On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Baden-Baden
Nomos-Verl.-Ges.
2001
|
| Edition: | 1. Aufl. |
| Series: | HWWA studies of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics
61 |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ. der Bundeswehr, Diss., 1999 |
| Physical Description: | 372 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3789071994 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe |c Martin Wolburg |
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| 490 | 1 | |a HWWA studies of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics |v 61 | |
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Record in the Search Index
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Contents
Listof Figures 11
List of Tables 12
List of Abbreviations 14
'. Introduction 19
1 The Brain Drain: An Exposition of Causes and Consequences of Highly
Qualified Migration 23
1.1 Introduction 23
1.2 The Brain Drain as a Problem 25
1.2.1 Brain Drain and Market Failure 26
1.2.2 The Social Weifare Function 29
1.3 Causes ofthe Brain Drain 31
! 1.3.1 The Decision to Migrate 31
1.3.2 Incomplete Information 34
1.3.3 Externalities frorn Human Capital 35
I 1.3.4 Governmental Activity 36
1.3.5 Unemployment 38
1.3.6 Indivisibilities 38
1.3.7 Migration and Trade 39
1.3.8 Empirical Findings and Conclusions 41
1.4 Static Effects of the Brain Drain 45
1.4.1 Income 45
1.4.2 Inequality and Unemployment 50
; 1.4.3 Public Sector 53
1.4.4 Conclusions 54
1.5 Dynamic Effects ofthe Brain Drain 57
1.5.1 Developmental Effects 57
1.5.2 Neoclassical Growth Theory 67
1.5.3 New Growth Theory 76
I 1.5.4 Conclusions 82
1 1.6 Conclusions 84
i
I
7
I
!
2 On Brain Drain, Brain Exchange, and Economic Growth 87
2.1 Introduction 87
2.1.1 Migration and Economic Integration 87
2.1.2 The Idea of the Brain Exchange 92
2.2 The Closed Economy 94
2.2.1 Static Perspective 94
2.2.2 Dynamic Perspective 107
2.3 The Open Economy in a Static Perspective 113
2.3.1 Free Trade 114
2.3.2 Factor Mobility 116
2.4 The Open Economy and the Dynamic Effects of Migration 123
2.4.1 The Model with Migration 123
2.4.2 Migration and Convergence 130
2.5 Conclusions 147
3 European Integration and Mobility: Some Stylised Facts 153
3.1 Introduction 153
3.2 Data Source and Methodology 156
3.3 Mobility within the Single European Market 163
3.3.1 Trade, Direct Investment and Migration 164
3.3.2 The EU Mobility Pattern 167
3.3.3 Instantaneous Skill Ratio and Net Migration According to
Countries 175
3.3.4 Cumulated Skill Ratio According to Nationalities 180
3.4 Mobility within the Single European Market 18 8
3.4.1 Qualificational Composition 188
3.4.2 On the Self Selection of Immigration 191
3.5 Macroeconomic Effects of Mobility 197
3.6 Conclusions 208
4 Estimation of the Model 211
4.1 Introduction 211
4.2 Methodology and Data 213
4.2.1 The Model's Estimation Equation 213
4.2.2 Data Sources and Definitions 217
8
4.3 EU(12) Country level 227
4.3.1 The EU(12) Country Sample 227
4.3.2 Econometric Analysis 234
4.3.3 Conclusions 242
4.4 Nutsl Regional Level 244
4.4.1 TheNUTSl Sample 244
4.4.2 Econometric Analysis 254
4.4.3 Conclusions 267
4.5 Nuts2 Regional Level 268
4.5.1 The NUTS2 Sample 268
4.5.2 Econometric Analysis 276
4.5.3 Conclusions 284
4.6 Conclusions 285
5 Implications and Policy Recommendations 287
5.1 Calibrating the Long Run Effects of Migration 287
5.1.1 Calibrating the Central Model Parameter 287
5.1.2 Inner European Migration: Brain Drain, Brain Gain and
Brain Exchange 292
i 5.1.3 Immigration into the EU: Brain Drain, Brain Gain and Brain
Exchange 296
5.1.4 Migration and Convergence 301
5.2 Policy Implications and Outline for Further Research 305
5.2.1 Brain Drain and Brain Exchange Beyond the Model 305
5.2.2 Implementing a Tax on Brains or Transfer Payments? 308
5.2.3 Highly Qualified Mobility and the Organsation of
Governmental Activity 312
5.2.4 Migration Policy in the Age of Locational Competition: A
Need for International Co ordination? 316
6 Annex 323
6.1 ANNEX CHAPTER 2 323
6.1.1 Annex 2 1: Intersectoral Allocation and Aggregation 323
6.1.2 Annex 2 2: Linearisation around the Equilibrium 325
6.2 ANNEX CHAPTER 3 329
6.2.1 Annex 3 1: Construction of the EU Migration Index for
1983 93 329
6.2.2 Annex 3 2: Skill Ratios According to Countries for the
EU(12), 1992 94 330
9
6.2.3 Annex 3 3: Inner European Highly Qualified Emigration
and Immigration According to Countries, 1988 94, in 1,000
Persons 330
6.2.4 Annex 3 4: Inner European Total Emigration and
Immigration According to Countries, 1988 94, in 1,000
Persons 332
6.2.5 Annex 3 5: EU(12) Cumulated Skill Ratio, 1992 94 335
6.2.6 Annex 3 6: Highly Qualified and Total Mobility Index for
the EU(12), 1992 94 335
6.2.7 Annex 3 7: Share of Highly Qualified Nationals in all
Nationals for the EU(12), 1992 94 336
6.2.8 Annex 3 8: Non EU Immigration into the EU(7) and
EU(12) According to Sending Regions, in 1,000 Persons 336
6.2.9 Annex 3 9: Non European Immigration into the EU(7) and
EU(12) 1988 94, in 1,000 Persons 338
6.2.10 Annex 3 10: Cumulated Skill Ratio for Non EU Citizens
Within the EU(7) and EU(12) According to Regions, 1992
94 339
6.3 ANNEX CHAPTER 4 340
6.3.1 Annex 4 1: The European Regions' Share in National
Investment and Sample Formation 340
6.3.2 Annex 4 2: Capacity Utilisation Rate for the EU(12), 1988
94 343
6.4 ANNEX CHAPTER 5 344
6.4.1 Annex 5 1: The Net Welfare Effect of Inner European
Mobility for the EU(12) Countries (esharel2) 344
6.4.2 Annex 5 2: The Net Welfare Effect of Inner European
Mobility for the EU(12) Countries (esharet) 345
6.4.3 Annex 5 3: The Net Welfare Effect of Mobility into the
EU(12) (esharel2) 346
6.4.4 Annex 5 4: The Net Welfare Effect of Mobility into the
EU(12) (esharet) 347
7 References 349
German Summery 371
10
List of Figures
Chapter 1
1.1 Brain Drain, Technological Progress and Development 66
1.2 Migration and Economic Growth in the Neoclassical Model 68
Chapter 2
2.1 Stages of Development and Monopolistic Competition 113
2.2 The Dynamics of Migration 129
2.3 The Effects of Migration in the Neoclassical Growth Case 135
2.4 The Effects of Migration in the Endogenous Growth Case 143
Chapter 3
3.1 The Relation between Inner European Trade, FDI and Migration,
1984 94 166
3.2 The Volume and Composition of EU(7) Migration, 1988 94, in
1,000 Persons 168
3.3 The EU(7) Instantaneous Skill Ratio According to Countries, 1988
94 176
3.4 Relationship Between Net Highly Qualified and Net Unqualified
Migration For the EU(7) Countries, 1988 94, per 1,000 Persons 179
3.5 Total and Highly Qualified Immigration Into the EU(7), 1985 94, in
1,000 Persons 189
3.6 Instantaneous Skill Ratio of Eastern European Immigrantion Into the
EU(7) According to Countries of Origin, 1988 94 193
Chapter 4
4.1 Correlation Between the Income per Employee, the Capital Intensity
and Employed Persons for the EU(12) Sample 228
4.2 Correlation between the Income per Employee and Possible
Externalities from Highly Qualified Persons for the EU(12) Sample 230
4.3 Correlation between the Income per Employee and Other Possible
Externalities for the EU(12) Sample 233
4.4 Correlation Between the Income Per Employee, the Capital Intensity
and Employed Persons for the NUTS 1 Sample 245
4.5 Correlation Between the Income per Employee and Possible
Externalities from Highly Qualified Persons for the NUTS 1 Sample 247
11
4.6 Correlation between the Income per Employee and Other Possible
Externalities for the NUTS 1 Sample 252
4.7 Correlation Between the Income per Employee, the Capital Intensity
and Employed Persons for the NUTS2 Sample 269
4.8 Correlation Between the Income per Employee and Possible
Externalities from Highly Qualified Persons for the NUTS2 Sample 270
4.9 Correlation Between the Income per Employee and Other Possible
Externalities for the NUTS2 Sample 275
List of Tables
1.1 Effects of the Brain Drain on Welfare and the Public Sector 55
1.2 Brain Drain and Technological Progress 83
2.1 Substitutability of Intermediate Products and the Return to Capital 110
2.2 Classifying the Interaction of the Brain Drain and the Brain
Exchange Effect 121
3.1 Number of Private Households Within the LFS According to
Countries For Selected Years 158
3.2 Development of the Cumulated Skill Ratio, EU(12) and EU(7) 170
3.3 Qualificational Specific Mobility Indices, EU(7) and EU(12) 171
3.4 Share of Highly Qualified Nationals in all Nationals, EU(7) and
EU(12) 172
3.5 Break Down of the Growth Rate of the European Cumulated Skill
Ratio 173
3.6 Instantaneous Skill Ratios of Northern and Southern Countries,
1988 94 177
3.7 Development oftheEU(7) Cumulated Skill Ratio, 1988 94 181
3.8 Highly Qualified Mobility Index According to EU(7) Nationalities,
1988 94 181
3.9 EU(7) Total Mobility Index According to Nationalities, 1988 94 183
3.10 Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the Population According to
Nationalities, EU(7), 1988 94 184
3.11 Break Down of the Growth Rate of the EU(7)Cumulated Skill Ratio
According to Countries 185
3.12 Break Down of the Growth Rate of the EU(12) Cumulated Skill
Ratio According to Countries 186
3.13 Cumulated Skill Ratio for Eastern Europe, EU(7) 1988 94 195
3.14 Effect of Mobility on the Population Size for the EU(12), 1994, in
1,000 Persons 199
3.15 Effect of Mobility on the Population Size for the EU(7), 1988 and
1994, in 1,000 Persons 200
12
3.16 Effect of Mobility on the Stock of Human Capital for the EU(7),
1988 and 1994, in 1,000 Persons 202
3.17 Effect of Mobility on the Stock of Highly Qualified Persons for the
EU(7), 1988 and 1994, in 1,000 Persons ¦ 203
3.18 Effect of Mobility on the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the
Population for the EU(12), 1994 204
3.19 Effect of Mobility on the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the
Population for the EU(7), 1988 and 1994 205
4.1 Estimated Average Growth Rates of the Capital Stocks of the
EU(12) Countries, 1960 94 220
4.2 Identifying the Correct Econometric Model for the EU(12) Sample 235
4.3 Including the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the EU(12) Sample 238
4.4 Including the Density of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the EU(12) Sample 240
4.5 Including the Number of highly qualified persons in the Production
Function of the EU(12) Sample 241
4.6 Including Other Possible Externalities in the Production Function of
the EU(12) Sample 242
4.7 Identifying the Correct Econometric Model for the NUTS1 Sample
Excluding the UK Regions 255
4.8 Identifying the Correct Econometric Model for the NUTS1 Sample
Including the UK Regions 257
4.9 Including the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS 1 Sample 258
4.10 Including the Density of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS 1 Sample 259
4.11 Including the Number of highly qualified persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS 1 Sample 262
4.12 Including Other Possible Externalities in the Production Function of
the NUTS 1 Sample 263
4.13 Robustness of the Share of Highly Qualified Persons with Respect to
the Capital Density for the NUTS1 Sample 264
4.14 Robustness of the Density of Highly Qualified Persons with Respect
to the Capital Density for the NUTS 1 Sample 265
4.15 Robustness of the Number of highly qualified persons with Respect
to the Capital Density for the NUTS 1 Sample 266
4.16 Identifying the Correct Econometric Model for the NUTS2 Sample 278
4.17 Including the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function oftheNUTS2 Sample 279
4.18 Including the Density of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS2 Sample 279
4.19 Including the Number of highly qualified persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS2 Sample 280
4.20 Including Other Possible Externalities in the Production Function of
the NUTS2 Sample 281
13
4.21 Robustness of the Share of Highly Qualified Persons with Respect to
the Capital Density for the NUTS2 Sample 281
4.22 Robustness of the Density of Highly Qualified with Respect to the
Capital Density for the NUTS2 Sample 283
4.23 Robustness of the Number of highly qualified persons with Respect
to the Capital Density for the NUTS2 Sample 283
4.24 Implied Production Function Parameters of the Model for all 286
Samples
5.1 Calibrating the Human Capital Effect of Inner European Mobility 289
5.2 Calibarion of the Diversity Parameters for the EU(12) Countries 291
5.3 The Brain Drain Effect of Inner European Mobility for the EU( 12) 292
5.4 The Brain Exchange Effect of Inner European Mobility for the
EU(12) 294
5.5 Long Run Effect of Inner European Mobility on the Income Level 295
5.6 The Brain Drain Gain Effect of Mobility into the EU(12) 296
5.7 The Brain Exchange Effect of Mobility into the EU(12) 298
5.8 Long Run Effect of Migration into the EU( 12) on the Income Level 299
5.9 Evidence on the East European Brain Drain According to the
Literature 300
5.10 Brain Drain and Brain Exchange Components 308
List of Abbreviations
1. Words
AR(1) First order autoregressive process
c.p. ceteris paribus
BE Belgium
DI Direct investment
DK Denmark
EC European Community
EU European Union
EU(7) Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, United
Kingdom
EU(12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Ireland,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom.
FE Fixed Effects model
GER Germany
GR Greece
gdp gross domestic product
HM1, HM2 Hausmann tests
I Italy
ILO International Labour Office
IR Ireland
14 |
| adam_txt |
Contents
Listof Figures 11
List of Tables 12
List of Abbreviations 14
'. Introduction 19
1 The Brain Drain: An Exposition of Causes and Consequences of Highly
Qualified Migration 23
1.1 Introduction 23
1.2 The Brain Drain as a Problem 25
1.2.1 Brain Drain and Market Failure 26
1.2.2 The Social Weifare Function 29
1.3 Causes ofthe Brain Drain 31
! 1.3.1 The Decision to Migrate 31
1.3.2 Incomplete Information 34
1.3.3 Externalities frorn Human Capital 35
I 1.3.4 Governmental Activity 36
1.3.5 Unemployment 38
1.3.6 Indivisibilities 38
1.3.7 Migration and Trade 39
1.3.8 Empirical Findings and Conclusions 41
1.4 Static Effects of the Brain Drain 45
1.4.1 Income 45
1.4.2 Inequality and Unemployment 50
; 1.4.3 Public Sector 53
1.4.4 Conclusions 54
1.5 Dynamic Effects ofthe Brain Drain 57
1.5.1 Developmental Effects 57
1.5.2 Neoclassical Growth Theory 67
1.5.3 New Growth Theory 76
I 1.5.4 Conclusions 82
1 1.6 Conclusions 84
i
I
7
I
!
2 On Brain Drain, Brain Exchange, and Economic Growth 87
2.1 Introduction 87
2.1.1 Migration and Economic Integration 87
2.1.2 The Idea of the Brain Exchange 92
2.2 The Closed Economy 94
2.2.1 Static Perspective 94
2.2.2 Dynamic Perspective 107
2.3 The Open Economy in a Static Perspective 113
2.3.1 Free Trade 114
2.3.2 Factor Mobility 116
2.4 The Open Economy and the Dynamic Effects of Migration 123
2.4.1 The Model with Migration 123
2.4.2 Migration and Convergence 130
2.5 Conclusions 147
3 European Integration and Mobility: Some Stylised Facts 153
3.1 Introduction 153
3.2 Data Source and Methodology 156
3.3 Mobility within the Single European Market 163
3.3.1 Trade, Direct Investment and Migration 164
3.3.2 The EU Mobility Pattern 167
3.3.3 Instantaneous Skill Ratio and Net Migration According to
Countries 175
3.3.4 Cumulated Skill Ratio According to Nationalities 180
3.4 Mobility within the Single European Market 18 8
3.4.1 Qualificational Composition 188
3.4.2 On the Self Selection of Immigration 191
3.5 Macroeconomic Effects of Mobility 197
3.6 Conclusions 208
4 Estimation of the Model 211
4.1 Introduction 211
4.2 Methodology and Data 213
4.2.1 The Model's Estimation Equation 213
4.2.2 Data Sources and Definitions 217
8
4.3 EU(12) Country level 227
4.3.1 The EU(12) Country Sample 227
4.3.2 Econometric Analysis 234
4.3.3 Conclusions 242
4.4 Nutsl Regional Level 244
4.4.1 TheNUTSl Sample 244
4.4.2 Econometric Analysis 254
4.4.3 Conclusions 267
4.5 Nuts2 Regional Level 268
4.5.1 The NUTS2 Sample 268
4.5.2 Econometric Analysis 276
4.5.3 Conclusions 284
4.6 Conclusions 285
5 Implications and Policy Recommendations 287
5.1 Calibrating the Long Run Effects of Migration 287
5.1.1 Calibrating the Central Model Parameter 287
5.1.2 Inner European Migration: Brain Drain, Brain Gain and
Brain Exchange 292
i 5.1.3 Immigration into the EU: Brain Drain, Brain Gain and Brain
Exchange 296
5.1.4 Migration and Convergence 301
5.2 Policy Implications and Outline for Further Research 305
5.2.1 Brain Drain and Brain Exchange Beyond the Model 305
5.2.2 Implementing a Tax on Brains or Transfer Payments? 308
5.2.3 Highly Qualified Mobility and the Organsation of
Governmental Activity 312
5.2.4 Migration Policy in the Age of Locational Competition: A
Need for International Co ordination? 316
6 Annex 323
6.1 ANNEX CHAPTER 2 323
6.1.1 Annex 2 1: Intersectoral Allocation and Aggregation 323
6.1.2 Annex 2 2: Linearisation around the Equilibrium 325
6.2 ANNEX CHAPTER 3 329
6.2.1 Annex 3 1: Construction of the EU Migration Index for
1983 93 329
6.2.2 Annex 3 2: Skill Ratios According to Countries for the
EU(12), 1992 94 330
9
6.2.3 Annex 3 3: Inner European Highly Qualified Emigration
and Immigration According to Countries, 1988 94, in 1,000
Persons 330
6.2.4 Annex 3 4: Inner European Total Emigration and
Immigration According to Countries, 1988 94, in 1,000
Persons 332
6.2.5 Annex 3 5: EU(12) Cumulated Skill Ratio, 1992 94 335
6.2.6 Annex 3 6: Highly Qualified and Total Mobility Index for
the EU(12), 1992 94 335
6.2.7 Annex 3 7: Share of Highly Qualified Nationals in all
Nationals for the EU(12), 1992 94 336
6.2.8 Annex 3 8: Non EU Immigration into the EU(7) and
EU(12) According to Sending Regions, in 1,000 Persons 336
6.2.9 Annex 3 9: Non European Immigration into the EU(7) and
EU(12) 1988 94, in 1,000 Persons 338
6.2.10 Annex 3 10: Cumulated Skill Ratio for Non EU Citizens
Within the EU(7) and EU(12) According to Regions, 1992
94 339
6.3 ANNEX CHAPTER 4 340
6.3.1 Annex 4 1: The European Regions' Share in National
Investment and Sample Formation 340
6.3.2 Annex 4 2: Capacity Utilisation Rate for the EU(12), 1988
94 343
6.4 ANNEX CHAPTER 5 344
6.4.1 Annex 5 1: The Net Welfare Effect of Inner European
Mobility for the EU(12) Countries (esharel2) 344
6.4.2 Annex 5 2: The Net Welfare Effect of Inner European
Mobility for the EU(12) Countries (esharet) 345
6.4.3 Annex 5 3: The Net Welfare Effect of Mobility into the
EU(12) (esharel2) 346
6.4.4 Annex 5 4: The Net Welfare Effect of Mobility into the
EU(12) (esharet) 347
7 References 349
German Summery 371
10
List of Figures
Chapter 1
1.1 Brain Drain, Technological Progress and Development 66
1.2 Migration and Economic Growth in the Neoclassical Model 68
Chapter 2
2.1 Stages of Development and Monopolistic Competition 113
2.2 The Dynamics of Migration 129
2.3 The Effects of Migration in the Neoclassical Growth Case 135
2.4 The Effects of Migration in the Endogenous Growth Case 143
Chapter 3
3.1 The Relation between Inner European Trade, FDI and Migration,
1984 94 166
3.2 The Volume and Composition of EU(7) Migration, 1988 94, in
1,000 Persons 168
3.3 The EU(7) Instantaneous Skill Ratio According to Countries, 1988
94 176
3.4 Relationship Between Net Highly Qualified and Net Unqualified
Migration For the EU(7) Countries, 1988 94, per 1,000 Persons 179
3.5 Total and Highly Qualified Immigration Into the EU(7), 1985 94, in
1,000 Persons 189
3.6 Instantaneous Skill Ratio of Eastern European Immigrantion Into the
EU(7) According to Countries of Origin, 1988 94 193
Chapter 4
4.1 Correlation Between the Income per Employee, the Capital Intensity
and Employed Persons for the EU(12) Sample 228
4.2 Correlation between the Income per Employee and Possible
Externalities from Highly Qualified Persons for the EU(12) Sample 230
4.3 Correlation between the Income per Employee and Other Possible
Externalities for the EU(12) Sample 233
4.4 Correlation Between the Income Per Employee, the Capital Intensity
and Employed Persons for the NUTS 1 Sample 245
4.5 Correlation Between the Income per Employee and Possible
Externalities from Highly Qualified Persons for the NUTS 1 Sample 247
11
4.6 Correlation between the Income per Employee and Other Possible
Externalities for the NUTS 1 Sample 252
4.7 Correlation Between the Income per Employee, the Capital Intensity
and Employed Persons for the NUTS2 Sample 269
4.8 Correlation Between the Income per Employee and Possible
Externalities from Highly Qualified Persons for the NUTS2 Sample 270
4.9 Correlation Between the Income per Employee and Other Possible
Externalities for the NUTS2 Sample 275
List of Tables
1.1 Effects of the Brain Drain on Welfare and the Public Sector 55
1.2 Brain Drain and Technological Progress 83
2.1 Substitutability of Intermediate Products and the Return to Capital 110
2.2 Classifying the Interaction of the Brain Drain and the Brain
Exchange Effect 121
3.1 Number of Private Households Within the LFS According to
Countries For Selected Years 158
3.2 Development of the Cumulated Skill Ratio, EU(12) and EU(7) 170
3.3 Qualificational Specific Mobility Indices, EU(7) and EU(12) 171
3.4 Share of Highly Qualified Nationals in all Nationals, EU(7) and
EU(12) 172
3.5 Break Down of the Growth Rate of the European Cumulated Skill
Ratio 173
3.6 Instantaneous Skill Ratios of Northern and Southern Countries,
1988 94 177
3.7 Development oftheEU(7) Cumulated Skill Ratio, 1988 94 181
3.8 Highly Qualified Mobility Index According to EU(7) Nationalities,
1988 94 181
3.9 EU(7) Total Mobility Index According to Nationalities, 1988 94 183
3.10 Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the Population According to
Nationalities, EU(7), 1988 94 184
3.11 Break Down of the Growth Rate of the EU(7)Cumulated Skill Ratio
According to Countries 185
3.12 Break Down of the Growth Rate of the EU(12) Cumulated Skill
Ratio According to Countries 186
3.13 Cumulated Skill Ratio for Eastern Europe, EU(7) 1988 94 195
3.14 Effect of Mobility on the Population Size for the EU(12), 1994, in
1,000 Persons 199
3.15 Effect of Mobility on the Population Size for the EU(7), 1988 and
1994, in 1,000 Persons 200
12
3.16 Effect of Mobility on the Stock of Human Capital for the EU(7),
1988 and 1994, in 1,000 Persons 202
3.17 Effect of Mobility on the Stock of Highly Qualified Persons for the
EU(7), 1988 and 1994, in 1,000 Persons ¦ 203
3.18 Effect of Mobility on the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the
Population for the EU(12), 1994 204
3.19 Effect of Mobility on the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the
Population for the EU(7), 1988 and 1994 205
4.1 Estimated Average Growth Rates of the Capital Stocks of the
EU(12) Countries, 1960 94 220
4.2 Identifying the Correct Econometric Model for the EU(12) Sample 235
4.3 Including the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the EU(12) Sample 238
4.4 Including the Density of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the EU(12) Sample 240
4.5 Including the Number of highly qualified persons in the Production
Function of the EU(12) Sample 241
4.6 Including Other Possible Externalities in the Production Function of
the EU(12) Sample 242
4.7 Identifying the Correct Econometric Model for the NUTS1 Sample
Excluding the UK Regions 255
4.8 Identifying the Correct Econometric Model for the NUTS1 Sample
Including the UK Regions 257
4.9 Including the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS 1 Sample 258
4.10 Including the Density of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS 1 Sample 259
4.11 Including the Number of highly qualified persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS 1 Sample 262
4.12 Including Other Possible Externalities in the Production Function of
the NUTS 1 Sample 263
4.13 Robustness of the Share of Highly Qualified Persons with Respect to
the Capital Density for the NUTS1 Sample 264
4.14 Robustness of the Density of Highly Qualified Persons with Respect
to the Capital Density for the NUTS 1 Sample 265
4.15 Robustness of the Number of highly qualified persons with Respect
to the Capital Density for the NUTS 1 Sample 266
4.16 Identifying the Correct Econometric Model for the NUTS2 Sample 278
4.17 Including the Share of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function oftheNUTS2 Sample 279
4.18 Including the Density of Highly Qualified Persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS2 Sample 279
4.19 Including the Number of highly qualified persons in the Production
Function of the NUTS2 Sample 280
4.20 Including Other Possible Externalities in the Production Function of
the NUTS2 Sample 281
13
4.21 Robustness of the Share of Highly Qualified Persons with Respect to
the Capital Density for the NUTS2 Sample 281
4.22 Robustness of the Density of Highly Qualified with Respect to the
Capital Density for the NUTS2 Sample 283
4.23 Robustness of the Number of highly qualified persons with Respect
to the Capital Density for the NUTS2 Sample 283
4.24 Implied Production Function Parameters of the Model for all 286
Samples
5.1 Calibrating the Human Capital Effect of Inner European Mobility 289
5.2 Calibarion of the Diversity Parameters for the EU(12) Countries 291
5.3 The Brain Drain Effect of Inner European Mobility for the EU( 12) 292
5.4 The Brain Exchange Effect of Inner European Mobility for the
EU(12) 294
5.5 Long Run Effect of Inner European Mobility on the Income Level 295
5.6 The Brain Drain Gain Effect of Mobility into the EU(12) 296
5.7 The Brain Exchange Effect of Mobility into the EU(12) 298
5.8 Long Run Effect of Migration into the EU( 12) on the Income Level 299
5.9 Evidence on the East European Brain Drain According to the
Literature 300
5.10 Brain Drain and Brain Exchange Components 308
List of Abbreviations
1. Words
AR(1) First order autoregressive process
c.p. ceteris paribus
BE Belgium
DI Direct investment
DK Denmark
EC European Community
EU European Union
EU(7) Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, United
Kingdom
EU(12) Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Ireland,
Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, United Kingdom.
FE Fixed Effects model
GER Germany
GR Greece
gdp gross domestic product
HM1, HM2 Hausmann tests
I Italy
ILO International Labour Office
IR Ireland
14 |
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| author | Wolburg, Martin |
| author_facet | Wolburg, Martin |
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| bvnumber | BV022091466 |
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| callnumber-subject | Q - General Science |
| classification_rvk | QU 400 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)48013444 (DE-599)BVBBV022091466 |
| dewey-full | 331.12/791/094 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 331 - Labor economics |
| dewey-raw | 331.12/791/094 |
| dewey-search | 331.12/791/094 |
| dewey-sort | 3331.12 3791 294 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| discipline_str_mv | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. Aufl. |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Hochschulschrift |
| geographic | Europa Europe Emigration and immigration |
| geographic_facet | Europa Europe Emigration and immigration |
| id | DE-604.BV022091466 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T16:14:46Z |
| indexdate | 2024-12-16T17:01:14Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3789071994 |
| language | English |
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| oclc_num | 48013444 |
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| physical | 372 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2001 |
| publishDateSearch | 2001 |
| publishDateSort | 2001 |
| publisher | Nomos-Verl.-Ges. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | HWWA studies of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics |
| series2 | HWWA studies of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics |
| spelling | Wolburg, Martin Verfasser aut On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe Martin Wolburg 1. Aufl. Baden-Baden Nomos-Verl.-Ges. 2001 372 S. graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier HWWA studies of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics 61 Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ. der Bundeswehr, Diss., 1999 Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Migration Brain drain Europe Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd rswk-swf Wohlfahrtseffekt (DE-588)4273396-0 gnd rswk-swf Braindrain (DE-588)4122087-0 gnd rswk-swf Fachwissen (DE-588)4195141-4 gnd rswk-swf Europa Europe Emigration and immigration (DE-588)4113937-9 Hochschulschrift gnd-content Fachwissen (DE-588)4195141-4 s DE-604 Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 s Braindrain (DE-588)4122087-0 s Wohlfahrtseffekt (DE-588)4273396-0 s 1\p DE-604 HWWA studies of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics 61 (DE-604)BV013697603 HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015306300&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\p cgwrk 20201028 DE-101 https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk |
| spellingShingle | Wolburg, Martin On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe HWWA studies of the Hamburg Institute of International Economics Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Migration Brain drain Europe Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd Wohlfahrtseffekt (DE-588)4273396-0 gnd Braindrain (DE-588)4122087-0 gnd Fachwissen (DE-588)4195141-4 gnd |
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| title | On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe |
| title_auth | On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe |
| title_exact_search | On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe |
| title_exact_search_txtP | On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe |
| title_full | On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe Martin Wolburg |
| title_fullStr | On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe Martin Wolburg |
| title_full_unstemmed | On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe Martin Wolburg |
| title_short | On brain drain, brain gain and brain exchange within Europe |
| title_sort | on brain drain brain gain and brain exchange within europe |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Migration Brain drain Europe Mitgliedsstaaten (DE-588)4170174-4 gnd Wohlfahrtseffekt (DE-588)4273396-0 gnd Braindrain (DE-588)4122087-0 gnd Fachwissen (DE-588)4195141-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Migration Brain drain Europe Mitgliedsstaaten Wohlfahrtseffekt Braindrain Fachwissen Europa Europe Emigration and immigration Hochschulschrift |
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