Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards: towards disaster resilient societies
A seemingly non-stop series of disasters has shown that societies worldwide seem unprepared for the threats posed by natural hazards. The tragic impacts of these events drew short-term attention from policy makers, the media and the general public, but their response was too late to prevent serious...
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| Format: | Book |
|---|---|
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Tokyo [u.a.]
United Nations University Press
2006
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Table of contents only Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Summary: | A seemingly non-stop series of disasters has shown that societies worldwide seem unprepared for the threats posed by natural hazards. The tragic impacts of these events drew short-term attention from policy makers, the media and the general public, but their response was too late to prevent serious harm. Societies need to measure their vulnerabilities in advance, and make adequate provisions. This publication presents a broad range of current approaches to measuring vulnerability and contains concrete experiences and examples from Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe to illustrate the theoretical analyses.--Publisher's description. |
| Physical Description: | XXVI, 524 S. graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9280811355 9789280811353 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards |b towards disaster resilient societies |c ed. by Jörn Birkmann |
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| 520 | 3 | |a A seemingly non-stop series of disasters has shown that societies worldwide seem unprepared for the threats posed by natural hazards. The tragic impacts of these events drew short-term attention from policy makers, the media and the general public, but their response was too late to prevent serious harm. Societies need to measure their vulnerabilities in advance, and make adequate provisions. This publication presents a broad range of current approaches to measuring vulnerability and contains concrete experiences and examples from Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe to illustrate the theoretical analyses.--Publisher's description. | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Catastrophes naturelles | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Catastrophes naturelles - Systèmes d'alerte | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural disasters | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Natural disaster warning systems | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
List of tables and figures.............................................. ix
List of colour figures.................................................. xv
List of acronyms....................................................... xvii
Foreword .............................................................. xx
Hans van Ginkel
Preface................................................................. xxiii
Sdlvano Briceno
Acknowledgements ................................................... xxvi
Introduction ........................................................... 1
Janos J. Bogardi
Part I: Basic principles and theoretical basis........................ 7
1 Measuring vulnerability to promote disaster-resilient societies:
Conceptual frameworks and definitions.......................... 9
Jorn Birkmann
2 Indicators and criteria for measuring vulnerability: Theoretical
bases and requirements ........................................... 55
Jorn Birkmann
vi CONTENTS______________________________________________
3 Social levels and hazard (in)dependence in determining
vulnerability....................................................... 78
Stefan Schneiderbauer, Daniele Ehrlich
4 User needs: why we need indicators............................. 103
Angela Queste, Peter Lauwe
Part II: Vulnerability and environment............................. 115
5 Environmental components of vulnerability .................... 117
Fabrice G. Renaud
6 Human vulnerability to environmental change: An approach
for UNEP s Global Environmental Outlook (GEO) ........... 128
Marcel TJ. Kok, Vishal Narain, Steven Wonink, Jill Jdger
Part III: Global, national and sub-national index approaches..... 149
7 Review of global risk index projects: Conclusions for sub-
national and local approaches.................................... 151
Mark Pelting
8 The Disaster Risk Index: Overview of a quantitative approach .. 171
Pascal Peduzzi
9 Disaster risk hotspots: A project summary...................... 182
Maxx Dilley
10 A system of indicators for disaster risk management in the
Americas .......................................................... 189
Omar D. Cardona
11 Multi-risk assessment of Europe s regions ...................... 210
Stefan Greiving
12 Disaster vulnerability assessment: The Tanzania experience .. 227
Robert B. Kiunsi, Manoris V. Meshack, et al.
13 A Human Security Index......................................... 246
Erich J. Plate
_________________________________________________CONTENTS vii
Part IV: Local vulnerability assessment............................. 269
14 Community-based disaster risk index: Pilot implementation in
Indonesia .......................................................... 271
Christina Bollin, Ria Hidajat
15 Measuring vulnerability: The ADRC perspective for the
theoretical basis and principles of indicator development ...... 290
Masaru Arakida
16 Vulnerability assessment: The sectoral approach................ 300
Juan Carlos Villagrdn de Leon
17 Self-assessment of coping capacity: Participatory, proactive,
and qualitative engagement of communities in their own risk
management ....................................................... 316
Ben Wisner
18 Measuring vulnerability in Sri Lanka at the local level ......... 329
Jorn Birkmann, Nishara Fernando, Siri Hettige
Part V: Institutional vulnerability, coping and lessons learned ___ 357
19 Assessing institutionalised capacities and practices to reduce
the risks of flood disaster.......................................... 359
Louis Lebel, Elena Nikitina, Vladimir Kotov, Jesse Manuta
20 Public sector financial vulnerability to disasters: The IIASA
CATSIM model ................................................... 380
Reinhard Mechler, Stefan Hochrainer, Joanne Linnerooth-
Bayer, Georg Pflug
Text box Effective measurement of vulnerability is essential to
help those most in harm s way.................................... 399
Simon Homer
21 Overcoming the black hole: Outline for a quantitative model
to compare coping capacities across countries................... 403
Peter Billing, Ulrike Madengruber
22 A methodology for learning lessons: Experiences at the
European level .................................................... 415
Elisabeth Krausmann, Fesil Mushtaq
viii CONTENTS_______________________________________________
23 Conclusion and recommendations............................... 432
Jorn Birkmann
24 Core terminology of disaster reduction: A comparative
glossary............................................................ 448
Katharina Thywissen
List of contributors................................................... 497
Index.................................................................. 510
List of tables and figures
Tables
2.1 Overview and systematisation of selected indicator
approaches to measure vulnerability....................... 70
3.1 Classification of groups and types of hazards.............. 82
3.2 Selected hazard-independent parameters and potential
indicators for vulnerability at different social levels __ 88
3.3 Selected hazard-dependent parameters and potential
indicators for vulnerability at different social levels — 90
6.1 Selected indicators of human insecurity comprising the
standard set.................................................. 134
6.2 Environmental causes and indicators related to
categories of human vulnerability.......................... 137
9.1 Countries receiving emergency loans and reallocation of
existing loans to meet disaster reconstruction needs,
1980-2003 ................................................... 186
10.1 PVIes estimation............................................ 196
10.2 PVIsf estimation............................................ 197
10.3 PVILR estimation............................................ 197
10.4 RMIri estimation ........................................... 200
10.5 RMIrr estimation........................................... 200
10.6 RMIdm estimation .......................................... 201
10.7 RMIfp estimation ........................................... 201
10.8 Indicators of physical risk, social fragility and lack of
resilience and their weights................................. 204
x LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
11.1 Hazard indicators........................................... 217
11.2 Possible indicators for measuring vulnerability in
Europe...................................................... 218
12.1 Characteristics of agro-ecological zones................... 231
12.2 Aggregated coping strategies for drought according to
agro-ecological zones....................................... 240
12.3 Hazards and other factors associated with loss of life — 241
12.4 Ranking of zones according to hazard risk ............... 242
12.5 Vulnerability index parameters by zone .................. 244
14.1 Set of community-based disaster risk indicators.......... 276
15.1 Ratio of amount of damage to GDP (Asia) (1975-2002) 294
18.1 Time that households need to replace housing damage .. 345
19.1 Framework for assessing institutionalised capacities and
practices with regard to flood-related disasters........... 366
19.2 Illustrations of scale-dependent actors, institutions and
perceptions with regard to flood-related disasters........ 368
20.1 Ex-post financing sources for relief and reconstruction .. 383
22.1 Description of the information categories used for data
collection, structuring and retrieval in MARS............ 423
22.2 The NEDIES lessons-learned report format.............. 427
Figures
1.1 Key spheres of the concept of vulnerability .............. 17
1.2 Bohle s conceptual framework for vulnerability analysis 20
1.3 The sustainable livelihood framework .................... 21
1.4 The conceptual framework to identify disaster risk...... 23
1.5 Risk as a result of vulnerability, hazard and deficiencies
in preparedness............................................. 24
1.6 The ISDR framework for disaster risk reduction......... 25
1.7 Turner et al. s vulnerability framework................... 27
1.8 The onion framework...................................... 28
1.9 The Pressure and Release (PAR) model ................. 30
1.10 Theoretical framework and model for holistic approach
to disaster risk assessment and management ............. 33
1.11 The BBC conceptual framework .......................... 34
1.12 The six principles of sustainability......................... 43
1.13 Serageldin s triangle of sustainability ..................... 44
1.14 Egg of sustainable development........................... 46
2.1 The data pyramid........................................... 59
2.2 The model of the three pillars: indicators, data and
goals......................................................... 60
2.3 Development process of vulnerability indicators......... 64
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES xi
2.4 Example of the data gathered in the
MRNatCatSERVICE....................................... 67
3.1 The risk triangle............................................. 80
3.2 Spectrum of hazards ........................................ 83
3.3 Social levels and relevant characteristics of vulnerability . 85
4.2 Framework for risk assessment............................. 105
4.3 The vulnerability of critical infrastructures (CI): holistic
approach..................................................... 110
4.4 Vulnerability of persons in high tide flood-prone areas
of the Baltic Sea............................................. Ill
4.5 Vulnerability of critical sites in high tide flood-prone
areas of the Baltic Sea...................................... 112
5.1 Destruction along the coast, Galle, Sri Lanka............. 120
5.2 Tsunami-impacted paddy fields in Sri Lanka.............. 122
5.3 Potential effects of land degradation on rural and urban
vulnerabilities (economic, social and environmental
vulnerability; coping capacity).............................. 125
6.1 Vulnerability framework.................................... 133
6.2 Linkages between ecosystem services and human well-
being, the MA framework.................................. 142
6.3 Risk factors for attributable DALYs for selected regions 144
7.8 National financial exposure to catastrophic disaster ...... 158
7.9 Absolute economic exposure to catastrophic disaster — 158
7.10 Loss from locally and nationally recognised disasters,
1996-2000 ................................................... 159
7.11 Socioeconomic vulnerability in the Americas, 2000....... 160
7.12 Disaster risk management performance in the Americas,
2000.......................................................... 161
8.2 Comparing exposure and mortality rates in the most/
least developed countries................................... 174
10.2 LDI estimation.............................................. 194
10.3 PVI evaluation .............................................. 198
10.4 RMI evaluation ............................................. 202
11.1 Components of risk......................................... 214
11.2 Calculation of the Integrated Risk Index (IRI) ........... 215
11.3 Integrated risk matrix....................................... 216
12.2 Four main hazards compared according to different
levels......................................................... 234
12.3 Hazard occurrence in different agro-ecological zones __ 236
12.4 Drought occurrence in Tanzania........................... 237
12.5 Coping strategy for drought and pests; disaster
awareness and communication ............................. 238
xii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
12.6 Institutional set-up for disaster manageability at the
village and district level.................................... 238
12.7 Interrelationships between distances from nearest
dispensary and probability of death....................... 242
13.1 Combination of resistance and vulnerability as function
of time ...................................................... 250
13.2 Schematic distribution of resources and resources
needed as function of population income group n........ 253
13.3 Resistance and vulnerability as indices derived from
weighted indicators......................................... 255
13.4 Effect of globalisation and environmental change on
human security ............................................. 257
13.5 Time development of resistance, vulnerability and risk .. 259
13.6 Denning resilience.......................................... 263
14.1 The conceptual framework to identify disaster risk...... 274
14.2 Indicator and index system ................................ 278
14.3 Indonesia: project location................................. 282
Picture 14.1 Discussion with local stakeholders in the district of
Sleman, Yogyakarta .................................. 283
Picture 14.2 The summit of the Merapi volcano lies only 30 km
away from the capital city (left). The district of
Kulon Progo is predominantly affected by
landslides (right)...................................... 284
Picture 14.3 In 1992 a tsunami completely destroyed the
village of Wuring (left picture), but a few years
later the village was rebuilt at the same site and is
still extremely exposed to earthquakes and
tsunamis ............................................... 284
14.4 Disaster Risk Index of a community in Kulon Progo
district prone to landslides................................. 285
14.5 Vulnerability score breakdown of a community in Kulon
Progo district ............................................... 286
14.6 Capacity score breakdown of a community in Kulon
Progo district ............................................... 286
14.7 Disaster Risk: Comparison of a community in Sikka
district (left) and a community in Kulon Progo district
(right) ....................................................... 287
15.1 Mechanism of natural disaster reduction.................. 292
15.2 Percentage of world population affected by natural
disaster in different regions (1975-2002).................. 293
15.3 Amount of damage caused worldwide by different
disaster types (1975-2002)................................. 293
15.4 Quake-resilience assessment of homes.................... 295
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES xiii
15.5 Self-assessment of flood capacity: questionnaire .......... 295
15.6 Self-assessment of flood capacity: results .................. 296
15.7 Self-assessment for local government: assessment
process....................................................... 297
15.9 Matrix of indicators......................................... 298
15.10 3-D matrix of indicators .................................... 298
16.1 Hazards and vulnerability, and their relationship with
disasters and coping capacities ............................. 304
16.2 The dimensions of vulnerability............................ 305
16.3 Matrix to evaluate structural vulnerability with respect
to eruptions.................................................. 308
16.5 Matrix to calculate the functional vulnerability of a
health centre with respect to floods........................ 310
16.6 The composition of risk..................................... 311
16.7 Risk map associated with eruptions, Pacaya volcano in
Guatemala................................................... 312
17.1 Timeline ..................................................... 321
17.2 Example of a seasonal calendar............................ 321
17.3 Example of a Venn diagram................................ 322
18.1 The BBC conceptual framework........................... 331
18.3 Overview of selected sites in Galle for the
questionnaire-based research............................... 335
18.5 Dead and injured people in the 100-metre zone and
outside in the selected GN divisions in Galle (in %) ..... 340
18.6 Housing damage in the 100-metre zone and outside in
the selected GN divisions in Galle (in %)................. 340
18.7 Development of unemployment before and after the
tsunami in selected GN divisions in Galle................. 343
18.9 The index applied to house damage and land title........ 346
18.10 Landownership and spatial exposure in the selected GN
divisions ..................................................... 347
18.12 Willingness to resettle in a safer location inland.......... 350
19.1 Institutions modify vulnerabilities and hence risks of
flood-related disasters through several pathways ......... 362
20.1 Public sector financial vulnerability to natural hazards ... 383
20.2 Financing gap in India after the Gujarat earthquake ..... 385
20.3 Financial vulnerability and the CATSIM methodology ... 387
20.4 Financial vulnerability to 100-year event in four Latin
American countries......................................... 391
20.7 Cumulative probability distribution of direct asset
damages for storm and flood for Honduras ............... 394
Textbox, Simon Horner: Figure for Box 21.1: Water supply at
Kasab camp ................................................. 401
xiv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
21.1 Coping capacity classification in descending order for
selected countries........................................... 411
22.1 Schematic description of the lessons-learning
methodology................................................ 418
22.2 Example of a quantitative analysis of the human and
organisational causes of accidents contained in the
MARS Full Reports........................................ 425
24.1 For earthquake hazard, the two lines represent the
different magnitude - frequency relationships for two
different fictitious regions, region x and region y. The
two lines are region-specific................................ 486
24.2 Sample residential damage function for the hazard of a
tornado...................................................... 487
24.3 Coping capacity and resilience are hard to delineate.
Resilience is understood to be the more encompassing
term.......................................................... 490
24.4 Risk seen as a function of hazard, vulnerability,
exposure and resilience, while the mathematical
relationship between the variables is unknown........... 491
|
| adam_txt |
Contents
List of tables and figures. ix
List of colour figures. xv
List of acronyms. xvii
Foreword . xx
Hans van Ginkel
Preface. xxiii
Sdlvano Briceno
Acknowledgements . xxvi
Introduction . 1
Janos J. Bogardi
Part I: Basic principles and theoretical basis. 7
1 Measuring vulnerability to promote disaster-resilient societies:
Conceptual frameworks and definitions. 9
Jorn Birkmann
2 Indicators and criteria for measuring vulnerability: Theoretical
bases and requirements . 55
Jorn Birkmann
vi CONTENTS_
3 Social levels and hazard (in)dependence in determining
vulnerability. 78
Stefan Schneiderbauer, Daniele Ehrlich
4 User needs: why we need indicators. 103
Angela Queste, Peter Lauwe
Part II: Vulnerability and environment. 115
5 Environmental components of vulnerability . 117
Fabrice G. Renaud
6 Human vulnerability to environmental change: An approach
for UNEP's Global Environmental Outlook (GEO) . 128
Marcel TJ. Kok, Vishal Narain, Steven Wonink, Jill Jdger
Part III: Global, national and sub-national index approaches. 149
7 Review of global risk index projects: Conclusions for sub-
national and local approaches. 151
Mark Pelting
8 The Disaster Risk Index: Overview of a quantitative approach . 171
Pascal Peduzzi
9 Disaster risk hotspots: A project summary. 182
Maxx Dilley
10 A system of indicators for disaster risk management in the
Americas . 189
Omar D. Cardona
11 Multi-risk assessment of Europe's regions . 210
Stefan Greiving
12 Disaster vulnerability assessment: The Tanzania experience . 227
Robert B. Kiunsi, Manoris V. Meshack, et al.
13 A Human Security Index. 246
Erich J. Plate
_CONTENTS vii
Part IV: Local vulnerability assessment. 269
14 Community-based disaster risk index: Pilot implementation in
Indonesia . 271
Christina Bollin, Ria Hidajat
15 Measuring vulnerability: The ADRC perspective for the
theoretical basis and principles of indicator development . 290
Masaru Arakida
16 Vulnerability assessment: The sectoral approach. 300
Juan Carlos Villagrdn de Leon
17 Self-assessment of coping capacity: Participatory, proactive,
and qualitative engagement of communities in their own risk
management . 316
Ben Wisner
18 Measuring vulnerability in Sri Lanka at the local level . 329
Jorn Birkmann, Nishara Fernando, Siri Hettige
Part V: Institutional vulnerability, coping and lessons learned _ 357
19 Assessing institutionalised capacities and practices to reduce
the risks of flood disaster. 359
Louis Lebel, Elena Nikitina, Vladimir Kotov, Jesse Manuta
20 Public sector financial vulnerability to disasters: The IIASA
CATSIM model . 380
Reinhard Mechler, Stefan Hochrainer, Joanne Linnerooth-
Bayer, Georg Pflug
Text box Effective measurement of vulnerability is essential to
help those most in harm's way. 399
Simon Homer
21 Overcoming the black hole: Outline for a quantitative model
to compare coping capacities across countries. 403
Peter Billing, Ulrike Madengruber
22 A methodology for learning lessons: Experiences at the
European level . 415
Elisabeth Krausmann, Fesil Mushtaq
viii CONTENTS_
23 Conclusion and recommendations. 432
Jorn Birkmann
24 Core terminology of disaster reduction: A comparative
glossary. 448
Katharina Thywissen
List of contributors. 497
Index. 510
List of tables and figures
Tables
2.1 Overview and systematisation of selected indicator
approaches to measure vulnerability. 70
3.1 Classification of groups and types of hazards. 82
3.2 Selected hazard-independent parameters and potential
indicators for vulnerability at different "social levels"_ 88
3.3 Selected hazard-dependent parameters and potential
indicators for vulnerability at different "social levels" — 90
6.1 Selected indicators of human insecurity comprising the
standard set. 134
6.2 Environmental causes and indicators related to
categories of human vulnerability. 137
9.1 Countries receiving emergency loans and reallocation of
existing loans to meet disaster reconstruction needs,
1980-2003 . 186
10.1 PVIes estimation. 196
10.2 PVIsf estimation. 197
10.3 PVILR estimation. 197
10.4 RMIri estimation . 200
10.5 RMIrr estimation. 200
10.6 RMIdm estimation . 201
10.7 RMIfp estimation . 201
10.8 Indicators of physical risk, social fragility and lack of
resilience and their weights. 204
x LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
11.1 Hazard indicators. 217
11.2 Possible indicators for measuring vulnerability in
Europe. 218
12.1 Characteristics of agro-ecological zones. 231
12.2 Aggregated coping strategies for drought according to
agro-ecological zones. 240
12.3 Hazards and other factors associated with loss of life — 241
12.4 Ranking of zones according to hazard risk . 242
12.5 Vulnerability index parameters by zone . 244
14.1 Set of community-based disaster risk indicators. 276
15.1 Ratio of amount of damage to GDP (Asia) (1975-2002) 294
18.1 Time that households need to replace housing damage . 345
19.1 Framework for assessing institutionalised capacities and
practices with regard to flood-related disasters. 366
19.2 Illustrations of scale-dependent actors, institutions and
perceptions with regard to flood-related disasters. 368
20.1 Ex-post financing sources for relief and reconstruction . 383
22.1 Description of the information categories used for data
collection, structuring and retrieval in MARS. 423
22.2 The NEDIES lessons-learned report format. 427
Figures
1.1 Key spheres of the concept of vulnerability . 17
1.2 Bohle's conceptual framework for vulnerability analysis 20
1.3 The sustainable livelihood framework . 21
1.4 The conceptual framework to identify disaster risk. 23
1.5 Risk as a result of vulnerability, hazard and deficiencies
in preparedness. 24
1.6 The ISDR framework for disaster risk reduction. 25
1.7 Turner et al.'s vulnerability framework. 27
1.8 The onion framework. 28
1.9 The Pressure and Release (PAR) model . 30
1.10 Theoretical framework and model for holistic approach
to disaster risk assessment and management . 33
1.11 The BBC conceptual framework . 34
1.12 The six principles of sustainability. 43
1.13 Serageldin's triangle of sustainability . 44
1.14 Egg of sustainable development. 46
2.1 The data pyramid. 59
2.2 The model of the three pillars: indicators, data and
goals. 60
2.3 Development process of vulnerability indicators. 64
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES xi
2.4 Example of the data gathered in the
MRNatCatSERVICE. 67
3.1 The risk triangle. 80
3.2 Spectrum of hazards . 83
3.3 Social levels and relevant characteristics of vulnerability . 85
4.2 Framework for risk assessment. 105
4.3 The vulnerability of critical infrastructures (CI): holistic
approach. 110
4.4 Vulnerability of persons in high tide flood-prone areas
of the Baltic Sea. Ill
4.5 Vulnerability of critical sites in high tide flood-prone
areas of the Baltic Sea. 112
5.1 Destruction along the coast, Galle, Sri Lanka. 120
5.2 Tsunami-impacted paddy fields in Sri Lanka. 122
5.3 Potential effects of land degradation on rural and urban
vulnerabilities (economic, social and environmental
vulnerability; coping capacity). 125
6.1 Vulnerability framework. 133
6.2 Linkages between ecosystem services and human well-
being, the MA framework. 142
6.3 Risk factors for attributable DALYs for selected regions 144
7.8 National financial exposure to catastrophic disaster . 158
7.9 Absolute economic exposure to catastrophic disaster — 158
7.10 Loss from locally and nationally recognised disasters,
1996-2000 . 159
7.11 Socioeconomic vulnerability in the Americas, 2000. 160
7.12 Disaster risk management performance in the Americas,
2000. 161
8.2 Comparing exposure and mortality rates in the most/
least developed countries. 174
10.2 LDI estimation. 194
10.3 PVI evaluation . 198
10.4 RMI evaluation . 202
11.1 Components of risk. 214
11.2 Calculation of the Integrated Risk Index (IRI) . 215
11.3 Integrated risk matrix. 216
12.2 Four main hazards compared according to different
levels. 234
12.3 Hazard occurrence in different agro-ecological zones _ 236
12.4 Drought occurrence in Tanzania. 237
12.5 Coping strategy for drought and pests; disaster
awareness and communication . 238
xii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
12.6 Institutional set-up for disaster manageability at the
village and district level. 238
12.7 Interrelationships between distances from nearest
dispensary and probability of death. 242
13.1 Combination of resistance and vulnerability as function
of time . 250
13.2 Schematic distribution of resources and resources
needed as function of population income group n. 253
13.3 Resistance and vulnerability as indices derived from
weighted indicators. 255
13.4 Effect of globalisation and environmental change on
human security . 257
13.5 Time development of resistance, vulnerability and risk . 259
13.6 Denning resilience. 263
14.1 The conceptual framework to identify disaster risk. 274
14.2 Indicator and index system . 278
14.3 Indonesia: project location. 282
Picture 14.1 Discussion with local stakeholders in the district of
Sleman, Yogyakarta . 283
Picture 14.2 The summit of the Merapi volcano lies only 30 km
away from the capital city (left). The district of
Kulon Progo is predominantly affected by
landslides (right). 284
Picture 14.3 In 1992 a tsunami completely destroyed the
village of Wuring (left picture), but a few years
later the village was rebuilt at the same site and is
still extremely exposed to earthquakes and
tsunamis . 284
14.4 Disaster Risk Index of a community in Kulon Progo
district prone to landslides. 285
14.5 Vulnerability score breakdown of a community in Kulon
Progo district . 286
14.6 Capacity score breakdown of a community in Kulon
Progo district . 286
14.7 Disaster Risk: Comparison of a community in Sikka
district (left) and a community in Kulon Progo district
(right) . 287
15.1 Mechanism of natural disaster reduction. 292
15.2 Percentage of world population affected by natural
disaster in different regions (1975-2002). 293
15.3 Amount of damage caused worldwide by different
disaster types (1975-2002). 293
15.4 Quake-resilience assessment of homes. 295
LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES xiii
15.5 Self-assessment of flood capacity: questionnaire . 295
15.6 Self-assessment of flood capacity: results . 296
15.7 Self-assessment for local government: assessment
process. 297
15.9 Matrix of indicators. 298
15.10 3-D matrix of indicators . 298
16.1 Hazards and vulnerability, and their relationship with
disasters and coping capacities . 304
16.2 The dimensions of vulnerability. 305
16.3 Matrix to evaluate structural vulnerability with respect
to eruptions. 308
16.5 Matrix to calculate the functional vulnerability of a
health centre with respect to floods. 310
16.6 The composition of risk. 311
16.7 Risk map associated with eruptions, Pacaya volcano in
Guatemala. 312
17.1 Timeline . 321
17.2 Example of a seasonal calendar. 321
17.3 Example of a Venn diagram. 322
18.1 The BBC conceptual framework. 331
18.3 Overview of selected sites in Galle for the
questionnaire-based research. 335
18.5 Dead and injured people in the 100-metre zone and
outside in the selected GN divisions in Galle (in %) . 340
18.6 Housing damage in the 100-metre zone and outside in
the selected GN divisions in Galle (in %). 340
18.7 Development of unemployment before and after the
tsunami in selected GN divisions in Galle. 343
18.9 The index applied to house damage and land title. 346
18.10 Landownership and spatial exposure in the selected GN
divisions . 347
18.12 Willingness to resettle in a safer location inland. 350
19.1 Institutions modify vulnerabilities and hence risks of
flood-related disasters through several pathways . 362
20.1 Public sector financial vulnerability to natural hazards . 383
20.2 Financing gap in India after the Gujarat earthquake . 385
20.3 Financial vulnerability and the CATSIM methodology . 387
20.4 Financial vulnerability to 100-year event in four Latin
American countries. 391
20.7 Cumulative probability distribution of direct asset
damages for storm and flood for Honduras . 394
Textbox, Simon Horner: Figure for Box 21.1: Water supply at
Kasab camp . 401
xiv LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES
21.1 Coping capacity classification in descending order for
selected countries. 411
22.1 Schematic description of the lessons-learning
methodology. 418
22.2 Example of a quantitative analysis of the human and
organisational causes of accidents contained in the
MARS Full Reports. 425
24.1 For earthquake hazard, the two lines represent the
different magnitude - frequency relationships for two
different fictitious regions, region x and region y. The
two lines are region-specific. 486
24.2 Sample residential damage function for the hazard of a
tornado. 487
24.3 Coping capacity and resilience are hard to delineate.
Resilience is understood to be the more encompassing
term. 490
24.4 Risk seen as a function of hazard, vulnerability,
exposure and resilience, while the mathematical
relationship between the variables is unknown. 491 |
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| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV022239408 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:35:26Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-09T20:53:06Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9280811355 9789280811353 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2006028268 |
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| spelling | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies ed. by Jörn Birkmann Tokyo [u.a.] United Nations University Press 2006 XXVI, 524 S. graph. Darst., Kt. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier A seemingly non-stop series of disasters has shown that societies worldwide seem unprepared for the threats posed by natural hazards. The tragic impacts of these events drew short-term attention from policy makers, the media and the general public, but their response was too late to prevent serious harm. Societies need to measure their vulnerabilities in advance, and make adequate provisions. This publication presents a broad range of current approaches to measuring vulnerability and contains concrete experiences and examples from Africa, Asia, the Americas and Europe to illustrate the theoretical analyses.--Publisher's description. Catastrophes naturelles Catastrophes naturelles - Systèmes d'alerte Natural disasters Natural disaster warning systems Katastrophenschutz (DE-588)4029932-6 gnd rswk-swf Naturkatastrophe (DE-588)4041387-1 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Naturkatastrophe (DE-588)4041387-1 s Katastrophenschutz (DE-588)4029932-6 s DE-604 Birkmann, Jörn 1972- Sonstige (DE-588)128684488 oth http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0620/2006028268.html Table of contents only HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015450352&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies Catastrophes naturelles Catastrophes naturelles - Systèmes d'alerte Natural disasters Natural disaster warning systems Katastrophenschutz (DE-588)4029932-6 gnd Naturkatastrophe (DE-588)4041387-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4029932-6 (DE-588)4041387-1 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies |
| title_auth | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies |
| title_exact_search | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies |
| title_full | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies ed. by Jörn Birkmann |
| title_fullStr | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies ed. by Jörn Birkmann |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies ed. by Jörn Birkmann |
| title_short | Measuring vulnerability to natural hazards |
| title_sort | measuring vulnerability to natural hazards towards disaster resilient societies |
| title_sub | towards disaster resilient societies |
| topic | Catastrophes naturelles Catastrophes naturelles - Systèmes d'alerte Natural disasters Natural disaster warning systems Katastrophenschutz (DE-588)4029932-6 gnd Naturkatastrophe (DE-588)4041387-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Catastrophes naturelles Catastrophes naturelles - Systèmes d'alerte Natural disasters Natural disaster warning systems Katastrophenschutz Naturkatastrophe Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0620/2006028268.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015450352&sequence=000006&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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