Arms and armor from Iran: the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere Verfasser: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | English |
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Legat
2006
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| Beschreibung: | Literaturverz. S. 763 - 776 |
| Beschreibung: | 776 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 31 cm, 4800 gr. |
| ISBN: | 9783932942228 3932942221 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Arms and armor from Iran |b the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period |c Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani. [Chief executive ed.: Doug Mullane] |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1805088489794961408 |
|---|---|
| adam_text |
CONTENTS
FOREWORDS
Foreword (by Richard Dellar)
13
Arms and Armor from Iran: New Insight into the
Relationship between Art, Technology, and
Long-Term
Cultural Continuity (by John Cooksey)
14
Iran's Silent Legacy (by Dr. Kaveh Farrokh)
15
Iranian armaments: a Western perspective (by Peter
Lyon) 17
Seeing as an Act of Choice (by Doug
Multane)
18
Ages and Dynasties | Map
20/21
3.
BRONZE AND IRON WEAPONS FROM IRAN
47
PREFACE
1.
INTRODUCTION
23
25
2.
THE IRANIAN CULTURAL INFLUENCE IN THE
REGION AND IRANIAN SEARCH FOR INDEPENDENCE
27
2.1
The unique Iranian cultural heritage
27
2.2
The influence of Iranian culture on its arms and armor
28
2.3
The Arab Conquest of Iran
30
2.4
Rebellion against Umayyad rule
31
2.5
The victorious Abbasid Rebellion
33
2.6
Reassertion
of Iranian identity
35
2.7
The Shu
'ubis
(or Azadmardiyya)
35
2.8
The Civil War of
811 -813 A.D.
and its aftermath
35
2.9
Continued revolt against the Arab rule
36
2.10
The preservation of Iranian traditions
37
2.11
The Saffarid Dynasty and the re-emergence of
Iran in
247-298
hegira
(867-910 A.D.) 37
2.12
The Samanids in
204-390 (819-1000 A.D.)
and
the re-emergence of Persian
38
2.13
The Al-Buyid Dynasty in
320-403
hegira
(932-1012 A.D.) 39
2.14
Islamic and other influences on Iranian art and culture
39
2.15
The Mongol Invasion in
616
hegira
(1219 A.D.) 40
2.16
The Sarbedaran Revolt against the Mongols
41
2.17
The influence of the Mongol Invasion on
Iranian art and culture
42
2.18
Timur
42
2.19
Art in the Timurid period in
771-912
hegira
(1370-1506 A.D.) 43
2.20
The Safavid period in
907-1200
hegira
(1502-1786 A.D.) 43
2.21
The Afsharid
(1148-1216
hegira),
Zand
(1163-1209
hegira), and Qajar periods
(1209-1344
hegira)
44
3.1
Making Bronze Weapons
48
3.2
Bronze and iron weapons from Western parts of Iran
(Luristan and Elam)
50
3.2.1
Flanged hilt daggers, dirks, and swords
53
3.2.2
Ear-lobed pommeled bronze daggers,
dirks, and swords
55
3.2.3
Cast-on hilted daggers, dirks, and swords
55
3.3
Classification of bronze and iron weapons from
Luristan and other regions of Iran
58
3.3.1
Type I and Type la
58
3.3.2
Type II and Type
Ila
58
3.3.3
Type III
59
3.3.4
Type IV
59
3.3.5
Type V
60
3.3.6
Type VI
60
3.3.7
Type
VII
60
3.3.8
Type
VII
60
3.3.9
Type IX
61
3.4
Iron swords from Luristan
61
3.4.1
Djub-I Gauhar
61
3.4.2
Gui Khanan
Murdah
62
3.4.3
Iron mask swords from Luristan
62
3.4.4
Daggers/Dirks and swords from Luristan with
an iron blade and a cast-on bronze handle
65
3.5
Bronze weapons from
Hasaniu
65
3.6
Marlik,
Amlash, and Talesh (Classification of daggers
and swords from
Mariik,
based on Negahban)
66
3.6.1
Type I: Unique, decorative examples
69
3.6.2.
Type II: Dirks with a cast-on hilt cast onto
the blade, a crescent pommel, cylindrical or
occasionally rather cubic hand grip, rectangular
guard, and a tapering, triangular blade
69
3.6.3
Type III. Bronze dirks with open or closed
cylindrical grip, crescent pommel, penannular
(nearly annular, having nearly the form of a ring)
guard, and tapering triangular blade
71
4.
MEDIAN AND ACHAEMENIAN DAGGERS
AND SWORDS
4.1
The Median akenakes
4.2
The Persian akenakes
4.3
Achaemenian long swords
4.4
Achaemenian falchions
4.5
Achaemenian knives
72
72
7Л
75
76
76
CONTENTS
I
9
5.
PARTHIAN SWORDS AND DAGGERS
5.1
Evidence from rock reliefs
5.2
Archaeological examples
6.
SASSANIAN SWORDS
77
79
82
84
6.1
Evidence from rock reliefs (based on the
classification by Masia)
84
6.1.1
Sword of Ardeshir I as seen on the stone reliefs
85
6.1.2
Swords of the Shapur I era
85
6.1.3
Sword attributed to the Bahram I
(Bishapur V) era
86
6.1.4
Swords attributed to the era of Bahram II
86
6.1.5
Swords attributed to the era of Narseh and
Ardeshir II
87
6.1.6
Swords attributed to the eras of
Shapur II and III
87
6.1.7
Swords attributed to the era of Khosrow II
88
6.2
Evidence from silver plates
89
6.3
Archaeological Examples
89
6.3.1
Swords with crossguards
93
6.3.2
Swords with scabbards with P-shaped
attachments
94
6.3.3
Sassanian swords with silver-covered scabbard
and handle decorated with feather pattern with¬
out P-shaped attachments on the scabbard
95
6.3.4
A two-handed Sassanian sword
97
7.
THE IMPORTANCE AND MEANING OF SWORDS
IN IRAN AFTER THE MUSLIM CONQUEST
7.1
99
Crucible Steel {pulad-e gohardar or fulad-e jawhardar)
and its varieties
100
7.2
Different types of steel
104
7.2.1
Crucible steel
104
7.2.2
Different accounts on the making
of crucible steel
104
7.2.3
Types of wootz ingots and steel used
by Persian smiths from Isfahan
109
7.3
Pattern-welded steel blades (layered blades)
111
7.4
Classification of swords by al-Kindi
114
7.5
Akhi Hizam Mohammad ibn Yaghub
al Khuttali
on swords
117
7.6
Beiruni on swords
118
7.7
Ibn
Sina
on swords
119
7.8
Khayyam Neishaburi on swords
119
7.9
Mobarakshah Fakhr Modabar on swords
121
7.10
Al-Tarsusi on swords
123
7.11
Identification and classification of watered steel blades
(tigheye jawharder) based on publications from modern
times
123
8.2
Evidence for the existence of highly curved swords
(shamshirs) before the Safavid Period: Shamshirs
attributed to
Timur
136
8.2.1
Shamshir
1
attributed to
Timur
with
gold-inlaid cartouches in Kufic inscriptions
from the Military Museum of Tehran
136
8.2.2
Shamshir
2
attributed to
Timur
with
gold-inlaid cartouches in Kufic inscriptions
from the National Museum of Iran in Tehran
137
8.2.3
Shamshir
3
attributed to
Timur
from
the Military Museum of Tehran
138
8.2.4
Comparative statistics
138
8.3
The origins of blade engraving and decoration
140
8.4
The "classical shamshir" and other styles
141
8.5
Different parts of the "classical shamshir
145
8.6
Tigheye puladi (the blades of Iranian shamshirs)
146
8.6.1
Measurement and construction
146
8.6.2
Cartouches
(toranj):
Swordmakers's
signatures and talismans on
shamshir blades
147
8.6.3
Assadollah and the signature of Iranian
smiths and other phrases used as inscriptions
on sword blades
148
8.6.4
The phrase Bande-ye Shah Velayat
[.] 150
8.6.5
The mystery of the name Assadollah
156
8.6.6
Swords made by Kalbali and
Kalbeali
Inscription
163
8.6.7
Other makers' names
167
8.6.8
Other inscriptions on shamshir blades
171
8.6.9
A list of different makers
175
8.7
Quillons and hilts
178
8.8
Decoration methods on bolchaqs (handguards) and
kolahs (pommel caps)
182
8.8.1
Engraving {qalamzani or qalam-kandan)
182
8.8.2
Gold inlaying, gold overlaying, and gilding
183
8.8.3
Tazinat-e sade
(simple fittings)
185
8.8.4
Silver or gold holchaq and
kolah
185
8.8.5
Morasa and minakari: bejeweled and
enameled fittings
186
8.9
Qabze (hilt) and ahanak (handle straps or
tang bands)
187
8.10
Ghalaf and varbands (scabbard and
scabbard mounts)
190
9.
THE MYSTERY BEHIND DHULFAGHAR/ZOLFAGHAR,
THE BIFURCATED SWORD OF
ALI 195
10.
IRANIAN STRAIGHT SWORDS: RE-EMERGENCE
OR COEXISTENCE
198
8.
THE SHAMSHIR AND ITS VARIANTS
8.1
Origins and development
130
130
10.1
The tradition of the straight-btaded sword
10.2
Swordsmanship
10.3
Fittings and the symbolism of the dragon
10.4
Other decorative forms
10.5
Co-existence
198
201
201
205
206
10
I CONTENTS
11.
IRANIAN MILITARY SWORDS FROM THE QAJAR
PERIOD (SHAMSHIR NEZAMI)
207
12.
QAME AN
D QADDARE
212
13.
KHAN JAR
219
14.
KARD
230
15.
PISHQABZ
237
16.
NEYZE AND ZUBIN (SPEAR AND JAVELIN)
240
16,1
Spearheads from
Mariik
240
16.1.1
Type I: Unusual and decorative spearheads
240
Type II: Spearheads with triangular blades
240
Type III: Long spearheads
241
Type IV: Spearheads with ovate blades
241
Type V: Heavy spearheads
241
Type
Vi:
Spearheads with long blades
and short tangs
241
Type
VII:
Spearheads with large blades
242
Type
VIII:
Spearheads with well-projecting
midribs and long, folded sockets
242
16.1.9
Type IX: Small spearheads
243
16.1.10
Type X: Iron spearheads
243
Spearheads from Amlash
243
16.1.2
16.1.3
16.1.4
16.1.5
16.1.6
16.1.7
16.1.8
16.2
16.2.1
Type
1 :
Spearheads with long blades, broad
midribs, rectangular-sectioned tangs, and
reinforced shafts opening to reveal the tangs
and rounded shoulders
243
16.2.2
Type
2:
Spearheads with long blades and
short tangs
243
16.2.3
Type
3:
A small spearhead with an
ovate blade, a midrib, and a socketed shaft
243
16.2.4
Type
4:
An ovate spearhead with a midrib,
a cylindrical shaft, and a long tang
244
16.2.5
Type
5:
A spearhead with a narrow blade
and socketed end
244
16.3
Spearheads from Amarfu
244
16.3.1
Type
1 :
A spearhead with a long blade; broad
midrib: rectangular-sectioned tang; reinforced
shaft: long tang; and angled shoulders
244
16.3.2
Type
2:
A spearhead with a long blade; broad
midrib: rectangular-sectioned tang; engraved,
reinforced shaft: long, bent tang; and rounded
shoulders
244
16.3.3
Type
3:
A spearhead with long willow leaf
biade
with a midrib and a long tang
244
16.3.4
Type
4:
Spearheads with narrow blades
and socketed ends
244
16.4
Spearheads from Luristan
16.5
Achaemenian spearheads
16.6
Parthian and Sassanian spearheads
245
245
246
16.7
Spears after the Muslim Conquest
247
16.7.1
Neyze (spear and lance)
248
16.7.2
Mezrag (two-pronged and three-pronged
spearheads)
248
16.7.3
Zubin or
djeriď.
javelin
250
17.
GORZ (MACE)
251
17.1
Globular or pear-shaped and truncheon-shaped
maceheads
253
17.2
Knobbed and flanged maces
255
17.3
Animal or human-headed maces
258
18.
TAB
AR
AND TAB
ARZI
N 262
19.
SEPAR
(SHIELD)
267
20.
ZEREH AND JAWSHAN (ARMOR)
20.1
Jawshan and zereh (mail)
20.2
Chahrayne (four mirrors)
275
279
281
20.2.1
Pinned chahrayne (four plates)
281
20.2.2
Four-plated chahr ayne with clasps for leather
straps, attributed to Shah Ismail Safavid, with
four rectangular steel plates
282
20.2.3
A pinned, five-plated chahr ayne
282
20.3
Sardushi (shoulder padding)
282
20.4
Bazuband (arm guards)
283
20.4.1
Bazuband with hinges
283
20.4.2
Bazubands with mail rings as an attachment
device
283
20.4.3
Bazubands with clasps and leather straps
283
20.5
Kolahkhud (helmet)
284
20.6
Gariban (mail collar)
284
20.7
Zanuband (knee protector) and
sagband
(shin protector)
284
21.
TIR VA KAMAN
(BOW AND ARROWS)
286
21.1
Shapes and Structure of a kaman (bow)
296
21.1.1
Classification of bows by Zuttermann
296
21.1.2
Classification by Kobylinsky and
Hein 297
21.1.3
Classification by Dwyer
297
21.2
Materials used for making a bow
300
21.3
Tir
(arrow) and peykan (arrowhead)
305
21.3.1
Arrowheads from
Mariik
306
21.3.2
Arrowheads from Luristan
307
21.3.3
Achaemenian arrowheads
308
21.3.4
The parts of an arrow
308
21.3.5
Different Types of arrows
309
21.3.6
Zen (bowstring)
313
21.3.7
Tarkash or tirdan (quiver)
313
21.3.8
Kerbal/Kerban (the bow case)
314
21.3.9
Zehgir (thumb protector) or anghoshtvane
or angoshtane
314
CONTENTS
I
11
22.
THE MEANING OF THE EMBLEM OF THE LION
AND THE SUN AND THE LION FIGHTING A BULL
ON PIECES OF ARMS AND ARMOR
316
22.1
Incorrect attribution of the origin of the symbol of the
lion and sun to the Qajar Period
316
22.2
Heaven and celestial images
316
22.3
The eagle
316
22.4
Origins of the sun emblem during the
Achaemenian Period
317
22.5
The lion and the bull and their relationship
with the seasons
317
22.6
The Lion and the ibex
319
22.7
Mithraism
319
22.8
The Sun and
Mehr (Mihr) 320
22.9
Astrological origins of the lion and the sun
320
22.10
The lion and sun on flags and coins
323
22.11
The lion and sun as the state symbol of Iran
and the incorporation of the sword
328
22.12
The lion and sun image on other artifacts
331
23.
THE IRANIAN WARRIOR TRADITION: IRANIAN
TREATISES ON WARFARE AND MARTIAL ARTS
333
23.1
Javanmardi (rules of conduct and behavior for warriors)
and the warriors' position and role within society
334
23.2
Ayyaran during the Sassanian period and in later eras
337
24.
KHOSHTI WRESTLING AND OTHER MARTIAL
PRACTICES AND THEIR ROLE IN PREPARING THE
WARRIORS FOR THE BATTLEFIELD
345
24.1
Wrestling and varzesh pahlavani
24.2
Practice tools of varzesh pahlavani
24.2.1
Sang
24.2.2
Kabade
24.2.3
Takhte shena
24.2.4
Meel
24.2.5
Pa
zadan
24.2.6
Charkh
24.2.7
Wrestling
24.3
Archery training
24.4
Handling the sword
24.5
Throwing the javelin
24.6
Horse riding: polo and playing at the mall
24.7
Stick fighting
25.
DARVISHES {DERVISHES)
345
346
347
347
348
348
349
349
350
352
353
355
356
356
357
CATALOG: ARMS AND ARMOR FROM IRAN
Bronze and iron Swords from Luristan
Bronze Swords from Northern Iran
(Amarlu, Gheshlag, Mazandaran)
Achaemenian Period
Parthian Period
Sassanian Period
Shamshir
Straight swords
Military swords
Qaddare
Qame
Khanjar
Kard
Pishqabz
Neyze and Zubin
Gorz
Tabar and Tabarzin
Separ
Zereh and Jawshan
Tir va
Катап
Endnotes
for Cat.
1-188
Endnotes
for Cat.
189-505
INDEX
REFERENCES
373
375
391
406
410
416
454
555
559
568
574
582
602
618
625
647
659
667
684
728
749
751
754
763
26.
NAGGALI
360
27.
TAZIYEH
28.
CONCLUSION
363
367 |
| adam_txt |
CONTENTS
FOREWORDS
Foreword (by Richard Dellar)
13
Arms and Armor from Iran: New Insight into the
Relationship between Art, Technology, and
Long-Term
Cultural Continuity (by John Cooksey)
14
Iran's Silent Legacy (by Dr. Kaveh Farrokh)
15
Iranian armaments: a Western perspective (by Peter
Lyon) 17
Seeing as an Act of Choice (by Doug
Multane)
18
Ages and Dynasties | Map
20/21
3.
BRONZE AND IRON WEAPONS FROM IRAN
47
PREFACE
1.
INTRODUCTION
23
25
2.
THE IRANIAN CULTURAL INFLUENCE IN THE
REGION AND IRANIAN SEARCH FOR INDEPENDENCE
27
2.1
The unique Iranian cultural heritage
27
2.2
The influence of Iranian culture on its arms and armor
28
2.3
The Arab Conquest of Iran
30
2.4
Rebellion against Umayyad rule
31
2.5
The victorious Abbasid Rebellion
33
2.6
Reassertion
of Iranian identity
35
2.7
The Shu
'ubis
(or Azadmardiyya)
35
2.8
The Civil War of
811 -813 A.D.
and its aftermath
35
2.9
Continued revolt against the Arab rule
36
2.10
The preservation of Iranian traditions
37
2.11
The Saffarid Dynasty and the re-emergence of
Iran in
247-298
hegira
(867-910 A.D.) 37
2.12
The Samanids in
204-390 (819-1000 A.D.)
and
the re-emergence of Persian
38
2.13
The Al-Buyid Dynasty in
320-403
hegira
(932-1012 A.D.) 39
2.14
Islamic and other influences on Iranian art and culture
39
2.15
The Mongol Invasion in
616
hegira
(1219 A.D.) 40
2.16
The Sarbedaran Revolt against the Mongols
41
2.17
The influence of the Mongol Invasion on
Iranian art and culture
42
2.18
Timur
42
2.19
Art in the Timurid period in
771-912
hegira
(1370-1506 A.D.) 43
2.20
The Safavid period in
907-1200
hegira
(1502-1786 A.D.) 43
2.21
The Afsharid
(1148-1216
hegira),
Zand
(1163-1209
hegira), and Qajar periods
(1209-1344
hegira)
44
3.1
Making Bronze Weapons
48
3.2
Bronze and iron weapons from Western parts of Iran
(Luristan and Elam)
50
3.2.1
Flanged hilt daggers, dirks, and swords
53
3.2.2
Ear-lobed pommeled bronze daggers,
dirks, and swords
55
3.2.3
Cast-on hilted daggers, dirks, and swords
55
3.3
Classification of bronze and iron weapons from
Luristan and other regions of Iran
58
3.3.1
Type I and Type la
58
3.3.2
Type II and Type
Ila
58
3.3.3
Type III
59
3.3.4
Type IV
59
3.3.5
Type V
60
3.3.6
Type VI
60
3.3.7
Type
VII
60
3.3.8
Type
VII
60
3.3.9
Type IX
61
3.4
Iron swords from Luristan
61
3.4.1
Djub-I Gauhar
61
3.4.2
Gui Khanan
Murdah
62
3.4.3
Iron mask swords from Luristan
62
3.4.4
Daggers/Dirks and swords from Luristan with
an iron blade and a cast-on bronze handle
65
3.5
Bronze weapons from
Hasaniu
65
3.6
Marlik,
Amlash, and Talesh (Classification of daggers
and swords from
Mariik,
based on Negahban)
66
3.6.1
Type I: Unique, decorative examples
69
3.6.2.
Type II: Dirks with a cast-on hilt cast onto
the blade, a crescent pommel, cylindrical or
occasionally rather cubic hand grip, rectangular
guard, and a tapering, triangular blade
69
3.6.3
Type III. Bronze dirks with open or closed
cylindrical grip, crescent pommel, penannular
(nearly annular, having nearly the form of a ring)
guard, and tapering triangular blade
71
4.
MEDIAN AND ACHAEMENIAN DAGGERS
AND SWORDS
4.1
The Median akenakes
4.2
The Persian akenakes
4.3
Achaemenian long swords
4.4
Achaemenian falchions
4.5
Achaemenian knives
72
72
7Л
75
76
76
CONTENTS
I
9
5.
PARTHIAN SWORDS AND DAGGERS
5.1
Evidence from rock reliefs
5.2
Archaeological examples
6.
SASSANIAN SWORDS
77
79
82
84
6.1
Evidence from rock reliefs (based on the
classification by Masia)
84
6.1.1
Sword of Ardeshir I as seen on the stone reliefs
85
6.1.2
Swords of the Shapur I era
85
6.1.3
Sword attributed to the Bahram I
(Bishapur V) era
86
6.1.4
Swords attributed to the era of Bahram II
86
6.1.5
Swords attributed to the era of Narseh and
Ardeshir II
87
6.1.6
Swords attributed to the eras of
Shapur II and III
87
6.1.7
Swords attributed to the era of Khosrow II
88
6.2
Evidence from silver plates
89
6.3
Archaeological Examples
89
6.3.1
Swords with crossguards
93
6.3.2
Swords with scabbards with P-shaped
attachments
94
6.3.3
Sassanian swords with silver-covered scabbard
and handle decorated with feather pattern with¬
out P-shaped attachments on the scabbard
95
6.3.4
A two-handed Sassanian sword
97
7.
THE IMPORTANCE AND MEANING OF SWORDS
IN IRAN AFTER THE MUSLIM CONQUEST
7.1
99
Crucible Steel {pulad-e gohardar or fulad-e jawhardar)
and its varieties
100
7.2
Different types of steel
104
7.2.1
Crucible steel
104
7.2.2
Different accounts on the making
of crucible steel
104
7.2.3
Types of wootz ingots and steel used
by Persian smiths from Isfahan
109
7.3
Pattern-welded steel blades (layered blades)
111
7.4
Classification of swords by al-Kindi
114
7.5
Akhi Hizam Mohammad ibn Yaghub
al Khuttali
on swords
117
7.6
Beiruni on swords
118
7.7
Ibn
Sina
on swords
119
7.8
Khayyam Neishaburi on swords
119
7.9
Mobarakshah Fakhr Modabar on swords
121
7.10
Al-Tarsusi on swords
123
7.11
Identification and classification of watered steel blades
(tigheye jawharder) based on publications from modern
times
123
8.2
Evidence for the existence of highly curved swords
(shamshirs) before the Safavid Period: Shamshirs
attributed to
Timur
136
8.2.1
Shamshir
1
attributed to
Timur
with
gold-inlaid cartouches in Kufic inscriptions
from the Military Museum of Tehran
136
8.2.2
Shamshir
2
attributed to
Timur
with
gold-inlaid cartouches in Kufic inscriptions
from the National Museum of Iran in Tehran
137
8.2.3
Shamshir
3
attributed to
Timur
from
the Military Museum of Tehran
138
8.2.4
Comparative statistics
138
8.3
The origins of blade engraving and decoration
140
8.4
The "classical shamshir" and other styles
141
8.5
Different parts of the "classical shamshir
145
8.6
Tigheye puladi (the blades of Iranian shamshirs)
146
8.6.1
Measurement and construction
146
8.6.2
Cartouches
(toranj):
Swordmakers's
signatures and talismans on
shamshir blades
147
8.6.3
Assadollah and the signature of Iranian
smiths and other phrases used as inscriptions
on sword blades
148
8.6.4
The phrase Bande-ye Shah Velayat
[.] 150
8.6.5
The mystery of the name Assadollah
156
8.6.6
Swords made by Kalbali and
Kalbeali
Inscription
163
8.6.7
Other makers' names
167
8.6.8
Other inscriptions on shamshir blades
171
8.6.9
A list of different makers
175
8.7
Quillons and hilts
178
8.8
Decoration methods on bolchaqs (handguards) and
kolahs (pommel caps)
182
8.8.1
Engraving {qalamzani or qalam-kandan)
182
8.8.2
Gold inlaying, gold overlaying, and gilding
183
8.8.3
Tazinat-e sade
(simple fittings)
185
8.8.4
Silver or gold holchaq and
kolah
185
8.8.5
Morasa and minakari: bejeweled and
enameled fittings
186
8.9
Qabze (hilt) and ahanak (handle straps or
tang bands)
187
8.10
Ghalaf and varbands (scabbard and
scabbard mounts)
190
9.
THE MYSTERY BEHIND DHULFAGHAR/ZOLFAGHAR,
THE BIFURCATED SWORD OF
ALI 195
10.
IRANIAN STRAIGHT SWORDS: RE-EMERGENCE
OR COEXISTENCE
198
8.
THE SHAMSHIR AND ITS VARIANTS
8.1
Origins and development
130
130
10.1
The tradition of the straight-btaded sword
10.2
Swordsmanship
10.3
Fittings and the symbolism of the dragon
10.4
Other decorative forms
10.5
Co-existence
198
201
201
205
206
10
I CONTENTS
11.
IRANIAN MILITARY SWORDS FROM THE QAJAR
PERIOD (SHAMSHIR NEZAMI)
207
12.
QAME AN
D QADDARE
212
13.
KHAN JAR
219
14.
KARD
230
15.
PISHQABZ
237
16.
NEYZE AND ZUBIN (SPEAR AND JAVELIN)
240
16,1
Spearheads from
Mariik
240
16.1.1
Type I: Unusual and decorative spearheads
240
Type II: Spearheads with triangular blades
240
Type III: Long spearheads
241
Type IV: Spearheads with ovate blades
241
Type V: Heavy spearheads
241
Type
Vi:
Spearheads with long blades
and short tangs
241
Type
VII:
Spearheads with large blades
242
Type
VIII:
Spearheads with well-projecting
midribs and long, folded sockets
242
16.1.9
Type IX: Small spearheads
243
16.1.10
Type X: Iron spearheads
243
Spearheads from Amlash
243
16.1.2
16.1.3
16.1.4
16.1.5
16.1.6
16.1.7
16.1.8
16.2
16.2.1
Type
1 :
Spearheads with long blades, broad
midribs, rectangular-sectioned tangs, and
reinforced shafts opening to reveal the tangs
and rounded shoulders
243
16.2.2
Type
2:
Spearheads with long blades and
short tangs
243
16.2.3
Type
3:
A small spearhead with an
ovate blade, a midrib, and a socketed shaft
243
16.2.4
Type
4:
An ovate spearhead with a midrib,
a cylindrical shaft, and a long tang
244
16.2.5
Type
5:
A spearhead with a narrow blade
and socketed end
244
16.3
Spearheads from Amarfu
244
16.3.1
Type
1 :
A spearhead with a long blade; broad
midrib: rectangular-sectioned tang; reinforced
shaft: long tang; and angled shoulders
244
16.3.2
Type
2:
A spearhead with a long blade; broad
midrib: rectangular-sectioned tang; engraved,
reinforced shaft: long, bent tang; and rounded
shoulders
244
16.3.3
Type
3:
A spearhead with long willow leaf
biade
with a midrib and a long tang
244
16.3.4
Type
4:
Spearheads with narrow blades
and socketed ends
244
16.4
Spearheads from Luristan
16.5
Achaemenian spearheads
16.6
Parthian and Sassanian spearheads
245
245
246
16.7
Spears after the Muslim Conquest
247
16.7.1
Neyze (spear and lance)
248
16.7.2
Mezrag (two-pronged and three-pronged
spearheads)
248
16.7.3
Zubin or
djeriď.
javelin
250
17.
GORZ (MACE)
251
17.1
Globular or pear-shaped and truncheon-shaped
maceheads
253
17.2
Knobbed and flanged maces
255
17.3
Animal or human-headed maces
258
18.
TAB
AR
AND TAB
ARZI
N 262
19.
SEPAR
(SHIELD)
267
20.
ZEREH AND JAWSHAN (ARMOR)
20.1
Jawshan and zereh (mail)
20.2
Chahrayne (four mirrors)
275
279
281
20.2.1
Pinned chahrayne (four plates)
281
20.2.2
Four-plated chahr ayne with clasps for leather
straps, attributed to Shah Ismail Safavid, with
four rectangular steel plates
282
20.2.3
A pinned, five-plated chahr ayne
282
20.3
Sardushi (shoulder padding)
282
20.4
Bazuband (arm guards)
283
20.4.1
Bazuband with hinges
283
20.4.2
Bazubands with mail rings as an attachment
device
283
20.4.3
Bazubands with clasps and leather straps
283
20.5
Kolahkhud (helmet)
284
20.6
Gariban (mail collar)
284
20.7
Zanuband (knee protector) and
sagband
(shin protector)
284
21.
TIR VA KAMAN
(BOW AND ARROWS)
286
21.1
Shapes and Structure of a kaman (bow)
296
21.1.1
Classification of bows by Zuttermann
296
21.1.2
Classification by Kobylinsky and
Hein 297
21.1.3
Classification by Dwyer
297
21.2
Materials used for making a bow
300
21.3
Tir
(arrow) and peykan (arrowhead)
305
21.3.1
Arrowheads from
Mariik
306
21.3.2
Arrowheads from Luristan
307
21.3.3
Achaemenian arrowheads
308
21.3.4
The parts of an arrow
308
21.3.5
Different Types of arrows
309
21.3.6
Zen (bowstring)
313
21.3.7
Tarkash or tirdan (quiver)
313
21.3.8
Kerbal/Kerban (the bow case)
314
21.3.9
Zehgir (thumb protector) or anghoshtvane
or angoshtane
314
CONTENTS
I
11
22.
THE MEANING OF THE EMBLEM OF THE LION
AND THE SUN AND THE LION FIGHTING A BULL
ON PIECES OF ARMS AND ARMOR
316
22.1
Incorrect attribution of the origin of the symbol of the
lion and sun to the Qajar Period
316
22.2
Heaven and celestial images
316
22.3
The eagle
316
22.4
Origins of the sun emblem during the
Achaemenian Period
317
22.5
The lion and the bull and their relationship
with the seasons
317
22.6
The Lion and the ibex
319
22.7
Mithraism
319
22.8
The Sun and
Mehr (Mihr) 320
22.9
Astrological origins of the lion and the sun
320
22.10
The lion and sun on flags and coins
323
22.11
The lion and sun as the state symbol of Iran
and the incorporation of the sword
328
22.12
The lion and sun image on other artifacts
331
23.
THE IRANIAN WARRIOR TRADITION: IRANIAN
TREATISES ON WARFARE AND MARTIAL ARTS
333
23.1
Javanmardi (rules of conduct and behavior for warriors)
and the warriors' position and role within society
334
23.2
Ayyaran during the Sassanian period and in later eras
337
24.
KHOSHTI WRESTLING AND OTHER MARTIAL
PRACTICES AND THEIR ROLE IN PREPARING THE
WARRIORS FOR THE BATTLEFIELD
345
24.1
Wrestling and varzesh pahlavani
24.2
Practice tools of varzesh pahlavani
24.2.1
Sang
24.2.2
Kabade
24.2.3
Takhte shena
24.2.4
Meel
24.2.5
Pa
zadan
24.2.6
Charkh
24.2.7
Wrestling
24.3
Archery training
24.4
Handling the sword
24.5
Throwing the javelin
24.6
Horse riding: polo and playing at the mall
24.7
Stick fighting
25.
DARVISHES {DERVISHES)
345
346
347
347
348
348
349
349
350
352
353
355
356
356
357
CATALOG: ARMS AND ARMOR FROM IRAN
Bronze and iron Swords from Luristan
Bronze Swords from Northern Iran
(Amarlu, Gheshlag, Mazandaran)
Achaemenian Period
Parthian Period
Sassanian Period
Shamshir
Straight swords
Military swords
Qaddare
Qame
Khanjar
Kard
Pishqabz
Neyze and Zubin
Gorz
Tabar and Tabarzin
Separ
Zereh and Jawshan
Tir va
Катап
Endnotes
for Cat.
1-188
Endnotes
for Cat.
189-505
INDEX
REFERENCES
373
375
391
406
410
416
454
555
559
568
574
582
602
618
625
647
659
667
684
728
749
751
754
763
26.
NAGGALI
360
27.
TAZIYEH
28.
CONCLUSION
363
367 |
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| era_facet | Geschichte Geschichte 652-1834 |
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| genre | (DE-588)4163417-2 Katalog gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Katalog |
| geographic | Iran (DE-588)4027653-3 gnd Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Iran Iran Altertum |
| id | DE-604.BV021792064 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| index_date | 2024-07-02T15:44:51Z |
| indexdate | 2024-07-20T09:08:50Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783932942228 3932942221 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015004692 |
| oclc_num | 71255415 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-11 DE-188 DE-Y3 DE-M350 DE-209 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-11 DE-188 DE-Y3 DE-M350 DE-209 |
| physical | 776 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 31 cm, 4800 gr. |
| publishDate | 2006 |
| publishDateSearch | 2006 |
| publishDateSort | 2006 |
| publisher | Legat |
| record_format | marc |
| spelling | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani. [Chief executive ed.: Doug Mullane] Tübingen Legat 2006 776 S. zahlr. Ill., graph. Darst. 31 cm, 4800 gr. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Literaturverz. S. 763 - 776 Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Geschichte 652-1834 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte Armor Iran Catalogs Armor Iran History Weapons Iran Catalogs Weapons Iran History Rüstung Schutzkleidung (DE-588)4130512-7 gnd rswk-swf Hieb- und Stoßwaffe (DE-588)4072487-6 gnd rswk-swf Iran (DE-588)4027653-3 gnd rswk-swf Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4163417-2 Katalog gnd-content Iran Altertum (DE-588)4072922-9 g Hieb- und Stoßwaffe (DE-588)4072487-6 s Geschichte z DE-604 Rüstung Schutzkleidung (DE-588)4130512-7 s Iran (DE-588)4027653-3 g Geschichte 652-1834 z Khorasani, Manouchehr Moshtagh Sonstige (DE-588)132030934 oth Mullane, Doug edt text/html http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2841943&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm Inhaltstext http://www.arms-and-armor-from-iran.de Ausführliche Beschreibung Digitalisierung UB Bamberg application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015004692&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period Geschichte Armor Iran Catalogs Armor Iran History Weapons Iran Catalogs Weapons Iran History Rüstung Schutzkleidung (DE-588)4130512-7 gnd Hieb- und Stoßwaffe (DE-588)4072487-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4130512-7 (DE-588)4072487-6 (DE-588)4027653-3 (DE-588)4072922-9 (DE-588)4163417-2 |
| title | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period |
| title_auth | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period |
| title_exact_search | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period |
| title_exact_search_txtP | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period |
| title_full | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani. [Chief executive ed.: Doug Mullane] |
| title_fullStr | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani. [Chief executive ed.: Doug Mullane] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arms and armor from Iran the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period Manouchehr Moshtagh Khorasani. [Chief executive ed.: Doug Mullane] |
| title_short | Arms and armor from Iran |
| title_sort | arms and armor from iran the bronze age to the end of the qajar period |
| title_sub | the Bronze Age to the end of the Qajar period |
| topic | Geschichte Armor Iran Catalogs Armor Iran History Weapons Iran Catalogs Weapons Iran History Rüstung Schutzkleidung (DE-588)4130512-7 gnd Hieb- und Stoßwaffe (DE-588)4072487-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Armor Iran Catalogs Armor Iran History Weapons Iran Catalogs Weapons Iran History Rüstung Schutzkleidung Hieb- und Stoßwaffe Iran Iran Altertum Katalog |
| url | http://deposit.dnb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2841943&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm http://www.arms-and-armor-from-iran.de http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015004692&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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