"Peščernye goroda" v Krymu: [guide-book]
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
Simferopolʹ
Sonat
2005
|
| Series: | Novyj krymskij putevoditelʹ
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis Abstract |
| Item Description: | In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Physical Description: | 191 S., [8] Bl. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9668111524 |
Staff View
MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu |b [guide-book] |c Ju. M. Mogaričev |
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| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015473175&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Abstract |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1818164137889366016 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
Содержание
Введение
4
Очерк истории средневекового Крыма
16
Крым в
VI
— VIII
вв.
Крым в
VIII —
IX
вв.
Крым в
X
— XII
вв.
Крым в
XIII —
XV
вв.
(A.B.
Сазанов)
Каламита и инкерманские
пещерные монастыри
68
Чилтер-мармара
89
Шулдан
96
Эски-кермен
100
Мангуп
120
Чилтер-коба и Сюйреньская крепость
145
Качи-кальон
150
Тепе-кермен
154
Кыз-кермен
160
Чу фут-кал
e
163
Бакла
181
Заключение
185
Список сокращений
189
Резюме
Summary
The mountainous Southwest of the Crimean Peninsula is a unique historic and geographical
complex. Fertile valleys and towering above them rock formations, suitable both for protection
in case of external threat and as pastures for cattle, attracted people since olden days. The
Byzantine Empire, the Turkic and the Khazar Khaganates, the Pechenegs and the Polovets, the
Golden Horde, the Crimean Khanate, and the Ottoman Empire extended their power over this
territory succeeding each other and, sometimes, neighboring with each other. The orthodox
Principality of Theodoro existed in
Táurica
during two centuries. All peoples that lived here or
passed through this land left memory behind them existing today as ruins of cities, fortresses,
village settlements, burial grounds. Among them, the unique monuments of the Middle Ages, the
so-called "cave cities," deserve special attention. They differ in size, status (fortresses, towns,
villages, monasteries), history, but they all have one common feature
—
existence of man-made
caves carved into the pearlwort and nummulitic rocks alongside the remains of the above-ground
structures.
In the Middle Ages, eight monasteries occupying more than three hundred rooms carved
into cliffs functioned in Inkerman Valley. About thirty churches are known among these
caves. The first cliff monuments
—
cells of monks-hermits
—
appeared here as early as the 10th
century. Most of the rooms were carved in the 14th
—
15th centuries.
The fortress of
Kalamita
is located at the southwestern extremity of Monastery Rock
overhanging Inkerman Valley. It was built during the' Early Middle Ages by the Byzantine
government of
Taurica.
In the 14th
—
15th centuries, the fortress became a major sea port and
a stronghold of Theodoro Principality. In
1475,
Kalamita
was seized by the Turks.
The monastery of Shuldan (Returning Echo) is located to the north of the village of
Ternovka of Sevastopol Municipality in the steeps of Shuldan Rock towering above Shula Valley.
The monastery consists of two cave temples and utility premises numbering up to
20
in total.
They are arranged in two levels. The monastery had two building periods. It appeared in the
13th
—
14th century and at the end of the 14th
—
beginning of the 15th century was substantially
rebuilt. At that time, Shuldan became one of the residences of the Gothic Metropolitan.
The monastery of Chilter (Lattice) or Chilter-Marmara is located
1.5
km to the
northwest of the village of Ternovka of Sevastopol Municipality in the sheer side of Chilter-
Kaya cliff (the Lattice Rock). More than eighty caves are known here arranged in five levels.
Most probably, the monastery appeared in the 12th century in the place of a more ancient
hermit's cell, Its heyday was in the 14th
—
15th centuries. After the capture of the Crimea by the
Turks in
1475,
the monastery fell into decay. Four cave churches are the most outstanding
monuments of Chilter, of which the best known is the one on the second level in a natural cliff
grotto.
Eski-Kermen (the Old Fortress) is
б
km to the southwest of the village of
Krasny Mak.
It is located on a plateau of a flat-top mountain with sheer slopes. It is one of the most
interesting "cave cities." It appeared at the end of the 6th century as
ą
Byzantine fortress and
existed up to the middle of the 14th century, in the 12th
—
13th century, a medieval city
appeared here. A basilica, built in the 6th century, the remains of estates and defense walls attract
special attention in Eski-Kermen. The monument boasts its four hundred caves including a siege
well cut in the rock from the surface down to the foot of the plateau, the North Outpost defenses,
and several cave churches
—
the Three Horsemen Church, the Assumption Church, the
Donators'
Church, etc.
Mangup
is located near the village of Hajji-sala of Bakhchsarai District. It is the largest
"cave city" covering an area of
90
ha. It appeared in the 6th century as a Byzantine fortress. In
the 7th century it was seized by the Khazars for a short time. In the 14th
—
15th centuries, it was
the capital of Theodoro Principality, which was seized by the Turks in
1475.
The most remarkable
monuments of
Mangup
are the remains of defense walls of the 6th
—
loth centuries, the largest
in the mountainous Crimea basilica of the 6th—16th centuries, the palace of Theodoro's rulers
of the 15th century, the ruins of the citadel of
Mangup
princes of the 14th—15th centuries, the
Karaite cemetery of the 15th
—
18th centuries, the cave orthodox monastery of the 15th
century at the foot of the southern cliff.
The fortress of Siuyren (the Sharp Pike) is located on Cape Kule-Burun (the Cape
Tower) overhanging the village of Malosadovoye of Bakhchsarai District. The fortress was built
here by the Byzantines in the middle of the 9th century for protection of the approaches to the
center of the Crimean Gothia,
Mangup,
and existed till
1475
when it was destroyed by the Turks.
190
Chilter-koba monastery (the Cave with a Lattice) is located in the Belbek river valley
in the sheer cliff of Cape Ay-Todor (St. Theodorus) near the village of Malosadovoye of
Bakhchisarai District. The architectural ensemble of the monastery consists of twenty-three
rooms carved into the rock, including one cave temple. It is an archeological monument of only
one time period, without traces of significant repairs and renovations. The monastery was
founded in the 14th
—
15th century, and it could accommodate not more than
14—16
monks.
Most probably, it bore the name of St. Theodorus and was destroyed in
1475
by the Turks during
the capture of the Crimea. A temple fitted in a natural cliff grotto is the most significant
monument of Chilter-koba.
The site of ancient settlement Tepe-Kermcn (the Fortress on a Mountain) is located in
the valley of the river Kacha,
7
km to the southeast of Bakhchisarai. It appeared in the 6th
century as a fortress on the border of the Byzantine possessions in
Taurica. In
the 12th
—
13th
centuries, a small urban settlement appeared on the plateau, and the whole area was densely built
up. At the end of the 13th—middle of the 14th century, Tepe-Kermen suffered an enemy attack,
after that the life on the plateau decayed.
This site is particularly noteworthy for a high concentration of cave structures. There are
about
250
known of them within an area of about
1
ha.
The site of ancient settlement Kyz-Kermen is
5
km to the southeast of Bakhchisarai,
near the village of Mashino. It is a one-layer archeological monument dated by the second half
of the 8th
—
middle of the 9th century which was founded by the incomers from the Khazar
Khaganate. The life in the settlement ceased in the middle of the 9th century with Byzantium's
regaining its control of the mountainous Crimea.
Kachi-kalion (the Cross-like Ship) is located on the right bank of the river Kacha
0.5
km to the northwest of the village of Bashtanovka of Bakhchsarai District. The total area of the
settlement is about
25
ha. Most probably, it is a composite monument: an unprotected rural
settlement, one or several fortifications, a monastery (at a later stage) existed here at different
times starting from the Middle Ages till the beginning of the 20th century. The most famous
attractions of Kachi-kalion are grouped around five natural grottos. The most noteworthy here
are a small cave church located near the First grotto, remains of winepresses, more than a
hundred of caves that were used mainly for economic activities. The rains of the hermitage of St.
Anastasia
that functioned from the middle of the 19th till the beginning of the 20th century can
be seen in the Fourth grotto and below it on the mountain side.
The site of ancient settlement Chufut-Kale is located on the southeast outskirts of
Bakhchisarai. A fortress built by the Byzantines appeared here during the Early Middle Ages (end
of the 6th
—
beginning of the 7th century). In the 11th
—
middle of the 14th centuries, this
settlement was known as the center of the Crimean Alans' area. In the mid 14th century, it was
seized by the Golden Horde and became a center of their beylik (principality). In the mid 15th
century, Chufut-Kale became the first capital of the Crimean Khanate. After the founding of
Bakhchisarai, the fortress gradually lost its importance, and from the 17th century only Judaic
and Armenian communities remained there. From the 1780s, only the Karaites (followers of the
Karaite sect in Judaism) lived on the plateau of Chufut-Kale. By the early 20th century, all
inhabitants finally abandoned this place. The nowadays revived orthodox Uspensky
(Assumption) monastery can be seen farther to the east. It was founded in the 15th century
and in the second half of the 19th century was thoroughly rebuilt. The monastery was closed in
1920
and was reopened in the early
1990s.
To the east of the monastery, in the Valley of Jehosaphat, there is a huge cemetery
(19th
—
20th centuries) of the Judaic community of Chufut-Kale with a lot of interesting
tombstones.
The site of ancient settlement Bakla (4th—14th centuries) is located in
2.5
km to the
north of the village of Skalistoye of Bakhchsarai District. The settlement consists of a citadel
built by the Byzantines on the northern border of their possessions in
Táurica
at the end of the
6th century and the adjacent to it suburb. In the 10th
—
14th centuries, Bakla was one of the small
towns of the Southwest Crimea. At the end of the 13th—middle of the 14th century, the life in
the settlement decayed. Today, one can see here the remains of estates, of a defense wall, and
more than
90
caves that were used for religious, economic, and burial purposes.
191 |
| adam_txt |
Содержание
Введение
4
Очерк истории средневекового Крыма
16
Крым в
VI
— VIII
вв.
Крым в
VIII —
IX
вв.
Крым в
X
— XII
вв.
Крым в
XIII —
XV
вв.
(A.B.
Сазанов)
Каламита и инкерманские
пещерные монастыри
68
Чилтер-мармара
89
Шулдан
96
Эски-кермен
100
Мангуп
120
Чилтер-коба и Сюйреньская крепость
145
Качи-кальон
150
Тепе-кермен
154
Кыз-кермен
160
Чу фут-кал
e
163
Бакла
181
Заключение
185
Список сокращений
189
Резюме
Summary
The mountainous Southwest of the Crimean Peninsula is a unique historic and geographical
complex. Fertile valleys and towering above them rock formations, suitable both for protection
in case of external threat and as pastures for cattle, attracted people since olden days. The
Byzantine Empire, the Turkic and the Khazar Khaganates, the Pechenegs and the Polovets, the
Golden Horde, the Crimean Khanate, and the Ottoman Empire extended their power over this
territory succeeding each other and, sometimes, neighboring with each other. The orthodox
Principality of Theodoro existed in
Táurica
during two centuries. All peoples that lived here or
passed through this land left memory behind them existing today as ruins of cities, fortresses,
village settlements, burial grounds. Among them, the unique monuments of the Middle Ages, the
so-called "cave cities," deserve special attention. They differ in size, status (fortresses, towns,
villages, monasteries), history, but they all have one common feature
—
existence of man-made
caves carved into the pearlwort and nummulitic rocks alongside the remains of the above-ground
structures.
In the Middle Ages, eight monasteries occupying more than three hundred rooms carved
into cliffs functioned in Inkerman Valley. About thirty churches are known among these
caves. The first cliff monuments
—
cells of monks-hermits
—
appeared here as early as the 10th
century. Most of the rooms were carved in the 14th
—
15th centuries.
The fortress of
Kalamita
is located at the southwestern extremity of Monastery Rock
overhanging Inkerman Valley. It was built during the' Early Middle Ages by the Byzantine
government of
Taurica.
In the 14th
—
15th centuries, the fortress became a major sea port and
a stronghold of Theodoro Principality. In
1475,
Kalamita
was seized by the Turks.
The monastery of Shuldan (Returning Echo) is located to the north of the village of
Ternovka of Sevastopol Municipality in the steeps of Shuldan Rock towering above Shula Valley.
The monastery consists of two cave temples and utility premises numbering up to
20
in total.
They are arranged in two levels. The monastery had two building periods. It appeared in the
13th
—
14th century and at the end of the 14th
—
beginning of the 15th century was substantially
rebuilt. At that time, Shuldan became one of the residences of the Gothic Metropolitan.
The monastery of Chilter (Lattice) or Chilter-Marmara is located
1.5
km to the
northwest of the village of Ternovka of Sevastopol Municipality in the sheer side of Chilter-
Kaya cliff (the Lattice Rock). More than eighty caves are known here arranged in five levels.
Most probably, the monastery appeared in the 12th century in the place of a more ancient
hermit's cell, Its heyday was in the 14th
—
15th centuries. After the capture of the Crimea by the
Turks in
1475,
the monastery fell into decay. Four cave churches are the most outstanding
monuments of Chilter, of which the best known is the one on the second level in a natural cliff
grotto.
Eski-Kermen (the Old Fortress) is
б
km to the southwest of the village of
Krasny Mak.
It is located on a plateau of a flat-top mountain with sheer slopes. It is one of the most
interesting "cave cities." It appeared at the end of the 6th century as
ą
Byzantine fortress and
existed up to the middle of the 14th century, in the 12th
—
13th century, a medieval city
appeared here. A basilica, built in the 6th century, the remains of estates and defense walls attract
special attention in Eski-Kermen. The monument boasts its four hundred caves including a siege
well cut in the rock from the surface down to the foot of the plateau, the North Outpost defenses,
and several cave churches
—
the Three Horsemen Church, the Assumption Church, the
Donators'
Church, etc.
Mangup
is located near the village of Hajji-sala of Bakhchsarai District. It is the largest
"cave city" covering an area of
90
ha. It appeared in the 6th century as a Byzantine fortress. In
the 7th century it was seized by the Khazars for a short time. In the 14th
—
15th centuries, it was
the capital of Theodoro Principality, which was seized by the Turks in
1475.
The most remarkable
monuments of
Mangup
are the remains of defense walls of the 6th
—
loth centuries, the largest
in the mountainous Crimea basilica of the 6th—16th centuries, the palace of Theodoro's rulers
of the 15th century, the ruins of the citadel of
Mangup
princes of the 14th—15th centuries, the
Karaite cemetery of the 15th
—
18th centuries, the cave orthodox monastery of the 15th
century at the foot of the southern cliff.
The fortress of Siuyren (the Sharp Pike) is located on Cape Kule-Burun (the Cape
Tower) overhanging the village of Malosadovoye of Bakhchsarai District. The fortress was built
here by the Byzantines in the middle of the 9th century for protection of the approaches to the
center of the Crimean Gothia,
Mangup,
and existed till
1475
when it was destroyed by the Turks.
190
Chilter-koba monastery (the Cave with a Lattice) is located in the Belbek river valley
in the sheer cliff of Cape Ay-Todor (St. Theodorus) near the village of Malosadovoye of
Bakhchisarai District. The architectural ensemble of the monastery consists of twenty-three
rooms carved into the rock, including one cave temple. It is an archeological monument of only
one time period, without traces of significant repairs and renovations. The monastery was
founded in the 14th
—
15th century, and it could accommodate not more than
14—16
monks.
Most probably, it bore the name of St. Theodorus and was destroyed in
1475
by the Turks during
the capture of the Crimea. A temple fitted in a natural cliff grotto is the most significant
monument of Chilter-koba.
The site of ancient settlement Tepe-Kermcn (the Fortress on a Mountain) is located in
the valley of the river Kacha,
7
km to the southeast of Bakhchisarai. It appeared in the 6th
century as a fortress on the border of the Byzantine possessions in
Taurica. In
the 12th
—
13th
centuries, a small urban settlement appeared on the plateau, and the whole area was densely built
up. At the end of the 13th—middle of the 14th century, Tepe-Kermen suffered an enemy attack,
after that the life on the plateau decayed.
This site is particularly noteworthy for a high concentration of cave structures. There are
about
250
known of them within an area of about
1
ha.
The site of ancient settlement Kyz-Kermen is
5
km to the southeast of Bakhchisarai,
near the village of Mashino. It is a one-layer archeological monument dated by the second half
of the 8th
—
middle of the 9th century which was founded by the incomers from the Khazar
Khaganate. The life in the settlement ceased in the middle of the 9th century with Byzantium's
regaining its control of the mountainous Crimea.
Kachi-kalion (the Cross-like Ship) is located on the right bank of the river Kacha
0.5
km to the northwest of the village of Bashtanovka of Bakhchsarai District. The total area of the
settlement is about
25
ha. Most probably, it is a composite monument: an unprotected rural
settlement, one or several fortifications, a monastery (at a later stage) existed here at different
times starting from the Middle Ages till the beginning of the 20th century. The most famous
attractions of Kachi-kalion are grouped around five natural grottos. The most noteworthy here
are a small cave church located near the First grotto, remains of winepresses, more than a
hundred of caves that were used mainly for economic activities. The rains of the hermitage of St.
Anastasia
that functioned from the middle of the 19th till the beginning of the 20th century can
be seen in the Fourth grotto and below it on the mountain side.
The site of ancient settlement Chufut-Kale is located on the southeast outskirts of
Bakhchisarai. A fortress built by the Byzantines appeared here during the Early Middle Ages (end
of the 6th
—
beginning of the 7th century). In the 11th
—
middle of the 14th centuries, this
settlement was known as the center of the Crimean Alans' area. In the mid 14th century, it was
seized by the Golden Horde and became a center of their beylik (principality). In the mid 15th
century, Chufut-Kale became the first capital of the Crimean Khanate. After the founding of
Bakhchisarai, the fortress gradually lost its importance, and from the 17th century only Judaic
and Armenian communities remained there. From the 1780s, only the Karaites (followers of the
Karaite sect in Judaism) lived on the plateau of Chufut-Kale. By the early 20th century, all
inhabitants finally abandoned this place. The nowadays revived orthodox Uspensky
(Assumption) monastery can be seen farther to the east. It was founded in the 15th century
and in the second half of the 19th century was thoroughly rebuilt. The monastery was closed in
1920
and was reopened in the early
1990s.
To the east of the monastery, in the Valley of Jehosaphat, there is a huge cemetery
(19th
—
20th centuries) of the Judaic community of Chufut-Kale with a lot of interesting
tombstones.
The site of ancient settlement Bakla (4th—14th centuries) is located in
2.5
km to the
north of the village of Skalistoye of Bakhchsarai District. The settlement consists of a citadel
built by the Byzantines on the northern border of their possessions in
Táurica
at the end of the
6th century and the adjacent to it suburb. In the 10th
—
14th centuries, Bakla was one of the small
towns of the Southwest Crimea. At the end of the 13th—middle of the 14th century, the life in
the settlement decayed. Today, one can see here the remains of estates, of a defense wall, and
more than
90
caves that were used for religious, economic, and burial purposes.
191 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| any_adam_object_boolean | 1 |
| author | Mogaričev, Jurij Mironovič 1964- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)103629653 |
| author_facet | Mogaričev, Jurij Mironovič 1964- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Mogaričev, Jurij Mironovič 1964- |
| author_variant | j m m jm jmm |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV022262560 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)237106422 (DE-599)BVBBV022262560 |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Krim (DE-588)4033166-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Krim |
| id | DE-604.BV022262560 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:43:15Z |
| indexdate | 2024-12-11T17:00:41Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9668111524 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015473175 |
| oclc_num | 237106422 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 191 S., [8] Bl. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Sonat |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Novyj krymskij putevoditelʹ |
| spelling | Mogaričev, Jurij Mironovič 1964- Verfasser (DE-588)103629653 aut "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] Ju. M. Mogaričev Simferopolʹ Sonat 2005 191 S., [8] Bl. Ill., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Novyj krymskij putevoditelʹ In kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Höhle (DE-588)4025362-4 gnd rswk-swf Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd rswk-swf Krim (DE-588)4033166-0 gnd rswk-swf Krim (DE-588)4033166-0 g Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 s Höhle (DE-588)4025362-4 s Geschichte z DE-604 Digitalisierung BSBMuenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015473175&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB Muenchen application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015473175&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Abstract |
| spellingShingle | Mogaričev, Jurij Mironovič 1964- "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] Höhle (DE-588)4025362-4 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4025362-4 (DE-588)4056723-0 (DE-588)4033166-0 |
| title | "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] |
| title_auth | "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] |
| title_exact_search | "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] |
| title_exact_search_txtP | "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] |
| title_full | "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] Ju. M. Mogaričev |
| title_fullStr | "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] Ju. M. Mogaričev |
| title_full_unstemmed | "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu [guide-book] Ju. M. Mogaričev |
| title_short | "Peščernye goroda" v Krymu |
| title_sort | pescernye goroda v krymu guide book |
| title_sub | [guide-book] |
| topic | Höhle (DE-588)4025362-4 gnd Stadt (DE-588)4056723-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Höhle Stadt Krim |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015473175&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015473175&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mogaricevjurijmironovic pescernyegorodavkrymuguidebook |