Holdings: Exploring Mercury :: THWS Bibkatalog

Exploring Mercury: the iron planet

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Strom, Robert G. (Author), Sprague, Ann L. (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin Springer [2003]
Series:	Springer-Praxis books in astronomy and space sciences
Subjects:	Geschichte Planetologie Mariner > Raumsonde Mercury (Planet) Merkur > Planet
Online Access:	Inhaltsverzeichnis
Item Description:	Systemvoraussetzungen: Macintosh: Power Macintosh with OS 8.6, OS 9.x, or OS X with at least 100 megabytes of disc space; CD-ROM player; Windows: Win 95/98, ME, NT Service Pack 4, 2000 or XP and at least 100 megabytes of disc space. - Literaturverz. S. [203] - 210
Physical Description:	xxx, 216 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm 1 CD-ROM (12 cm)
ISBN:	1852337311

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adam_text	CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................. XI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................... XIII FIGURES ............................................. XV TABLES ............................................. XXV COLOUR PLATES ......................................... XXVII INFORMATION ON CD ..................................... XIX I THE TWILIGHT PLANET ................................... 1 1.1 THE PLANET CLOSEST TO THE SUN ........................ 1 1.2 EARLIEST OBSERVATIONS AND RECORDING IN MYTHOLOGY .......... 2 1.3 EARLY TELESCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ........................ 3 1.4 MODERN TELESCOPIC OBSERVATIONS ...................... 7 1.5 RESEARCH TELESCOPIC FACILITIES ......................... 9 1.5.1 MT. WILSON OBSERVATORY ...................... 9 1.5.2 SWEDISH VACUUM SOLAR TELESCOPE ................ 9 1.5.3 FUTURE OBSERVATIONS ......................... 10. 2 THE MARINER 10 MISSION ............................... 13 2.1 THE ONLY ONE .................................. 13 2.2 MISSION CONCEPT ................................ 13 2.2.1 NASA CHOSE THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY ......... 14 2.2.2 A NECESSARY GRAVITY-ASSIST ..................... 14 2.3 THE FLIGHT PLAN ................................. 16 2.3.1 A NARROW LAUNCH WINDOW ..................... 16 $IBIIOTHEK DEUTSCHES MUSEUM AJUENCHE A VI CONTENTS 2.3.2 SPACECRAFT DESIGN .......................... 16 2.3.3 SCIENTIFIC PAYLOAD .......................... 17 2.4 MARINER 10 GOES TO MERCURY ........................ 20 2.4.1 LAUNCH ................................. 20 2.4.2 TROUBLE BEGINS ............................ 21 2.4.3 SYSTEMS RESTORED ........................... 23 2.4.4 VENUS FLYBY .............................. 23 2.5 THE FIRST MERCURY ENCOUNTER - MERCURY I ................ 25 2.5.1 THE FIRST IMAGES OF THE UNKNOWN PLANET............ 25 2,5.2 THE FIRST REAL SURPRISE........................ 26 2.5.3 A VERY THIN ATMOSPHERE, NO MOLECULAR SPECIES FOUND ... 27 2.5.4 HOT, HOTTER, HOTTEST ......................... 28 2.6 THE SECOND ENCOUNTER - MERCURY II ................... 28 2.6.1 TROUBLES ARE OVERCOME ....................... 28 2.6.2 CONFLICTS OVER EXPERIMENTS AND SPACECRAFT CONTROL ..... 29 2.6.3 DECISIONS WERE MADE ........................ 30 2.6.4 ARRIVAL AT MERCURY ......................... 30 2.6.5 SOME HISTORICAL PRECEDENTS SET .................. 30 2.7 THE THIRD ENCOUNTER - MERCURY III .................... 33 2.7.1 LOSS OF THE STAR TRACKER ...................... 33 2.7.2 MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS ................... 34 2.7.3 FINAL IMAGING SEQUENCE, DIMINISHED BUT IMPORTANT..... 34 2.8 MISSION S END -A JOB WELL DONE, BUT INCOMPLETE ........... 34 3 MERCURY S MOTIONS ................................... 37 3.1 A DAY ON MERCURY ............................... 37 3.1.1 A HIGHLY ECCENTRIC ORBIT ...................... 39 3.1.2 FLEET-FOOTED MESSENGER OF THE GODS ............... 39 3.1.3 INCLINED TO BE NOTICED ....................... 40 3.1.4 A SLOW ROTATOR ............................ 40 3.1.5 MERCURY S STRANGE 3: 2 SPIN : ORBIT RESONANCE ......... 41 3.1.6 NO SEASONAL VARIATIONS ....................... 43 3.1.7 WHEN ITS HOT, ITS HOT - WHEN ITS NOT, ITS NOT......... 43 3.2 MERCURY AND RELATIVITY ............................ 44 4 MERCURY S SIZE, MASS, AND DENSITY ......................... 47 4.1 MERCURY S SIZE .................................. 47 4.2 MASS AND SURFACE GRAVITY .......................... 47 4.3 DENSITY ........... ......................... 49 4.3.1 WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT ISSUES RELATING TO DENSITY? ..... 49 4.3.2 MERCURY HAS THE GREATEST UNCOMPRESSED DENSITY OF ANY PLANET .................................. 51 5 MERCURY S MAGNETIC FIELD AND INTERNAL CONSTITUTION ............... 55 5.1 A MERE THIRTY MINUTES ............................ 55 5.1.1 A SIGNIFICANT MAGNETIC FIELD DISCOVERED ............ 55 CONTENTS VII 5.1.2 COMPARISON TO EARTH S MAGNETIC FIELD ............. 56 5.1.3 MERCURY S MAGNETIC FIELD COULD BE REMANENT ......... 57 5.2 REMANENT MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE MOON ................. 58 5.3 MAR S REMANENT MAGNETIC FIELDS ...................... 58 5.4 A NEW LOOK AT OLD DATA ........................... 60 5.5 INTERIOR STRUCTURE AND CONSTITUTION .................... 61 5.5.1 WHAT IF THERE IS AN ACTIVE DYNAMO? .............. 61 5.5.2 WHAT IF THERE ISN T? ......................... 61 5.5.3 RELEVANCE OF MERCURY S SURFACE COMPOSITION TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD QUESTION ....................... 62 5.6 SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE WEATHERING ON MERCURY........... 62 5.6.1 SPACE WEATHER ............................ 62 5.6.2 SPACE WEATHERING .......................... 63 6 MERCURY S SURFACE-BOUNDED EXOSPHERE ....................... 65 6.1 LIGHT EMITTING GASES .............................. 65 6.1.1 HYDROGEN, HELIUM, AND OXYGEN ................. 65 6.1.2 A SERINDIPITOUS DISCOVERY ..................... 65 6.1.3 SUNLIGHT INTERACTING WITH MATTER ................. 66 6.1.4 EXOSPHERIC PRESSURE? ........................ 67 6.1.5 NEW DISCOVERIES ARE LIKELY ..................... 67 6.2 EXOSPHERIC ATOMS AND MULTIPLE SPEED COMPONENTS .......... 69 6.2.1 COLLISIONS ONLY WITH THE SURFACE ................. 69 6.2.2 DETECTION OF MULTIPLE SPEED COMPONENTS .......... 69 6.2.3 ATOMS IN ESCAPE ........................... 70 6.3 ATMOSPHERIC SOURCE, RELEASE, AND RECYCLING PROCESSES......... 70 6.3.1 DIFFERENTIATING ONE SOURCE FROM ANOTHER ........... 71 6.3.2 IONS RECYCLE BACK TO THE SURFACE OF MERCURY IN ELECTRIC FIELDS .................................. 71 6.3.3 EXOSPHERE AND SURFACE LINK .................... 71 7 GENERAL SURFACE FEATURES AND RADAR CHARACTERISTICS ............... 73 7.1 IMAGING MERCURY ................................ 73 7.1.1 PHOTOMOSAICS OF ONE HEMISPHERE ................ 73 7.2 MAJOR SURFACE FEATURES ............................ 76 7.2.1 JUST ANOTHER MOON? ......................... 76 7.2.2 MERCURY IS UNIQUE .......................... 77 7.3 MAPPING MERCURY ............................... 77 7.3.1 THE COORDINATE SYSTEM ....................... 77 7.3.2 NAMING FEATURES ON MERCURY ................... 79 7.3.3 MAPS AND TOPOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS ............ 79 7.4 RADAR CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIAL FEATURES ................ 83 7.4.1 ROUGHNESS, AND EQUATORIAL AND LOW LATITUDE TOPOGRAPHY. 83 7.4.2 THE GOLDSTEIN FEATURES ....................... 84 VIII CONTENTS 7.4.3 RADAR OBSERVATIONS DISCOVER HIGHLY BACKSCATTERING POLAR DEPOSITS ................................ 85 8 SURFACE COMPOSITION .................................. 91 8.1 ALBEDO AND COLOR ............................... 91 8.1.1 MERCURY S EUV, UV-VIS, AND NEAR-IR ALBEDO ....... 92 8.1.2 CHANGES OF ALBEDO WITH PHASE CHANGE ............. 93 8.1.3 SPECTRAL SLOPE AND MATURITY .................. 93 8.2 MATERIALS OF TERRESTRIAL PLANETARY SURFACES ................ 96 8.3 MERCURY S SURFACE COMPOSITION ....................... 98 8.3.1 MEASURING SURFACE COMPOSITION WITH A TELESCOPE ...... 99 8.3.2 VISIBLE AND NEAR-IR SPECTROSCOPY ................ 99 8.3.3 THE FEO BAND IN LUNAR SPECTRA ................. 99 8.3.4 THE FEO BAND IN MERCURIAN SPECTRA .............. 100 8.3.5 MID-IR SPECTROSCOPY ........................ 101 8.3.6 VOLUME SCATTERING REGION ..................... 101 8.3.7 RESTSTRAHLEN BANDS AND EMISSIVITY MAXIMA (EM) ...... 103 8.3.8 TRANSPARENCY MINIMA (TM) ................... 105 8.3.9 COMPARISON TO THE MOON ..................... 107 8.4 WHERE IS THE IRON AT MERCURY? ....................... 108 8.4.1 OTHER TERRESTRIAL PLANETS AND THE ASTEROID BELT ABOUND WITH OXIDIZED IRON ............................. 108 8.4.2 FOR MERCURY, LOW OXIDIZED IRON ................. 109 8.5 SUMMARY ..................................... 110 9 THE IMPACT CRATERWG RECORD ............................. 111 9.1 MERCURY S MOST COMMON LANDFORM .................... 111 9.1.1 IT ALL BEGAN WITH THE MOON .................... 111 9.1.2 THREE BASIC CRATER CHARACTERISTICS ................ 111 9.2 CRATER FORMATION ................................ 112 9.2.1 ENERGY OF IMPACT .......................... 112 9.2.2 CRATER DIAMETER AND DEPTH .................... 112 9.2.3 VOLATILIZATION AND MELTING OF SURFACE AND IMPACTOR .... 113 9.3 CRATER MORPHOLOGY .............................. 113 9.3.1 THREE GENERAL CRATER MORPHOLOGIES ............... 113 9.3.2 DIFFERENCE IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LUNAR AND MERCURIAN HIGHLANDS ........... ............... . 114 9.4 EJECTA DEPOSITS ................................. 117 9.4.1 TWO DISTINCT REGIONS OF CRATER EJECTA .............. 117 9.4.2 EJECTA DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MERCURY AND THE MOON .... 117 9.4.3 CRATER DEGRADATION ......................... 118 9.5 THE CALORIS AND OTHER IMPACT BASINS ................... 119 9.6 HILLY AND LINEATED TERRAIN ........................... 125 9.7 ORIGIN OF IMPACTING BODIES ......................... 128 9.7.1 ASTEROIDS ................................ 128 CONTENTS IX 9.7.2 ELUSIVE VULCANOIDS .......................... 129 9.7.3 EVIDENCE FOR TWO COLLISIONAL POPULATIONS ........... 130 9.7.4 SURFACES YOUNGER THAN THE PERIOD OF HEAVY BOMBARDMENT 135 9.8 RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE AGES ......................... 137 9.8.1 MERCURY S SURFACE IS ANCIENT ................... 139 9.8.2 WILL THERE BE YOUNGER TERRAINS ON THE UNIMAGED SIDE?... 139 10 PLAINS: SMOOTH AND INTERCRATER ........................... 141 10.1 WILL THE UNSEEN SURFACE OF MERCURY BE COVERED WITH PLAINS?.... 141 10.2 MERCURY HAS TWO TYPES OF PLAINS ...................... 141 10.3 THE INTERCRATER PLAINS, SOME DETAILS .................... 142 10.3.1 DISTRIBUTION, AGE, AND MORPHOLOGY ............... 142 10.3.2 CRATER DEGRADATION BY INTERCRATER PLAINS............ 144 10.4 SMOOTH PLAINS, SOME DETAILS ......................... 145 10.4.1 DISTRIBUTION, AGE, AND MORPHOLOGY ............... 145 10.5 ORIGINS OF PLAINS ................................ 146 10.5.1 MERCURY S SMOOTH PLAINS AS IMPACT BASIN EJECTA DEPOSITS OR IMPACT MELT ............................ 147 10.5.2 MERCURY S SMOOTH PLAINS AS VOLCANIC DEPOSITS ........ 148 10.5.3 MERCURY S INTERCRATER PLAINS AS VOLCANIC DEPOSITS ...... 151 10.6 MODES OF VOLCANIC PLAINS FORMATION ................... 152 10.6.1 EARTH, MARS, AND THE MOON ................... 152 10.6.2 TERRESTRIAL MAGMAS AND TEMPERATURE .............. 153 10.6.3 WHAT TYPE OF VOLCANISM OCCURRED ON MERCURY? ....... 154 10.6.4 COMPOSITIONS OF MERCURY S PLAINS ............... 155 10.6.5 MERCURY S SMOOTH PLAINS COMPOSITION ............. 155 11 TECTONICS ......................................... 157 11.1 FAULTING ..................................... 157 11.1.1 FAULT TYPES AND MECHANICS .................... 158 11.1.2 TOPOGRAPHIC EXPRESSION ...................... 160 11.2 MERCURY S LOBATE SCARPS ........................... 160 11.2.1 THRUST FAULTS ............................. 160 11.2.2 DISTRIBUTION AND AGE ........................ 161 11.2.3 THE SHRUNKEN PLANET ........................ 164 11.2.4 THRUSTING, LITHOSPHERIC AND CRUSTAL THICKNESS......... 165 11.3 OTHER TECTONIC STRUCTURES ........................... 165 11.3.1 GRABENS AND NORMAL FAULTS .................... 165 11.3.2 LINEAR STRUCTURES ........................... 165 11.3.3 DESPINNING FAULT PATTERN ...................... 166 12 HISTORY AND ORIGIN ................................... 169 12.1 GEOLOGIC HISTORY ................................ 169 12.2 THERMAL HISTORY ................................ 169 12.2.1 SCENARIO #1, AN ACTIVE DIPOLE ................... 170 X CONTENTS 12.2.2 SCENARIO #2, A REMNANT FIELD ................... 172 12.2.3 NO THERMAL MODEL CONSISTENT WITH THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY .. 172 12.3 ORIGIN OF PRESENT DAY MERCURY ....................... 172 12.3.1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS ................... 173 12.3.2 HOW DID THE CORE GET SO LARGE? ................. 173 12.3.3 WHICH HYPOTHESIS IS CORRECT? ................... 174 12.4 CLASHING PLANETS ................................ 174 13 FUTURE EXPLORATION OF MERCURY ........................... 181 13.1 WE MUST RETURN TO MERCURY ......................... 181 13.2 THE NASA MESSENGER MISSION .................... 181 13.2.1 MISSION OBJECTIVES .......................... 182 13.2.2 SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS ......................... 183 13.3 THE EUROPE/JAPAN BEPI COLOMBO MISSION ............... 184 APPENDIX A ORBITAL AND PHYSICAL DATA FOR MERCURY ................ 185 APPENDIX B GLOSSARY OF TERMS ............................. 187 APPENDIX C NAMES AND LOCATIONS OF MERCURY S SURFACE FEATURES ........ 195 BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................... 203 INDEX .............................................. 211
adam_txt	CONTENTS PREFACE . XI ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . XIII FIGURES . XV TABLES . XXV COLOUR PLATES . XXVII INFORMATION ON CD . XIX I THE TWILIGHT PLANET . 1 1.1 THE PLANET CLOSEST TO THE SUN . 1 1.2 EARLIEST OBSERVATIONS AND RECORDING IN MYTHOLOGY . 2 1.3 EARLY TELESCOPIC OBSERVATIONS . 3 1.4 MODERN TELESCOPIC OBSERVATIONS . 7 1.5 RESEARCH TELESCOPIC FACILITIES . 9 1.5.1 MT. WILSON OBSERVATORY . 9 1.5.2 SWEDISH VACUUM SOLAR TELESCOPE . 9 1.5.3 FUTURE OBSERVATIONS . 10. 2 THE MARINER 10 MISSION . 13 2.1 THE ONLY ONE . 13 2.2 MISSION CONCEPT . 13 2.2.1 NASA CHOSE THE JET PROPULSION LABORATORY . 14 2.2.2 A NECESSARY GRAVITY-ASSIST . 14 2.3 THE FLIGHT PLAN . 16 2.3.1 A NARROW LAUNCH WINDOW . 16 $IBIIOTHEK DEUTSCHES MUSEUM AJUENCHE'A VI CONTENTS 2.3.2 SPACECRAFT DESIGN . 16 2.3.3 SCIENTIFIC PAYLOAD . 17 2.4 MARINER 10 GOES TO MERCURY . 20 2.4.1 LAUNCH . 20 2.4.2 TROUBLE BEGINS . 21 2.4.3 SYSTEMS RESTORED . 23 2.4.4 VENUS FLYBY . 23 2.5 THE FIRST MERCURY ENCOUNTER - MERCURY I . 25 2.5.1 THE FIRST IMAGES OF THE UNKNOWN PLANET. 25 2,5.2 THE FIRST REAL SURPRISE. 26 2.5.3 A VERY THIN ATMOSPHERE, NO MOLECULAR SPECIES FOUND . 27 2.5.4 HOT, HOTTER, HOTTEST . 28 2.6 THE SECOND ENCOUNTER - MERCURY II . 28 2.6.1 TROUBLES ARE OVERCOME . 28 2.6.2 CONFLICTS OVER EXPERIMENTS AND SPACECRAFT CONTROL . 29 2.6.3 DECISIONS WERE MADE . 30 2.6.4 ARRIVAL AT MERCURY . 30 2.6.5 SOME HISTORICAL PRECEDENTS SET . 30 2.7 THE THIRD ENCOUNTER - MERCURY III . 33 2.7.1 LOSS OF THE STAR TRACKER . 33 2.7.2 MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS . 34 2.7.3 FINAL IMAGING SEQUENCE, DIMINISHED BUT IMPORTANT. 34 2.8 MISSION'S END -A JOB WELL DONE, BUT INCOMPLETE . 34 3 MERCURY'S MOTIONS . 37 3.1 A DAY ON MERCURY . 37 3.1.1 A HIGHLY ECCENTRIC ORBIT . 39 3.1.2 FLEET-FOOTED MESSENGER OF THE GODS . 39 3.1.3 INCLINED TO BE NOTICED . 40 3.1.4 A SLOW ROTATOR . 40 3.1.5 MERCURY'S STRANGE 3: 2 SPIN : ORBIT RESONANCE . 41 3.1.6 NO SEASONAL VARIATIONS . 43 3.1.7 WHEN ITS HOT, ITS HOT - WHEN ITS NOT, ITS NOT. 43 3.2 MERCURY AND RELATIVITY . 44 4 MERCURY'S SIZE, MASS, AND DENSITY . 47 4.1 MERCURY'S SIZE . 47 4.2 MASS AND SURFACE GRAVITY . 47 4.3 DENSITY . . 49 4.3.1 WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT ISSUES RELATING TO DENSITY? . 49 4.3.2 MERCURY HAS THE GREATEST UNCOMPRESSED DENSITY OF ANY PLANET . 51 5 MERCURY'S MAGNETIC FIELD AND INTERNAL CONSTITUTION . 55 5.1 A MERE THIRTY MINUTES . 55 5.1.1 A SIGNIFICANT MAGNETIC FIELD DISCOVERED . 55 CONTENTS VII 5.1.2 COMPARISON TO EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD . 56 5.1.3 MERCURY'S MAGNETIC FIELD COULD BE REMANENT . 57 5.2 REMANENT MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THE MOON . 58 5.3 MAR'S REMANENT MAGNETIC FIELDS . 58 5.4 A NEW LOOK AT OLD DATA . 60 5.5 INTERIOR STRUCTURE AND CONSTITUTION . 61 5.5.1 WHAT IF THERE IS AN ACTIVE DYNAMO? . 61 5.5.2 WHAT IF THERE ISN'T? . 61 5.5.3 RELEVANCE OF MERCURY'S SURFACE COMPOSITION TO THE MAGNETIC FIELD QUESTION . 62 5.6 SPACE WEATHER AND SPACE WEATHERING ON MERCURY. 62 5.6.1 SPACE WEATHER . 62 5.6.2 SPACE WEATHERING . 63 6 MERCURY'S SURFACE-BOUNDED EXOSPHERE . 65 6.1 LIGHT EMITTING GASES . 65 6.1.1 HYDROGEN, HELIUM, AND OXYGEN . 65 6.1.2 A SERINDIPITOUS DISCOVERY . 65 6.1.3 SUNLIGHT INTERACTING WITH MATTER . 66 6.1.4 EXOSPHERIC PRESSURE? . 67 6.1.5 NEW DISCOVERIES ARE LIKELY . 67 6.2 EXOSPHERIC ATOMS AND MULTIPLE SPEED COMPONENTS . 69 6.2.1 COLLISIONS ONLY WITH THE SURFACE . 69 6.2.2 DETECTION OF MULTIPLE SPEED COMPONENTS . 69 6.2.3 ATOMS IN ESCAPE . 70 6.3 ATMOSPHERIC SOURCE, RELEASE, AND RECYCLING PROCESSES. 70 6.3.1 DIFFERENTIATING ONE SOURCE FROM ANOTHER . 71 6.3.2 IONS RECYCLE BACK TO THE SURFACE OF MERCURY IN ELECTRIC FIELDS . 71 6.3.3 EXOSPHERE AND SURFACE LINK . 71 7 GENERAL SURFACE FEATURES AND RADAR CHARACTERISTICS . 73 7.1 IMAGING MERCURY . 73 7.1.1 PHOTOMOSAICS OF ONE HEMISPHERE . 73 7.2 MAJOR SURFACE FEATURES . 76 7.2.1 JUST ANOTHER MOON? . 76 7.2.2 MERCURY IS UNIQUE . 77 7.3 MAPPING MERCURY . 77 7.3.1 THE COORDINATE SYSTEM . 77 7.3.2 NAMING FEATURES ON MERCURY . 79 7.3.3 MAPS AND TOPOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATIONS . 79 7.4 RADAR CHARACTERISTICS AND SPECIAL FEATURES . 83 7.4.1 ROUGHNESS, AND EQUATORIAL AND LOW LATITUDE TOPOGRAPHY. 83 7.4.2 THE GOLDSTEIN FEATURES . 84 VIII CONTENTS 7.4.3 RADAR OBSERVATIONS DISCOVER HIGHLY BACKSCATTERING POLAR DEPOSITS . 85 8 SURFACE COMPOSITION . 91 8.1 ALBEDO AND COLOR . 91 8.1.1 MERCURY'S EUV, UV-VIS, AND NEAR-IR ALBEDO . 92 8.1.2 CHANGES OF ALBEDO WITH PHASE CHANGE . 93 8.1.3 SPECTRAL SLOPE AND "MATURITY" . 93 8.2 MATERIALS OF TERRESTRIAL PLANETARY SURFACES . 96 8.3 MERCURY'S SURFACE COMPOSITION . 98 8.3.1 MEASURING SURFACE COMPOSITION WITH A TELESCOPE . 99 8.3.2 VISIBLE AND NEAR-IR SPECTROSCOPY . 99 8.3.3 THE FEO BAND IN LUNAR SPECTRA . 99 8.3.4 THE FEO BAND IN MERCURIAN SPECTRA . 100 8.3.5 MID-IR SPECTROSCOPY . 101 8.3.6 VOLUME SCATTERING REGION . 101 8.3.7 RESTSTRAHLEN BANDS AND EMISSIVITY MAXIMA (EM) . 103 8.3.8 TRANSPARENCY MINIMA (TM) . 105 8.3.9 COMPARISON TO THE MOON . 107 8.4 WHERE IS THE IRON AT MERCURY? . 108 8.4.1 OTHER TERRESTRIAL PLANETS AND THE ASTEROID BELT ABOUND WITH OXIDIZED IRON . 108 8.4.2 FOR MERCURY, LOW OXIDIZED IRON . 109 8.5 SUMMARY . 110 9 THE IMPACT CRATERWG RECORD . 111 9.1 MERCURY'S MOST COMMON LANDFORM . 111 9.1.1 IT ALL BEGAN WITH THE MOON . 111 9.1.2 THREE BASIC CRATER CHARACTERISTICS . 111 9.2 CRATER FORMATION . 112 9.2.1 ENERGY OF IMPACT . 112 9.2.2 CRATER DIAMETER AND DEPTH . 112 9.2.3 VOLATILIZATION AND MELTING OF SURFACE AND IMPACTOR . 113 9.3 CRATER MORPHOLOGY . 113 9.3.1 THREE GENERAL CRATER MORPHOLOGIES . 113 9.3.2 DIFFERENCE IN PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LUNAR AND MERCURIAN HIGHLANDS . . . 114 9.4 EJECTA DEPOSITS . 117 9.4.1 TWO DISTINCT REGIONS OF CRATER EJECTA . 117 9.4.2 EJECTA DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MERCURY AND THE MOON . 117 9.4.3 CRATER DEGRADATION . 118 9.5 THE CALORIS AND OTHER IMPACT BASINS . 119 9.6 HILLY AND LINEATED TERRAIN . 125 9.7 ORIGIN OF IMPACTING BODIES . 128 9.7.1 ASTEROIDS . 128 CONTENTS IX 9.7.2 ELUSIVE VULCANOIDS . 129 9.7.3 EVIDENCE FOR TWO COLLISIONAL POPULATIONS . 130 9.7.4 SURFACES YOUNGER THAN THE PERIOD OF HEAVY BOMBARDMENT 135 9.8 RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE AGES . 137 9.8.1 MERCURY'S SURFACE IS ANCIENT . 139 9.8.2 WILL THERE BE YOUNGER TERRAINS ON THE UNIMAGED SIDE?. 139 10 PLAINS: SMOOTH AND INTERCRATER . 141 10.1 WILL THE UNSEEN SURFACE OF MERCURY BE COVERED WITH PLAINS?. 141 10.2 MERCURY HAS TWO TYPES OF PLAINS . 141 10.3 THE INTERCRATER PLAINS, SOME DETAILS . 142 10.3.1 DISTRIBUTION, AGE, AND MORPHOLOGY . 142 10.3.2 CRATER DEGRADATION BY INTERCRATER PLAINS. 144 10.4 SMOOTH PLAINS, SOME DETAILS . 145 10.4.1 DISTRIBUTION, AGE, AND MORPHOLOGY . 145 10.5 ORIGINS OF PLAINS . 146 10.5.1 MERCURY'S SMOOTH PLAINS AS IMPACT BASIN EJECTA DEPOSITS OR IMPACT MELT . 147 10.5.2 MERCURY'S SMOOTH PLAINS AS VOLCANIC DEPOSITS . 148 10.5.3 MERCURY'S INTERCRATER PLAINS AS VOLCANIC DEPOSITS . 151 10.6 MODES OF VOLCANIC PLAINS FORMATION . 152 10.6.1 EARTH, MARS, AND THE MOON . 152 10.6.2 TERRESTRIAL MAGMAS AND TEMPERATURE . 153 10.6.3 WHAT TYPE OF VOLCANISM OCCURRED ON MERCURY? . 154 10.6.4 COMPOSITIONS OF MERCURY'S PLAINS . 155 10.6.5 MERCURY'S SMOOTH PLAINS COMPOSITION . 155 11 TECTONICS . 157 11.1 FAULTING . 157 11.1.1 FAULT TYPES AND MECHANICS . 158 11.1.2 TOPOGRAPHIC EXPRESSION . 160 11.2 MERCURY'S LOBATE SCARPS . 160 11.2.1 THRUST FAULTS . 160 11.2.2 DISTRIBUTION AND AGE . 161 11.2.3 THE SHRUNKEN PLANET . 164 11.2.4 THRUSTING, LITHOSPHERIC AND CRUSTAL THICKNESS. 165 11.3 OTHER TECTONIC STRUCTURES . 165 11.3.1 GRABENS AND NORMAL FAULTS . 165 11.3.2 LINEAR STRUCTURES . 165 11.3.3 DESPINNING FAULT PATTERN . 166 12 HISTORY AND ORIGIN . 169 12.1 GEOLOGIC HISTORY . 169 12.2 THERMAL HISTORY . 169 12.2.1 SCENARIO #1, AN ACTIVE DIPOLE . 170 X CONTENTS 12.2.2 SCENARIO #2, A REMNANT FIELD . 172 12.2.3 NO THERMAL MODEL CONSISTENT WITH THE GEOLOGIC HISTORY . 172 12.3 ORIGIN OF PRESENT DAY MERCURY . 172 12.3.1 CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS . 173 12.3.2 HOW DID THE CORE GET SO LARGE? . 173 12.3.3 WHICH HYPOTHESIS IS CORRECT? . 174 12.4 CLASHING PLANETS . 174 13 FUTURE EXPLORATION OF MERCURY . 181 13.1 WE MUST RETURN TO MERCURY . 181 13.2 THE NASA MESSENGER MISSION . 181 13.2.1 MISSION OBJECTIVES . 182 13.2.2 SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS . 183 13.3 THE EUROPE/JAPAN BEPI COLOMBO MISSION . 184 APPENDIX A ORBITAL AND PHYSICAL DATA FOR MERCURY . 185 APPENDIX B GLOSSARY OF TERMS . 187 APPENDIX C NAMES AND LOCATIONS OF MERCURY'S SURFACE FEATURES . 195 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 203 INDEX . 211
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spelling	Strom, Robert G. Verfasser aut Exploring Mercury the iron planet Robert G. Strom and Ann L. Sprague Berlin Springer [2003] © 2003 xxx, 216 Seiten Illustrationen 25 cm 1 CD-ROM (12 cm) txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Springer-Praxis books in astronomy and space sciences Systemvoraussetzungen: Macintosh: Power Macintosh with OS 8.6, OS 9.x, or OS X with at least 100 megabytes of disc space; CD-ROM player; Windows: Win 95/98, ME, NT Service Pack 4, 2000 or XP and at least 100 megabytes of disc space. - Literaturverz. S. [203] - 210 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Planetologie (DE-588)4233970-4 gnd rswk-swf Mariner Raumsonde (DE-588)7841238-9 gnd rswk-swf Mercury (Planet) Merkur Planet (DE-588)4169460-0 gnd rswk-swf Merkur Planet (DE-588)4169460-0 g Planetologie (DE-588)4233970-4 s Mariner Raumsonde (DE-588)7841238-9 s Geschichte z DE-604 Sprague, Ann L. Verfasser aut Digitalisierung Deutsches Museum application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015185623&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis
spellingShingle	Strom, Robert G. Sprague, Ann L. Exploring Mercury the iron planet Planetologie (DE-588)4233970-4 gnd Mariner Raumsonde (DE-588)7841238-9 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4233970-4 (DE-588)7841238-9 (DE-588)4169460-0
title	Exploring Mercury the iron planet
title_auth	Exploring Mercury the iron planet
title_exact_search	Exploring Mercury the iron planet
title_exact_search_txtP	Exploring Mercury the iron planet
title_full	Exploring Mercury the iron planet Robert G. Strom and Ann L. Sprague
title_fullStr	Exploring Mercury the iron planet Robert G. Strom and Ann L. Sprague
title_full_unstemmed	Exploring Mercury the iron planet Robert G. Strom and Ann L. Sprague
title_short	Exploring Mercury
title_sort	exploring mercury the iron planet
title_sub	the iron planet
topic	Planetologie (DE-588)4233970-4 gnd Mariner Raumsonde (DE-588)7841238-9 gnd
topic_facet	Planetologie Mariner Raumsonde Mercury (Planet) Merkur Planet
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015185623&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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