Trait diversity.70
5.3.3 Diversity of functional attributes.74
5.3.4 Plant functional types.81
5.4 Discussion.87
5.4.1 Constraints of measures and quality of trait database.87
5.4.2 The relationship between functional and taxonomic diversity.88
5.4.3 Changes of diversity with ongoing succession.90
5.4.4 Conclusions.91
6 ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON
PRODUCTIVITY.93
6.1 Question and rationale.93
6.1.1 Climatic conditions.93
6.1.2 Soil and plant nutritional status.94
6.2 Additional material methods.95
6.3 Results.96
6.3.1 Climatic conditions.96
6.3.2 Soil conditions nutritional status of plants.99
6.4 Discussion_._101
Contents III
7 DIVERSITY AND THE RATE OF PRODUCTIVITY.104
7.1 Question and rationale.104
7.2 Additional methods.106
7.3 Results.107
7.3.1 General development of productivity.107
7.3.2 Persistence of initial diversity influence on biomass.110
7.3.3 Univariate diversity measures and productivity.117
7.3.4 Multivariate statistics for the combination of different measures.133
7.4 Discussion.137
7.4.1 Methods.137
7.4.2 Which diversity is the best predictor?.139
7.4.3 The permanent influence of diversity on productivity.140
8 DIVERSITY AND VARIABILITY OF PRODUCTIVITY.145
8.1 Question and rationale.145
8.2 Additional methods.146
8.3 Results.147
8.3.1 Variability between years and diversity levels.147
8.3.2 Plot variability in the succession phase.150
8.3.3 Insurance effect.150
8.4 Discussion Conclusions.152
9 INVASION OF COMMUNITIES AND SPECIES-SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT. 154
9.1 Question and rationale.154
9.2 Additional methods.155
9.2.1 Calculation of invasion.155
9.2.2 Functional diversity.156
9.2.3 Methods of analysis.156
9.3 Results.157
9.3.1 Richness of immigrating species.157
9.3.2 Biomass of immigrating and sown species.159
9.3.3 Abundances and dominance of invading species.165
9.3.4 Functional diversity.168
9.4 Discussion.171
9.4.1 Original design and invasibility.171
9.4.2 Saturation and the structure of communities.173
10 GENERAL DISCUSSION: FACETS OF DIVERSITY AND THEIR ROLE FOR
ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONING.175
10.1 The exploratory approach.175
10.2 Diversity's role for productivity rate and variability -
an interplay of mechanisms.176
10.2.1 Selection and complementarity.176
10.2.2 Variability.179
10.2.3 Including time and carrying capacity: The habitat template model.180
10.3 Evaluating the Functional Diversity Concept.184
IV Contents
10.4 A complex adaptive system and the role of its diversity.186
10.4.1 Complex adaptive grassland.186
10.4.2 Scale, filters and functionality.188
10.5 Perspectives.189
11 SUMMARY.191
12 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG.195
12.1 Einleitung und Fragestellung.195
12.2 Material Methoden.197
12.2.1 Untersuchungsflache Experimentdesign.197
12.2.2 Datenertiebung Auswertungsmethodik.197
12.3 Konzept zur funktionellen Diversitat.198
12.4 Ergebnisse und Diskussion.199
12.4.1 Diversitatsebenen.199
12.4.2 Abiotische Faktoren.200
12.4.3 Einfluss derDiversitat aufdie Rate der Produktivitat.201
12.4.4 Einfluss der Diversitat aufdie Variability der Produktivitat.202
12.4.5 Einwanderung und artspezifische Entwicklung.203
12.5 Schlussfolgerungen.204
72.5.7 DerDiversita'ts-Pmduktivita'ts-Zusammenhang.204
12.5.2 Das Konzept der funktionellen Diversity.205
12.5.3 Grunland als komplex adaptives System.206
13 REFERENCES.207
14 APPENDIX.223
14.1 Species compositions and data.223
14.2 Results.233
14.2.1 Aspects of diversity (Chap.5).233
14.2.2 Diversity and productivity rate (Chap.7).246
14.2.3 Invasibility of communities (Chap.9).273 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Neßhöver, Carsten |
| author_GND | (DE-588)121836827 |
| author_facet | Neßhöver, Carsten |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Neßhöver, Carsten |
| author_variant | c n cn |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022262677 |
| classification_rvk | WI 1500 |
| classification_tum | BIO 432d GEO 036d |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)162464196 (DE-599)BVBBV022262677 |
| discipline | Geowissenschaften Biologie |
| discipline_str_mv | Geowissenschaften Biologie |
| format | Thesis Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Mitteleuropa |
| id | DE-604.BV022262677 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:43:18Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:53:37Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015473295 |
| oclc_num | 162464196 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-Aug7 DE-20 DE-Eb1 DE-634 DE-188 DE-Grf2 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-M49 DE-BY-TUM DE-12 DE-Aug7 DE-20 DE-Eb1 DE-634 DE-188 DE-Grf2 |
| physical | VI, 278 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Selbstverl. des BayCEER |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Bayreuther Forum Ökologie |
| series2 | Bayreuther Forum Ökologie |
| spelling | Neßhöver, Carsten Verfasser (DE-588)121836827 aut The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment Carsten Neßhöver Bayreuth Selbstverl. des BayCEER 2005 VI, 278 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Bayreuther Forum Ökologie 110 Zugl.: Bayreuth, Univ., Diss., 2005 Pflanzengesellschaft (DE-588)4045563-4 gnd rswk-swf Biomasse (DE-588)4006877-8 gnd rswk-swf Wiese (DE-588)4066052-7 gnd rswk-swf Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd rswk-swf Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd rswk-swf Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd rswk-swf Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Mitteleuropa (DE-588)4039677-0 g Wiese (DE-588)4066052-7 s Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 s Pflanzengesellschaft (DE-588)4045563-4 s DE-604 Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 s Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 s Biomasse (DE-588)4006877-8 s DE-188 Bayreuther Forum Ökologie 110 (DE-604)BV008047580 110 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015473295&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Neßhöver, Carsten The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment Bayreuther Forum Ökologie Pflanzengesellschaft (DE-588)4045563-4 gnd Biomasse (DE-588)4006877-8 gnd Wiese (DE-588)4066052-7 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4045563-4 (DE-588)4006877-8 (DE-588)4066052-7 (DE-588)4601495-0 (DE-588)4043216-6 (DE-588)4158359-0 (DE-588)4039677-0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment |
| title_auth | The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment |
| title_exact_search | The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment |
| title_exact_search_txtP | The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment |
| title_full | The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment Carsten Neßhöver |
| title_fullStr | The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment Carsten Neßhöver |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment Carsten Neßhöver |
| title_short | The role of plant functional diversity in Central European grassland systems for ecosystem functioning |
| title_sort | the role of plant functional diversity in central european grassland systems for ecosystem functioning a conceptual framework and evidence from a long term experiment |
| title_sub | a conceptual framework and evidence from a long-term experiment |
| topic | Pflanzengesellschaft (DE-588)4045563-4 gnd Biomasse (DE-588)4006877-8 gnd Wiese (DE-588)4066052-7 gnd Biodiversität (DE-588)4601495-0 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd Grünland (DE-588)4158359-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pflanzengesellschaft Biomasse Wiese Biodiversität Ökosystem Grünland Mitteleuropa Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015473295&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008047580 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT neßhovercarsten theroleofplantfunctionaldiversityincentraleuropeangrasslandsystemsforecosystemfunctioningaconceptualframeworkandevidencefromalongtermexperiment |