Applied thin layer chromatography: best practice and avoidance of mistakes
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English German |
| Published: |
Weinheim
WILEY-VCH
2007
|
| Edition: | 2., rev. and enl. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | Inhaltstext Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| Item Description: | Früher mit der Nummer 9783527298396 |
| Physical Description: | XV, 314 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| ISBN: | 9783527315536 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Hahn-Deinstrop, Elke |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 240 | 1 | 0 | |a Dünnschicht-Chromatographie |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Applied thin layer chromatography |b best practice and avoidance of mistakes |c Elke Hahn-Deinstrop |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Applied thin-layer chromatography |
| 250 | |a 2., rev. and enl. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Weinheim |b WILEY-VCH |c 2007 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 314 S. |b zahlr. Ill. | ||
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|---|---|
| adam_text |
Titel: Applied thin layer chromatography
Autor: Hahn-Deinstrop, Elke
Jahr: 2007
Contents
1 Introduction. 1
1.1 What Does TLC Mean?. 1
1.2 When Is TLC Used?. 2
1.3 Where Is TLC Used?. 3
1.4 How Is the Result of a TLC Represented?. 4
1.4.1 Retardation Factor. 4
1.4.2 Flow Constant. 6
1.4.3 Other TLC Parameters. 7
1.5 What Kinds of Reference Substances Are Used in TLC?. 8
1.6 The Literature on TLC. 9
1.6.1 General Literature. 9
1.6.1.1 Books and Information Sheets in German. 9
1.6.1.2 Books in English.11
1.6.1.3 Book in Another Language.11
1.6.2 Journals.12
1.6.2.1 German Language Journals Containing Articles on TLC
(Selection).12
1.6.2.2 English Language Journals on TLC.12
1.6.2.3 English Language Journals Containing General Articles
on Chromatography (Selection).12
1.6.3 Abstracts.13
1.6.4 Pharmacopoeias.13
2 Precoated Layers.15
2.1 Precoated Layers - Why?.15
2.2 What Are Precoated Layers Produced?.16
2.2.1 Sorbents.16
2.2.2 Supports for Stationary Phases.19
2.2.3 Additives.20
2.3 What Types of Precoated Layers Are There?.21
2.4 What Are the Uses of Precoated Layers?.27
XII Contents
2.5 Criteria for the Selection of Stationary Phases in TLC.27
2*5.1 How Can the Choice of the Stationary Phase be Made?.28
2.5.2 How Can the Recommendations for Stationary Phases
Found in Pharmacopoeias be Applied to Precoated Layers?.28
2.6 Effect of the Stationary Phase When Mobile Phases Arc Identical.30
2.7 Advice on the Ordering and Storage of Precoated Layers.31
2.8 Problems in the Naming and Arrangement of Precoated Layers.33
3 Before the TLC Development Process.35
3.1 Handling of Precoated Layers.35
3.1.1 Film and Foil.35
3.1.2 Glass Plates.36
3.2 Prewashing.41
3.3 Activation.43
3.4 Conditioning.44
3.5 Impregnation.46
3.5.1 Impregnation by Dipping.46
3.5.2 Impregnation by Spraying.46
3.5.3 Impregnation by Predevelopment.47
3.6 Application of Samples.50
3.6.1 Manual Application of Samples.51
3.6.2 Semiautomatic Application.56
3.6.3 Fully Automatic Application.61
3.7 Positioning of the Samples.65
3.8 Drying Before the Development.67
4 Solvent Systems, Developing Chambers and Development.69
4.1 Solvent Systems.69
4.1.1 Choice of Solvent Systems.70
4.1.2 Preparation and Storage of Solvent Systems.79
4.1.3 Problematical Solvent System Compositions.82
4.2 TLC Developing Chambers.87
4.2.1 What Types of TLC Developing Chambers Are There?.87
4.2.1.1 TLC Chambers for Vertical Development.88
4.2.1.2 TLC Developing Chambers for Horizontal Development.90
4.2.2 Influence of the Chamber Atmosphere. 91
4.2.2.1 The Unsaturated N-Chamber.93
4.2.2.2 The Saturated N-Chamber.
Contents XIII
4.2.3 Influence of Temperature in Chromatography. 97
4.2.4 Location and Labeling of TLC Developing Chambers. 97
4.3 Development of Thin-Layer Chromatograms. 99
4.3.1 One-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography.100
4.3.1.1 Vertical Development.101
4.3.1.2 Horizontal Development.106
4.3.2 Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography.108
4.4 Drying After Development.Ill
5 Evaluation Without Derivatization.113
5.1 Direct Visual Evaluation.113
5.1.1 Detection in Daylight.113
5.1.2 Detection with 254-nm UV Light.113
5.1.3 Detection with 365-nm UV Light.115
5.2 Direct Optical Evaluation Using Instruments.116
5.2.1 Principle of Operation of a TLC Scanner.116
5.2.2 Direct Optical Evaluation Above 400 nm.117
5.2.3 Direct Optical Evaluation Below 400 nm.117
5.2.4 Direct Optical Evaluation with 365-nm UV Light
(Fluorescence Measurement).117
5.3 Diode-Array Detection.120
5.4 Coupled Methods for Substance Identification.122
5.5 Documentation Without or Before Derivatization.123
6 Derivatization.125
6.1 Thermochemical Reaction.126
6.2 Irradiation with High-Energy Light.127
6.3 Reaction with Reagents.129
6.3.1 Spraying of TLC Plates.129
6.3.1.1 Manual Spraying of TLC Plates.129
6.3.1.2 Fully Automatic Spraying of TLC Plates.133
6.3.2 Dipping of TLC Plates.134
6.3.3 Vapor Treatment of TLC Plates.139
6.3.4 Coating TLC Plates.140
6.4 Special Cases of Derivatization.143
6.4.1 Prechromatographic Derivatization.143
6.4.1.1 Reaction with Reagents.143
6.4.1.2 Incorporation of Radionuclides.144
6.4.2 Simultaneous Derivatization and Development.145
6.4.3 Reaction Sequences.146
6.4.4 Biological-Physiological Methods of Detection.147
XIV Contents
6.5 Further Treatment of Derivatized Chromatograms.
6.5.1 Effect of Heat.
6.5.2 Stabilization of Colored and Fluorescent Zones.
7 Evaluation After Derivatization.
7.1 Visual Evaluation.
7.1.1 Visual Qualitative Evaluation.
7.1.2 Visual Semiquantitative Evaluation.
7.2 Evaluation Using a TLC Scanner.
7.2.1 Qualitative Evaluation.
7.2.2 Quantitative Evaluation.
7.2.2.1 Absorption Measurement.
7.2.2.2 Fluorescence Measurement.
7.2.2.3 Comparison of "Parallel" With "Transverse" Measurement
7.3 Evaluation Using a Video System.
7.3.1 Qualitative Video Evaluation.
7.3.2 Quantitative Video Evaluation.
7.3.3 Comparison of the TLC Scanner With Video Evaluation .
7.4 Evaluation by Flat-Bed Scanner.
7.5 Evaluation Using a Digital Camera.
8 Documentation. 181
8.1 Description of a Thin-Layer Chromatogram.181
8.2 Documentation by Drawing, Tracing and Photocopying.182
8.3 Photographic Documentation. 183
8.3.1 Photography Using the Polaroid Camera MP-4.183
8.3.2 Photography Using 35-mm Cameras. 183
8.3.2.1 Photography in 254-nm UV Light. 184
8.3.2.2 Photographs in 365-nm UV Light. 185
8.3.2.3 Photographs in White Light. 185
8.3.3 Archiving of 35-mm Films. 187
8.4 Video Documentation.188
8.5 Documentation With Digital Cameras. 198
8.6 TLC Scanner Documentation. 199
8.7 Flat-Bed Scanner Documentation. 199
8.8 Bioluminescence Measurements.200
8.8.1 Toxicity Screening Using the Bioluminescent Bacteria Vibrio fischeri. 200
8.8.2 Detecting Bioluminescence With the BioLuminizer™.200
153
153
153
153
154
154
155
156
161
166
174
175
176
177
178
178
Contents XV
9 GMP/GLP-Conforming Operations in TLC.203
9.1 Validation of TLC Methods.207
9.2 Use of Qualified/Calibrated Equipment.211
9.3 GMP/GLP-Conforming Raw Data Sheets.214
9.4 Examples of GMP/GLP-Conforming Testing Procedures (TPs).223
9.4.1 Identity and Purity of a Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemical and
Determination of the Limit Values of Related Compounds.224
9.4.2 Identity and Purity of Various Flavonoid-Containing Plant Extracts . 224
9.4.3 Content of a Pharmaceutical Chemical in a Tablet.225
10 Effects of Stress.241
10.1 Controlled Stress on a Substance.241
10.2 TLC-Sensitive Substances.242
10.2.1 Interactions With Sorbents.242
10.2.2 Effect of Elevated Temperature.242
10.2.3 Effect of Light.243
10.2.4 Oxidative Effects.245
11 Special Methods in TLC.247
11.1 AMD - Automated Multiple Development.247
11.2 OPLC - Overpressured Layer Chromatography.248
11.3 HPPLC - High Pressure Planar Liquid Chromatography.249
11.4 TLC-FID/FTID - Combination of TLC and Flame-Ionization Detector
or Flame-Thermionic Ionization Detector.249
11.5 TLC-NDIR.250
11.6 RPC - Rotation Planar Chromatography.252
12 Appendix.253
12.1 CHROMart.253
12.2 References.255
12.3 Abbreviations.263
12.4 Acknowledgements.267
12.5 Market Overview.268
Photograph Section.271
Subject Index.309 |
| adam_txt |
Titel: Applied thin layer chromatography
Autor: Hahn-Deinstrop, Elke
Jahr: 2007
Contents
1 Introduction. 1
1.1 What Does TLC Mean?. 1
1.2 When Is TLC Used?. 2
1.3 Where Is TLC Used?. 3
1.4 How Is the Result of a TLC Represented?. 4
1.4.1 Retardation Factor. 4
1.4.2 Flow Constant. 6
1.4.3 Other TLC Parameters. 7
1.5 What Kinds of Reference Substances Are Used in TLC?. 8
1.6 The Literature on TLC. 9
1.6.1 General Literature. 9
1.6.1.1 Books and Information Sheets in German. 9
1.6.1.2 Books in English.11
1.6.1.3 Book in Another Language.11
1.6.2 Journals.12
1.6.2.1 German Language Journals Containing Articles on TLC
(Selection).12
1.6.2.2 English Language Journals on TLC.12
1.6.2.3 English Language Journals Containing General Articles
on Chromatography (Selection).12
1.6.3 Abstracts.13
1.6.4 Pharmacopoeias.13
2 Precoated Layers.15
2.1 Precoated Layers - Why?.15
2.2 What Are Precoated Layers Produced?.16
2.2.1 Sorbents.16
2.2.2 Supports for Stationary Phases.19
2.2.3 Additives.20
2.3 What Types of Precoated Layers Are There?.21
2.4 What Are the Uses of Precoated Layers?.27
XII Contents
2.5 Criteria for the Selection of Stationary Phases in TLC.27
2*5.1 How Can the Choice of the Stationary Phase be Made?.28
2.5.2 How Can the Recommendations for Stationary Phases
Found in Pharmacopoeias be Applied to Precoated Layers?.28
2.6 Effect of the Stationary Phase When Mobile Phases Arc Identical.30
2.7 Advice on the Ordering and Storage of Precoated Layers.31
2.8 Problems in the Naming and Arrangement of Precoated Layers.33
3 Before the TLC Development Process.35
3.1 Handling of Precoated Layers.35
3.1.1 Film and Foil.35
3.1.2 Glass Plates.36
3.2 Prewashing.41
3.3 Activation.43
3.4 Conditioning.44
3.5 Impregnation.46
3.5.1 Impregnation by Dipping.46
3.5.2 Impregnation by Spraying.46
3.5.3 Impregnation by Predevelopment.47
3.6 Application of Samples.50
3.6.1 Manual Application of Samples.51
3.6.2 Semiautomatic Application.56
3.6.3 Fully Automatic Application.61
3.7 Positioning of the Samples.65
3.8 Drying Before the Development.67
4 Solvent Systems, Developing Chambers and Development.69
4.1 Solvent Systems.69
4.1.1 Choice of Solvent Systems.70
4.1.2 Preparation and Storage of Solvent Systems.79
4.1.3 Problematical Solvent System Compositions.82
4.2 TLC Developing Chambers.87
4.2.1 What Types of TLC Developing Chambers Are There?.87
4.2.1.1 TLC Chambers for Vertical Development.88
4.2.1.2 TLC Developing Chambers for Horizontal Development.90
4.2.2 Influence of the Chamber Atmosphere. 91
4.2.2.1 The Unsaturated N-Chamber.93
4.2.2.2 The Saturated N-Chamber.
Contents XIII
4.2.3 Influence of Temperature in Chromatography. 97
4.2.4 Location and Labeling of TLC Developing Chambers. 97
4.3 Development of Thin-Layer Chromatograms. 99
4.3.1 One-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography.100
4.3.1.1 Vertical Development.101
4.3.1.2 Horizontal Development.106
4.3.2 Two-Dimensional Thin-Layer Chromatography.108
4.4 Drying After Development.Ill
5 Evaluation Without Derivatization.113
5.1 Direct Visual Evaluation.113
5.1.1 Detection in Daylight.113
5.1.2 Detection with 254-nm UV Light.113
5.1.3 Detection with 365-nm UV Light.115
5.2 Direct Optical Evaluation Using Instruments.116
5.2.1 Principle of Operation of a TLC Scanner.116
5.2.2 Direct Optical Evaluation Above 400 nm.117
5.2.3 Direct Optical Evaluation Below 400 nm.117
5.2.4 Direct Optical Evaluation with 365-nm UV Light
(Fluorescence Measurement).117
5.3 Diode-Array Detection.120
5.4 Coupled Methods for Substance Identification.122
5.5 Documentation Without or Before Derivatization.123
6 Derivatization.125
6.1 Thermochemical Reaction.126
6.2 Irradiation with High-Energy Light.127
6.3 Reaction with Reagents.129
6.3.1 Spraying of TLC Plates.129
6.3.1.1 Manual Spraying of TLC Plates.129
6.3.1.2 Fully Automatic Spraying of TLC Plates.133
6.3.2 Dipping of TLC Plates.134
6.3.3 Vapor Treatment of TLC Plates.139
6.3.4 Coating TLC Plates.140
6.4 Special Cases of Derivatization.143
6.4.1 Prechromatographic Derivatization.143
6.4.1.1 Reaction with Reagents.143
6.4.1.2 Incorporation of Radionuclides.144
6.4.2 Simultaneous Derivatization and Development.145
6.4.3 Reaction Sequences.146
6.4.4 Biological-Physiological Methods of Detection.147
XIV Contents
6.5 Further Treatment of Derivatized Chromatograms.
6.5.1 Effect of Heat.
6.5.2 Stabilization of Colored and Fluorescent Zones.
7 Evaluation After Derivatization.
7.1 Visual Evaluation.
7.1.1 Visual Qualitative Evaluation.
7.1.2 Visual Semiquantitative Evaluation.
7.2 Evaluation Using a TLC Scanner.
7.2.1 Qualitative Evaluation.
7.2.2 Quantitative Evaluation.
7.2.2.1 Absorption Measurement.
7.2.2.2 Fluorescence Measurement.
7.2.2.3 Comparison of "Parallel" With "Transverse" Measurement
7.3 Evaluation Using a Video System.
7.3.1 Qualitative Video Evaluation.
7.3.2 Quantitative Video Evaluation.
7.3.3 Comparison of the TLC Scanner With Video Evaluation .
7.4 Evaluation by Flat-Bed Scanner.
7.5 Evaluation Using a Digital Camera.
8 Documentation. 181
8.1 Description of a Thin-Layer Chromatogram.181
8.2 Documentation by Drawing, Tracing and Photocopying.182
8.3 Photographic Documentation. 183
8.3.1 Photography Using the Polaroid Camera MP-4.183
8.3.2 Photography Using 35-mm Cameras. 183
8.3.2.1 Photography in 254-nm UV Light. 184
8.3.2.2 Photographs in 365-nm UV Light. 185
8.3.2.3 Photographs in White Light. 185
8.3.3 Archiving of 35-mm Films. 187
8.4 Video Documentation.188
8.5 Documentation With Digital Cameras. 198
8.6 TLC Scanner Documentation. 199
8.7 Flat-Bed Scanner Documentation. 199
8.8 Bioluminescence Measurements.200
8.8.1 Toxicity Screening Using the Bioluminescent Bacteria Vibrio fischeri. 200
8.8.2 Detecting Bioluminescence With the BioLuminizer™.200
153
153
153
153
154
154
155
156
161
166
174
175
176
177
178
178
Contents XV
9 GMP/GLP-Conforming Operations in TLC.203
9.1 Validation of TLC Methods.207
9.2 Use of Qualified/Calibrated Equipment.211
9.3 GMP/GLP-Conforming Raw Data Sheets.214
9.4 Examples of GMP/GLP-Conforming Testing Procedures (TPs).223
9.4.1 Identity and Purity of a Bulk Pharmaceutical Chemical and
Determination of the Limit Values of Related Compounds.224
9.4.2 Identity and Purity of Various Flavonoid-Containing Plant Extracts . 224
9.4.3 Content of a Pharmaceutical Chemical in a Tablet.225
10 Effects of Stress.241
10.1 Controlled Stress on a Substance.241
10.2 TLC-Sensitive Substances.242
10.2.1 Interactions With Sorbents.242
10.2.2 Effect of Elevated Temperature.242
10.2.3 Effect of Light.243
10.2.4 Oxidative Effects.245
11 Special Methods in TLC.247
11.1 AMD - Automated Multiple Development.247
11.2 OPLC - Overpressured Layer Chromatography.248
11.3 HPPLC - High Pressure Planar Liquid Chromatography.249
11.4 TLC-FID/FTID - Combination of TLC and Flame-Ionization Detector
or Flame-Thermionic Ionization Detector.249
11.5 TLC-NDIR.250
11.6 RPC - Rotation Planar Chromatography.252
12 Appendix.253
12.1 CHROMart.253
12.2 References.255
12.3 Abbreviations.263
12.4 Acknowledgements.267
12.5 Market Overview.268
Photograph Section.271
Subject Index.309 |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| author | Hahn-Deinstrop, Elke |
| author_facet | Hahn-Deinstrop, Elke |
| author_role | aut |
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| author_variant | e h d ehd |
| building | Verbundindex |
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| callnumber-sort | QD 279 C8 |
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| classification_tum | CHE 232f |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)76797502 (DE-599)BVBBV021805296 |
| dewey-full | 543.84 |
| dewey-hundreds | 500 - Natural sciences and mathematics |
| dewey-ones | 543 - Analytical chemistry |
| dewey-raw | 543.84 |
| dewey-search | 543.84 |
| dewey-sort | 3543.84 |
| dewey-tens | 540 - Chemistry and allied sciences |
| discipline | Chemie / Pharmazie Chemie |
| discipline_str_mv | Chemie / Pharmazie Chemie |
| edition | 2., rev. and enl. ed. |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV021805296 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:49:08Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:09:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783527315536 |
| language | English German |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015017668 |
| oclc_num | 76797502 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 DE-11 DE-B768 |
| owner_facet | DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-20 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-83 DE-11 DE-B768 |
| physical | XV, 314 S. zahlr. Ill. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | WILEY-VCH |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Hahn-Deinstrop, Elke Verfasser aut Dünnschicht-Chromatographie Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes Elke Hahn-Deinstrop Applied thin-layer chromatography 2., rev. and enl. ed. Weinheim WILEY-VCH 2007 XV, 314 S. zahlr. Ill. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Früher mit der Nummer 9783527298396 Thin layer chromatography Dünnschichtchromatographie (DE-588)4013227-4 gnd rswk-swf Dünnschichtchromatographie (DE-588)4013227-4 s DE-604 text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2831267&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext HBZ Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015017668&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Hahn-Deinstrop, Elke Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes Thin layer chromatography Dünnschichtchromatographie (DE-588)4013227-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4013227-4 |
| title | Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes |
| title_alt | Dünnschicht-Chromatographie Applied thin-layer chromatography |
| title_auth | Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes |
| title_exact_search | Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes |
| title_full | Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes Elke Hahn-Deinstrop |
| title_fullStr | Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes Elke Hahn-Deinstrop |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes Elke Hahn-Deinstrop |
| title_short | Applied thin layer chromatography |
| title_sort | applied thin layer chromatography best practice and avoidance of mistakes |
| title_sub | best practice and avoidance of mistakes |
| topic | Thin layer chromatography Dünnschichtchromatographie (DE-588)4013227-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Thin layer chromatography Dünnschichtchromatographie |
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